CN111693560A - Selection method of hot melt adhesive for crosslinked polyethylene cable smooth aluminum composite sheath - Google Patents
Selection method of hot melt adhesive for crosslinked polyethylene cable smooth aluminum composite sheath Download PDFInfo
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- CN111693560A CN111693560A CN202010531330.9A CN202010531330A CN111693560A CN 111693560 A CN111693560 A CN 111693560A CN 202010531330 A CN202010531330 A CN 202010531330A CN 111693560 A CN111693560 A CN 111693560A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/02—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phase; by investigating sintering
- G01N25/04—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phase; by investigating sintering of melting point; of freezing point; of softening point
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/04—Measuring adhesive force between materials, e.g. of sealing tape, of coating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0258—Non axial, i.e. the forces not being applied along an axis of symmetry of the specimen
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for selecting a hot melt adhesive for a crosslinked polyethylene cable smooth aluminum composite sheath, which comprises the following steps: 1. the softening point temperature of the hot melt adhesive material is checked and is required to be not lower than 80 ℃; 2. checking the shear strength of the hot melt adhesive material before aging, wherein the requirement is not lower than 2.0 MPa; 3. the peeling strength of the hot melt adhesive material before aging is checked, and is required to be not lower than 0.5N/mm; 4. carrying out a thermal cycle aging test: 5. checking the shear strength of the hot melt adhesive material after aging, wherein the requirement is not lower than 2.0 MPa; 6. the peel strength of the hot melt adhesive material after aging is checked and is required to be not less than 0.5N/mm. The method has the advantages that the sample is convenient to manufacture, the test items are simplified, and the consumption of manpower and material resources is reduced; the method has the advantages that the thermal, mechanical and aging properties of candidate hot melt adhesive materials are checked layer by layer, the performance requirements on the hot melt adhesive are perfected, the development success rate of the smooth aluminum composite sheath crosslinked polyethylene cable product is effectively improved, and the method has important engineering application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hot melt adhesives for crosslinked polyethylene cable smooth aluminum composite sheaths, in particular to a method for selecting a type of a hot melt adhesive for crosslinked polyethylene cable smooth aluminum composite sheaths.
Background
Currently, underground cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) power cables are widely used in cities for the purpose of beautifying the environment and saving land resources. The cable structure typically includes, from inside to outside, a conductor shield, XLPE insulation, an insulation shield, a semi-conductive water-blocking buffer layer, a metal jacket, an anti-corrosion layer, and a polymer outer jacket. The metal sheath is an indispensable component of the cable and plays roles in radial water resistance, short-circuit current bearing and mechanical protection. In china, high voltage XLPE cables typically employ a corrugated aluminum jacket with asphalt applied to the outer surface to protect against corrosion, and a polymer outer jacket extruded over the outer surface. In the european and american countries, for nearly 30 years, aluminum-plastic composite sheathed and smooth aluminum composite sheathed cables have been widely used in urban power grid construction. The two cables both adopt smooth metal composite sheaths, and are different in that the aluminum layer of the smooth metal composite sheaths is very thin and generally does not exceed 0.5mm, the smooth metal composite sheaths only play a role of radial water resistance, and copper wire shielding needs to be additionally arranged inside the smooth metal composite sheaths to meet the requirement of short-circuit current capacity; the latter aluminum layer is thicker, generally not less than 2mm, and has the functions of radial water resistance and short-circuit current bearing.
Along with the increase of the power demand, the laying length of domestic high-voltage XLPE corrugated aluminum sheath cable lines is increased year by year, and the ablation fault of a water blocking buffer layer occurs sometimes. Although there is no uniform conclusion on the ablation mechanism study of the buffer layer, the poor electrical contact between the corrugated aluminum sheath and the insulation shield is undoubtedly one of the important reasons. A smooth aluminum jacket is one of the possible solutions to this failure because it is in intimate contact with the buffer layer, with no air gap spacing. Meanwhile, the smooth aluminum composite sheath cable is compact in structure, improves radial heat dissipation performance, reduces size and weight, increases the coiling length of the cable, reduces the number of joints required by a line, has remarkable technical advantages and economic benefits, and draws wide attention in the industry.
The key point of manufacturing the smooth aluminum composite sheath cable is that the smooth aluminum sheath and the polymer outer sheath are firmly bonded by using hot melt adhesive to form an integral composite structure, so that the bending performance of the sheath is ensured. If the performance of the hot melt adhesive is unqualified, the composite sheath can be layered at the bonding interface, and when a cable is bent, the aluminum sheath wrinkles and cracks, and the XLPE insulation is extruded inwards and scratched, so that the cable fault is caused. Some relevant domestic and foreign standards point out that after testing a finished XLPE cable, the peel strength of the smooth aluminum composite sheath bonding interface needs to be measured to ensure that it is not less than 0.5N/mm. The tests mainly aim at finished cables, and the whole production and test cost is high; once the initial selection of the hot melt adhesive material is improper, the preparation and the test of the product are required to be completely repeated, so that huge resource waste is formed, and the product development cost of manufacturers is greatly increased. In addition, the above standards only provide requirements for the peel strength of the bonding interface, and the performance of the hot melt adhesive cannot be comprehensively evaluated.
If a proper hot melt adhesive model selection scheme can be provided, a mode of preparing a sample to replace a finished cable is adopted for testing and screening the hot melt adhesive material, so that the development cost of the cable product can be greatly reduced, the development process is effectively simplified, and the method has important significance for the product development of the smooth aluminum composite sheath crosslinked polyethylene cable. No relevant documents are reported at present for the flow of the type selection of the hot melt adhesive material, the elements needing attention and the specific requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for screening a hot melt adhesive for a cross-linked polyethylene cable smooth aluminum composite sheath based on the softening point of the hot melt adhesive and the requirements of characteristic parameters of shear strength and peel strength before and after artificial aging, thereby providing an efficient and reliable solution for relevant cable manufacturers at home and abroad. The method has the advantages that the sample is convenient to manufacture, the test items are simplified, the operability is good, and the consumption of manpower and material resources is reduced; the method has the advantages that the thermal, mechanical and aging properties of candidate hot melt adhesive materials are checked layer by layer, the performance requirements on the hot melt adhesive are perfected, the development success rate of the smooth aluminum composite sheath crosslinked polyethylene cable product is effectively improved, and the method has important engineering application value.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the type selection method of the hot melt adhesive for the smooth aluminum composite sheath of the crosslinked polyethylene cable comprises the following steps:
step 1: the softening point temperature of the hot melt adhesive material is checked and is required to be not lower than 80 ℃;
assessment can be performed by the following two methods:
1) placing the hot melt adhesive sample in a drying oven at the temperature of 80 ℃, placing for 1 hour, observing whether the hot melt adhesive sample has a softening sign, and if not, meeting the requirement;
2) if the softening point of the hot melt adhesive material is accurately measured by a standard method (such as a ring and ball method), the softening point temperature is directly adopted for judgment, and the softening point temperature is required to be not lower than 80 ℃.
Step 2: the shear strength of the hot melt adhesive material before aging is checked and is required to be not lower than 2.0 MPa.
The assessment method comprises the following steps:
preparing polyethylene and aluminum sheets, wherein the width of the polyethylene and aluminum sheets is required to be (25 +/-0.5) mm, the length L of the polyethylene and aluminum sheets is required to be 100-110 mm, the thickness D of the polyethylene and aluminum sheets is required to be 1-5 mm, the polyethylene and aluminum sheets are partially overlapped and firmly adhered together by adopting a hot melt adhesive material, the length of an adhesion surface is (12 +/-0.5) mm, a tensile shear strength test is carried out by adopting an electronic universal testing machine, two ends of a shear sample are respectively placed in clamping devices above and below the electronic universal testing machine, the loading rate is set to be (2 +/-0.1) mm/min, and the shear strength of.
It is required to prepare not less than 3 shear samples, and the shear strength measurement value of all the shear samples is not less than 2.0 MPa.
And step 3: the peel strength of the hot melt adhesive material before aging is checked and is required to be not less than 0.5N/mm.
The assessment method comprises the following steps:
preparing polyethylene and aluminum sheets, wherein the width of the polyethylene and aluminum sheets is required to be (25 +/-0.5) mm, the length M of the polyethylene and aluminum sheets is required to be 150-200 mm, the thickness H of the polyethylene and aluminum sheets is required to be 1-5 mm, the polyethylene and aluminum sheets are partially overlapped and firmly adhered together by adopting a hot melt adhesive material, the length N of an adhesion surface is 110-130 mm, an electronic universal testing machine is adopted to carry out T peeling strength test, two ends of a peeling sample are respectively placed in clamping devices above and below the electronic universal testing machine, the loading rate is set to be (100 +/-1) mm/min, and the peeling strength of the.
It is required to prepare not less than 3 pieces of peeling test specimens, and the peel strength measurement values of all the peeling test specimens are not less than 0.5N/mm.
And 4, step 4: a thermal cycle aging test was performed.
Placing 3 pieces of the sheared samples and 3 pieces of the peeled samples in an oven, heating to 80 ℃ and keeping for 8 hours in total, then naturally cooling to room temperature for 16 hours in total, wherein the total time of the process is 24 hours, and the process is a thermal cycle aging period; the thermal cycle aging process was carried out for 20 cycles.
And 5: the shear strength of the hot melt adhesive material after aging is checked, and the requirement is not lower than 2.0 MPa.
And (3) carrying out a tensile shear strength test on the 3 shear samples subjected to artificial thermal aging by using an electronic universal testing machine according to the same requirements of the step (2), and measuring the shear strength of the hot melt adhesive, wherein the shear strength measured values of all the shear samples are required to be not lower than 2.0 MPa.
Step 6: the peel strength of the hot melt adhesive material after aging is checked and is required to be not less than 0.5N/mm.
And (3) carrying out a peel strength test on the 3 peeled samples subjected to artificial heat aging by using an electronic universal testing machine according to the same requirements of the step (3), and measuring the peel strength of the hot melt adhesive, wherein the peel strength measured values of all the peeled samples are required to be not lower than 0.5N/mm.
The invention provides a method for selecting a hot melt adhesive for a crosslinked polyethylene cable smooth aluminum composite sheath, which has the following advantages:
1) firstly, the softening point of the hot melt adhesive is checked, so that the composite sheath can not cause failure of an adhesive interface due to melting of the hot melt adhesive when the cable runs at full load, and a batch of inapplicable hot melt adhesive can be quickly screened out;
2) the shear strength is used as one of key indexes for evaluating the bonding strength of the hot melt adhesive, the stress characteristic of a bonding interface of the composite sheath when the cable is bent is met, the specific requirement of the shear strength is specified, and the specific requirement is pointed;
3) the thermal cycle test is adopted as a man-made thermal aging test project, so that the actual thermal state of the composite sheath when the cable bears periodic load can be effectively simulated, and an important assessment standard is provided for the long-term fatigue performance of the hot melt adhesive;
4) the test sample is easy to prepare, the test items are easy to operate, the thermal property, the mechanical property and the aging property required by the hot melt adhesive when applied to the smooth aluminum composite sheath are comprehensively checked, the success rate of subsequent finished cable development is remarkably increased, and the labor and material cost is effectively saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing the selection of the type of the hot-melt adhesive material in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 2a is a front view of a shear specimen.
Fig. 2b is a top view of a shear specimen.
Fig. 3a is a front view of a peeled sample.
Fig. 3b is a top view of the peeled sample.
Fig. 4a and 4b are diagrams of a real object of a hot melt adhesive #2 before and after softening in an embodiment of the present invention, respectively.
FIGS. 5a and 5b are schematic diagrams illustrating the tensile shear and T peel strength testing processes, respectively, of hot melt adhesive #1 in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a lamination of the bonding interface of the composite sheath coated with hot melt adhesive #2 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The method provided by the invention is used for carrying out material selection on the hot melt adhesive for the smooth aluminum composite sheath of the high-pressure crosslinked polyethylene cable, as shown in figure 1, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: the softening point temperature of the hot melt adhesive material is required to be not lower than 80 ℃.
Two candidate hot melt adhesives are taken as examples for material selection and are respectively named as a hot melt adhesive #1 and a hot melt adhesive # 2. The two hot melt adhesive samples were placed on high temperature films, respectively, and placed in an oven (see fig. 4a, which is a picture of hot melt adhesive #2 placed in an oven), then heated to 80 ℃, and held for 1 hour. In the test process, the hot melt adhesive #1 has no softening sign, namely the softening point meets the requirement; while hot melt #2 transitioned to a molten state, as shown in fig. 4b, indicating that hot melt #2 failed and no further testing was conducted.
Step 2: the shear strength of the hot melt adhesive material before aging is checked and is required to be not lower than 2.0 MPa.
Polyethylene and aluminum sheets, each 25mm in width, 100mm in length L and 5mm and 2mm in thickness D, were prepared and partially overlapped and firmly bonded together with hot melt adhesive #1, the bonding surface having a length of 12mm, to form a cut sample as shown in fig. 2a and 2 b. An electronic universal testing machine is adopted to carry out a tensile shear strength test, two ends of a shear sample are respectively arranged in a clamp holder above and below the electronic universal testing machine, the loading speed is set to be 2mm/min, and the shear strength is measured.
3 pieces of the shear test sample are prepared altogether, the measured shear strength of the 3 pieces of the shear test sample is higher than 2.0MPa, the average value is 3.1MPa, and the requirements are met.
And step 3: the peel strength of the hot melt adhesive material before aging is checked and is required to be not less than 0.5N/mm.
Polyethylene and aluminum sheets, each 25mm in width, 200mm in length M and 5mm and 2mm in thickness H, respectively, were prepared and partially overlapped and firmly bonded together with a hot melt adhesive #1, and the bonding surface N was 130mm in length, to form peel-off samples as shown in fig. 3a and 3 b. An electronic universal testing machine is adopted to carry out a T-peel strength test, two ends of a peel test sample are respectively arranged in a clamp holder above and below the electronic universal testing machine, the loading speed is set to be 100mm/min, and the peel strength of the peel test sample is measured.
3 pieces of the peeling samples are prepared in total, and the peeling strength of the 3 pieces of peeling samples is higher than 0.5N/mm and the average value is 23.8N/mm, so that the requirements are met.
And 4, step 4: a thermal cycle aging test was performed.
Placing 3 pieces of cut samples and 3 pieces of peeled samples prepared by using the hot melt adhesive #1 in an oven, heating to 80 ℃ and keeping for 8 hours in total, then naturally cooling to room temperature for 16 hours in total, wherein the total time of the process is 24 hours, and the process is a thermal cycle aging period; the thermal cycle aging process was carried out for 20 cycles.
And 5: the shear strength of the hot melt adhesive material after aging is checked, and the requirement is not lower than 2.0 MPa.
And (3) carrying out a tensile shear strength test on the 3 shear samples subjected to thermal cycle aging by using an electronic universal testing machine according to the same requirements of the step (2), and measuring the shear strength of the hot melt adhesive #1 after aging, wherein the test process is shown in a figure 5 a. The measured values of the shear strength of the 3 shear samples are all higher than 2.0MPa, the average value is 3.1MPa, and the average value is basically the same as that before aging, which shows that the shear strength of the hot melt adhesive #1 after aging is not obviously reduced, and the application requirements are met.
Step 6: the peel strength of the hot melt adhesive material after aging is checked and is required to be not less than 0.5N/mm.
And (3) carrying out a peel strength test on the 3 peeled samples subjected to thermal cycle aging by using an electronic universal tester according to the same requirements of the step (3), and measuring the peel strength of the hot melt adhesive #1 after aging, wherein the test process is shown in fig. 5 b. The measured values of the peel strength of the 3 peel samples are all higher than 0.5N/mm, the average value is 20.5N/mm, although the peel strength is slightly reduced compared with that before aging, the peel strength still greatly exceeds the required value, and the application requirements are met.
Through the above type selection test, the conclusion is drawn: the hot melt adhesive #1 meets the relevant performance requirements, can be applied to the smooth aluminum composite sheath of the crosslinked polyethylene cable, and the prepared cable product does not have the phenomenon of layering of the bonding interface of the composite sheath in the transportation, test and operation processes.
If the hot melt adhesive material is not pre-screened by the model selection method provided by the invention, but the hot melt adhesive #2 is directly used for preparing the smooth aluminum composite sheath crosslinked polyethylene cable product, the result shows that the lamination phenomenon occurs on the bonding interface of the composite sheath when the cable product which is subjected to the relevant test is cut, as shown in fig. 6. The softening point of the hot melt adhesive #2 is too low, so that when the temperature of the composite sheath reaches 70-80 ℃ in the test process, the hot melt adhesive #2 is melted, the bonding capability of the aluminum sheath and the outer protective layer is lost, the local debonding of an interface is caused, obvious layering occurs under the action of cutting force, the mechanical performance of the cable is greatly reduced, and the actual operation requirement of the cable cannot be met.
In a word, the type selection method of the hot melt adhesive for the crosslinked polyethylene cable smooth aluminum composite sheath provided by the invention has the advantages that a test sample is easy to prepare, the test process is simple and easy to operate, test items are simplified and have pertinence, the thermal property, the mechanical property and the aging property of the hot melt adhesive are comprehensively checked in the aspects of softening point, shear strength, peeling strength and thermal cycle aging by combining the actual requirements of application in the crosslinked polyethylene cable smooth aluminum composite sheath, the success rate of subsequent cable product development is obviously increased on the premise of greatly saving manpower, material resources and time cost, and the method has important engineering application value.
Claims (1)
1. The type selection method of the hot melt adhesive for the smooth aluminum composite sheath of the crosslinked polyethylene cable is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the softening point temperature of the hot melt adhesive material is checked and is required to be not lower than 80 ℃;
assessment was performed by two methods:
1) placing the hot melt adhesive sample in a drying oven at the temperature of 80 ℃, placing for 1 hour, observing whether the hot melt adhesive sample has a softening sign, and if not, meeting the requirement;
2) if the hot melt adhesive material has accurately measured the softening point by a standard method, directly adopting the softening point temperature to judge, and requiring the softening point temperature not to be lower than 80 ℃;
step 2: checking the shear strength of the hot melt adhesive material before aging, wherein the requirement is not lower than 2.0 MPa;
the assessment method comprises the following steps:
preparing polyethylene and aluminum sheets, wherein the width of the polyethylene and aluminum sheets is required to be (25 +/-0.5) mm, the length L of the polyethylene and aluminum sheets is required to be 100-110 mm, the thickness D of the polyethylene and aluminum sheets is required to be 1-5 mm, the polyethylene and aluminum sheets are partially overlapped and firmly adhered together by adopting a hot melt adhesive material, the length of an adhesion surface is (12 +/-0.5) mm, an electronic universal testing machine is adopted for carrying out a tensile shear strength test, two ends of a shear sample are respectively placed in a clamp holder above and below the electronic universal testing machine, the loading rate is set to be (2 +/-0.1) mm/min, and the shear strength;
preparing not less than 3 shear samples, wherein the shear strength measured values of all the shear samples are not less than 2.0 MPa;
and step 3: the peeling strength of the hot melt adhesive material before aging is checked, and is required to be not lower than 0.5N/mm;
the assessment method comprises the following steps:
preparing a polyethylene and aluminum sheet, wherein the width of the polyethylene and aluminum sheet is required to be (25 +/-0.5) mm, the length M of the polyethylene and aluminum sheet is required to be 150-200 mm, the thickness H of the polyethylene and aluminum sheet is required to be 1-5 mm, the polyethylene and aluminum sheet are partially overlapped and firmly adhered together by adopting a hot melt adhesive material, the length N of an adhesion surface is 110-130 mm, an electronic universal testing machine is adopted to carry out T peeling strength test, two ends of a peeled sample are respectively placed in clamping devices above and below the electronic universal testing machine, the loading rate is set to be (100 +/-1) mm/min, and the peeling strength of;
preparing not less than 3 stripping samples, wherein the measured value of the stripping strength of all the stripping samples is not less than 0.5N/mm;
and 4, step 4: carrying out a thermal cycle aging test:
placing 3 pieces of the sheared samples and 3 pieces of the peeled samples in an oven, heating to 80 ℃ and keeping for 8 hours in total, then naturally cooling to room temperature for 16 hours in total, wherein the total time of the process is 24 hours, and the process is a thermal cycle aging period; the thermal cycle aging process is carried out for 20 cycles;
and 5: checking the shear strength of the hot melt adhesive material after aging, wherein the requirement is not lower than 2.0 MPa;
carrying out a tensile shear strength test on 3 shear samples subjected to artificial thermal aging by using an electronic universal testing machine according to the same requirements of the step 2, and measuring the shear strength of the hot melt adhesive, wherein the shear strength measurement values of all the shear samples are required to be not lower than 2.0 MPa;
step 6: the peel strength of the hot melt adhesive material after aging is checked and is required to be not less than 0.5N/mm.
And (3) carrying out a peel strength test on the 3 peeled samples subjected to artificial heat aging by using an electronic universal testing machine according to the same requirements of the step (3), and measuring the peel strength of the hot melt adhesive, wherein the peel strength measured values of all the peeled samples are required to be not lower than 0.5N/mm.
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| CN112986132A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-18 | 慕思健康睡眠股份有限公司 | Method for testing adhesion fastness of hot melt adhesive |
| CN114354446A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-04-15 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Rail vehicle window sealant selection evaluation method |
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