CN114778428A - Selection evaluation method of cold-proof material adhesive - Google Patents
Selection evaluation method of cold-proof material adhesive Download PDFInfo
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- CN114778428A CN114778428A CN202210375198.6A CN202210375198A CN114778428A CN 114778428 A CN114778428 A CN 114778428A CN 202210375198 A CN202210375198 A CN 202210375198A CN 114778428 A CN114778428 A CN 114778428A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/04—Measuring adhesive force between materials, e.g. of sealing tape, of coating
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of adhesive evaluation, in particular to a model selection evaluation method of a rail vehicle cold-proof material adhesive. The invention provides a method for evaluating the type selection of a rail vehicle cold-proof material adhesive, which comprises the steps of primarily selecting the type of the adhesive; sample piece verification; vehicle verification is carried out on the current vehicle; by comparing the performance difference of the adhesives, the adhesive type with the best and most stable evaluation performance is selected as the adhesive for the cold-proof material of the rail vehicle, so that the problem that the adhesive with good reliability suitable for the cold-proof material of the rail vehicle cannot be selected by the adhesive type selection method in the prior art is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of adhesive evaluation, in particular to a model selection evaluation method of a rail vehicle cold-proof material adhesive.
Background
The cold-proof material is used as an important heat-insulating noise-reducing material, and is generally adhered to damping slurry or a primer surface of a vehicle body by an adhesive, so that firm and compact adhesion is required. Because the whole production flow belongs to a special process required by an ISO9001 quality management system, a cold-proof material adhesive needs to be subjected to a model selection test before a project is started, and quality problems such as adhesive failure, chalking and the like in the production and operation processes are avoided.
The final quality of the product can be influenced by the self material of the cold-proof material, the temperature and humidity conditions (seasons) of construction, the bonding base material, the bonding process parameters and the like, and the cold-proof material is fully considered during verification, so that the reworking of the whole vehicle process caused by the local quality problem after the start of work is avoided.
At present, most of cold-proof material adhesives are selected at home and abroad on the level of laboratory standard samples, and research on how to perform process selection and avoid process risks on the level of practical application is relatively less.
Due to lack of sufficient verification, the model selection result obtained by the existing evaluation method has low accuracy, and the phenomena of overlarge glue mist, gun blockage, pump blockage and the like are easy to occur in the gluing process; after gluing, the adhesive strength is low, the opening time does not meet the construction time, and the cold-proof material is glued; the phenomena of adhesive pulverization and the like can occur when the temperature changes sharply, so that adverse effects are caused on the construction process and quality of the cold-proof material, if the bonding strength of the cold-proof material is possibly insufficient, the condition that the adhesive of the cold-proof material cannot meet the construction period in the construction process of a railway vehicle, the initial adhesive force of the adhesive cannot meet the bonding requirement of the cold-proof material, the condition that the cold-proof material falls off in a large area, the adhesive pulverization of the cold-proof material and the like occur in the later operation process is avoided, the reduction of the heat insulation and noise reduction capability of the vehicle is caused, bad auditory sensation experience is brought to passengers, and the normal operation of the vehicle is influenced because the cold-proof material enters the air duct, the door mechanism and other positions.
Therefore, in order to meet the requirements of the existing vehicles and users and ensure the passenger interface environment and the normal overhaul period of the vehicles, the method for determining the reasonable cold-proof material adhesive selection is the central importance of the interior installation work of the rail vehicles.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that the phenomena of overlarge glue mist, gun blockage, pump blockage and the like are easily caused in the gluing process if the rail vehicle cold-proof material adhesive is not fully verified before the rail vehicle cold-proof material adhesive is applied, the phenomena of low bonding strength, unsatisfied construction time and cold-proof material adhesive failure and adhesive pulverization and the like are caused in the sharp temperature change after the glue is applied, the invention discloses a method for evaluating the selection of the rail vehicle cold-proof material adhesive in order to reduce the failure rate of the cold-proof material in the installation process of the cold-proof material and the later-period operation of a vehicle.
By adopting the method for evaluating the adhesive for the cold-proof material of the railway vehicle, the applicability of the adhesive in the installation process of the cold-proof materials with different materials and different positions can be fully verified, the failure rate of the cold-proof materials in the installation and operation processes is reduced, the air quality in the vehicle is improved, and the environmental requirements and the normal operation maintenance period are met.
The invention provides a model selection evaluation method of a rail vehicle cold-proof material adhesive, which comprises the following steps:
(1) primarily selecting the type of an adhesive;
(2) sample piece verification:
respectively carrying out a stripping test on a sample piece containing the adhesive to be tested under a standard condition and a high-low temperature condition; the peel test is a 180 ° peel test;
(3) the existing vehicle verification:
the cold-proof material adhesive is subjected to on-vehicle destructive tests under the conditions of summer and winter respectively.
The invention adds the existing vehicle verification on the basis of the existing laboratory standard sample verification method so as to realize more sufficient verification on the cold-proof material adhesive.
Furthermore, the invention determines a corresponding detection method and construction limit conditions by analyzing and researching the characteristics of the type of the adhesive used by the rail vehicle and the site construction conditions thereof.
Specifically, the present inventors have discovered that the bond of cold-proof materials is typically a rigid-to-flexible BUTT bond pattern (BUTT) and that the failure mode is typically edge-debonding, and that the bonded joint is progressively subjected to peel forces (gravity or other traction forces), for which purpose the present invention selects a 180 ° peel test to simulate the failure condition of the adhesive.
Meanwhile, the invention also discovers that the airing time, the opening time and the final bonding strength of the bonded joint are greatly influenced by the temperature and the humidity during construction, the temperature in summer is high, the solvent (containing solvent and water) in the contact adhesive volatilizes quickly, but the volatilization speed of the solvent is reduced on the contrary due to the high humidity; in winter, although the humidity is low, the solvent volatilization speed is reduced due to low temperature; both of these two states affect the bonding construction process requirements, which in turn affects the bonding strength. Based on this finding, the present invention proposes to use the summer and winter to perform off-the-shelf extreme weather simulations to further fully verify the applicability of the adhesive.
In conclusion, the invention provides the improved scheme based on the deep research on the relation between the working condition and the bonding mechanism of the existing railway vehicle cold-proof material and the adhesive thereof, and solves the problem that the adhesive with good reliability suitable for the railway vehicle cold-proof material cannot be selected by the adhesive type selection method in the prior art; meanwhile, the evaluation program is simplified, and the evaluation efficiency is improved.
Further, in the step (2), the peel test under the high and low temperature conditions is as follows: after drying for 48-50 hours under standard conditions, carrying out high-low temperature cyclic aging test and then carrying out 180-degree stripping test.
The conditions of the aging test are as follows: firstly keeping the temperature at 70 +/-2 ℃ and the humidity at 90% +/-5% for 5h and 20min, then cooling to-40 +/-2 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 5h and 20min, which is 1 cycle; after several cycles, the test was carried out by cooling to room temperature. Research shows that compared with the existing high-low temperature aging test conditions, the aging condition designed by the invention has the advantages that the aging condition of the adhesive under the rail vehicle operation limit condition can be fully simulated in a laboratory, the cooling speed is high, and the mechanical damage resistance of the adhesive under the condition of rapid shrinkage can be fully considered.
Further, the invention determines the environmental conditions of the on-site vehicle verification through the research on the actual operation conditions of the rail vehicle cold-proof material adhesive and the relationship between the adhesive bonding and failure mechanisms: the temperature of a factory building in summer is more than 28 ℃, and the humidity is more than 70%; the temperature of the factory building in winter is lower than 15 ℃ so as to better simulate the actual operating conditions.
The on-site destructive test comprises the following steps: after the glue is dried and bonded, performing destructive test on the bottom of the cold-proof material on the premise of ensuring that the adhesive is fully dried; the failure mode is substrate failure or adhesion failure. In order to ensure the adhesive to be fully dried, the adhesive drying time is controlled to be 5-40 min, and a destructive test is carried out after 24 hours of bonding.
In the invention, the adhesive needs to be a contact adhesive (solvent adhesive or water-based adhesive) or a water-emulsion adhesive, namely, the adhesive can form the adhesive with bonding strength without pressure after being coated between a cold-proof material and a vehicle damping paste or primer and dried.
In the invention, the primary screening standard of the adhesive is as follows: the performance index of the cold-proof material adhesive requires that the 180-degree peel strength under the standard condition is more than or equal to 0.4N/mm, and the 180-degree peel strength under the high-temperature and low-temperature circulation is more than or equal to 0.2N/mm.
In the invention, the sample piece is obtained by compounding a rigid base material and a cold-proof material through an adhesive; the rigid base material is damping aluminum strips or damping slurry.
As one embodiment of the present invention, taking the evaluation of solvent type neoprene, solvent type nitrile butadiene rubber and water type neoprene as an example, the method for evaluating the selection of the adhesive for the cold-proof material of the railway vehicle comprises:
(1) selecting solvent type neoprene, solvent type nitrile-butadiene rubber and water-based neoprene which meet performance indexes;
(2) sample piece verification:
and (3) standard condition verification: drying the sample piece containing the adhesive to be tested under standard conditions for 24 degrees, and then carrying out 180-degree stripping test; the peel strength is not less than 0.4N/mm and is qualified;
and (3) verifying high and low temperature conditions: drying a sample containing the adhesive to be tested for 48 hours under standard conditions, performing a high-low temperature cyclic aging test, and performing a 180-degree stripping test; the peel strength is not less than 0.2N/mm and is qualified;
the aging test process comprises the following steps: firstly, preserving heat for 5h and 20min at 70 +/-2 ℃ and with the humidity of 90% +/-5%, then cooling to-40 +/-2 ℃ and preserving heat for 5h and 20min, which is 1 cycle; after 30 times of circulation, the mixture is placed to room temperature for stripping test;
(3) and (3) vehicle verification:
after the cold-proof material adhesive is dried and bonded respectively in summer and winter, the current vehicle destructive test is carried out on the premise of ensuring the adhesive to be fully dried;
the destruction form is substrate destruction or adhesion destruction;
the summer conditions are as follows: the temperature of a factory building is more than 28 ℃, and the humidity is more than 70%;
the winter conditions are as follows: the temperature of a workshop is lower than 15 ℃;
the glue drying time is controlled to be 5-40 min;
performing a destructive test after 24 hours of bonding;
(4) according to the performance difference of the adhesives, the adhesive suitable for the cold-proof material of the rail vehicle is determined.
By the evaluation method, the adhesive suitable for the cold-proof material of the railway vehicle, such as solvent type neoprene adhesive, solvent type nitrile-butadiene adhesive or water-based neoprene adhesive, can be obtained.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, through a mechanical property test of a special material sample piece and an accelerated aging test of a current vehicle simulation extreme environment, the applicability of the cold-proof material adhesive can be fully verified, the risk of the cold-proof material in the operation process is reduced, the rework rate is reduced, and the stability of the product is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a standard sample in embodiment 1.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the high and low temperature cycle aging test described in example 1.
In FIG. 2, X-aging time, in units of hours (h); y-temperature, in degrees Celsius (. degree. C.); b-Single cycle.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a type selection evaluation method of a rail vehicle cold-proof material adhesive, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting solvent type neoprene, solvent type nitrile-butadiene rubber and water-based neoprene which meet performance indexes;
(2) sample piece verification:
manufacturing a sample piece: manufacturing rigid base material damping aluminum strips (damping slurry) with the length of 200mm and the width of 25mm according to the structure shown in the figure 1, spraying or brushing adhesive on two base materials with the spraying area of 200X25mm by using the length of 420mm and the width of 25mm of the cold-proof material glass fiber cloth (4 groups in total, every 5 strips form one group), buckling the glass fiber cloth on the damping aluminum strips, and repeatedly pressing the damping aluminum strips with palms for two to three times;
and (3) standard condition verification: drying for 24 hours under standard conditions, finishing the glass fiber cloth along the length direction of the damping aluminum strip by using an art designing knife, and judging that the peel strength of 180 degrees is not lower than 0.4N/mm as qualified;
and (3) verifying high and low temperature conditions: drying for 48h under standard conditions, aging in a test box, keeping the temperature at 70 ℃ for 90% for 5h and 20min, cooling to-40 ℃, keeping the temperature for 5h and 20min, wherein the temperature is 1 cycle, and after 30 cycles, respectively, the temperature is kept at room temperature, and the peel strength of 180 ℃ is judged to be qualified if the peel strength is not lower than 0.2N/mm.
(3) And (3) vehicle verification:
and respectively carrying out real-time verification on the cold-proof material adhesive in summer (the temperature of a factory building is more than 28 ℃ and the humidity is more than 70%) and in winter (the temperature of the factory building is less than 15 ℃), wherein the adhesive airing time is required to be within 5-40 min, carrying out destructive test along the bottom of the cold-proof material by hands 24 hours after bonding, ensuring that the adhesive is fully dried, and judging that the adhesive is qualified if the base material is damaged or the adhesion is damaged.
Example 2
By adopting the method of example 1, various adhesive products sold in the market are selected, specifically as follows:
(1) primary screening of the adhesive:
the performance index of the cold-proof material adhesive requires that the 180-degree peel strength under the standard condition is more than or equal to 0.4N/mm, and the 180-degree peel strength under the high-temperature and low-temperature circulation is more than or equal to 0.2N/mm.
According to the performance index requirements, various adhesive products sold in the market are preliminarily screened, and the adhesive is determined as follows: the adhesive comprises solvent-type neoprene adhesive, solvent-type butyronitrile adhesive, water-based neoprene adhesive 1, water-based neoprene adhesive 2, water-based neoprene adhesive 3, polyvinyl acetate white adhesive, a combination of water-based modified polyurethane and ethyl acetate latex, silane modified polymer and two-component water-based polyurethane.
(2) Sample piece verification:
the adhesive obtained by primary screening is used for manufacturing sample pieces according to the method of the embodiment 1, and the 180-degree peel strength of the adhesive is respectively shown in the following table after the standard condition verification and the high-low temperature condition verification;
(3) the existing vehicle verification:
the cold-proof material adhesives obtained by primary screening were subjected to real vehicle verification in accordance with the method of example 1.
Table 1 verification results of the adhesives
As can be seen from the above table, the solvent-based neoprene, the solvent-based nitrile-butadiene rubber, and the water-based neoprene of nos. 1-5 selected by the evaluation method of example 1 can be used as cold-proof material adhesives, while the polyvinyl acetate white, the water-based modified polyurethane, the ethyl acetate latex, the silane-modified polymer, and the two-component water-based polyurethane of nos. 5-9 are not suitable for being used as cold-proof material adhesives for rail vehicles.
The evaluation result is basically consistent with the practical application result of each adhesive, so that the evaluation result of the method for evaluating the type selection of the rail vehicle cold-proof material adhesive is accurate and reliable, the evaluation procedure is simplified, and the evaluation efficiency is improved.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (8)
1. A method for evaluating the selection of cold-proof material adhesive is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) primarily selecting the type of an adhesive;
(2) sample piece verification:
respectively carrying out peeling test on a sample piece containing the adhesive to be tested under a standard condition and a high-low temperature condition; the peel test is a 180 ° peel test;
(3) and (3) vehicle verification:
the cold-proof material adhesive is subjected to on-vehicle destructive tests under the conditions of summer and winter respectively.
2. The typing evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the peeling test under the high and low temperature conditions is: after drying for 48-50 hours under standard conditions, carrying out high-low temperature cyclic aging test and then carrying out 180-degree stripping test.
3. The typing evaluation method according to claim 2, wherein the aging test conditions are: firstly, preserving heat for 5h and 20min at 70 +/-2 ℃ and with the humidity of 90% +/-5%, then cooling to-40 +/-2 ℃ and preserving heat for 5h and 20min, which is 1 cycle; after several cycles, the test was carried out by cooling to room temperature.
4. The type selection evaluation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in step (3), the environmental conditions of the on-vehicle verification are: the temperature of a factory building in summer is more than 28 ℃, and the humidity is more than 70%; the temperature of the factory building in winter is lower than 15 ℃.
5. The type selection evaluation method according to claim 4, wherein the on-site destructive test is: after the glue is dried and bonded, performing destructive test on the bottom of the cold-proof material on the premise of ensuring that the adhesive is fully dried; the failure mode is substrate failure or adhesion failure.
6. The type selection evaluation method according to claim 5, wherein the time for drying the gel is controlled to be 5-40 min; the adhesion was carried out for 24h before the destructive test.
7. The typing evaluation method according to claim 1, comprising:
(1) selecting a solvent adhesive, a water-based adhesive or a water-emulsion adhesive which meets the performance index;
(2) sample piece verification:
and (3) standard condition verification: drying a sample piece containing the adhesive to be tested under standard conditions for 24 degrees, and then carrying out 180-degree stripping test; the peel strength is not less than 0.4N/mm and is qualified;
and (3) verifying high and low temperature conditions: drying a sample piece containing the adhesive to be tested for 48 hours under standard conditions, performing a high-low temperature cyclic aging test, and performing a 180-degree stripping test; the peel strength is not less than 0.2N/mm and is qualified;
the aging test process comprises the following steps: firstly keeping the temperature at 70 +/-2 ℃ and the humidity at 90% +/-5% for 5h and 20min, then cooling to-40 +/-2 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 5h and 20min, which is 1 cycle; after 30 times of circulation, the mixture is placed to room temperature for stripping test;
(3) and (3) vehicle verification:
after the cold-proof material adhesive is dried and bonded respectively in summer and winter, the on-site destructive test is carried out on the premise of ensuring the adhesive to be fully dried;
the destruction form is substrate destruction or adhesion destruction;
the summer conditions are as follows: the temperature of a factory building is more than 28 ℃, and the humidity is more than 70%;
the winter conditions are as follows: the temperature of a plant is lower than 15 ℃;
the glue drying time is controlled to be 5-40 min;
performing a destructive test after 24 hours of bonding;
(4) according to the performance difference of the adhesives, the adhesive suitable for the cold-proof material of the rail vehicle is determined.
8. The model selection evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive is one of a solvent-based adhesive, a water-based adhesive, or a water-emulsion adhesive.
The solvent-based adhesive is solvent-based neoprene adhesive and/or solvent-based nitrile-butadiene adhesive;
the water-based adhesive is water-based neoprene adhesive.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210375198.6A CN114778428A (en) | 2022-04-11 | 2022-04-11 | Selection evaluation method of cold-proof material adhesive |
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| CN202210375198.6A CN114778428A (en) | 2022-04-11 | 2022-04-11 | Selection evaluation method of cold-proof material adhesive |
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| CN202210375198.6A Pending CN114778428A (en) | 2022-04-11 | 2022-04-11 | Selection evaluation method of cold-proof material adhesive |
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