CN114352637B - Device for intelligently controlling positive pressure acting on guide rail surface by adopting electromagnetic force - Google Patents
Device for intelligently controlling positive pressure acting on guide rail surface by adopting electromagnetic force Download PDFInfo
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- CN114352637B CN114352637B CN202111620256.9A CN202111620256A CN114352637B CN 114352637 B CN114352637 B CN 114352637B CN 202111620256 A CN202111620256 A CN 202111620256A CN 114352637 B CN114352637 B CN 114352637B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device for intelligently controlling positive pressure acting on a guide rail surface by adopting electromagnetic force, belonging to the field of machine manufacturing. The device adopts the density and the direction change of magnetic lines of force of an electromagnetic field to control the magnitude of positive pressure acting on the guide rail surface of the machine tool. When the guide rail moves, most of the positive pressure acted on the bearing guide rail surface is even completely unloaded, so that little or no friction force exists between the guide rail surfaces. When the moving part is decelerated and positioned, the positive pressure on the surface of the bearing guide rail can be increased, the deceleration damping is increased, and the positioning precision of the moving part is improved. When the two groups of electromagnetic fields attract each other, the positive pressure on the guide rail surface can be reduced to even zero. When the two groups of electromagnetic fields repel each other, the positive pressure on the guide rail surface is increased, and the friction damping is increased. The sensor is used for measuring the force acting on the workbench, and the current intensity and the direction of the electromagnet are intelligently controlled by the output signal of the sensor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device for intelligently controlling positive pressure acting on a guide rail surface by adopting electromagnetic force, belonging to the field of machine manufacturing.
Background
The guide rails commonly used on the existing machine tool comprise a sliding guide rail, a hydrostatic guide rail and a rolling guide rail.
The friction between the guide rail surfaces of the sliding guide rail is larger, and the friction is larger when the positive pressure is larger, and the friction resistance is larger. Because the dynamic friction coefficient and the static friction coefficient are different, the creep phenomenon exists at low speed, and the processing precision is influenced. Due to friction, the high-speed running cannot be realized, the heat generation is large, and the positioning precision is not high. However, the slide rail has high rigidity. The plastic guide rail has a small friction coefficient, and is the best one of the sliding guide rails.
The hydrostatic guide rail has small friction coefficient but large technical difficulty; high price and limited application occasions.
The friction coefficient of the rolling guide rail is small, and the rolling guide rail is applied more at present, but has the following defects:
(1) The rigidity is lower, and the bearing load is restricted, and big, heavy-duty lathe is difficult to use.
(2) The impact of the rolling body on the ball returning device is large at high speed, and the highest speed is limited. The rolling bodies have the gyro effect, and the gyro effect of the rolling bodies influences the speed change of the workbench at high speed, increases friction and influences the positioning precision of the workbench.
(3) The friction damping is very little when the workstation slows down the brake, can't balance the inertial force of workstation.
(4) The high-hardness material is needed to be manufactured, the processing precision is high, and the cost is high.
The guide rails have advantages and disadvantages, but are not ideal, the hydrostatic guide rail and the rolling guide rail are generated for reducing friction, although the friction coefficient is small, the friction damping is not generated, and the inertia force cannot be balanced during deceleration. If the guide rail is provided, no friction exists during movement, accurate deceleration damping can be provided during deceleration positioning, and the guide rail has enough rigidity, which is ideal. The friction of the guide rail is harmful during movement, but the friction of the guide rail is needed during deceleration and static, sometimes the friction is needed to be larger, and sometimes the friction is needed to be smaller.
Therefore, a device capable of intelligently controlling the positive pressure applied to the guide rail surface is needed, and the intelligent control of the magnitude and direction of the friction force on the guide rail is realized according to the friction requirement of the guide rail.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device for intelligently controlling positive pressure acting on a guide rail surface by adopting electromagnetic force, which can enable the positive pressure on the contact surface of a guide rail pair to be close to zero and eliminate the friction of the guide rail to the maximum extent. When the moving part needs damping during deceleration and positioning, the positive pressure of the guide rail can be intelligently and accurately adjusted, so that the moving part is accurately positioned and clamped. The purpose is as follows:
(1) The friction force of the guide rail kinematic pair can be intelligently controlled, and the minimum friction force can approach zero;
(2) When the workbench decelerates, accurate damping and clamping force can be provided for the kinematic pair according to the mass and the deceleration distance of the moving part;
(3) The guide rail keeps high rigidity, and the guide rail surface has enough rigidity under the working condition that the stress of the workbench changes;
(4) The feeding speed is improved;
(5) The positioning precision of the workbench is improved;
(6) The technical problems of the prior application of a rolling guide rail and a static pressure guide rail are solved;
(7) The machining precision and the feeding speed of the numerical control machine tool are improved, the service life of a machine tool guide rail is prolonged, and the cost is reduced.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a device for intelligently controlling positive pressure acted on a guide rail surface by adopting electromagnetic force comprises two groups of electromagnets, magnets, magnetic conduction plates, unloading plates and sensors;
the magnetic conduction plate and the unloading plate form a left closed magnetic field space and a right closed magnetic field space, and each magnetic field space can be provided with one magnetic field loop or two magnetic field loops; the two magnetic conduction plates are respectively fixed on the left side and the right side of the lathe bed, the two unloading plates are respectively fixed on the left side and the right side of the bearing workbench, and a magnetic field space formed between the magnetic conduction plate and the unloading plate on each side is used for placing an electromagnet and a magnet. And each group of magnetic field space has a group of electromagnetic loop structures, and the magnet is a permanent magnet or an electromagnet wound by a lead. The electromagnet is fixed on the unloading plate, the magnet is fixed on the magnetic conduction plate to form a magnetic field space, and the central lines of the magnetic lines of the electromagnet and the magnet on the same side are aligned; the magnetic lines of force of the left magnet and the right magnet are respectively parallel to the directions of the magnetic lines of force of the left electromagnet and the right electromagnet, and the central lines are aligned; the left electromagnet and the right electromagnet can be respectively electrified with positive and negative current to generate S or N pole magnetic force; and for each group of magnetic field space, two groups of electromagnetic loop structures are arranged, and the magnet is an electromagnet wound by a lead. The unloading plate is provided with a support arm, a space formed between the magnetic conduction plate and the unloading plate is divided into two parts, two groups of electromagnets are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the support arm, and the magnetic conduction plate arranged on the lathe bed is made of high magnetic conduction materials, so that an upper magnetic field space and a lower magnetic field space are formed independently. The two sensors are respectively arranged above the left and right movable guide rail surfaces, are positioned between the bearing workbench and the guide rail surfaces and are used for measuring positive pressure acting on the guide rail surfaces.
When the movable guide rail and the guide rail table are integrated, a bearing workbench is arranged on the guide rail table, and a sensor is arranged between the guide rail table and the bearing workbench.
When the guide rail is a closed guide rail, the device also comprises two pressing plates for providing reverse support.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention can realize the intelligent control of the positive pressure acting on the guide rail surface.
(2) The invention intelligently controls the positive pressure acted on the guide rail surface through the electromagnetic force, controls the size and the direction of the electromagnetic force through the numerical value of the sensor, and controls the positive pressure on the guide rail, thereby controlling the friction. When the guide rail does not need friction, the weight on the unloading workbench reduces the positive pressure on the surface of the guide rail and the friction force. If completely unloaded, the friction can be made small, even close to zero. When the bearing workbench is decelerated and positioned, the guide rail needs damping and friction, and the guide rail surface has friction with proper magnitude according to the inertia force of the moving part.
(3) The device has low requirement on the guide rail surface, simple structure and lower cost, and the movable guide rail surface and the fixed guide rail surface are kept in contact without generating suspension, thereby keeping the high rigidity of the guide rail.
(4) The invention can realize intelligent control of the friction force according to the friction requirement of the guide rail.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the apparatus of the present invention mounted on a guide, a bed, and a load-bearing table;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the device of the present invention.
In the figure: 1 a first platen; 2 a first electromagnet; 3 a first magnet; 4 a first magnetic conduction plate; 5a first unloading plate; 6 a first support guide surface; 7 a first sensor; 8 a first guide rail block; 9, a lathe bed; 10 carrying a worktable; 11 a drive device; 12 a second guide rail block; 13 a second support guide surface; 14 a second sensor; 15a second unloading plate; 16 grating ruler; 17 a second magnetic conductive plate; 18 a second magnet; 19 a second electromagnet; 20 a second platen; 5a first support arm; 15a second arm.
Detailed Description
The following further describes a specific embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings and technical solutions.
The structure of the device of the invention when being installed on the guide rail, the lathe bed and the bearing worktable is shown in figures 1 and 2. FIG. 1 is a magnetic field loop structure with one magnetic field loop structure in each magnetic field space, and the unloading plate has one installation surface below and parallel to the guide rail motion direction and one electromagnet with magnetic force line parallel to the positive pressure in the guide rail; the magnetic conduction plate is provided with an installation surface parallel to the motion direction of the guide rail, and the installation surface is provided with a permanent magnet or an electromagnet which forms a closed magnetic field loop with the electromagnet on the unloading plate. The magnetic force lines of the unloading plate are parallel and aligned with the magnetic force lines of the electromagnet on the unloading plate and are also parallel with the positive pressure on the guide rail surface. The device mainly comprises two groups of bilaterally symmetrical components, wherein the left component comprises a first electromagnet 2, a first magnet 3, a first magnetic conduction plate 4, a first unloading plate 5 and a first sensor 7; the right part comprises a second sensor 14, a second unloading plate 15, a second magnetic conduction plate 17, a second magnet 18 and a second electromagnet 19. The first electromagnet 2 and the second electromagnet 19 are fixed to the first unloading plate 5 and the second unloading plate 15, respectively. The first and second unloading plates 5 and 15 are fixed to the left and right sides of the loading table 10, respectively, and move together with the loading table 10. The first electromagnet 2 and the second electromagnet 19 can be respectively electrified with positive and negative currents to generate S or N pole magnetic force, the first magnet 3 and the second magnet 18 are permanent magnets or electromagnets and are respectively fixed on the first magnetic conduction plate 4 and the second magnetic conduction plate 17, the first magnetic conduction plate 4 and the second magnetic conduction plate 17 are respectively fixed on the left side and the right side of the lathe bed 9 and do not move, and the positioning surfaces of the first magnetic conduction plate 4 and the second magnetic conduction plate 17 are parallel to the guide surface and are used for bearing electromagnetic force. The magnetic force lines of the first magnet 3 and the second magnet 18 are respectively parallel to the magnetic force lines of the first electromagnet 2 and the second electromagnet 19, the central lines are aligned, and the magnetic force lines are perpendicular to the positive pressure component on the first support guide rail surface 6 and the second support guide rail surface 13The directions are parallel. The first electromagnet 2 and the second electromagnet 19 and the first magnet 3 and the second magnet 18 respectively form two closed electromagnetic loop spaces K 1 、K 2 And the magnetic force line does not leak. The first electromagnet 2 and the first magnet 3, and the second electromagnet 19 and the second magnet 18 may be attracted to each other or may be repelled from each other.
The first sensor 7 and the second sensor 14 for measuring pressure are arranged on the upper surfaces of the first guide rail block 8 and the second guide rail block 12, can measure the weight of the bearing workbench 10, and can send signals when the vertical component force applied to the workbench changes to control the current of the electromagnet coil, thereby controlling the positive pressure on the first support guide rail surface 6 and the second support guide rail surface 13. When the first rail block 8 and the second rail block 12 move, the positive pressure applied to the first support guide surface 6 and the second support guide surface 13 is made to approach zero. When the bearing workbench 10 is positioned in a deceleration way, reverse force is provided, friction force is increased, and deceleration damping is provided. The load table 10 provides clamping force when it needs to be stationary.
The first support guide surface 6 corresponding to the first guide block 8 and the second support guide surface 13 corresponding to the second guide block 12 may be a V-flat combination, a flat-flat combination or a V-V combination, and the V-shaped guide rail may also be convex. The driving device 11 is installed at the bottom of the carrying table 10, and can be a linear motor or a ball screw, and the grating ruler 16 is installed at the side of the bed 9 for measuring the moving distance of the carrying table 10.
Fig. 2 shows another structure, which is another arrangement form of controlling magnetic fields, and each group of magnetic field space can form two groups of upper and lower magnetic field loops, which can respectively generate electromagnetic forces in two different directions, i.e. upward and downward. The magnetic conduction plate is made of a material with small magnetic resistance. The plane is not provided with an electromagnet or a permanent magnet. The method comprises the following specific steps: the first magnet 3 and the second magnet 18 in fig. 2 are electromagnets, and use only its electromagnetic attraction force. The first unloading plate 5 and the second unloading plate 15 are respectively provided with a first supporting arm 5a and a second supporting arm 15a which are parallel to the motion direction of the guide rail, and the first electromagnet 2 and the first magnet 3 are respectively arranged on the lower surface and the upper surface of the first supporting arm 5 a; form an upper magnet and a lower magnet with the first magnetic conduction plate 4The direction of the electromagnetic force generated by the upper magnetic field loop is A, the direction of the electromagnetic force generated by the lower magnetic field loop is B, the electromagnetic force in the direction of A is used for unloading the positive pressure on the first support guide rail surface 6, and the electromagnetic force in the direction of B is used for increasing the positive pressure on the first support guide rail surface 6 to generate friction damping; a second magnet 18 and a second electromagnet 19 are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the second support arm 15a, and form an upper magnetic field loop and a lower magnetic field loop with the second magnetic conduction plate 17, and the direction of the electromagnetic force generated by the upper magnetic field loop is A 1 The direction of the electromagnetic force generated by the lower magnetic field loop is B 1 ，A 1 The directional electromagnetic force is to unload the positive pressure on the second support guide surface 13, B 1 The directional electromagnetic force is to increase the positive pressure on the second support guide surface 13 to generate frictional damping. The first electromagnet 2 and the first magnet 3 attached to the first unloading plate 5 and the second electromagnet 19 and the second magnet 18 attached to the second unloading plate 15 move together with the loading table 10. The first magnetic conduction plate 4 and the second magnetic conduction plate 17 are iron steel plates with good magnetic conduction materials, reasonable air gaps are reserved between the first magnetic conduction plate 4 and the second magnetic conduction plate 17 and the first electromagnet 2, the first magnet 3, the second magnet 18 and the second electromagnet 19, and the air gaps are loops of magnetic lines of force. The electromagnetic attraction force A, B, A can be controlled by controlling the current of the electromagnetic coils 1 、B 1 The size of (2). The amount of friction on the first support guide surface 6 and the second support guide surface 13 can thus be controlled.
In fig. 2, a first guide block 8 and a second guide block 12 are integrated with a guide table, which is numbered 8, and a carrying table 10 is further provided on the guide table, and a sensor is provided between the guide table and the carrying table.
For a closed guide rail, pressing plates should be provided, and the first pressing plate 1 and the second pressing plate 20 are respectively mounted on the first unloading plate 5 and the second unloading plate 15, and move together with the bearing table 10, and a gap of several hundredths of millimeters is left between the upper surface of the pressing plate and the lower surfaces of the first magnetic conduction plate 4 and the second magnetic conduction plate 17 fixed on the machine body 9. No platen is required for the open rail.
The required positive pressure Fn can be calculated according to the mass, the speed, the friction coefficient and the braking distance of the moving part. And the precise brake positioning can be carried out by controlling the size of Fn. The device can intelligently control whether the guide rail has friction or not and the friction force required during braking and positioning, and can improve the processing and positioning precision of the machine tool.
The working principle is as follows:
on the bearing workbench 10, the motion characteristics of the moving part in the moving process include an acceleration motion stage, a uniform motion stage and a deceleration positioning stage. The guide rail is required to have no friction in the acceleration motion stage and the uniform motion stage; and the guide rail is required to have accurate friction damping in the deceleration positioning stage. The deceleration distance is related to the feed interpolation speed. Each section of processing program comprises interpolation calculation, acceleration and deceleration processing and end point judgment calculation, and a deceleration distance S is given before the instruction end point is reached. Can be determined by the formula Fn = (mv) according to the deceleration distance S 2 ) And (2 muS) calculating the positive pressure Fn required by the guide rail, and controlling the current of coils in the first electromagnet 2, the first magnet 3, the second magnet 18 and the second electromagnet 19 according to the Fn value to enable the guide rail to generate accurate friction force and enable the workbench to be accurately decelerated and positioned.
According to the data measured by the first sensor 7 and the second sensor 14, a control value for controlling the current of the electromagnet can be obtained through computer processing, and the magnitude of the friction force on the first support guide surface 6 and the second support guide surface 13 is controlled.
In the multi-coordinate linkage numerical control machine tool, each coordinate direction is provided with a guide rail, when the multi-coordinate linkage is carried out, the guide rails in the plurality of coordinate directions are controlled to move according to a program, and each coordinate direction is provided with a terminal point distinguishing distance and a deceleration distance, so that the guide rails in each coordinate direction can be precisely decelerated and positioned.
The positioning precision of the guide rail is improved, so that the machining precision of a machine tool is improved; because the friction is close to zero when the guide rail moves, the feeding speed of the guide rail can be greatly improved, and the performance of the numerical control machine tool is improved.
Although the numerical control machining program has an acceleration/deceleration processing function, the problem that the inertial force is changed due to the mass change of the moving part is not considered, and the positioning accuracy is still influenced by the inertial force. The device can realize intelligent control of the friction of the guide rail and can further improve the positioning precision of the moving part.
Claims (3)
1. A device for intelligently controlling positive pressure acting on a guide rail surface by adopting electromagnetic force is characterized by comprising two groups of electromagnets, magnets, magnetic conductive plates, unloading plates and sensors; the guide rail is a sliding guide rail;
the magnetic conduction plate and the unloading plate form a left closed magnetic field space and a right closed magnetic field space, and each magnetic field space is provided with one or two groups of magnetic field loops; the two magnetic conduction plates are respectively fixed on the left side and the right side of the lathe bed, the two unloading plates are respectively fixed on the left side and the right side of the bearing workbench, and a magnetic field space formed between the magnetic conduction plate and the unloading plate on each side is used for placing an electromagnet and a magnet; the two sensors are respectively arranged above the left and right movable guide rail surfaces, are positioned between the bearing workbench and the guide rail surfaces and are used for measuring positive pressure acting on the guide rail surfaces;
each group of magnetic field space has a group of magnetic field loop structures, the electromagnet is fixed on the unloading plate, the magnet is fixed on the magnetic conduction plate to form a magnetic field space, and the magnetic force lines of the electromagnet and the magnet on the same side are aligned; the magnetic lines of force of the left magnet and the right magnet are respectively parallel to the directions of the magnetic lines of force of the left electromagnet and the right electromagnet, and the central lines are aligned; the left electromagnet and the right electromagnet are respectively electrified with positive and negative currents to generate S or N pole magnetic force; the magnet is a permanent magnet or an electromagnet wound by a lead;
for each group of magnetic field space, two groups of magnetic field loop structures are arranged, and the magnet is an electromagnet wound by a lead; the unloading plate is provided with a support arm, a space formed between the magnetic conduction plate and the unloading plate is divided into two parts, the upper surface and the lower surface of the support arm are respectively provided with a magnet and an electromagnet, the magnetic conduction plate arranged on the lathe bed is made of high magnetic conduction materials, so that an upper independent magnetic field space and a lower independent magnetic field space are formed, the positive pressure on the guide rail surface is unloaded by the electromagnetic force generated by the upper magnetic field loop, and the positive pressure on the guide rail surface is increased by the electromagnetic force generated by the lower magnetic field loop.
2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the guide rail is integrally formed with the guide rail table, and the guide rail table further has a supporting table thereon, and the sensor is installed between the guide rail table and the supporting table.
3. An apparatus for intelligently controlling positive pressure applied to a guide surface using electromagnetic force according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when the guide is a closed guide, the apparatus further comprises two pressing plates for providing reverse support.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111620256.9A CN114352637B (en) | 2021-12-28 | 2021-12-28 | Device for intelligently controlling positive pressure acting on guide rail surface by adopting electromagnetic force |
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| CN202111620256.9A CN114352637B (en) | 2021-12-28 | 2021-12-28 | Device for intelligently controlling positive pressure acting on guide rail surface by adopting electromagnetic force |
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| CN114352637A CN114352637A (en) | 2022-04-15 |
| CN114352637B true CN114352637B (en) | 2022-12-20 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH527379A (en) * | 1971-02-10 | 1972-08-31 | Maag Zahnraeder & Maschinen Ag | Device on slide bearings to relieve the slideways |
| JPH01306140A (en) * | 1988-05-31 | 1989-12-11 | Brother Ind Ltd | Guiding structure |
| CN1548270A (en) * | 2003-05-14 | 2004-11-24 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Guide rail for processing machine |
| CN1852019A (en) * | 2006-04-12 | 2006-10-25 | 合肥工业大学 | High-precision low-friction magnetic suspension sliding composite guid rail |
| CN101024270A (en) * | 2006-12-12 | 2007-08-29 | 大连交通大学 | Numerical-control machine tool magnetic suspension linear feeding system |
-
2021
- 2021-12-28 CN CN202111620256.9A patent/CN114352637B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH527379A (en) * | 1971-02-10 | 1972-08-31 | Maag Zahnraeder & Maschinen Ag | Device on slide bearings to relieve the slideways |
| JPH01306140A (en) * | 1988-05-31 | 1989-12-11 | Brother Ind Ltd | Guiding structure |
| CN1548270A (en) * | 2003-05-14 | 2004-11-24 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Guide rail for processing machine |
| CN1852019A (en) * | 2006-04-12 | 2006-10-25 | 合肥工业大学 | High-precision low-friction magnetic suspension sliding composite guid rail |
| CN101024270A (en) * | 2006-12-12 | 2007-08-29 | 大连交通大学 | Numerical-control machine tool magnetic suspension linear feeding system |
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| CN114352637A (en) | 2022-04-15 |
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