CN114352367A - Compound combined supply system based on natural gas reforming hydrogen production and fuel cell - Google Patents
Compound combined supply system based on natural gas reforming hydrogen production and fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite combined supply system based on natural gas reforming hydrogen production and a fuel cell, which comprises a natural gas hydrogen production system, an absorption refrigeration system, a Brayton cycle system, a fuel cell, an organic Rankine cycle system and an energy supply system. The natural gas hydrogen production system takes natural gas as a raw material to prepare hydrogen through reforming by a heat source provided by a Brayton cycle; the absorption refrigeration system is driven by a part of heat sources provided by a Brayton cycle, the cold energy required by condensation is provided by an organic Rankine cycle, and the absorption refrigeration system is responsible for cooling of users; the Brayton cycle system supplies energy by burning natural gas, wherein one part of the Brayton cycle system is used for reforming hydrogen and the other part of the Brayton cycle system applies work to the gas turbine, and tail gas after applying work is used for preheating inlet gas of the fuel cell and serving as a heat source of the organic Rankine cycle in sequence; the fuel cell takes natural gas as a raw material to carry out reaction power generation, and the generated waste gas continues to supply heat to users after driving the organic Rankine cycle to operate. Flexibly realizes the combined supply of cold, heat, electricity and hydrogen, and achieves the aims of energy conservation and emission reduction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an energy utilization technology, in particular to a composite combined supply system based on natural gas reforming hydrogen production and a fuel cell.
Background
The energy is a cornerstone for human survival and development, and nowadays when the economic society develops rapidly, fossil energy cannot meet the requirement of green clean development, and the fossil energy is used as non-renewable energy, and the increasing exhaustion of the fossil energy prompts people to find a substitute thereof. Among the energy sources, hydrogen energy is gradually being noticed and appreciated.
The hydrogen energy has the advantages of wide source, cleanness, environmental protection, high efficiency, flexibility, wide application range and the like. In China, the application of hydrogen energy in the industrial field is mature, but in the long run, the traditional industrial hydrogen production method has certain thermal pollution and incomplete waste heat recovery. Meanwhile, the potential of hydrogen energy in the fields of power generation, energy storage and the like can be exploited, and the hydrogen energy can be effectively applied to the energy industry.
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC), belonging to the third generation Fuel cells, are all-Solid-state chemical power generation devices that directly convert chemical energy stored in Fuel and oxidant into electrical energy at medium and high temperatures with high efficiency and environmental friendliness. Meanwhile, the working temperature of the waste gas preheating device can reach 900-1300K, long-time preheating is needed, and a large amount of waste gas and waste heat are generated, so that the waste gas preheating device is needed to be improved.
The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is a Rankine cycle taking low-boiling point organic matters as a cycle working medium, is a key technology in the field of waste heat utilization, and can convert waste heat discharged by an energy system into high-grade electric energy, so that the overall utilization efficiency of energy is improved. Meanwhile, the absorption refrigeration is nontoxic and environment-friendly, can be driven by a heat source with low temperature for refrigeration, and is particularly suitable for recovering waste heat of medium and low temperature.
In summary, how to improve the defects of the conventional hydrogen production method and the solid oxide fuel cell, and to adopt an efficient waste heat recovery technology to realize efficient utilization of energy through a way of diversified conversion and output of energy is a problem to be solved in the field.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a combined supply system based on natural gas reforming hydrogen production and a fuel cell, which aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a composite combined supply system based on natural gas reforming hydrogen production and a fuel cell, which comprises a natural gas hydrogen production system, an absorption refrigeration system, a Brayton cycle system, a fuel cell, an organic Rankine cycle system and an energy supply system;
the natural gas hydrogen production system comprises a natural gas storage tank 21, a desulfurization tank 11, a water storage tank 5, a gas compressor 1, a reforming reactor 2, a steam generator 3, a conversion reactor 4, a heat regenerator 6, a hydrogen separator 7 and a hydrogen storage tank 8;
an outlet of the natural gas storage tank 21 is connected with an inlet of the desulfurizing tank 11, an outlet of the desulfurizing tank 11 is connected with an inlet of the gas compressor 1, an outlet of the gas compressor 1 is connected with an inlet of the reforming reactor 2, an outlet of the reforming reactor 2 is connected with a hot end inlet of the water vapor generator 3, an outlet of the hot end of the water vapor generator 3 is connected with a feed inlet of the conversion reactor 4, a discharge port of the conversion reactor 4 is connected with a hot end inlet of the heat regenerator 6, a hot end outlet of the heat regenerator 6 is connected with a feed inlet of the hydrogen separator 6, and a hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen separator 6 is connected with the hydrogen storage tank;
the water storage tank 5 is connected with the cold inlet of the water vapor generator 3, and the water vapor inlet of the reforming reactor 2 and the water vapor inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell 29 are simultaneously connected with the cold outlet of the water vapor generator 3.
Compared with the prior art, the combined supply system based on the hydrogen production by reforming the natural gas and the fuel cell can save energy, reduce the pollution to the environment and realize diversified output and efficient utilization of the energy.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a combined co-generation system based on natural gas reforming hydrogen production and a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the reference numbers in the figures are:
the system comprises a compressor 1, a reforming reactor 2, a water vapor generator 3, a shift reactor 4, a water storage tank 5, a heat regenerator 6, a hydrogen separator 7, a hydrogen storage tank 8, a condenser 9, a generator 10, a desulfurization tank 11, a combustor 12, a solution heat exchanger 13, an absorber 14, a throttle valve 15, an evaporator 16, a user 17, a gas turbine 18, a generator 19, an air compressor 20, a natural gas storage tank 21, a fuel-air preheater 22, a generator 23, a turbine 24, a condenser 25, an intermediate temperature tail gas regenerator 26, a liquid collector 27, a liquid separator 28, a solid oxide fuel cell 29, a storage battery 30, a high temperature tail gas heat regenerator 31 and a booster pump 32.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described below by combining the attached drawings in the embodiment of the invention; it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and are not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The terms that may be used herein are first described as follows:
the term "and/or" means that either or both can be achieved, for example, X and/or Y means that both cases include "X" or "Y" as well as three cases including "X and Y".
The terms "comprising," "including," "containing," "having," or other similar terms of meaning should be construed as non-exclusive inclusions. For example: including a feature (e.g., material, component, ingredient, carrier, formulation, material, dimension, part, component, mechanism, device, process, procedure, method, reaction condition, processing condition, parameter, algorithm, signal, data, product, or article of manufacture), is to be construed as including not only the particular feature explicitly listed but also other features not explicitly listed as such which are known in the art.
The term "consisting of … …" is meant to exclude any technical feature elements not explicitly listed. If used in a claim, the term shall render the claim closed except for the inclusion of the technical features that are expressly listed except for the conventional impurities associated therewith. If the term occurs in only one clause of the claims, it is defined only to the elements explicitly recited in that clause, and elements recited in other clauses are not excluded from the overall claims.
Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "secured," etc., are to be construed broadly, as for example: can be fixedly connected, can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms herein can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
When concentrations, temperatures, pressures, dimensions, or other parameters are expressed as ranges of values, the ranges are to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of upper, lower, and preferred values within the range, regardless of whether ranges are explicitly recited; for example, if a numerical range of "2 ~ 8" is recited, then the numerical range should be interpreted to include ranges of "2 ~ 7", "2 ~ 6", "5 ~ 7", "3 ~ 4 and 6 ~ 7", "3 ~ 5 and 7", "2 and 5 ~ 7", and the like. Unless otherwise indicated, the numerical ranges recited herein include both the endpoints thereof and all integers and fractions within the numerical range.
The terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," and the like are used in an orientation or positional relationship that is indicated based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings for ease of description and simplicity of description only, and are not intended to imply or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting herein.
Details which are not described in detail in the embodiments of the invention belong to the prior art which is known to the person skilled in the art. Those not specifically mentioned in the examples of the present invention were carried out according to the conventional conditions in the art or conditions suggested by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used in the examples of the present invention are not specified by manufacturers, and are all conventional products available by commercial purchase.
The invention discloses a composite combined supply system based on natural gas reforming hydrogen production and a fuel cell, which comprises a natural gas hydrogen production system, an absorption refrigeration system, a Brayton cycle system, a fuel cell, an organic Rankine cycle system and an energy supply system;
the natural gas hydrogen production system comprises a natural gas storage tank 21, a desulfurization tank 11, a water storage tank 5, a gas compressor 1, a reforming reactor 2, a steam generator 3, a conversion reactor 4, a heat regenerator 6, a hydrogen separator 7 and a hydrogen storage tank 8;
an outlet of the natural gas storage tank 21 is connected with an inlet of the desulfurizing tank 11, an outlet of the desulfurizing tank 11 is connected with an inlet of the gas compressor 1, an outlet of the gas compressor 1 is connected with an inlet of the reforming reactor 2, an outlet of the reforming reactor 2 is connected with a hot end inlet of the water vapor generator 3, an outlet of the hot end of the water vapor generator 3 is connected with a feed inlet of the conversion reactor 4, a discharge port of the conversion reactor 4 is connected with a hot end inlet of the heat regenerator 6, a hot end outlet of the heat regenerator 6 is connected with a feed inlet of the hydrogen separator 6, and a hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen separator 6 is connected with the hydrogen storage tank;
the water storage tank 5 is connected with the cold inlet of the water vapor generator 3, and the water vapor inlet of the reforming reactor 2 and the water vapor inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell 29 are simultaneously connected with the cold outlet of the water vapor generator 3.
The absorption refrigeration cycle system comprises an absorber 14, a solution heat exchanger 13, a generator 10, a condenser 9, a solution stop valve 15 and an evaporator 16 which are sequentially connected and form a cycle;
the solution used was lithium bromide.
The Brayton cycle system comprises an air compressor 20, a combustor 12, a gas turbine 18 and a generator 19 which are connected in sequence, and tail gas from the other outlet of the combustor 12 is exhausted after passing through the reforming reactor 2, the conversion reactor 4 and the generator 10 in sequence;
the air compressor 20 and the gas turbine 18 are arranged coaxially.
The fuel cell comprises a fuel-air preheater 22, a solid oxide fuel cell 29 and a storage battery 30 which are connected in sequence;
the fuel line of the fuel-air preheater 22 and the gas turbine exhaust line are bypassed.
The organic Rankine cycle system comprises a high-temperature tail gas heat regenerator 31, a liquid separator 28, a steam turbine 24, a condenser 25, a liquid collector 27 and a booster pump 32 which are sequentially connected and form a cycle;
the liquid phase outlet of the liquid separator 28 is connected with the liquid collector 27;
the other outlet of the condenser 25 is connected with the other inlets of the absorber 14, the condenser 9, the low-temperature tail gas regenerator 26 and the liquid collector 27 in sequence;
and recovering waste heat in the fuel cell waste gas and the tail gas of the gas turbine by adopting butane, pentane or R123 organic working medium.
The power system includes a power cycle that provides cold and heat energy to the user 17.
The reforming reactor 2 mainly carries out a chemical reaction process of generating carbon monoxide and hydrogen by the reaction of methane and water, and the temperature required by the reaction is 1000K to 1200K;
the conversion reactor 4 is used for carrying out a chemical reaction process of generating hydrogen and carbon dioxide by reacting carbon monoxide and water, and the temperature range required by the reaction is 470-820K.
The fuel-air preheater 22 adopts a three-channel heat exchanger, high-temperature tail gas of the gas turbine flows through a hot-end channel, and natural gas and air to be preheated flow through two cold-end channels respectively;
the medium-temperature tail gas heat regenerator 26 adopts a three-channel heat exchanger, wherein two hot end channels are respectively used for running medium-temperature tail gas of the gas turbine and condensed working medium of the absorption refrigeration system which returns, and a cold end channel is used for supplying heat and returning water.
The compressor 1 and the air compressor 20 are centrifugal high-speed compressors with low compression ratio;
the turbine 24 adopts an axial-flow turbine which is resistant to high-temperature stress and has high rotating speed; the gas turbine 18 is a combined cycle gas turbine;
the water vapor generator 3 adopts a high-temperature and high-pressure resistant shell-and-tube heat exchanger;
the condenser 25, the high-temperature tail gas heat regenerator 31 and the heat regenerator 6 adopt plate heat exchangers resistant to high temperature and high pressure.
The operation of the whole system is divided into three parts:
the first part is that the natural gas from the outlet of a natural gas storage tank 11 is compressed by an air compressor 1, and then the compressed natural gas and the liquid water from a water storage tank 5 are heated by a steam generator 3 to become steam which sequentially enters a reforming reactor 2 and a conversion reactor 4 to react, the hydrogen generated by the reaction is sent to a hydrogen storage tank 5 by a hydrogen separator 7, the residual product is reheated by a heat regenerator 6 and then sent back to a burner to be continuously burnt, the natural gas from the outlet two of the natural gas storage tank 11 and the air compressed by the air compressor 20 are introduced into the combustor 12 together to be combusted to release heat, one strand of the tail gas of the combustor sequentially passes through the reforming reactor 2 and the conversion reactor 4 to provide heat required by the hydrogen production by reforming natural gas, and the rest heat is used for heating the generator 10 to drive the absorption refrigeration system to operate, so that the hydrogen production and the cooling of the whole system are realized by the operation of the first part;
the second part is that the other part of the tail gas of the combustor is introduced into the gas turbine 18 to do work, the tail gas of the high-temperature gas turbine after doing work releases a part of heat through a hot end channel of the fuel-air preheater 22, and then is introduced into the high-temperature tail gas heat regenerator 31 to release a large amount of heat to drive the operation of the organic Rankine cycle to generate power, and finally the waste heat is recovered by the intermediate-temperature tail gas heat regenerator 26 to supply heat to users and then is exhausted, one part of the organic working medium after the condensation of the organic Rankine cycle is sent to the absorption refrigeration system and sequentially passes through the absorber 14 and the condenser 9 to be used as an auxiliary condensation working medium to be subjected to auxiliary condensation and then returns to the liquid collector, and the operation of the second part realizes the heat supply and the power generation of the whole system;
the third part is that the natural gas and the air from the outlet three of the natural gas storage tank 11 enter the solid oxide fuel cell 29 through the fuel-air preheater to react, the generated electric energy is stored in the storage battery 30, and the generated high-temperature waste gas is mixed with the high-temperature tail gas of the gas turbine and then sequentially releases heat in the high-temperature tail gas heat regenerator 31 and the medium-temperature tail gas heat regenerator 26 to provide a heat source for organic Rankine cycle and users, and the third part realizes the storage of the electric energy.
In summary, the combined supply system based on natural gas reforming hydrogen production and fuel cells of the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention improves the traditional method for preparing hydrogen by reforming natural gas, and more thoroughly recovers the waste heat generated in the production process by a method for utilizing energy in a graded manner, reduces the thermal pollution and improves the energy utilization rate.
2. The invention can realize combined supply of cold, heat, electricity and hydrogen, and can flexibly supply energy by adjusting the consumption of natural gas according to the load change of users, thereby realizing high-efficiency coupling of energy.
3. The flexibility and the applicability of the system are improved due to the modular design of each subsystem, and the hydrogen production by reforming the natural gas does not generate any toxic and harmful gas, so that the energy conservation and environmental protection of the system are fully embodied.
In order to more clearly show the technical solutions and the technical effects provided by the present invention, the following detailed description is provided for the embodiments of the present invention with specific embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the combined supply system based on hydrogen production by reforming natural gas and a fuel cell comprises a natural gas hydrogen production system, an absorption refrigeration system, a brayton cycle system, a fuel cell, an organic rankine cycle system and an energy supply system, wherein the natural gas hydrogen production system is responsible for hydrogen energy output of the whole system, the brayton cycle system and the organic rankine cycle system are responsible for electric energy output of the whole system, the fuel cell is responsible for electric energy storage of the whole system, and the energy supply system is an energy supply loop between the system and a user.
As a preferred example of the invention, the natural gas hydrogen production system comprises a natural gas storage tank 21, a desulfurization tank 11, a water storage tank 5, a compressor 1, a reforming reactor 2, a water vapor generator 3, a conversion reactor 4, a heat regenerator 6, a hydrogen separator 7 and a hydrogen storage tank 8; an outlet of a natural gas storage tank 21 is connected with an inlet of a desulfurizing tank 11, an outlet of the desulfurizing tank 11 is connected with an inlet of a gas compressor 1, an outlet of the gas compressor 1 is connected with an inlet of a reforming reactor 2, an outlet of the reforming reactor 2 is connected with a hot end inlet of a water vapor generator 3, an outlet of the hot end of the water vapor generator 3 is connected with a feed inlet of a conversion reactor 4, a discharge port of the conversion reactor 4 is connected with a hot end inlet of a heat regenerator 6, a hot end outlet of the heat regenerator 6 is connected with a feed inlet of a hydrogen separator 6, and a hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen separator 6 is connected with a hydrogen storage tank; the water storage tank 5 is connected with the cold inlet of the water vapor generator 3, and the water vapor inlet of the reforming reactor 2 and the water vapor inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell 29 are simultaneously connected with the cold outlet of the water vapor generator 3.
As a preferred example of the present invention, the solution used in the absorption refrigeration cycle system is lithium bromide; the system comprises an absorber 14, a solution heat exchanger 13, a generator 10, a condenser 9, a solution stop valve 15 and an evaporator 16 which are sequentially connected and form a cycle.
As a preferred example of the invention, the Brayton cycle system comprises an air compressor 20, a combustor 12, a gas turbine 18 and a generator 19 which are connected in sequence, and tail gas from the other outlet of the combustor 12 is exhausted after passing through a reforming reactor 2, a conversion reactor 4 and a generator 10 in sequence; the air compressor 20 and the gas turbine 18 are arranged coaxially.
As a preferred example of the invention, the organic Rankine cycle system recovers the waste heat in the fuel cell exhaust gas and the tail gas of the gas turbine by using organic working substances such as butane, pentane, R123 and the like; the system comprises a high-temperature tail gas heat regenerator 31, a liquid separator 28, a steam turbine 24, a condenser 25, a liquid collector 27 and a booster pump 32 which are sequentially connected and form a cycle; the liquid phase outlet of the liquid separator 28 is connected with the liquid collector 27; the other outlet of the condenser 25 is connected with the other inlets of the absorber 14, the condenser 9, the low-temperature tail gas regenerator 26 and the liquid collector 27 in sequence. The exhaust steam from the steam turbine 24 enters the condenser 25 for condensation, one part of the condensed working medium enters the liquid collector 27, the other part of the condensed working medium enters the absorption refrigeration system for auxiliary condensation and then returns to the liquid collector 27, the liquid-phase working medium in the liquid collector 27 is heated by the high-temperature tail gas heat regenerator 31 to become a high-temperature high-pressure steam-liquid mixture, the liquid-phase working medium is separated by the liquid separator 28 and then is sent to the liquid collector 27, and the gas-phase working medium enters the steam turbine 24 to drive the motor 23 to do work for power generation, so that the mechanical energy is converted into electric energy.
As a preferred example of the present invention, the hydrogen separator 7 employs a Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) technology, the strength of separating hydrogen can be adjusted as required, and when the combustor 12 needs to provide a large amount of heat, the strength of the hydrogen separator 31 can be reduced, so as to increase the solubility of hydrogen returning to the combustor 12, and further improve the power of the combustor 12 through weather hydrogen-doped combustion.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a fuel-air preheater 22 is disposed between the natural gas storage tank 21 and the solid oxide fuel cell 29, and a bypass is disposed therebetween, so that the solid oxide fuel cell 29 can preheat natural gas and air before introducing the natural gas and air into the solid oxide fuel cell 29 for reaction during startup, thereby greatly reducing startup time, and the bypass can be opened to bypass natural gas and gas turbine exhaust when fuel and air preheating is not required after startup.
As a preferred example of the present invention, the absorption refrigeration system includes a refrigerant water cycle and a solution cycle; wherein the main process of the agent water circulation is as follows: the lithium bromide solution in the generator 10 is heated and the solvent water is vaporized. Then the water vapor enters the condenser 9 after the vaporization process to carry out the condensation process. The throttling depressurization process then takes place in the throttle valve 15. Finally, the high-temperature low-pressure water vapor enters an absorber 14 to carry out an absorption process; the main process of solution circulation is as follows: the solution in the generator 10 is evaporated, the solution is changed from a dilute solution to a high-temperature concentrated solution, the high-temperature solution enters a solution heat exchanger 13 throttling valve and is depressurized into an absorber 14 for absorbing refrigerant vapor from an evaporator 16, the concentrated solution is changed into a dilute solution, the temperature is reduced, the dilute solution is pumped into the solution heat exchanger 13 by a solution circulating pump to exchange heat with the high-temperature concentrated solution, and then the dilute solution is conveyed into the generator 10. Thus, the process of reciprocating the lithium bromide solution is performed.
As a preferred example of the present invention, the operation of the whole system is mainly divided into three parts: the first part is that the natural gas from the outlet of a natural gas storage tank 11 is compressed by an air compressor 1, and then the compressed natural gas and the liquid water from a water storage tank 5 are heated by a steam generator 3 to become steam which sequentially enters a reforming reactor 2 and a conversion reactor 4 to react, the hydrogen generated by the reaction is sent to a hydrogen storage tank 5 by a hydrogen separator 7, the residual product is reheated by a heat regenerator 6 and then sent back to a burner to be continuously burnt, the natural gas from the outlet two of the natural gas storage tank 11 and the air compressed by the air compressor 20 are introduced into the combustor 12 together to be combusted to release heat, one strand of the tail gas of the combustor sequentially passes through the reforming reactor 2 and the conversion reactor 4 to provide heat required by the hydrogen production by reforming natural gas, and the rest heat can also be used for heating the generator 10 to drive the absorption refrigeration system to operate, and the operation of the first part realizes the hydrogen production and cooling of the whole system; the second part is that the other part of the tail gas of the combustor is introduced into the gas turbine 18 to do work, the tail gas of the high-temperature gas turbine after doing work releases a part of heat through a hot end channel of the fuel-air preheater 22, and then is introduced into the high-temperature tail gas heat regenerator 31 to release a large amount of heat to drive the operation of the organic Rankine cycle to generate power, and finally the waste heat is recovered by the intermediate-temperature tail gas heat regenerator 26 to supply heat to users and then is exhausted, one part of the organic working medium after the condensation of the organic Rankine cycle is sent to the absorption refrigeration system and sequentially passes through the absorber 14 and the condenser 9 to be used as an auxiliary condensation working medium to be subjected to auxiliary condensation and then returns to the liquid collector, and the operation of the second part realizes the heat supply and the power generation of the whole system; the third part is that the natural gas and the air from the outlet three of the natural gas storage tank 11 enter the solid oxide fuel cell 29 through the fuel-air preheater to react, the generated electric energy is stored in the storage battery 30, and the generated high-temperature waste gas is mixed with the high-temperature tail gas of the gas turbine and then sequentially releases heat in the high-temperature tail gas heat regenerator 31 and the medium-temperature tail gas heat regenerator 26 to provide a heat source for organic Rankine cycle and users, and the third part realizes the storage of the electric energy.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims. The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A composite combined supply system based on natural gas reforming hydrogen production and a fuel cell is characterized by comprising a natural gas hydrogen production system, an absorption refrigeration system, a Brayton cycle system, a fuel cell, an organic Rankine cycle system and an energy supply system;
the natural gas hydrogen production system comprises a natural gas storage tank (21), a desulfurizing tank (11), a water storage tank (5), a gas compressor (1), a reforming reactor (2), a water vapor generator (3), a conversion reactor (4), a heat regenerator (6), a hydrogen separator (7) and a hydrogen storage tank (8);
an outlet of the natural gas storage tank (21) is connected with an inlet of the desulfurizing tank (11), an outlet of the desulfurizing tank (11) is connected with an inlet of the gas compressor (1), an outlet of the gas compressor (1) is connected with an inlet of the reforming reactor (2), an outlet of the reforming reactor (2) is connected with a hot end inlet of the water vapor generator (3), an outlet of the hot end of the water vapor generator (3) is connected with a feed inlet of the conversion reactor (4), a discharge outlet of the conversion reactor (4) is connected with a hot end inlet of the heat regenerator (6), a hot end outlet of the heat regenerator (6) is connected with a feed inlet of the hydrogen separator (6), and a hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen separator (6) is connected with the hydrogen storage tank;
the water storage tank (5) is connected with a cold end inlet of the water vapor generator (3), and a water vapor inlet of the reforming reactor (2) and a water vapor inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell (29) are simultaneously connected with a cold end outlet of the water vapor generator (3).
2. The combined supply system based on natural gas reforming hydrogen production and fuel cells as claimed in claim 1, wherein the absorption refrigeration cycle system comprises an absorber (14), a solution heat exchanger (13), a generator (10), a condenser (9), a solution stop valve (15) and an evaporator (16) which are sequentially connected and form a cycle;
the solution used was lithium bromide.
3. The combined supply system for hydrogen production and fuel cells based on natural gas reforming as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the brayton cycle system comprises an air compressor (20), a combustor (12), a gas turbine (18) and a generator (19) which are connected in sequence, and tail gas from the other outlet of the combustor (12) is exhausted after passing through the reforming reactor (2), the shift reactor (4) and the generator (10) in sequence;
the air compressor (20) and the gas turbine (18) are arranged coaxially.
4. The combined co-generation system based on natural gas reforming hydrogen production and fuel cells as claimed in claim 3, wherein the fuel cell comprises a fuel-air preheater (22), a solid oxide fuel cell (29) and a storage battery (30) which are connected in sequence;
the fuel line of the fuel-air preheater (22) and the gas turbine tail gas line are provided with a bypass.
5. The combined supply system for hydrogen production and fuel cells based on natural gas reforming as set forth in claim 4, wherein the organic Rankine cycle system comprises a high-temperature exhaust gas heat regenerator (31), a liquid separator (28), a steam turbine (24), a condenser (25), a liquid collector (27) and a booster pump (32) which are connected in sequence to form one cycle;
the liquid phase outlet of the liquid distributor (28) is connected with the liquid collector (27);
the other outlet of the condenser (25) is sequentially connected with the other inlets of the absorber (14), the condenser (9), the low-temperature tail gas regenerator (26) and the liquid collector (27);
and recovering waste heat in the fuel cell waste gas and the tail gas of the gas turbine by adopting butane, pentane or R123 organic working medium.
6. The combined cogeneration system for hydrogen production and fuel cell based on natural gas reforming as claimed in claim 5, wherein said energy supply system comprises an energy supply cycle for supplying cold energy and heat energy to the user (17).
7. The combined supply system for hydrogen production and fuel cells based on natural gas reforming as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the reforming reactor (2) mainly carries out a chemical reaction process for generating carbon monoxide and hydrogen by the reaction of methane and water, and the temperature required by the reaction is 1000K to 1200K;
and a chemical reaction process of generating hydrogen and carbon dioxide by reacting carbon monoxide and water is carried out in the conversion reactor (4), and the temperature range required by the reaction is 470-820K.
8. The combined supply system for hydrogen production and fuel cells based on natural gas reforming as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the fuel-air preheater (22) adopts a three-channel heat exchanger, a hot-end channel is used for passing high-temperature tail gas of a gas turbine, and two cold-end channels are respectively used for passing natural gas and air to be preheated;
the medium-temperature tail gas heat regenerator (26) adopts a three-channel heat exchanger, wherein two hot end channels are respectively used for feeding medium-temperature tail gas of the gas turbine and condensed working medium of the absorption refrigeration system which returns, and the cold end channel is used for feeding heat and returning water.
9. The combined supply system for hydrogen production and fuel cell based on natural gas reforming as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the compressor (1) and the air compressor (20) are low-pressure centrifugal high-speed compressors;
the steam turbine (24) adopts an axial flow type turbine which is resistant to high temperature stress and has high rotating speed; the gas turbine (18) adopts a combined cycle gas turbine;
the water vapor generator (3) adopts a high-temperature and high-pressure resistant shell-and-tube heat exchanger;
the condenser (25), the high-temperature tail gas heat regenerator (31) and the heat regenerator (6) adopt plate heat exchangers resistant to high temperature and high pressure.
10. The combined supply system for hydrogen production and fuel cells based on natural gas reforming as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the operation of the whole system is divided into three parts:
the first part is that natural gas from the first outlet of a natural gas storage tank (11) is compressed by an air compressor (1), and then the compressed natural gas and liquid water from a water storage tank (5) are heated by a steam generator (3) to become steam, and the steam enters a reforming reactor (2) and a conversion reactor (4) in sequence to react, hydrogen generated by the reaction is sent to a hydrogen storage tank (5) by a hydrogen separator (7), residual products are sent to a combustor for continuous combustion after being reheated by a regenerator (6), natural gas from the second outlet of the natural gas storage tank (11) and air compressed by an air compressor (20) are introduced into the combustor (12) together to be combusted to release heat, wherein one strand of tail gas of the combustor sequentially passes through the reforming reactor (2) and the conversion reactor (4) to provide heat required by reforming of the natural gas to prepare hydrogen, and then the rest heat is used for heating the generator (10) to drive an absorption refrigeration system to operate, the operation of the first part realizes hydrogen production and cold supply of the whole system;
the second part is that the other part of the tail gas of the combustor is introduced into a gas turbine (18) to do work, the tail gas of the high-temperature gas turbine after doing work releases a part of heat through a hot end channel of a fuel-air preheater (22), and then is introduced into a high-temperature tail gas heat regenerator (31) to release a large amount of heat to drive the operation power generation of the organic Rankine cycle, finally, the waste heat is recovered by a medium-temperature tail gas heat regenerator (26) to supply heat for users and then is exhausted, one part of the organic working medium after the condensation of the organic Rankine cycle is sent to an absorption refrigeration system and then returns to a liquid collector after passing through an absorber (14) and a condenser (9) in sequence to be used as an auxiliary condensing working medium to perform auxiliary condensation, and the operation of the second part realizes the heat supply and the power generation of the whole system;
the third part is that the natural gas and the air from the outlet III of the natural gas storage tank (11) enter the solid oxide fuel cell (29) through the fuel-air preheater to react, the generated electric energy is stored in the storage battery (30), and the generated high-temperature waste gas is mixed with the high-temperature tail gas of the gas turbine to release heat in the high-temperature tail gas regenerator (31) and the medium-temperature tail gas regenerator (26) in sequence, so that a heat source is provided for organic Rankine cycle and users, and the third part realizes the storage of the electric energy.
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| CN115614121A (en) * | 2022-09-05 | 2023-01-17 | 浙江大学嘉兴研究院 | Hydrogen-based cold, heat and electricity triple supplies energy storage system |
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