CN114352063A - Construction process for protecting and repairing ancient building woodcarving component - Google Patents
Construction process for protecting and repairing ancient building woodcarving component Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a construction process for protecting and repairing a woodcarving component of an ancient building, which belongs to the technical field of repairing decorations of the ancient buildings and comprises the following steps: on-site investigation and photographic recording before repair; primarily cleaning the surface; pre-reinforcing and protecting the fragile part of the original paint layer; surface descaling; antisepsis and disinsection; reinforcing; repairing the defective part; painting; gold pasting; and (5) maintaining. The method can effectively reduce the occurrence of the damage phenomenon of the wood carving component in the repairing process, can completely repair the wood carving component of the historic building, and achieves the purpose of protecting the cultural relic building; under the principle of not changing the original state of the wood carving component, the restoration of the wood carving component is intervened to the minimum degree, the historical value, the cultural value and the artistic value of the wood carving artistic decorative component of the historic building are protected, and the method has wide popularization and application prospects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ancient building ornament repairing, in particular to a construction process for protecting and repairing a woodcarving component of an ancient building.
Background
The wood carving art has a long history in China, and the wood carving is used for decorating the ancient buildings, so that the ancient buildings have simple, elegant, magnificent and luxurious styles, and the unique decoration effect of the wood carving art in the ancient buildings is displayed.
The wood carving artistic component of the wood carving component ancient building is eroded by wind and rain, is repaired over the years and is damaged artificially, so that many exquisite statues are completely invisible, even are natural and have no existence. At present, the repairing work of the woodcarving is mainly judged and repaired by the experience of old generation personnel, and the repairing degree of the woodcarving is uneven by the personnel with different experiences.
Aiming at the related technologies, the inventor thinks that people with different experiences mainly rely on own experiences to judge in the process of repairing the woodcarving, so that the woodcarving of the original ancient building is easy to corrode and destroy to a certain extent, the ancient building loses the originality, and the value protection and later-stage research and utilization of the ancient building are not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to help the complete restoration wood carving, reduce the emergence of the impaired phenomenon of wood carving in the repair process, this application provides an ancient building wood carving component protection restoration construction technology.
The application provides a protection and repair construction process for ancient building woodcarving component adopts following technical scheme: a construction process for protecting and repairing a wood carving component of an ancient building comprises the following steps:
s1, field investigation and photographic record before repair;
s2, primarily cleaning the surface of the woodcarving component;
s3, pre-reinforcing and protecting the fragile part of the original paint layer: when the damage degree of the part which is partially peeled, warped and cracked is less than 2/3, softening the part which is partially peeled, warped and cracked, then pasting the Japanese paper or the kraft rice paper on the fragile part through a reversible adhesive, permeating and reinforcing the fragile part by using acrylic resin emulsion, and simultaneously pasting the fragile part or the kraft rice paper by applying pressure on the position separated by the Japanese paper or the kraft rice paper by using a hot blade;
s4, descaling the surface of the paint layer of the wood carving component;
s5, performing corrosion prevention and insect killing on the wood carving component;
s6, reinforcement: reinforcing the woodcarving component by adopting a resin reinforcing method, wherein the resin is natural resin or synthetic resin;
and S7, repairing the defective wood carving component.
By adopting the technical scheme, the occurrence of the fracture phenomenon of the fragile part can be effectively reduced through softening treatment; the back sticking can effectively reduce the phenomena of damage and falling off of the gold sticking layer, the paint layer and the ground layer in the subsequent construction process; the resin reinforcement method is adopted to reinforce the rotten wood carving, a foundation is laid for the follow-up repair of the wood carving, and finally the resin and wood chip blending method is adopted to repair the damaged part, so that the originality of the original wood carving can be effectively guaranteed, and the complete repair of the wood carving is facilitated.
Optionally, in step S7, the wood carving member defect part includes a scratched wood carving member having a scratch, a cracked wood carving member having a crack, a damaged wood carving member having a damaged or missing part of the structure, and a missing wood carving member having a completely missing structure;
if the wood carving component is a scratch wood carving component, grinding and polishing the scratch part or painting again for repairing;
if the wood carving component is a crack wood carving component, filling and leveling the crack by adopting a method of mixing resin and wood chips;
if the wood carving component is damaged, repairing the incomplete part by adopting a method of mixing resin and wood chips;
if the wood carving component is a missing wood carving component, the wood carving data of similar real objects or antiques ancient buildings needs to be searched, and the component is duplicated again according to the evolution process of the wood carving shape in each historical period, the pattern change and the process characteristics.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, according to the different damaged degree of woodcarving component work out different construction methods, be favorable to the pertinence to restoreing impaired woodcarving component, improve the prosthetic fineness of woodcarving component, help formulating into the standard, use widely.
Optionally, the method for blending wood chips with resin comprises blending and repairing wood chips with epoxy resin, blending and repairing wood chips with polyvinyl acetate emulsion, gypsum powder and pigment, and blending and repairing wood carving components with acrylic resin and wood chips.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, according to the material and the colour etc. of original wood carving component, select the resin mediation saw-dust that most closely original wood carving component to go to repair the incomplete position of original wood carving component, can improve the uniformity of repairing the position and original position, the repair position that utilizes this method to form simultaneously also is favorable to follow-up staff to carve the repair, guarantees prosthetic integrality.
Optionally, in step S3, when the damage degree of the local peeling, warping, or cracking part is equal to or greater than 2/3, before the adhesive is applied, a reinforcing agent injection method or a closed edge fixing method is performed.
By adopting the technical scheme, the damaged parts are repaired by means of a reinforcing agent injection method or a closed edge fixing method, the stability of the paint layer of the original wood carving component can be guaranteed, meanwhile, the damage to the damaged parts of the wood carving component in the subsequent cleaning working process is reduced, and a foundation is laid for the subsequent cleaning work.
Optionally, the method for injecting the reinforcing agent comprises injecting the reinforcing agent into a part which is locally peeled, warped or cracked by using an injection tool; the method for fixing the closed edge comprises the steps of utilizing the diaphragm and the simple support to close the periphery of the part which is partially peeled, warped and cracked, and only leaving an operation opening which can be operated by a repairer.
By adopting the technical scheme, for the parts with serious diseases, the parts are firstly reinforced and then softened by using a method of injecting the reinforcing agent, so that the direct falling off of the parts with serious diseases caused by direct softening is avoided, and the damage to the woodcarving is reduced; and the influence of external factors such as wind, dust and the like on the diseased part can be effectively reduced by adopting the method of fixing the closed edge, so that the diseased part can be kept stable in the repairing process, and the repairing effect is improved.
Optionally, in step S6, the natural resin includes dammar resin, mastic gum and rosin, and the synthetic resin includes polyethylene glycol, acrylic resin, silicone polymer and formaldehyde resin; the resin reinforcement method includes a brushing method, a dropping method, and a penetration method.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, this type of resin and the material phase-match of wood carving component can effectively reduce the influence to original wood carving component and can realize the stable reinforcement to original wood carving component. Meanwhile, the method can effectively reduce the damage to the original wood carving component, and meanwhile, the resin can be effectively coated on the wood carving component, so that the wood carving component is reinforced.
Optionally, the painting method comprises applying resin to the woodcarving member using a flexible tool; the dripping method comprises the steps of adopting an injection tool to drip or inject resin into the corners of the woodcarving component; the infiltration method comprises the steps of attaching Japanese rice paper or kraft rice paper to a woodcarving component through a reversible adhesive, and then infiltrating and reinforcing with resin.
By adopting the technical scheme, different reinforcement methods are adopted according to different diseased parts, so that symptomatic medicine administration is facilitated, and the fineness and the integrity of wood carving repair are improved.
Optionally, the step S2 includes: cleaning the surface of the woodcarving component, cleaning non-adhesive surface attachments through a soft brush, a dust collector, an ear suction ball or a bamboo stick, removing floating dust on the surface, and then removing nails, electric wires, and battens or paper adhered or nailed on the woodcarving component.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, utilize tools such as pappus brush can reduce the damage to the woodcarving component, get rid of surface attachment and floating dust earlier simultaneously, be favorable to observing the position of debris such as nail, get rid of debris such as nail for the staff and facilitate.
Optionally, the step S4 includes: checking the structure and the property of the pollutants, and if the pollutants are wood members, adopting a dry cleaning method; if the pollutant is soft soil, a mechanical method is adopted; if the pollutant is dirt with oil dirt, an organic solvent or a surfactant is used for cleaning.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, adopt suitable method to clear up the pollutant on the wood carving component to different pollutants, can get rid of the pollutant to the at utmost to reduce the risk that causes the damage to the wood carving component.
Optionally, the method further comprises the following steps:
s8, painting the repaired woodcarving component;
s9, gold-plating the wood carving component;
and S10, maintenance, namely coating the surface of the woodcarving component with wood wax oil.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, further restoreing the wood carving component, be favorable to presenting the original physiognomy of wood carving component, reach the effect of "repairing old as old", utilize wood wax oil simultaneously can be waterproof, prevent dirty, ultraviolet resistance, the dampproofing of weatherability to make the wood carving component not corroded by general chemicals, be favorable to prolonging the life of wood carving component.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
the wood carving component can be effectively reduced in the repairing process, and the wood carving component of the historic building can be completely repaired, so that the aim of protecting the cultural relic building is fulfilled;
the quality of repair engineering is ensured, and the effect of 'repairing old as old' is achieved;
under the principle of not changing the original state of the wood carving component, the restoration of the wood carving component is intervened to the minimum degree, the historical value, the cultural value and the artistic value of the wood carving artistic decorative component of the historic building are protected, and the method has wide popularization and application prospects.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a repair construction method of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to fig. 1.
The embodiment of the application discloses a construction process for protecting and repairing a wood carving component of an ancient building. Referring to fig. 1, the method includes the following steps:
s1, pre-repair field survey and photographic record: the method comprises the steps of carrying out detailed investigation and analysis on the material, the disease, the form and the process of the wood carving, photographing the wood carving, carrying out character description, recording the damaged part and the damaged degree of the wood carving, photographing a video if necessary, and drawing a damaged pathological change picture so as to accurately make a protection and maintenance scheme.
S2, preliminarily cleaning the surface of the woodcarving component: the method comprises the following steps of cleaning the surface of a woodcarving component, cleaning non-adhesive surface attachments through tools such as a soft brush, a dust collector, an ear suction ball or a bamboo stick, removing surface floating dust, and then removing nails, electric wires, battens or paper adhered or nailed on cultural relics.
S3, pre-reinforcing and protecting the fragile part of the original paint layer: when the damage degree of the parts which are partially peeled, warped and cracked is less than 2/3, softening treatment is firstly carried out on the parts which are partially peeled, warped and cracked so as to reduce the occurrence of the phenomenon of breakage of the fragile parts, and the damage degree is determined by comparing the original woodcarving parts with the woodcarving parts to be repaired. Then, the Japanese paper or the kraft rice paper is pasted on a fragile part through a reversible adhesive, then the acrylic resin emulsion is used for permeation and reinforcement, and meanwhile, a hot blade is used for applying slight pressure on the position separated from the Japanese paper or the kraft rice paper for back pasting so as to reduce the damage and the falling-off phenomena of a gold pasting layer, a paint layer and a ground layer in the subsequent construction process; in order to ensure the smooth proceeding of the subsequent cleaning work, on the basis of the treatment, when the damage degree of the serious parts of the local peeling, warping and cracking, namely the parts of the local peeling, warping and cracking, is less than or equal to 2/3, methods such as injecting a reinforcing agent, fixing a closed edge and the like are firstly carried out, and the damaged parts are repaired by sticking back so as to ensure the stability of the paint layer of the original wood carving member. The method for injecting the reinforcing agent comprises the steps of injecting the reinforcing agent into a part which is locally peeled, warped and cracked by adopting injection tools such as a needle cylinder and the like, and pre-reinforcing the more serious part. The method for fixing the closed edge comprises the steps of utilizing the diaphragm and the simple support to close the periphery of a part which is locally fallen off, warped and cracked, only leaving an operation opening which can be operated by a repairer, and utilizing the diaphragm and the simple support to be combined for use, so that the influence of external factors on a part with serious diseases can be reduced.
S4, descaling the surface of the paint layer of the woodcarving component: the structure, nature of the contaminants are examined and an appropriate cleaning method is selected. If the pollutant is a wood member, the polluted part is cleaned by a dry cleaning method and flexible tools such as dry cleaning agent, brush and the like. If the pollutant is soft soil, the mechanical method is adopted, a wider file is used for slightly shoveling the polluted soil to separate the polluted soil, and then the polluted soil is brushed away by a soft brush. If the contaminant is a greasy dirt, it can be cleaned with an organic solvent or surfactant.
S5, performing anticorrosion and insecticidal treatment on the wood carving component: according to the types of the mildew and rot and the pests, proper preservatives and pesticides are selected. The simplest antiseptic insect killing method is to buy the spray antiseptic and the insecticide on the market for antiseptic insect killing. The antiseptic and the insecticide can be prepared by self, and then the insecticide and the sterilization are carried out by adopting methods such as spraying, fumigating and the like, if the methods are carried out under the closed condition, thus not only reducing the influence on people and environment, but also enhancing the insecticidal and sterilization effect. The disinsection and sterilization equipment can adopt a ready-made closed instrument, and can also be made into a sealed space for disinsection and sterilization by simply using a plastic film for thermoplastic edge sealing.
S6, reinforcement: the decayed woodcarving component is reinforced by a resin reinforcing method, wherein the resin is natural resin or synthetic resin, the natural resin can be dammar resin, mastic gum, rosin and the like, and the synthetic resin can be polyethylene glycol, acrylic resin, organic silicon polymer, formaldehyde resin and the like. Wherein, the acrylic resin is selected to strengthen the rotten woodcarving component, so the effect is better. The reinforcing method can adopt methods such as brushing, dripping and infiltration. The painting method is that tools such as a soft brush and the like are adopted to coat resin on the woodcarving component; the dripping method is to drip or inject the resin into the corner of the wood carving component by adopting tools such as a needle cylinder and the like; the infiltration method is that Japanese rice paper or cowhide rice paper is firstly adhered on a woodcarving component through a reversible adhesive, and then resin is used for infiltration and reinforcement.
S7, repairing the defective wood carving component:
step S7 includes that the wood carving member defect piece includes a scratched wood carving member having a scratch, a cracked wood carving member having a crack, a damaged wood carving member having a damaged or missing partial structure, and a missing wood carving member having a completely missing structure.
If the wood carving component is scratched, the scratched part is slightly ground and polished or painted again for repairing.
And if the wood carving component is a crack wood carving component, filling and leveling the crack by adopting a method of mixing resin and wood chips.
If the wood carving component is damaged, the incomplete part is repaired by adopting a method of mixing resin and wood chips.
The method for mixing the resin with the wood chips can adopt epoxy resin to mix the wood chips to fill the holes, also can adopt polyvinyl acetate emulsion to mix the wood chips, gypsum powder and pigment to repair defective parts, or adopts acrylic resin and the wood chips to mix to repair defective parts of wood carving. The method for repairing the wood carving incomplete parts by blending the acrylic resin and the sawdust has a good effect, and is favorable for ensuring the originality of the original wood carving components. Further, if the old material and resin of the woodcarving component can be used for repairing, the old material and resin should be selected firstly.
If the wood carving component is a missing wood carving component, the missing part is remade, if the symmetrical part of the original wood carving is lost, the wood carving data of the ancient building similar to the real object or the cultural relic is searched, the component is duplicated again according to the evolution process of the wood carving shape, the pattern change and the process characteristics in each historical period, and the pieced and supplemented part is subjected to the procedures of material selection, material preparation, processing, splicing, trial assembly and the like in a woodwork workshop.
S8, paint: and painting the repaired wood carving component according to the traditional process.
S9, gold pasting: and (5) sticking back the wood carving component according to the traditional gold sticking process.
And S10, maintenance, namely, directly coating wood wax oil on the surface of the wood carving component, wherein the wood wax oil can prevent water, dirt, ultraviolet rays and weather, and prevents the wood carving component from being corroded by common chemicals. And the subsequent daily maintenance of the woodcarving component needs to be enhanced.
The implementation principle of the historic building woodcarving component protection and repair construction process comprises the following steps: s1, field investigation and photographic record before repair; s2, primarily cleaning the surface; s3, pre-reinforcing and protecting the fragile part of the original paint layer; s4, surface descaling; s5, preserving and killing pests; s6, reinforcing; s7, repairing the defective part; s8, painting; s9, gold pasting; and S10, maintenance. By adopting the construction method, the occurrence of damage of the wood carving component in the repairing process can be effectively reduced, the wood carving component of the historic building can be completely repaired, and the purpose of protecting the cultural relic building can be achieved; under the principle of not changing the original state of the wood carving component, the restoration of the wood carving component is intervened to the minimum degree, the historical value, the cultural value and the artistic value of the wood carving artistic decorative component of the historic building are protected, and the method has wide popularization and application prospects.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The protection and repair construction process of the ancient architecture woodcarving component is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, field investigation and photographic record before repair;
s2, primarily cleaning the surface of the woodcarving component;
s3, pre-reinforcing and protecting the fragile part of the original paint layer: when the damage degree of the part which is partially peeled, warped and cracked is less than 2/3, softening the part which is partially peeled, warped and cracked, then pasting the Japanese paper or the kraft rice paper on the fragile part through a reversible adhesive, permeating and reinforcing the fragile part by using acrylic resin emulsion, and simultaneously pasting the fragile part or the kraft rice paper by applying pressure on the position separated by the Japanese paper or the kraft rice paper by using a hot blade;
s4, descaling the surface of the paint layer of the wood carving component;
s5, performing corrosion prevention and insect killing on the wood carving component;
s6, reinforcement: reinforcing the woodcarving component by adopting a resin reinforcing method, wherein the resin is natural resin or synthetic resin;
and S7, repairing the defective wood carving component.
2. The ancient building woodcarving element protection and restoration construction process according to claim 1, characterized in that the step S7 includes that the woodcarving element defect piece includes a scratch woodcarving element with scratch, a crack woodcarving element with crack, a damage woodcarving element with damage or missing part of structure and a missing woodcarving element with missing part of structure completely;
if the wood carving component is a scratch wood carving component, grinding and polishing the scratch part or painting again for repairing;
if the wood carving component is a crack wood carving component, filling and leveling the crack by adopting a method of mixing resin and wood chips;
if the wood carving component is damaged, repairing the incomplete part by adopting a method of mixing resin and wood chips;
if the wood carving component is a missing wood carving component, the wood carving data of similar real objects or antiques ancient buildings needs to be searched, and the component is duplicated again according to the evolution process of the wood carving shape in each historical period, the pattern change and the process characteristics.
3. The ancient building woodcarving component protection and repair construction process according to claim 2, characterized in that: the method for mixing the wood chips with the resin comprises the steps of mixing and stirring the wood chips with the epoxy resin for repairing, mixing and stirring the wood chips with the polyvinyl acetate emulsion for repairing, gypsum powder and pigment, and mixing and repairing the woodcarving component by adopting the acrylic resin and the wood chips.
4. The ancient building woodcarving component protection and repair construction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S3, when the damage degree of the local peeling, warping, or cracking part is equal to or greater than 2/3, a reinforcing agent injection method or a closed edge fixing method is performed before the adhesive is applied.
5. The ancient architecture woodcarving component protection and repair construction process according to claim 4, characterized in that the method for injecting the reinforcing agent comprises the steps of injecting the reinforcing agent into a part which is locally peeled off, warped and cracked by adopting an injection tool; the method for fixing the closed edge comprises the steps of utilizing the diaphragm and the simple support to close the periphery of the part which is partially peeled, warped and cracked, and only leaving an operation opening which can be operated by a repairer.
6. The ancient building woodcarving component protection and repair construction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S6, the natural resin includes dammar resin, mastic gum and rosin, and the synthetic resin includes polyethylene glycol, acrylic resin, organic silicon polymer and formaldehyde resin; the resin reinforcement method includes a brushing method, a dropping method, and a penetration method.
7. The ancient building woodcarving component protection and restoration construction process according to claim 6, characterized in that the painting method comprises the steps of coating resin on the woodcarving component by using a flexible tool; the dripping method comprises the steps of adopting an injection tool to drip or inject resin into the corners of the woodcarving component; the infiltration method comprises the steps of attaching Japanese rice paper or kraft rice paper to a woodcarving component through a reversible adhesive, and then infiltrating and reinforcing with resin.
8. The ancient building woodcarving element protection and restoration construction process according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 includes: cleaning the surface of the woodcarving component, cleaning non-adhesive surface attachments through a soft brush, a dust collector, an ear suction ball or a bamboo stick, removing floating dust on the surface, and then removing nails, electric wires, and battens or paper adhered or nailed on the woodcarving component.
9. The ancient building woodcarving element protection and restoration construction process according to claim 1, wherein the step S4 includes: checking the structure and the property of the pollutants, and if the pollutants are wood members, adopting a dry cleaning method; if the pollutant is soft soil, a mechanical method is adopted; if the pollutant is dirt with oil dirt, an organic solvent or a surfactant is used for cleaning.
10. The ancient building woodcarving component protection and repair construction process according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising the following steps:
s8, painting the repaired woodcarving component;
s9, gold-plating the wood carving component;
and S10, maintenance, namely coating the surface of the woodcarving component with wood wax oil.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114704116A (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-07-05 | 上海天补材料科技有限公司 | GRC decorative line repairing and reinforcing method |
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