CN114346371A - Composite material increase method capable of rapidly machining parts - Google Patents
Composite material increase method capable of rapidly machining parts Download PDFInfo
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- CN114346371A CN114346371A CN202210105199.9A CN202210105199A CN114346371A CN 114346371 A CN114346371 A CN 114346371A CN 202210105199 A CN202210105199 A CN 202210105199A CN 114346371 A CN114346371 A CN 114346371A
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- method capable
- surfacing
- additive manufacturing
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite material increase method capable of rapidly processing parts, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting a steel plate or a profile made of the same material as a base plate according to the characteristics of the part to be processed, wherein the base plate is provided with a reinforcing groove; and S2, performing additive surfacing on the substrate, wherein the additive manufacturing material is welding wire or 3D printing powder which is the same as or similar to the substrate. The invention forms a new idea and a new method for additive manufacturing, which comprises the steps of adopting a base body made of a steel plate and adopting welding wires (powder) made of the same or similar materials as a base plate to carry out surfacing welding to form a part for additive manufacturing, wherein the weight ratio of the base plate is different, the part ratio exceeds 50 percent, and the larger the weight ratio of the base plate is, the shorter the cycle of additive manufacturing is.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a composite material increase method capable of rapidly processing parts, which is suitable for parts which need to be put into a die and have long production period and small batch, and belongs to the technical field of material increase manufacturing and engineering machinery.
Background
The additive manufacturing technology is taken as a major manufacturing method innovation in the 20 th century, is highly valued by many countries, comprises advanced technologies such as digital modeling, machining and materials science, saves the investment of a mould and the consumption of materials by welding the materials into solid parts layer by layer, shortens the manufacturing period of new products and small-batch products, and has made great progress through development of many years, so that a high-speed additive manufacturing technology adopting an arc fuse is gradually formed, but the efficiency of additive manufacturing is still low, and needs to be further improved.
For parts with larger thickness such as the bearing seat shown in fig. 1, the parts cannot be formed by machining after blanking of a steel plate due to too large thickness, casting forming is needed, and the main flow comprises the steps of die manufacturing, sand mulling, molding, core making, die matching, smelting, pouring, cleaning and the like. The casting mold is large in investment and long in casting period, about 60 days, the production period requirements of new products and small-batch products cannot be met, if additive manufacturing is adopted, the whole part surfacing period is about 15 days, although the period is obviously shortened compared with the casting period, the defect of long period is still existed compared with the processing and forming after steel plate blanking.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a composite additive manufacturing method capable of quickly processing parts, which has the effect of quickly realizing additive manufacturing of the parts, and the integral strength of the parts can reach the casting level.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts a composite additive method capable of rapidly processing parts, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a steel plate or a profile made of the same material as a base plate according to the characteristics of the part to be processed, wherein the base plate is provided with a reinforcing groove;
and S2, performing additive surfacing on the substrate, wherein the additive manufacturing material is welding wire or 3D printing powder which is the same as or similar to the substrate.
As an improvement, the substrate is machined and shot-blasted, and the thickness T1 of the substrate is more than or equal to 30 mm.
The improved structure is characterized in that the depth H of the reinforcing grooves is 5-10 mm, the width B1 is 10-20 mm, and the interval C1 of the reinforcing grooves is 30-50 mm.
In the additive manufacturing process, the thickness T2 of each layer is 1-3 mm, the width B2 of each welding line is 3-10 mm, the lapping quantity C2 of each layer is 2-5 mm, and the joint position offset A of each layer is 15-90 degrees.
As an improvement, Ar gas and CO are used as protective gas in additive surfacing2Wherein the volume ratio of Ar gas is more than or equal to 80 percent, or pure Ar gas or pure He gas is adopted.
As an improvement, the flow rate of the protective gas is 20-25L/min.
As an improvement, the surfacing parameters are as follows: the surfacing current is 150-280A, the surfacing speed is 100-500 mm/min, and the wire feeding speed is 300-2000 mm/min.
As an improvement, the order of single-layer and double-layer overlaying is opposite during overlaying of each layer.
As an improvement, heat treatment is carried out according to the requirements of the material and the mechanical property of the part.
As an improvement, the hardness is controlled to be 170-220 HB when the normalizing heat treatment is adopted; and controlling the hardness to be 240-300 HB during quenching and tempering heat treatment.
Finally, the invention also provides a part with a composite additive structure, which is obtained by adopting the composite additive method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a composite additive manufacturing method capable of rapidly processing parts, which forms a new idea and a new method for additive manufacturing, and comprises the steps of carrying out surfacing welding on a base body made of a steel plate and welding wires (powder) made of the same or similar materials as or to the base plate to form the parts for additive manufacturing, wherein the weight ratio of the base plate is different, part of the base plate is over 50%, and the larger the weight ratio of the base plate is, the shorter the additive manufacturing period is.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a conventional bearing seat;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a substrate and reinforcing grooves in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an additive manufacturing configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an integral additive manufactured article of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the dimensions of the stiffening channel of the present invention;
fig. 6 is an additive manufacturing flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below. It should be understood, however, that the description herein of specific embodiments is only intended to illustrate the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs, and the terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention.
A composite additive method capable of rapidly machining parts comprises the following steps:
selecting steel plates or profiles made of the same materials as base plates according to the characteristics of parts, and blanking by adopting a flame, plasma or laser cutting machine, wherein in order to prevent deformation in the surfacing process, the thickness T1 of the base plate 2 is generally more than or equal to 30mm, if the base plate is blanked by adopting the flame cutting machine, the cutting oxygen pressure is 0.45-0.6 Mpa, the preheating time is 70-110 s, the cutting speed is 150-240 mm/min, the downward regulation range of a cutting arc is 30-50 mm/min, the cutting is ensured not to be out of round, and the machining allowance of an outer circle, an inner hole and an end face is kept for 3-5 mm on one side;
step two, preprocessing a substrate reinforcing groove by adopting a lathe, a milling machine or a boring machine according to the stress condition of a part, wherein the depth H of the reinforcing groove 3 is 5-10 mm, the width B1 is 10-20 mm, and the reinforcing groove interval C1 is 30-50 mm;
thirdly, performing shot blasting rust removal on the processed substrate by adopting equipment such as a shot blasting machine or a grinding machine, wherein the rust removal grade reaches Sa2.5, and the roughness is 50-150 mu m;
fourthly, performing surfacing programming, setting surfacing parameters, and performing surfacing by using a robot, wherein the surfacing parameters are as follows: the surfacing current is 150-280A, the surfacing speed is 100-500 mm/min, and the wire feeding speed is 300-2000 mm/min;
selecting a welding wire as an additive manufacturing material, and also selecting 3D printing powder as an additive manufacturing material, wherein the temperature between overlaying layers is controlled at 50-200 ℃, and if the temperature is reduced to normal temperature at longer time interval between the layers, the surface needs to be polished;
in order to prevent the joints from being concentrated at the same position to influence the strength of the additive manufacturing part, the thickness T2 of each layer in additive manufacturing is 1-3 mm, the width B2 of each welding line is 3-10 mm, the lap joint quantity C2 of each layer is 2-5 mm, and the joint position dislocation A of each layer is 15-90 degrees; in addition, in order to ensure that no defects such as air holes exist in the welding seam, Ar gas and CO are used as protective gas in additive surfacing2The volume ratio of Ar gas is more than or equal to 80%, or pure Ar gas or pure He gas is adopted, and the flow rate of the protective gas is 20-25L/min;
it should be noted that: during surfacing of each layer, the sequence of single-layer and double-layer surfacing is opposite, wherein the single layer is subjected to surfacing from the outer side to the inner side, and the double layers are subjected to surfacing from the inner side to the outer side;
fifthly, carrying out heat treatment such as normalizing or tempering, wherein the surface is clean before heat treatment, the defects of cracks and oxide skin, looseness, slag holes and the like which influence the heat treatment quality are not allowed, the heat treatment hardness refers to the technical requirements of parts, the normalizing hardness is 170-220 HB, the heating temperature is 830-850 ℃, the heat preservation time is 180-240 min, the tempering hardness is 240-300 HB, the heating temperature is 850-870 ℃, the heat preservation time is 120-150 min, discharging and quenching are carried out, the tempering heating temperature is 530-570 ℃, the heat preservation time is 150-180 min, the Brinell hardness is measured at each position for 1-3 points, and the arithmetic average value is taken;
and step six, according to the shape of the additive manufacturing part and the drawing processing requirements, machining is carried out by adopting equipment such as a lathe, a milling machine, a boring machine, a drilling machine and the like.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, in this embodiment, taking the bearing seat shown in fig. 1 as an example, a lower portion of the bearing seat may be blanked by using a steel plate, a base plate 2 shown in fig. 2 is formed by processing, a reinforcing groove 3 is formed on the base plate 2, an additive structure 1 shown in fig. 3 is formed by additive manufacturing, and the base plate 2 and the additive structure 1 are formed and combined to form a finished bearing seat product shown in fig. 4;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, a flame cutting machine is adopted for blanking, the thickness T1 of the substrate 2 is close to 80mm, the cutting oxygen pressure of the flame cutting machine for blanking is 0.5Mpa, the preheating time is 90s, the cutting speed is 180mm/min, the downward regulation range of a cutting arc is 40mm/min, the cutting is ensured not to be out of round, and the machining allowance of an excircle, an inner hole and an end face is kept for 4mm on one side;
step two, preprocessing a substrate reinforcing groove by adopting a lathe, wherein the depth H of the reinforcing groove 3 is 8mm, the width B1 is 15mm, and the reinforcing groove interval C1 is 40 mm;
thirdly, performing shot blasting rust removal by using a shot blasting machine, wherein the rust removal grade reaches Sa2.5, and the roughness is 80-90 mu m;
fourthly, performing surfacing programming, setting surfacing parameters, and performing surfacing by using a robot, wherein the surfacing parameters are as follows: the surfacing current is 180A, the surfacing speed is 300mm/min, and the wire feeding speed is 1500 mm/min;
selecting a welding wire as an additive manufacturing material, controlling the temperature between surfacing layers to be 160 ℃, and if the temperature is reduced to normal temperature due to longer interlayer interval time, polishing the surface; meanwhile, the thickness T2 of each layer of additive manufacturing is 2mm, the width B2 of each welding seam is 5mm, the lapping quantity C2 of each layer is 3mm, and the joint position dislocation A of each layer is 60 degrees; in order to ensure that no defects such as air holes exist in the welding seam, pure Ar gas is adopted as protective gas during additive surfacing, and the flow rate is 20-25L/min;
fifthly, normalizing heat treatment is carried out, the surface is clean before heat treatment, the defects of cracks and oxide skin, looseness, slag holes and the like which influence the heat treatment quality are not allowed, the heat treatment hardness refers to the technical requirements of parts, the normalizing hardness is 170-220 HB, the heating temperature is 840 ℃, the heat preservation time is 200min, the parts are taken out of the furnace and quenched, the tempering heating temperature is 550 ℃, the heat preservation time is 160min, the Brinell hardness is measured at 3 points each, the arithmetic mean value is taken, and the requirements are met through determination;
and step six, machining according to the shape of the additive manufacturing part and the drawing machining requirements.
According to the invention, the steel plate is blanked by the cutting machine, the base plate reinforcing groove is preprocessed by the machining equipment, shot blasting is performed before surfacing, the derusting grade standard, the surfacing parameter standard, the heat treatment standard and the like are provided, and the additive manufacturing time can be greatly reduced by combining the base plate and the additive manufacturing, so that technical support is provided for the production manufacturing process.
Example 2
The conventional engineering machinery nodular cast iron casting mainly adopts QT450 or QT500, the mechanical property standard of the conventional engineering machinery nodular cast iron casting and parts obtained by adopting the composite additive method of the invention have the following detection pairs as shown in the following tables 1 and 2:
TABLE 1 comparison of mechanical properties of conventional castings and additively manufactured parts of the invention
Through the detection of a universal mechanical property tester, the tensile strength of the additive manufacturing part reaches the QT450 or QT500 standard, and the elongation is superior to the QT450 or QT500 standard;
TABLE 2 comparison of defects in conventional castings versus parts made additively according to the present invention
| Comparison part | Internal defect |
| QT450 or QT500 castings | Second level (below 5 MM) |
| The additive manufacturing part of the invention | First level (below 2 MM) |
And through detection of an ultrasonic flaw detector, the grade of the internal defect of the additive manufacturing part is superior to that of the internal defect of the casting.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents or improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A composite material increase method capable of rapidly processing parts is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting a steel plate or a profile made of the same material as a base plate according to the characteristics of the part to be processed, wherein the base plate is provided with a reinforcing groove;
and S2, performing additive surfacing on the substrate, wherein the additive manufacturing material is welding wire or 3D printing powder which is the same as or similar to the substrate.
2. The composite additive method capable of rapidly processing parts according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is subjected to machining and shot blasting, and the thickness T1 of the substrate is greater than or equal to 30 mm.
3. The composite additive manufacturing method capable of rapidly processing the part according to claim 1, wherein the depth H of the reinforcing groove is 5-10 mm, the width B1 is 10-20 mm, and the interval C1 of the reinforcing groove is 30-50 mm.
4. The composite additive manufacturing method capable of rapidly processing the part according to claim 1, wherein the thickness T2 of each layer is 1-3 mm, the width B2 of each welding seam is 3-10 mm, the overlapping amount C2 of each layer is 2-5 mm, and the joint position offset A of each layer is 15-90 degrees.
5. The composite additive manufacturing method capable of rapidly machining parts according to claim 1, characterized in that Ar gas and CO are used as shielding gas in additive surfacing2Wherein the volume ratio of Ar gas is more than or equal to 80 percent, or pure Ar gas or pure He gas is adopted.
6. The composite additive manufacturing method capable of rapidly processing the part according to claim 5, wherein the flow rate of the shielding gas is 20-25L/min.
7. The composite additive method capable of rapidly machining the part according to claim 1, wherein the surfacing parameters are as follows: the surfacing current is 150-280A, the surfacing speed is 100-500 mm/min, and the wire feeding speed is 300-2000 mm/min.
8. A composite additive method capable of rapidly machining parts according to claim 1, wherein the sequence of single and double layer build-up welding is reversed for each layer of build-up welding.
9. The composite additive method capable of rapidly processing parts according to claim 1, characterized in that heat treatment is performed according to the material and mechanical property requirements of the parts, and the hardness is controlled to be 170-220 HB during normalizing heat treatment; and controlling the hardness to be 240-300 HB during quenching and tempering heat treatment.
10. A part having a composite additive structure obtained using the composite additive method of any one of claims 1-9.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210105199.9A CN114346371A (en) | 2022-01-28 | 2022-01-28 | Composite material increase method capable of rapidly machining parts |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210105199.9A CN114346371A (en) | 2022-01-28 | 2022-01-28 | Composite material increase method capable of rapidly machining parts |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001232467A (en) * | 2000-02-22 | 2001-08-28 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Manufacture of die |
| CN108723549A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-11-02 | 河海大学常州校区 | A kind of electric arc increasing material manufacturing method |
| CN109365816A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-02-22 | 天津镭明激光科技有限公司 | A kind of the increasing material manufacturing tooling and manufacturing process of large-scale part |
| CN109795109A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-05-24 | 湖南华曙高科技有限责任公司 | A kind of increasing material manufacturing method |
| CN110587075A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-12-20 | 南京理工大学 | Nozzle coaxial self-selection multi-hot-wire plasma arc metal composite additive method and device |
-
2022
- 2022-01-28 CN CN202210105199.9A patent/CN114346371A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001232467A (en) * | 2000-02-22 | 2001-08-28 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Manufacture of die |
| CN108723549A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-11-02 | 河海大学常州校区 | A kind of electric arc increasing material manufacturing method |
| CN109365816A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-02-22 | 天津镭明激光科技有限公司 | A kind of the increasing material manufacturing tooling and manufacturing process of large-scale part |
| CN109795109A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-05-24 | 湖南华曙高科技有限责任公司 | A kind of increasing material manufacturing method |
| CN110587075A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-12-20 | 南京理工大学 | Nozzle coaxial self-selection multi-hot-wire plasma arc metal composite additive method and device |
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