CN110587075A - Nozzle coaxial self-selection multi-hot-wire plasma arc metal composite additive method and device - Google Patents
Nozzle coaxial self-selection multi-hot-wire plasma arc metal composite additive method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110587075A CN110587075A CN201910766919.4A CN201910766919A CN110587075A CN 110587075 A CN110587075 A CN 110587075A CN 201910766919 A CN201910766919 A CN 201910766919A CN 110587075 A CN110587075 A CN 110587075A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/12—Automatic feeding or moving of electrodes or work for spot or seam welding or cutting
- B23K9/133—Means for feeding electrodes, e.g. drums, rolls, motors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
- B23K9/1675—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode making use of several electrodes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/32—Accessories
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a nozzle coaxial self-selection multi-hot-wire plasma arc metal composite additive method and a device. When the device is used for plasma robot arc additive manufacturing, multi-component intermetallic compounds can be directly produced when wires made of different materials are adopted, the components of the intermetallic compounds can be adjusted according to the proportion, and the direct production of intermetallic compound structural members by the arc additive manufacturing is realized; when homogeneous wire material addition is adopted, compared with the traditional single cold wire plasma arc material addition, the deposition efficiency can be improved by 5.0-6.0 times, and the material addition method is a composite metal material addition mode with high efficiency, multiple components and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric arc additive manufacturing, and relates to a nozzle coaxial self-selection multi-hot-wire plasma arc metal composite additive method and device
Background
Different from the prior 'subtraction' processing mode, the additive manufacturing technology based on 'addition' has the advantages of unique resource saving, low cost and the like in the manufacturing of complex parts, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, national defense and military industry, rail transit and the like. With the development of the industry, the requirements on the processing speed of precise instruments and parts are higher and higher.
Plasma arc is used as a heat source in plasma arc additive manufacturing, metal wire materials are used as filling materials, and components in preset shapes are formed by stacking layer by layer according to a set track.
The hot wire process is to preheat the wires in advance, so that the energy required by a wire melting power supply is reduced, more wires can be melted, the efficiency is improved, the forming quality of a welding line is good, the stability of an electric arc is high, and the dilution rate of a parent metal can be reduced. The hot wire process can realize the simultaneous melting of a plurality of wires in the plasma material increase process.
The invention discloses a plasma arc dual-power-supply dual-hot-wire additive manufacturing method and device for a robot (201711349495.9). The plasma arc dual-power-supply dual-hot-wire additive manufacturing device heats two cold wires sent out by a dual-wire feeding device by using a heating power supply to realize the feeding of dual hot wires. The method adopts bypass wire feeding and the existence of an external clamp, thereby reducing the space accessibility during material increase. The invention discloses a bypass hot wire plasma arc welding device and a welding method (201510570906.1), and discloses a plasma hot wire additive device which consists of a plasma welding power supply, a bypass hot wire plasma welding gun, a high-frequency arc starter, a current sensor, a bypass shunt control module and a control system. However, the device only melts one wire, the melting efficiency of the wire is improved to a limited extent, the scope of the selection scheme is small, and the bypass hot wire process easily causes unstable plasma arc and is difficult to realize continuous surfacing. If the components of the metal part compound with more than two components are to be realized simultaneously, the devices mentioned in the patents cannot be realized, and the number of wires is increased on the basis of the existing single-wire or double-wire device, but the external clamp is too many, the accessibility of space is greatly reduced, and a plurality of components cannot be completed; or the equipment is too complex to be implemented.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a device for coaxially and automatically selecting a multi-hot-wire plasma arc metal composite additive material for a nozzle, which can directly produce a multi-component intermetallic compound when wires made of different materials are adopted during plasma robot arc additive material manufacturing, and can adjust the components of the intermetallic compound according to the proportion; when homogeneous wire material addition is adopted, compared with the traditional single cold wire plasma arc material addition, the deposition efficiency can be improved by 5.0-6.0 times, and the material addition method is a composite metal material addition mode with high efficiency, multiple components and low cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a nozzle coaxial self-selecting multi-hot wire plasma arc metal composite additive device, the device comprising: the nozzle is coaxial and is formed by selecting a multi-hot-wire welding gun, a welding power supply, a wire feeding mechanism, a hot-wire power supply coordination control device, a wire material coordination control device, a water circulation coordination control device and a robot; the wire coordinated control device is connected with the wire feeding mechanism and the robot control cabinet, and adjusts the working state and the wire feeding speed of the wire feeding mechanism according to signals sent by the robot control cabinet; the hot wire power supply coordination control device is connected with the hot wire power supply and the robot control cabinet, and adjusts the working state and the heating current of the hot wire power supply according to signals sent by the robot control cabinet; the water circulation coordination control device is connected with the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe, adjusts the working state according to the signal sent by the robot control cabinet, and continuously cools the wire feeding nozzle in the wire feeding channel;
the nozzle is coaxial and is circumferentially arranged on the periphery of a shielding gas hood at the tail end of the plasma welding gun at intervals of theta angles by selecting a multi-hot-wire welding gun as a plurality of wire feeding channels, so that wires sent out by each wire feeding channel are intersected with the axis of the plasma welding gun;
the nozzle is coaxially fixed on the robot by a multi-hot-wire welding gun which is selected automatically, and is connected with a welding power supply, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the hot-wire power supply are connected with wire materials, and continuous resistance heating is carried out on the wire materials placed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; the wire feeding channel is provided with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe for cooling the wire feeding nozzle in the wire feeding channel.
Further, 4 wire feeding channels are circumferentially arranged at intervals of 90 degrees at the periphery of the shielding gas hood.
Further, the hot wire power supply comprises a hot wire power supply I, a hot wire power supply II, a hot wire power supply III and a hot wire power supply IV; the robot control cabinet sends a signal to the hot wire power supply coordination control device to control the start and stop of the hot wire power supply I and adjust the magnitude of heating current; the hot wire power supply II is connected with the hot wire power supply coordination control device and the wire material II, the robot control cabinet sends a signal to the hot wire power supply coordination control device to control the start and stop of the hot wire power supply II and adjust the heating current; the hot wire power supply III is connected with the hot wire power supply coordination control device and the wire material III, the robot control cabinet sends a signal to the hot wire power supply coordination control device to control the start and stop of the hot wire power supply III and adjust the heating current; the hot wire power supply IV is connected with the hot wire power supply coordination control device and the wire material IV, and the robot control cabinet sends a signal to the hot wire power supply coordination control device to control the start and stop of the hot wire power supply IV and adjust the heating current.
Further, the wire feeding mechanism comprises a wire feeding mechanism I, a wire feeding mechanism II, a wire feeding mechanism III and a wire feeding mechanism IV; the wire feeding mechanism I is connected with the wire coordinated control device, the fed wire I is conveyed into the wire feeding channel I through the wire guide pipe, the robot control cabinet sends a signal to the wire coordinated control device, the wire feeding current of the wire feeding mechanism I is regulated, and the wire feeding speed of the wire feeding mechanism I is further regulated; the wire feeding mechanism II is connected with the wire coordinated control device, the fed wire II is conveyed into the wire feeding channel II through the wire guide pipe, the robot control cabinet sends a signal to the wire coordinated control device to adjust the wire feeding current of the wire feeding mechanism II, and the wire feeding speed of the wire feeding mechanism II is further adjusted; the wire feeding mechanism III is connected with the wire coordinated control device, the fed wire III is conveyed into the wire feeding channel III through the wire guide pipe, the robot control cabinet sends a signal to the wire coordinated control device, the wire feeding current of the wire feeding mechanism III is regulated, and the wire feeding speed of the wire feeding mechanism III is further regulated; the wire feeding mechanism IV is connected with the wire coordinated control device, the fed wire IV is conveyed into the wire feeding channel IV through the wire guide pipe, the robot control cabinet sends a signal to the wire coordinated control device to adjust the wire feeding current of the wire feeding mechanism IV, and then the wire feeding speed of the wire feeding mechanism IV is adjusted.
Further, the water inlet pipe comprises a water inlet pipe I, a water inlet pipe II and a water inlet pipe III; the water inlet pipe I and the water outlet pipe I are positioned at the top of the wire feeding channel I, and the water feeding and water cut-off states are adjusted by the water circulation coordination control device; the water inlet pipe II and the water outlet pipe I are positioned at the top of the wire feeding channel II, and the water feeding and water cut-off states are adjusted by the water circulation coordination control device; the water inlet pipe III and the water outlet pipe III are positioned at the top of the wire feeding channel III, and the water feeding and water cut-off states are adjusted by the water circulation coordination control device; the water inlet pipe IV and the water outlet pipe I are positioned at the top of the wire feeding channel IV, and the water feeding and water cutting states are adjusted by the water circulation coordination control device.
Furthermore, the nozzle is coaxial, and the diameter of an inner hole of a wire feeding nozzle of the multi-hot-wire welding gun is 1.0-1.4 mm, and the diameter of a wire is 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1.0mm or 1.2 mm.
Furthermore, the included angle between the coaxial wire feeding channel of the nozzle and the vertical direction of the multi-hot-wire welding gun is 40 degrees, and the wire passes through the wire feeding channel and is fed into a position 4-6mm below the nozzle by the wire feeding nozzle to be continuously melted.
Furthermore, the nozzle is coaxial, a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe are arranged at the top of a wire feeding channel of the multi-hot-wire welding gun, the metal shell is arranged outside the nozzle, a water channel is arranged inside the nozzle, and water is regulated by a water circulation control device to form water circulation so as to cool the wire feeding nozzle.
Furthermore, the nozzle is coaxial and is connected with the wire feeding channel of the multi-hot-wire welding gun through welding, and the wire feeding nozzle is connected inside the wire feeding channel through threads.
A plasma arc electric arc additive manufacturing method specifically comprises the following steps:
selecting four wires made of different materials before a material increase experiment, respectively conveying the wires by a wire feeding mechanism, independently conveying the wires I by the wire feeding mechanism I, entering a wire feeding channel I from a wire guide pipe, and feeding the wires I into a molten pool right below a nozzle through a wire feeding nozzle in the wire feeding channel I; after the set motion trail is finished, the wire II is conveyed by the wire feeding mechanism II independently, enters the wire feeding channel II through the wire guide pipe, and is fed into a molten pool right below a nozzle through a wire feeding nozzle in the wire feeding channel II, meanwhile, the heating current of the hot wire power supply II is controlled and adjusted by the hot wire power supply coordination control device, the wire II is heated by resistance heat, the water circulation coordination control device is adjusted to be in a water feeding state, and water circulation is formed through the water inlet pipe II and the water outlet pipe II to cool the wire feeding nozzle; after the set motion trail is finished, the wire III is conveyed by the wire feeding mechanism III independently, enters the wire feeding channel III through the wire guide pipe, and is fed into a molten pool right below a nozzle through a wire feeding nozzle in the wire feeding channel III, meanwhile, the heating current of the hot wire power supply III is controlled and adjusted by the hot wire power supply coordination control device, the wire III is heated by resistance heat, the water circulation coordination control device is adjusted to be in a water feeding state, and water circulation is formed through the water inlet pipe III and the water outlet pipe III to cool the wire feeding nozzle; after the set motion trail is finished, the wire IV is conveyed by the wire feeding mechanism IV independently, enters the wire feeding channel IV through the wire guiding pipe, and is fed into a molten pool right below the nozzle through a wire feeding nozzle in the wire feeding channel IV, meanwhile, the heating current of the hot wire power supply IV is controlled and adjusted by the hot wire power supply coordination control device, the wire IV is heated by resistance heat, the water circulation coordination control device is adjusted to be in a water feeding state, water circulation is formed through the water inlet pipe IV and the water outlet pipe IV to cool the wire feeding nozzle, and the steps are repeated until the multi-component intermetallic compound component is finished.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: 1. when the device provided by the invention is used for a plasma additive manufacturing test, the four wire feeding channels are positioned on the protective gas cover at the tail end of the shell of the plasma welding gun, so that the interference of an external wire feeding clamp is reduced, and the requirement on space is greatly reduced. 2. The device utilizes the hot wire power supply to carry out resistance heating on the wire materials, improves the melting speed of the wire materials under the same specification, improves the wire feeding speed, simultaneously extends into the plasma arc to melt right below the four wire materials, and further greatly improves the deposition rate. 3. When the plasma additive manufacturing method is used for plasma additive manufacturing of homogeneous wires, synchronous arc additive manufacturing of four hot wires can be achieved, compared with the traditional plasma arc additive manufacturing of single cold wires, deposition efficiency can be improved by 5.0-6.0 times, and the plasma additive manufacturing method has the advantages of being high in efficiency, multiple in components and low in cost. 4. When the plasma additive manufacturing method is used for plasma additive manufacturing of wires made of different materials, the direct production of the intermetallic compound structural part by the arc additive manufacturing is realized, the components of the intermetallic compound can be accurately controlled, the manufacturing cost is reduced, the additive efficiency and the forming precision are improved, the performance of the structural part is improved, and the plasma additive manufacturing of complex parts can be efficiently and rapidly realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a nozzle coaxial self-selecting multi-hot-wire plasma arc metal composite additive device system.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the wire feeding passage and the shielding gas hood according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a front sectional view of a portion of the wire feed channel of the present invention.
Wherein, 1 is a robot control cabinet, 2 is a wire material coordination control device, 3 is a hot wire power supply coordination control device, 4 is a robot, 5 is a hot wire power supply I, 6 is a hot wire power supply II, 7 is a wire feeding mechanism I, 8 is a wire feeding mechanism II, 9 is a water circulation coordination control device, 10 is a welding power supply, 11 is a nozzle coaxial self-selection multi-hot wire welding gun, 12 is a wire feeding mechanism III, 13 is a wire feeding mechanism IV, 14 is a hot wire power supply III, 15 is a hot wire power supply IV, 16 is a protective gas cover, 17 is a wire feeding channel I, 18 is a wire feeding channel II, 19 is a water inlet pipe I, 20 is a water outlet pipe I, 21 is a water inlet pipe II, 22 is a connecting nut I, 23 is a water outlet pipe II, 24 is a water inlet pipe III, 25 is a water outlet pipe III, 26 is a connecting nut II, 27 is a wire feeding channel III, 28 is a water inlet pipe IV, 29 is a water outlet pipe IV, 30 is, and 32 is a wire feeding nozzle.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures
The nozzle coaxial self-selection multi-hot wire plasma arc metal composite additive device mainly comprises a nozzle coaxial self-selection multi-hot wire welding gun, a welding power supply, a wire feeding mechanism, a hot wire power supply coordination control device, a wire material coordination control device, a water circulation coordination control device and a robot body. The wire coordinated control device is connected with the wire feeding mechanism and the robot control cabinet, and adjusts the working state and the wire feeding speed of the wire feeding mechanism according to signals sent by the robot control cabinet; the hot wire power supply coordination control device is connected with the hot wire power supply and the robot control cabinet, and adjusts the working state and the heating current of the hot wire power supply according to signals sent by the robot control cabinet; the water circulation coordination control device is connected with the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe, adjusts the working state according to the signal sent by the robot control cabinet, and continuously cools the wire feeding nozzle in the wire feeding channel.
The nozzle coaxial self-selecting multi-hot wire plasma arc metal composite additive manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
step (1): four wires of different materials are selected before the experiment, a wire feeding nozzle with a proper inner hole diameter is selected according to the diameter of a welding wire and the requirement on performance, a substrate is polished, the inner shrinkage of a tungsten electrode is adjusted to be about 3mm, then the distance between a welding gun and a workpiece is adjusted to be about 6mm, and experiment parameters are set according to the actual requirement of the experiment.
Step (2): the wire feeding speed of the wire feeding mechanism I is adjusted through the wire coordinated control device, the wire I is conveyed by the wire feeding mechanism I independently, the wire enters the wire feeding channel I through the wire guiding pipe, the wire is fed into a molten pool right below a nozzle through a wire feeding nozzle (32) in the wire feeding channel I, meanwhile, the heating current of the hot wire power supply I is controlled and adjusted through the hot wire power supply coordinated control device (3), the wire I is heated through resistance heat, a water circulation coordinated control device (9) is adjusted to be in a water feeding state, and water circulation is formed through the water inlet pipe I and the water outlet pipe I to cool the wire feeding nozzle (32).
And (3): after finishing setting the movement track, adjust the wire feed speed of wire feeder II through wire material coordinated control device, alone by wire feeder II transport wire material II, get into wire feed passageway II by the seal wire pipe, send into the molten bath under the nozzle through wire feed mouth (32) of wire feed passageway II inside, simultaneously, hot wire power II is controlled by hot wire power coordinated control device (3) and is adjusted the heating current, utilize resistance heat to wire material II heating, water circulation coordinated control device (9) are adjusted into and send the water state, form water circulation through inlet tube II and outlet pipe II and cool off wire feed mouth (32).
And (4): after the movement track is set, the wire feeding speed of the wire feeding mechanism III is adjusted through the wire coordinating and controlling device, the wire III is conveyed by the wire feeding mechanism III alone, enters the wire feeding channel III through the wire guiding pipe and is fed into a molten pool right below the nozzle through a wire feeding nozzle (32) in the wire feeding channel III, meanwhile, the heating current of the hot wire power supply III is controlled and adjusted through the hot wire power supply coordinating and controlling device (3), the wire III is heated through resistance heat, the water circulation coordinating and controlling device (9) is adjusted to be in a water feeding state, and water circulation is formed through the water inlet pipe III and the water outlet pipe III to cool the wire feeding nozzle (32).
And (5): after the movement track is set, the wire feeding speed of the wire feeding mechanism IV is adjusted through the wire coordinating and controlling device, the wire IV is conveyed by the wire feeding mechanism IV alone, enters the wire feeding channel IV through the wire guiding pipe and is fed into a molten pool right below the nozzle through a wire feeding nozzle (32) in the wire feeding channel IV, meanwhile, the hot wire power supply IV is controlled and adjusted by the hot wire power supply coordinating and controlling device (3) to heat the wire IV by resistance heat, the water circulation coordinating and controlling device (9) is adjusted to be in a water feeding state, and water circulation is formed through the water inlet pipe IV and the water outlet pipe IV to cool the wire feeding nozzle (32). This is repeated until the multicomponent intermetallic compound structure is completed.
The device is used in a plasma additive manufacturing system, and specifically adopts the following equipment models: the robot comprises a MOTOMAN MH6 arc welding robot, a DX100 control cabinet and a working platform, wherein a welding power supply is a Fonis Magic Wave 3000 type welding machine, an argon arc welding gun and a hot wire power supply is a TIG direct current welding power supply of an EWM company.
The invention provides a coaxial self-selection multi-hot wire plasma arc metal composite additive method for a nozzle, which can realize an interlaced plasma hot wire stacking experiment for four wires made of different materials, and comprises the following specific steps:
step (1): selecting wires of which the diameters are 1.0mm and which are made of stainless steel, high nitrogen steel, copper and ultrahigh strength steel, respectively serving as a wire I, a wire II, a wire III and a wire IV, and selecting a wire feeding nozzle of which the inner hole diameter is 1.2 mm. Polishing the substrate, adjusting the internal shrinkage of the tungsten electrode to be about 3mm, adjusting the distance between a welding gun and a workpiece to be about 6mm, setting the ionic gas flow to be 1.2L/min, the protective gas flow to be 20L/min, the welding speed to be 20cm/min and the power supply current to be 150A.
Step (2): the wire feeding speed of the wire feeding mechanism I is adjusted to be 1.5m/min through the wire coordinated control device, the wire I is conveyed by the wire feeding mechanism I independently, the wire I enters the wire feeding channel I through the wire guiding pipe and is fed into a molten pool right below a nozzle through a wire feeding nozzle (32) in the wire feeding channel I, meanwhile, the heating current of the hot wire power supply I is controlled and adjusted to be 67A through the hot wire power supply coordinated control device (3), the wire I is heated by resistance heat, the water circulation coordinated control device (9) is adjusted to be in a water feeding state, and water circulation is formed through the water inlet pipe I and the water outlet pipe I to cool the wire feeding nozzle (32).
And (3): after finishing one layer, the wire feeding speed of the wire feeding mechanism II is adjusted to be 1.5m/min through the wire coordinating and controlling device, the wire II is conveyed by the wire feeding mechanism II independently, enters the wire feeding channel II through the wire guiding pipe and is fed into a molten pool right below a nozzle through a wire feeding nozzle (32) in the wire feeding channel II, meanwhile, the heating current of the hot wire power supply II is controlled and adjusted to be 67A through the hot wire power supply coordinating and controlling device (3), the wire II is heated by resistance heat, the water circulation coordinating and controlling device (9) is adjusted to be in a water feeding state, and water circulation formed through the water inlet pipe II and the water outlet pipe II cools the wire feeding nozzle (32).
And (4): after finishing one layer, the wire feeding speed of the wire feeding mechanism III is adjusted to be 1.5m/min through the wire coordinating and controlling device, the wire III is conveyed by the wire feeding mechanism III alone, enters the wire feeding channel III through the wire guiding pipe and is fed into a molten pool right below a nozzle through a wire feeding nozzle (32) in the wire feeding channel III, meanwhile, the heating current of the hot wire power supply III is controlled and adjusted to be 67A through the hot wire power supply coordinating and controlling device (3), the wire III is heated by resistance heat, the water circulation coordinating and controlling device (9) is adjusted to be in a water feeding state, and water circulation formed by the water inlet pipe III and the water outlet pipe III cools the wire feeding nozzle (32).
And (5): after finishing one layer, the wire feeding speed of the wire feeding mechanism IV is adjusted to be 1.5m/min through the wire coordinating and controlling device, the wire IV is independently conveyed by the wire feeding mechanism IV, enters the wire feeding channel IV through the wire guiding pipe and is fed into a molten pool right below a nozzle through a wire feeding nozzle (32) in the wire feeding channel IV, meanwhile, the heating current of the hot wire power supply IV is controlled and adjusted to be 67A through the hot wire power supply coordinating and controlling device (3), the wire IV is heated by resistance heat, the water circulation coordinating and controlling device (9) is adjusted to be in a water feeding state, and water circulation is formed through the water inlet pipe IV and the water outlet pipe IV to cool the wire feeding nozzle (32). This is repeated until the multicomponent intermetallic compound structure is completed.
The foregoing description is by way of example only and is not intended to limit the present invention, which may be modified and varied by those skilled in the art. All changes, substitutions, improvements and the like that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention are deemed to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A nozzle coaxial self-selecting multi-hot-wire plasma arc metal composite additive device is characterized by comprising: the nozzle is coaxial and is formed by a multi-hot-wire welding gun (11), a welding power supply (10), a wire feeding mechanism, a hot-wire power supply coordination control device (3), a wire material coordination control device (2), a water circulation coordination control device (9) and a robot (4) which are selected automatically; the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the welding power supply (10) are respectively connected with the substrate and the tungsten electrode, the wire material coordination control device (2) is connected with the wire feeding mechanism and the robot control cabinet (1), and the working state and the wire feeding speed of the wire feeding mechanism are adjusted according to signals sent by the robot control cabinet (1); the hot wire power supply coordination control device (3) is connected with the hot wire power supply and the robot control cabinet (1), and adjusts the working state and the heating current of the hot wire power supply according to signals sent by the robot control cabinet (1); the water circulation coordination control device (9) is connected with the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe, adjusts the working state according to the signal sent by the robot control cabinet (1), and continuously cools the wire feeding nozzle in the wire feeding channel;
the nozzle is coaxial and is arranged on the periphery of a protective gas hood (16) at the tail end of the plasma welding gun at intervals of theta angles by selecting a multi-hot-wire welding gun (11) as a plurality of wire feeding channels, so that wires sent out by each wire feeding channel are intersected with the axis of the plasma welding gun;
the nozzle is coaxially fixed on the robot (4) by a multi-hot-wire welding gun (11) selected automatically, and is connected with a welding power supply (10), the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the hot-wire power supply are connected with wires, and continuous resistance heating is carried out on the wires arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; the wire feeding channel is provided with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe which are used for cooling a wire feeding nozzle (32) in the wire feeding channel.
2. The nozzle-coaxial self-selecting multi-hot-wire plasma arc metal composite additive device of claim 1, wherein: the 4 wire feeding channels are circumferentially arranged at intervals of 90 degrees at the periphery of the protective gas hood.
3. The nozzle-coaxial self-selecting multi-hot-wire plasma arc metal composite additive device of claim 2, wherein: the hot wire power supply comprises a hot wire power supply I, a hot wire power supply II, a hot wire power supply III and a hot wire power supply IV (15); the hot wire power supply I (5) is connected with the hot wire power supply coordination control device (3) and the wire material I, the robot control cabinet (1) sends a signal to the hot wire power supply coordination control device (3) to control the start and stop of the hot wire power supply I (5), and the heating current is adjusted; the hot wire power supply II (6) is connected with the hot wire power supply coordination control device (3) and the wire material II, the robot control cabinet (1) sends a signal to the hot wire power supply coordination control device (3) to control the start and stop of the hot wire power supply II (6), and the heating current is adjusted; the hot wire power supply III (14) is connected with the hot wire power supply coordination control device (3) and the wire material III, the robot control cabinet (1) sends a signal to the hot wire power supply coordination control device (3) to control the start and stop of the hot wire power supply III (14), and the heating current is adjusted; the hot wire power supply IV (15) is connected with the hot wire power supply coordination control device (3) and the wire material IV, the robot control cabinet (1) sends a signal to the hot wire power supply coordination control device (3) to control the start and stop of the hot wire power supply IV (15), and the heating current is adjusted.
4. The nozzle-coaxial self-selecting multi-hot-wire plasma arc metal composite additive device of claim 2, wherein: the wire feeding mechanism comprises a wire feeding mechanism I, a wire feeding mechanism II, a wire feeding mechanism III (12) and a wire feeding mechanism IV (13); the wire feeding mechanism I (7) is connected with the wire coordinating control device (2), the fed wire I is conveyed into the wire feeding channel I (17) through a wire guide pipe, the robot control cabinet (1) sends a signal to the wire coordinating control device (2) to adjust the wire feeding current of the wire feeding mechanism I (7), and further the wire feeding speed of the wire feeding mechanism I (7) is adjusted; the wire feeding mechanism II (8) is connected with the wire coordinating control device (2), the fed wire II is conveyed into the wire feeding channel II (18) through a wire guide pipe, the robot control cabinet (1) sends a signal to the wire coordinating control device (2) to adjust the wire feeding current of the wire feeding mechanism II (8), and further the wire feeding speed of the wire feeding mechanism II (8) is adjusted; the wire feeding mechanism III (12) is connected with the wire coordinating control device (2), the fed wire III is conveyed into the wire feeding channel III (27) through a wire guide pipe, the robot control cabinet (1) sends a signal to the wire coordinating control device (2) to adjust the wire feeding current of the wire feeding mechanism III (12), and further the wire feeding speed of the wire feeding mechanism III (27) is adjusted; wire feeding mechanism IV (13) is connected with wire material coordinated control device (2), wire material IV that sends is sent in wire guide pipe carries a silk passageway IV (30), and robot control cabinet (1) sends the signal and gives wire material coordinated control device (2), adjusts the wire feed current of wire feeding mechanism IV (13), and then adjusts the wire feed speed of wire feeding mechanism IV (13).
5. The nozzle-coaxial self-selecting multi-hot-wire plasma arc metal composite additive device of claim 2, wherein: the water inlet pipe comprises a water inlet pipe I, a water inlet pipe II and a water inlet pipe III (24); the water inlet pipe I (19) and the water outlet pipe I (20) are positioned at the top of the wire feeding channel I (17), and the water feeding and water cutting states are adjusted by the water circulation coordination control device (9); the water inlet pipe II (21) and the water outlet pipe I (23) are positioned at the top of the wire feeding channel II (18), and the water feeding and water cutting states are adjusted by the water circulation coordination control device (9); the water inlet pipe III (24) and the water outlet pipe III (25) are positioned at the top of the wire feeding channel III (27), and the water feeding and water cutting states are adjusted by the water circulation coordination control device (9); the water inlet pipe IV (28) and the water outlet pipe I (29) are positioned at the top of the wire feeding channel IV (30), and the water feeding and water cutting states are regulated by the water circulation coordination control device (9).
6. The nozzle coaxial self-selecting multi-hot wire plasma arc metal composite additive device of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the nozzle is coaxial, and the diameter of an inner hole of a wire feeding nozzle (32) of the multi-hot-wire welding gun (11) is 1.0-1.4 mm, and the diameter of a wire is 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1.0mm or 1.2 mm.
7. The nozzle coaxial self-selecting multi-hot wire plasma arc metal composite additive device of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the included angle between the coaxial wire feeding channel of the multi-hot wire welding gun (11) and the vertical direction is 40 degrees, and the wire passes through the wire feeding channel and is fed into a position 4-6mm below the nozzle by a wire feeding nozzle (32) to be continuously melted.
8. The nozzle coaxial self-selecting multi-hot wire plasma arc metal composite additive device of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the nozzle is coaxial, a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe are arranged at the top of a wire feeding channel of a multi-hot-wire welding gun (11) selected by self, the outer part of the nozzle is composed of a metal shell (31), a water channel is arranged in the nozzle, water feeding is regulated through a water circulation control device (9) to form water circulation, and a wire feeding nozzle (32) is cooled.
9. The nozzle coaxial self-selecting multi-hot wire plasma arc metal composite additive device of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the nozzle is coaxial and is connected with the protective gas hood (16) through welding from the wire feeding channel of the multi-hot-wire welding gun (11), and the wire feeding nozzle (32) is connected inside the wire feeding channel through threads.
10. A plasma arc electric arc additive manufacturing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
four wires made of different materials are selected before an additive experiment, are respectively conveyed by a wire feeding mechanism, are independently conveyed by the wire feeding mechanism I, enter a wire feeding channel I through a wire guide pipe, and are fed into a molten pool right below a nozzle through a wire feeding nozzle (32) in the wire feeding channel I, meanwhile, a hot wire power supply I is controlled and regulated by a hot wire power supply coordination control device (3) to heat the wires I by resistance heat, a water circulation coordination control device (9) is regulated into a water feeding state, and water circulation is formed through a water inlet pipe I and a water outlet pipe I to cool the wire feeding nozzle (32); after the set motion trail is finished, the wire II is conveyed by the wire feeding mechanism II independently, enters the wire feeding channel II through the wire guide pipe, and is fed into a molten pool right below a nozzle through a wire feeding nozzle (32) in the wire feeding channel II, meanwhile, the heating current of the hot wire power supply II is controlled and adjusted by the hot wire power supply coordination control device (3), the wire II is heated by resistance heat, the water circulation coordination control device (9) is adjusted to be in a water feeding state, and water circulation is formed through the water inlet pipe II and the water outlet pipe II to cool the wire feeding nozzle (32); after the set motion trail is finished, the wire III is conveyed by the wire feeding mechanism III independently, enters the wire feeding channel III through the wire guide pipe, is fed into a molten pool right below a nozzle through a wire feeding nozzle (32) in the wire feeding channel III, meanwhile, the heating current of the hot wire power supply III is controlled and adjusted by the hot wire power supply coordination control device (3), the wire III is heated by resistance heat, the water circulation coordination control device (9) is adjusted to be in a water feeding state, and water circulation is formed through the water inlet pipe III and the water outlet pipe III to cool the wire feeding nozzle (32); after the set motion trail is finished, the wire IV is conveyed by the wire feeding mechanism IV independently, enters the wire feeding channel IV through the wire guide pipe, is fed into a molten pool right below a nozzle through a wire feeding nozzle (32) in the wire feeding channel IV, meanwhile, a hot wire power supply IV is controlled and adjusted by a hot wire power supply coordination control device (3) to heat the wire IV by resistance heat, a water circulation coordination control device (9) is adjusted to be in a water feeding state, water circulation is formed through the water inlet pipe IV and the water outlet pipe IV to cool the wire feeding nozzle (32), and the steps are repeated until the multicomponent intermetallic compound component is finished.
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