CN112439985A - Wire and nozzle co-heating plasma arc additive device and method - Google Patents

Wire and nozzle co-heating plasma arc additive device and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112439985A
CN112439985A CN201910831607.7A CN201910831607A CN112439985A CN 112439985 A CN112439985 A CN 112439985A CN 201910831607 A CN201910831607 A CN 201910831607A CN 112439985 A CN112439985 A CN 112439985A
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China
Prior art keywords
nozzle
wire
wire feeding
wires
plasma
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CN201910831607.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
冯曰海
汤荣华
王克鸿
韩豪
孙跃
鄂炫宇
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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Priority to CN201910831607.7A priority Critical patent/CN112439985A/en
Publication of CN112439985A publication Critical patent/CN112439985A/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K10/00Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
    • B23K10/02Plasma welding
    • B23K10/027Welding for purposes other than joining, e.g. build-up welding

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a wire and nozzle co-heating plasma arc additive device, which comprises a nozzle, an adapter, a tungsten electrode, a gun body, a wire feeding nozzle and a protective gas hood, wherein two wires symmetrically arranged at two sides of the tungsten electrode are arranged on the nozzle, and the wire feeding nozzle for conveying the wires is arranged above the protective gas hood. According to the device, the two wires and the tungsten electrode are positioned on the same axis, so that the interference of an external wire feeding clamp and a workpiece when the welding gun moves is reduced, and the space accessibility of material addition is increased; two silk materials melt simultaneously, and deposition rate improves the one time, and owing to send a pore and the nozzle is integrated as an organic whole, when plasma shifts the arc and passes through a pore, the heat of heating nozzle can be partly used for the heating to sending into the silk material to can improve the melting speed of silk material under same standard, the plasma vibration material disk of realization complicated metal parts that can be high-efficient quick increases the material manufacturing.

Description

Wire and nozzle co-heating plasma arc additive device and method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric arc additive manufacturing, and mainly relates to a wire and nozzle co-heating plasma arc additive device and method
Background
The plasma arc additive manufacturing method is characterized in that plasma arcs are used as heat sources, wires are melted and deposited layer by layer according to a preset path until the manufacturing of metal parts is completed. The method has the advantages of low cost, high material utilization rate, rapidness and high efficiency, and the formed metal has uniform chemical components and high density, and is suitable for manufacturing large-size parts in low cost and small batch.
With the rapid development of industries such as aerospace, transportation, ocean engineering and the like, the requirement on the additive manufacturing technology is higher and higher, and the production efficiency of the traditional plasma single wire filling additive manufacturing process cannot meet the industrial requirement. Therefore, a fast and efficient plasma additive manufacturing process is urgently needed. The double-wire-filling plasma additive manufacturing process melts two wires simultaneously under the same heat input condition, the deposition efficiency is doubled, but the traditional wire feeding mode is that two wire feeding nozzles fixed on a welding gun by using an external clamp respectively feed wires, the equipment is complex, and the space accessibility is small.
A welding method of cross coupling between non-consumable electrode arc and twin-wire consumable electrode arc (application No. 201311115174.X) discloses a multi-electrode coupling cross welding method, wherein two welding wires connected with a power supply are crossed from two opposite sides into the position under the non-consumable electrode arc, so that heat input on a workpiece is applied to the welding wires, energy efficiency can be improved, and deformation and material performance change can be reduced. However, the method is too complex in equipment and high in cost, and is not suitable for plasma additive manufacturing. The patent relates to a small-angle wire-filling plasma welding device and a method (application number 201811517749.8), and discloses a plasma welding method in which welding wires are fed from the outer side wall of a nozzle, then are fed from the end face of the bottom of the nozzle, and directly enter an arc column region at a small angle. The method only conveys one wire, improves the deposition efficiency to a limited extent, and needs a clamp to fix the wire guide pipe outside the nozzle, thereby reducing the accessibility of space during welding and increasing the cost. A method and a device (application number 201810869751.5) for manufacturing intermetallic compounds additive based on bypass twin-wire plasma arc disclose a method for improving additive efficiency by heating two bypass wires by using a bypass circuit. The method does not contain specific description of wire feeding mode, and adopts a bypass hot wire mode. The heating mode is complicated, the circuit is complicated, the wire is heated by current, plasma arc instability is easily caused during welding, and continuous welding is difficult to realize. How to improve space accessibility and improve deposition efficiency while ensuring the uncomplicated device is always the key point of continuous research and exploration.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wire and nozzle co-heating plasma arc additive manufacturing device and method, which can improve the plasma additive manufacturing production efficiency and solve the problem of small space accessibility of the traditional double-wire-filling plasma additive manufacturing process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
wire and nozzle consubstantial co-heating plasma arc additive device includes: the device comprises a nozzle, a wire feeding nozzle, an adapter, a tungsten electrode, a plasma welding gun and a protective gas hood; the terminal compound shell internal connection of plasma welding torch has adapter and nozzle, and compound shell end-to-end connection has the shielding gas cover, the end of tungsten utmost point is inside the nozzle, there is the first wire feed pore and the second of sending of symmetrical arrangement on tungsten utmost point both sides on the nozzle and send a pore, and the silk material is sent into by sending the silk mouth respectively, send a pore to get into under the electric arc through first wire feed pore and second, and silk material accessible anchor clamps are fixed on the plasma welding torch, and the passageway gets into ion gas in the nozzle, and the adapter of connection on the plasma welding torch body passes through the shielding gas, and gets into from the passageway that forms between nozzle and the shielding gas cover.
The first wire feeding pore passage and the second wire feeding pore passage are integrated with the nozzle, the wire enters the position right below the electric arc through the first wire feeding pore passage and the second wire feeding pore passage, the tail ends of the wire feeding and the tungsten electrode are positioned on the same axis, and the tail ends of the wire feeding and the tungsten electrode are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the tungsten electrode.
The inclination angles of the first wire feeding channel and the second wire feeding channel are 40-70 degrees.
The diameters of the first wire feeding channel and the second wire feeding channel in the nozzle are 1.0-1.4 mm, and the diameters of the wires are 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1.0mm or 1.2 mm.
The first wire feeding channel and the second wire feeding channel are integrated with the nozzle, and the electric arc has a part of energy for heating the wires, so that the deposition rate can be improved.
A heat-resistant sealing rubber ring is used between the wire feeding nozzle and the adapter to prevent the protective gas from overflowing, and an insulating sleeve is used between a copper pipe in the wire feeding nozzle and the nozzle to prevent the nozzle from being burnt out due to electric conduction; the diameter range of the two copper pipes is 3.0 mm-5.0 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: 1. when the device provided by the invention is used for a plasma additive manufacturing test, the two wires and the tungsten electrode are positioned on the same axis, so that the interference between an external wire feeding clamp and a workpiece is reduced, the requirement on space is greatly reduced, and the cost is reduced; 2. this device is because send a pore and nozzle integration as an organic whole, and when plasma shifts the arc and passes through the nozzle aperture, the heat that heats the nozzle can be partly used for the heating to the silk material of sending into to can improve the melting speed of silk material under same standard, and then can make and send a speed to promote, make deposition rate obtain promoting. 3. When the plasma additive manufacturing method is used for plasma additive manufacturing, the space accessibility is higher, the reaching range is wider, and the plasma additive manufacturing of complex parts can be efficiently and quickly realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a wire and nozzle co-heated plasma arc additive manufacturing device.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a wire and nozzle co-heated plasma arc additive manufacturing system.
Wherein 1 is a protective gas cover, 2 is a nozzle, 3 is a first wire feeding hole channel, 4 and 12 are copper tubes, 5 and 10 are wire feeding nozzles, 6 and 11 are wires, 7 is a tungsten electrode, 8 is an adapter, 9 is a plasma welding gun, and 13 is a second wire feeding hole channel.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures
The plasma arc material increasing device with the same body of the wire material and the nozzle comprises the nozzle, an adapter, a tungsten electrode, a gun body, a wire feeding nozzle and a protective gas cover, wherein the adapter and the nozzle are connected inside a composite shell at the tail end of the plasma welding gun, the protective gas cover is connected at the tail end of the composite shell, the tail end of the tungsten electrode is arranged inside the nozzle, two wire materials which are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the tungsten electrode are arranged on the nozzle, and the wire feeding nozzle for conveying the wire materials is arranged above the protective gas cover. Two wires pass through the wire feeding pore canal inside the plasma arc nozzle during material increase, so that the two wires are heated by the waste heat of the electric arc of the plasma arc nozzle, the temperature of the wires is increased, the wires are respectively fed below the tungsten electrode from the bottom end faces of two sides of the nozzle, enter the arc column area at a fixed angle of 40-70 degrees, and the electric arc material increase of a complex shape is realized through the fixed track movement of the welding gun.
Preferably, the nozzle is formed by expanding the width of the edge to 25mm while maintaining the original nozzle structure, and the nozzle material must have good thermal conductivity in order to reduce the temperature of the nozzle more rapidly, so that pure copper is selected, and the circulating water flows through the cooling water passage on the nozzle to cool the nozzle continuously.
Preferably, the wire feeding nozzle is connected with the adapter through threads, and a heat-resistant sealing rubber ring is used for preventing protective gas from leaking. The copper pipe is connected with the adapter and the nozzle through threads, and an insulating sleeve is arranged between the copper pipe and the nozzle to prevent electric leakage.
The wire and nozzle consubstantiality co-heating plasma arc additive method specifically comprises the following steps:
before the plasma arc additive manufacturing method is used for additive manufacturing, a proper nozzle is selected according to the diameter of a welding wire and the requirement on performance, and preparation work before welding is carried out; adjusting the internal shrinkage of a tungsten electrode to about 3mm, then adjusting the distance between a welding gun and a workpiece to about 6mm, starting a plasma power supply, setting welding parameters according to the actual requirements of experiments, feeding ion gas into a channel in the nozzle, and feeding protective gas into a channel between the nozzle and a protective gas cover; two wires pass through a wire feeding channel in the plasma arc nozzle, so that the two wires are heated by the waste heat of the electric arc of the plasma arc nozzle, the temperature of the wires is increased, the wires are respectively fed into the position 5mm below the tungsten electrode from the bottom end faces of two sides of the nozzle, enter an arc column area at a fixed angle of 40-70 degrees, and move through a fixed track of a welding gun, and the electric arc additive with a complex shape is realized.
Examples
The device is used in a plasma additive manufacturing system, and specifically adopts the following equipment models: MOTOMAN MH6 arc welding robot, DX100 control cabinet and work platform, welding power supply is the welding machine of the Fonis Magic Wave 3000 type, argon arc welding gun, two wire feeding mechanisms. The equipment is adopted to carry out the plasma additive manufacturing of the double wire filling of the heterogeneous wire.
Step (1): selecting high nitrogen steel and stainless steel welding wires with the diameter of 1.0mm, selecting a nozzle with a wire feeding pore channel inclined angle of 40 degrees, adjusting the distance between the wire and the nozzle to be 5mm, carrying out preparation work before welding, and connecting equipment and a device according to a schematic diagram.
Step (2): after the material adding device is connected, the internal shrinkage of a tungsten electrode is adjusted to be about 3mm, then the distance between a welding gun and a workpiece is adjusted to be about 6mm, a plasma power supply is started, according to the actual needs of experiments, a plasma current 160A, a plasma gas flow rate of 1.0L/min, a protective gas flow rate of 18L/min, a welding speed of 25cm/min and wire feeding speeds of two wires are set to be 2.7m/min, ion gas is fed into a channel in the nozzle, and the protective gas is fed into a channel between the nozzle and a protective gas cover.
And (3): starting the high-frequency oscillation arc starter to generate plasma arc, simultaneously feeding two wires into a position 5mm below a tungsten electrode from the bottom end faces of two sides of a plasma arc nozzle through a wire feeding channel in the plasma arc nozzle, respectively entering an arc column area at a fixed angle of 40 degrees, walking according to a set path, and directly producing an intermetallic compound component
The foregoing description is by way of example only and is not intended to limit the present invention, which may be modified and varied by those skilled in the art. All changes, substitutions, improvements and the like that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention are deemed to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. Wire and nozzle consubstantial co-heating plasma arc additive device includes: the device comprises a nozzle (2), wire feeding nozzles (5) and (10), an adapter (8), a tungsten electrode (7), a plasma welding gun (9) and a protective gas hood (1); the method is characterized in that: plasma welding gun (9) terminal compound shell internal connection has adapter (8) and nozzle (2), and compound shell end-to-end connection has shielding gas hood (1), the end of tungsten utmost point (7) is inside the nozzle, nozzle (2) are gone up to have the first wire feeding pore (3) and the second of symmetrical arrangement at tungsten utmost point both sides and send wire pore (13), and silk material (6), (11) are sent into by sending wire mouth (5) and (10) respectively, send wire pore (13) into electric arc under first wire feeding pore (3) and second, and silk material accessible anchor clamps are fixed on plasma welding gun (9), and the passageway gets into ion gas in nozzle (2), and adapter (8) of connection on plasma welding gun (9) rifle body pass through the shielding gas, and from the passageway entering that forms between nozzle (2) and shielding gas hood (1).
2. The wire and nozzle consubstantial co-thermal plasma arc additive device of claim 1, wherein: the first wire feeding pore passage (3) and the second wire feeding pore passage (13) are integrated with the nozzle (5), wires (6) and (11) enter the position right below the electric arc through the first wire feeding pore passage (3) and the second wire feeding pore passage (13), the wire feeding tail end and the tungsten electrode (7) are positioned on the same axis, and the wires and the tungsten electrode are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the tungsten electrode.
3. The wire and nozzle consubstantial co-thermal plasma arc additive device of claim 1, wherein: the inclination angles of the first wire feeding duct (3) and the second wire feeding duct (13) are 40-70 degrees.
4. The wire and nozzle consubstantial co-thermal plasma arc additive device of claim 1, wherein: the diameters of the first wire feeding channel (3) and the second wire feeding channel (13) in the nozzle (2) are 1.0-1.4 mm, and the diameters of the wires (6) and (11) are 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1.0mm or 1.2 mm.
5. The wire and nozzle consubstantial co-thermal plasma arc additive device of claim 1, wherein: the first wire feeding hole channel (3) and the second wire feeding hole channel (13) are integrated with the nozzle (2), and the electric arc has a part of energy for heating the wires, so that the deposition rate can be improved.
6. The wire and nozzle consubstantial co-thermal plasma arc additive device of claim 1, wherein: a heat-resistant sealing rubber ring is used between the wire feeding nozzles (5) and (10) and the adapter (8) to prevent the overflow of protective gas, and an insulating sleeve is used between the copper pipes (4) and (12) in the wire feeding nozzles (5) and (10) and the nozzle (2) to prevent the occurrence of electric conduction and cause the burning of the nozzle; the diameter range of the two copper pipes is 3.0 mm-5.0 mm.
7. A plasma arc electric arc additive manufacturing method is characterized in that: the method is concretely implemented as follows,
two wires pass through a wire feeding channel in the plasma arc nozzle, the two wires are heated by using the electric arc waste heat of the plasma arc nozzle, the temperature of the wires is increased, then the wires are respectively sent to the position 5mm below a tungsten electrode from the bottom end faces of two sides of the nozzle, enter an arc column area at a fixed angle of 40-70 degrees, and move through a fixed track of a welding gun, so that electric arc material increase of a complex shape is realized.
CN201910831607.7A 2019-09-04 2019-09-04 Wire and nozzle co-heating plasma arc additive device and method Pending CN112439985A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112935642A (en) * 2021-03-25 2021-06-11 南京航空航天大学 Supplementary electric arc vibration material disk active cooling system
CN113134670A (en) * 2021-04-27 2021-07-20 哈尔滨工业大学 Additive machining equipment and machining method
CN114473152A (en) * 2022-03-03 2022-05-13 南京理工大学 Preparation method and device of double-wire-feeding polarity-variable plasma Ni-Nb superalloy

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JPH08300159A (en) * 1995-05-08 1996-11-19 Daido Steel Co Ltd Torch for cladding by plasma welding
JPH1052756A (en) * 1996-08-08 1998-02-24 Mitsubishi Materials Corp Powder welding by cladding
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112935642A (en) * 2021-03-25 2021-06-11 南京航空航天大学 Supplementary electric arc vibration material disk active cooling system
CN113134670A (en) * 2021-04-27 2021-07-20 哈尔滨工业大学 Additive machining equipment and machining method
CN113134670B (en) * 2021-04-27 2022-10-25 哈尔滨工业大学 Additive machining equipment and machining method
CN114473152A (en) * 2022-03-03 2022-05-13 南京理工大学 Preparation method and device of double-wire-feeding polarity-variable plasma Ni-Nb superalloy
CN114473152B (en) * 2022-03-03 2024-04-16 南京理工大学 Preparation method and device of double-wire-feeding polarity-changing plasma Ni-Nb superalloy

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