CN104741499B - Sandwich layer forging die and preparation method of forging die sandwich layer surfacing - Google Patents
Sandwich layer forging die and preparation method of forging die sandwich layer surfacing Download PDFInfo
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- CN104741499B CN104741499B CN201510171656.4A CN201510171656A CN104741499B CN 104741499 B CN104741499 B CN 104741499B CN 201510171656 A CN201510171656 A CN 201510171656A CN 104741499 B CN104741499 B CN 104741499B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/24—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass dies
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sandwich layer forging die and a preparation method of forging die sandwich layer surfacing. The sandwich layer forging die is used for surfacing a layer of sandwich layer soft welding material which is better in plasticity and lower in yield strength than a cast steel substrate and a double-metal gradient surfacing material between the cast steel substrate and the double-metal gradient surfacing material; the preparation method of the forging die sandwich layer surfacing comprises the following steps of taking cast steel as the cast steel substrate, and welding a sandwich layer soft material on a substrate layer; surfacing a transition layer material on a substrate of a sandwich layer welded, welding and covering all sandwich materials to form a surfacing transition layer; welding a high-temperature wearing layer material; tempering to distress after the completion of the welding, and then mechanically processing to obtain a mould. The sandwich layer forging die provided by the invention is long service life and high in loading capacity of the cast steel substrate. According to the method provided by the invention, the critical bottleneck problems that the forging die is low in life and the die is high in manufacturing cost can be solved thoroughly, the die forging forming of various materials can be supported at high temperature and high pressure, and a brand new manufacturing method can be provided for forging die manufacturing.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of mold, and in particular to the preparation side of a kind of sandwich of layers forging die and forging die sandwich of layers built-up welding
Method.
Background technology
With the manufacturing development of national weight equipment, the equipment manufacture such as big aircraft, shipbuilding needs rapid lifting
Ability.Maximum large-scale stamp forging hydraulic press in the world（80000 tons of press）Arise at the historic moment, its forging die for using is widely used to boat
During the large-scale forging part in the fields such as sky, space flight, nuclear power, petrochemical industry is manufactured, such as big airframe framework, undercarriage, engine
Turbine disk etc., the forging material of these forging mainly including aluminium alloy, high temperature alloy, titanium alloy etc., be required to using forging die come
Shaping.However, difficult-to-deformation material（High temperature alloy, titanium alloy etc.）The forming temperature of large forgings is high, during forging and molding
Because forging is long with the contacting dies time, it is high that mould bears pressure, and the temperature rise of die cavity top layer is fast, and temperature is quickly raised to more than 700 DEG C,
Causing mold work field strength, hardness reduces rapidly, causes that die deformation is very big, abrasion is very serious, and die life is extremely low, mould
Forging 1-2 parts rear molds deformation is up to more than 10mm, and mould is of serious failure the problems such as can not reuse.
At present, large-scale stamp forging hydraulic press forging die is only prepared using materials such as H13 steel, big swage die hydraulic pressure could be met
The production of machine needs；However, some extension of life during forging die is manufactured although with forging H13 steel moald-cavities, but H13 steel price is high
Expensive, forging stock material and heat treatment after forging expense improve nearly 1 times compared with common process method, and forging die manufacture cost is at a relatively high.Therefore, make
High cost, the die life extremely low critical bottleneck for having turned into the large-scale difficult-to-deformation material die forging production of restriction are made, also as big pattern
The critical bottleneck that can forging hydraulic machine be afforded to use.Searching is a kind of can to significantly improve the service life of forging die, while mould can be reduced
Has the forging die preparation method of manufacturing cost, it has also become the art problem demanding prompt solution.
The content of the invention
For deficiencies of the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of service life is more long, pressure-bearing energy
Power sandwich of layers forging die higher.
It is a further object to provide a kind of preparation method of forging die sandwich of layers built-up welding, the method can preferably prolong
The life-span of forging die long, shortening new product development cycle, while can reduce die manufacturing cost again, fundamentally solve large-scale difficulty
The deformable material die forging critical bottleneck problem that die life is extremely low and die manufacturing cost is expensive.
Above-mentioned purpose is realized, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：A kind of sandwich of layers forging die, including cast steel substrate A, transition
Layer C and high-temperature wearable layer D；One layer of sandwich of layers B of built-up welding between cast steel substrate A and transition zone C；The sandwich of layers B castings
More preferably, yield strength is lower for both steel matrix A and transition zone C plasticity；
Wherein, the plastic range of sandwich of layers B is：δ elongation percentage >=14.7%, ψ shrinkage factor >=31.2%；Yield strength scope
For：σ s yield strengths >=550MPa.
Preferably, the δ elongation percentage of sandwich of layers B is 14.7% ~ 20%, ψ shrinkage factors for 31.2% ~ 36%, σ s yield strengths are
550~570 MPA。
A kind of preparation method of forging die sandwich of layers built-up welding, comprises the following steps：
1）Poured as die matrix material using cast steel and outpour die matrix to be welded；Wherein, more than the reserved built-up welding in die cavity position
Amount；The reserved built-up welding surplus thickness of institute can typically reserve 40 ~ 90 mm depending on specific mould species and model.
2）In step 1）Pour on the die matrix to be welded being poured in, along the shape at reserved built-up welding, built-up welding plasticity is good and surrenders
The soft wlding of sandwich of layers of low intensity, is welded to 14 ~ 16 mm under Die cavity profile line；The plasticity is good and yield strength is low is
Refer to that its mechanical performance index can reach following standard：σsYield strength >=550MPa, σbTensile strength >=760MPa, δ elongation percentage >=
14.7%, ψ shrinkage factor >=31.2%, 30~35HRC of hardness；So, after obtained mould receives high-pressure peak stress, sandwich of layers exists
Cushion effect is played between transition zone and cast steel substrate, elastic deformation even micro plastic deformation is produced first, by high-pressure peak
Stress spreads rapidly decrease, effectively the safety of protection cast steel substrate, and the peak stress value that will not be born by cast steel substrate is too high, and
Cast steel substrate is caused to rupture.
3）In step 2）Weld on the die matrix of sandwich of layers, along the shape of surplus shape and sandwich of layers at reserved built-up welding
Shape, built-up welding intensity and hardness transition zone wlding material higher, by sandwich layer material, all covering is encased, and continues to be welded to mould
8 ~ 11 mm under die cavity contour line；The intensity and hardness it is higher refer to that its mechanical performance index can reach following standard：σsSurrender
Intensity >=790MPa, σbTensile strength >=1100MPa, δ elongation percentage >=11.7%, ψ shrinkage factor >=28.9%, 45~50HRC of hardness；
So, transition zone can be well combined with sandwich of layers, can be effectively connected with the cast steel substrate in mould upstream region again, moreover it is possible to with
High-temperature wearable layer afterwards is well combined.Due to the addition of sandwich layer material, the stress spread between transition zone and cast steel substrate becomes
Obtain more uniform, region of stress concentration can effectively protect the safety of cast steel substrate below die cavity, and prevent transition zone material
Material occurs formation of crack when horizontal tensile stress is born.
4）In step 3）Weld on the die matrix of transition zone, built-up welding high-temperature wearable layer wlding material, covering mould is main
Wear-resisting working region or whole wear areas, are welded to 4 ~ 6 mm on die cavity contour line；The power of the high-temperature wearable layer wlding material
Learning performance indications can reach following standard：σsYield strength >=1000MPa, σbTensile strength >=1400MPa, δ elongation percentage >=
9.6%, ψ shrinkage factor >=26.5%, 50~55HRC of hardness；This layer of strong hardness is higher than transition zone and sandwich of layers, elongation percentage, contraction
Rate, impact flexibility and high-temperature behavior are good, are wear-resisting and thermal fatigue resistance ergosphere, are played a major role in forging die mold work.
By the collaboration compatibility combination of above-mentioned three layers of weld overlay materials, due to sandwich layer material when high pressure is born with certain
Deformability, can be extended high-temperature wearable layer and the service life of transition zone.
5）Mould after three built-up welding are finished repeats retarded cooling process after double tempering, then by after second slow cooling
Mould place in atmosphere, carry out being air cooled to room temperature；Wherein, temperature is 530 ~ 570 DEG C, slow cooling temperature to 160 ~ 180
℃；Because mould can produce the unstable tissue such as martensite, austenite in welding heat affected zone, while there is larger planted agent
Power；And if mould cooling velocity is too fast, it is easy to produce hardened structure, cause the defects such as crackle；Tempering slow cooling is processed
To the tempered martensite of stabilization, structure stability can be improved, make mould that structural transformation no longer to occur in use, so that
Make its physical dimension and property retention stabilization；Internal stress is eliminated simultaneously, to improve mold use performance and to stablize its geometry
Size；Also it is improvedDuctilityOrToughness, the mechanical property of mould is adjusted to meet use requirement；In order to prevent first kind Temper brittleness
Property generation, employ high tempering, i.e. temperature control is at 530 DEG C ~ 570 DEG C；In order to prevent temper brittleness
Produce, employ double tempering retarded cooling process；After second slow cooling, carry out being air cooled to room temperature during mould is placed into air；This is
Because to after less than 180 DEG C, tissue and performance are basicly stable, can in atmosphere be cooled to room temperature for slow cooling.
6）To step 5）Mould after air cooling is machined, and makes mold portions size in place, is obtained above-mentioned sandwich
Layer forging die.The position of forging die heap postwelding, with hardness higher, general machining cannot ensure size.The type of heap postwelding
Chamber surface is not perfectly flat whole, first can process plane with the dise knife of surface grinding machine or digital control processing, and pincers worker is rule by drawing, first
Electricity consumption pulse lathe is shaped, then the cutting of small surplus is carried out with numerical control milling, or directly uses grinder buffing, makes each of mould
Portion size is in place.
As optimization, the step 1）In, need to pour outpour treat welding mould carry out 920 DEG C quenching and 650 DEG C return
The treatment of fire, and oil cooling is to room temperature.So, remaining as-cast structure can be eliminated, tissue can again will not overheats, it is to avoid annealed
Tissue, makes its comprehensive mechanical performance meet product requirement.
2 the step of above-mentioned technology）、3）With 4）In, used as optimization, before built-up welding, need to treat welding mould carries out surface
Cleaning treatment, removes the oxide skin and welding slag of overlay surface after the completion of three built-up welding.Wherein described surface cleaning treatment refers to clear
Remove sand, oxide skin, greasy dirt, iron rust, burr and casting flaw.The castings such as shrinkage cavity, cracking specifically can be removed with carbon arc air gouging
Defect is made, then sand, oxide skin, greasy dirt, iron rust, burr etc., cleaning mold surface are removed with pneumatic grinder rifle.
As optimization, in the step 2）、3）With 4）In, in weld deposit process tapping mould by phased manner makes it vibrate,
Vibration frequency is 20~40 beats/min；So can reach extends deposited metal, prevents hydrogen embrittlement, refinement reinforcing position crystal grain, circle
Sliding rib angle, reduces stress concentration, improves dimensional accuracy stability, eliminates the fine crack and slag defect on built-up welding top layer, suppresses
The purpose that crackle occurs, improves deposited metal fatigue life；Wherein crystal grain thinning can not only improve the intensity of material, may be used also
To improve its plasticity and toughness；So that the stress that double-layer metal resurfacing welding strengthening process is produced preferably is discharged, each built-up welding is made
Layer competency, toughness combination it is more preferable.
As further optimization, in the step 2）With 3）In, sandwich layer material only covers according to maximum stress distribution
The partial arcs of lid base layer（40~60%）, matrix reserved area is completely covered rather than profile-followed welding；Because sandwich of layers
Material yield strength is very low, perfect condition even semi-solid material, and Main Function is to be diffused maximum stress, and then is made
Sandwich of layers is encased completely with buffer layer material, sandwich of layers plays cushion effect between transition zone and cast steel substrate, produces first
Raw elastic deformation even micro plastic deformation, decrease is spread rapidly by high-pressure peak stress, effectively the safety of protection cast steel substrate.
As further optimization, in the step 2 of above-mentioned technology）、3）With 4）In, CO need to be led to during built-up welding2It is mixed with Ar
Close gas to be protected, the volume ratio of the gas is：Ar80%~90%, CO210%~20%；Take and be passed through CO2It is mixed with Ar
Gas is closed, molten bath and molten drop can be protected, by them and air exclusion, prevent weld seam from producing the defects such as stomata；Electric arc is in protection gas
Heat is concentrated under the compression of stream, and speed of welding is very fast, and molten bath is smaller, and heat affected area is narrow, and weldment post welding distortion is small；And due to using
Rich argon mixed air mode, the splashing in welding process is also significantly reduced, and improves welding quality.
In above-mentioned steps 2）、3）With 4）In, used as one-step optimization again, welding wire feeding speed is 5~8M/min, weldering during welding
Meet 360~440A of electric current, 35~36V of weldingvoltage；The selection of above-mentioned parameter scope because, when weldingvoltage is too low, have
The tendency of adhesion mother metal；Voltage is too high, and arc phenomenon substantially increases, and molten bath is unstable, and splashing also increases；Welding current increases,
The fusion penetration of welding bead, molten wide, heap are high to be increased therewith, and dilution rate is declined slightly, but electric current is excessive, and splashing can increase；With weldering
The increase of speed is connect, molten wide and the heap reduction high of welding bead, fusion penetration and dilution rate increase, but weldering speed is too high, can make arc generation ratio
Increase, to control certain dilution rate, it is ensured that overlay properties, speed of welding general control is in 5~8M/min；Suitable welding
Parameter, can stabilised bath, prevent from splashing, control dilution rate etc., the overlay properties that raising is obtained.
In the step 2）、3）With 4）In, used as the optimization of another step, built-up welding front mold need to be preheated to 450~500 DEG C,
Mold temperature need to be maintained at more than 300 DEG C in weld deposit process；So, mould can keep uniform temperature in built-up welding, make deposition gold
The influence of temperature difference is reduced between category and mother metal, it is to avoid from many disadvantages that heat affected area is brought；And if weld is not carried out
Preheating, because the sharp popular drama of sweating heat is cold, its result can make high carbon cast steel mother metal generate martensite, and weld hardens, the sense of organization
Can be degenerated with mechanical performance, or even produce the fatal accidents such as crack.
Traditional forging industry is main using 5CrNiMo, 5CrMnMo, H13 etc. as mould steel at present, and these steel grades have one
Fixed quenching degree, elevated temperature strength and impact flexibility, but the life-span is very low and prevailing price is higher under high-temperature high-pressure state, it is difficult to should
For difficult-to-deformation material die forging forging die.According to a kind of original invention of applicant " double-metal layer built-up welding based on cast steel substrate
The method for preparing forging die（ZL200910104604X）" prepare difficult-to-deformation material（High temperature alloy, titanium alloy）Forging forging die,
Die-forging forming temperature is faced again higher, due to pressurize, time of contact is longer with mould for forging, it is difficult the problems such as resistance of deformation is bigger
To ensure the life-span higher.Therefore, it is original based on applicant applicant proposed a kind of forging die sandwich of layers manufacture new method
Invention " a kind of method that double-metal layer built-up welding based on cast steel substrate prepares forging die（ZL200910104604X）" on the basis of, then
More preferable soft material --- the sandwich of layers wlding of both one layer of plasticity ratios of closing of built-up welding between cast steel substrate and transition zone, in height
Pressure allows sandwich of layers that larger elastic deformation even small plastic deformation occurs, and the concentration peak stress below mold cavity is fast
Fast diffusive attenuation, and be delivered on cast steel substrate layer with approaches uniformity distributed stress, so that the maximum suffered by cast steel substrate should
Power lowers, and cast steel substrate is safer in pressure-bearing, it is to avoid peak stress directly results in cast steel substrate and cracks, and in turn results in
Mould fracture failure.Due to the addition of sandwich layer material, the stress spread between transition zone and cast steel substrate becomes more uniform,
Region of stress concentration can effectively protect the safety of cast steel substrate below die cavity, and prevent buffer layer material from bearing transverse direction
There is formation of crack in tension.Further, since sandwich layer material when high pressure is born with certain deformability, high temperature can be made resistance to
The service life of mill layer and transition zone is extended；The method can be supported under hot conditions under higher pressure and higher temperature
The die-forging forming of difficult-to-deformation material.
Large-scale difficult-to-deformation material die forging manufactures new method and is prepared with forging die sandwich of layers, makes cast steel substrate lower cost materials
Utilized, and the saving of resource and the recycling of material can be realized, met the requirement of the sustainable development of country and society；
Simultaneously as being casting mold, the production time also accordingly shortens, and saves time cost；The proposition of sandwich of layers of the present invention subtracts significantly
Built-up welding wlding and welding job amount are lacked, the function of cushion improves the pressure-bearing security of cast steel substrate again, while also improving
Mold use security；When after mould invalidation using repairing again, because transition zone and high-temperature wearable layer material are fairly good,
Can direct build-up wear-resistant layer material, bonding strength is good, and rehabilitation cost is low；Moreover, the present invention uses sandwich of layers surfacing manufacturing
Technology, Strengthening and Toughening treatment is carried out to forging die surface, working region is met or exceeded common die steel 5CrNiMo, 5CrMnMo
Or the performance of H13, realize reduces cost, purpose that is energy-saving and improving die life.
The present invention promote after will action line other types of mould applications set up a collection of with great market prospect in the industry
New and high technology, the sustainable development in the chain promotion field, as energy-saving consumption-reducing, circulation develop in a healthy way demonstration project.
Compared to existing technology, the present invention has the advantages that：
1st, sandwich of layers Service Life of Forging Die of the present invention improves more than 50%, and by each gradient function layer of built-up welding, collaboration is played
The different efficacies that each gradient layer rises, comprehensively improve the performance of cast steel forging die, improve its working region intensity and toughness；Pass through
One layer of soft-centre layer welding material of built-up welding in the middle of sandwich of layers forging die, when mould bears high pressure stress, sandwich of layers is in transition zone
Cushion effect is played between cast steel substrate, makes the stress distribution on cast steel substrate layer more uniform, high-pressure peak stress is fast
Speed diffusion weakens, and the peak stress value for bearing cast steel substrate is minimized, it is to avoid peak stress directly results in cast steel substrate product
Raw crackle, causes mould fracture failure, so as to improve the pressure-bearing security of cast steel substrate, improve the pressure-bearing energy of sandwich of layers mould
Power and general safety performance.
2nd, the addition of sandwich layer material of the invention, makes the stress spread between transition zone and cast steel substrate become more equal
Even, region of stress concentration can effectively protect the safety of cast steel substrate below die cavity, and prevent buffer layer material from bearing
Occurs formation of crack during horizontal tensile stress.Further, since sandwich layer material when high pressure is born with certain deformability, can make
The service life of high-temperature wearable layer and transition zone is extended.
3rd, the proposition of sandwich of layers of the present invention greatly reduces built-up welding wlding and welding job amount, saves raw material and work
Measure；And forging die obtained in the inventive method, using when repairing again after mould invalidation, because transition zone and high-temperature wearable layer material
It is fairly good, can direct build-up wear-resistant layer material, bonding strength is good, and rehabilitation cost is low；Design of forging die manufacture with remanufacture, it is crucial
The fields such as position reparation, material preparation, resource circulation utilization and green circulatory manufacture have wide application value and development
Prospect.
4th, the inventive method can be applied to the preparation of large-scale difficult-to-deformation material forging die, can significantly extend forging die life-span,
Cast steel substrate forging die bearing capacity is improved, the life-span of obtained sandwich of layers forging die mould improves more than 50%；Fundamentally solve suitable
For the large-scale difficult-to-deformation material die forging pass that die life is extremely low and die manufacturing cost is expensive of large-scale stamp forging hydraulic press
Key bottleneck problem, revolutionary innovative approach is provided to forging die manufacture, and the method can support all kinds of under high temperature and high pressure
The die-forging forming of material, has the meaning that cannot be estimated to die industry.
5th, using sandwich of layers surfacing manufacturing technology of the present invention, Strengthening and Toughening treatment is carried out to forging die surface so that cast steel substrate
The bearing capacity of mould is greatly improved, and working region meets or exceeds the property of common die steel 5CrNiMo, 5CrMnMo or H13
Can, can be used for the preparation of large-scale stamp forging hydraulic press forging die, and no longer need to use expensive H13 etc. preparing big pattern
Forging hydraulic machine forging die, has totally saved more than 20% cost, reduces die manufacturing cost, reduction forging and shares manufacturing cost,
With more economical, shorten the construction cycle of new product.
6th, the present invention enables cast steel substrate lower cost materials to utilize, and can realize the saving of resource and the circulation of material
Use, meet the requirement of the sustainable development of country and society；Using more cheap cast steel as die matrix material, entirely treat
Reinforcing mould directly pours into shape to be welded, compared with original new molding jig, saves forging process and machining time, cost
Reduce, matrix material utilization rate is high, brand-new mold developing cycle shortens, and saves time cost.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the sandwich of layers forging die enumerated in specific embodiment；
Fig. 2 is for illustrating the mold sections structural representation of each overlay cladding situation in specific embodiment；
A is die matrix to be welded in Fig. 2；B is sandwich of layers；C is transition zone；D is high-temperature wearable layer；E is die cavity contour line.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is raw materials used such as nothing in embodiment
Specified otherwise, it is as common commercially available.
The preparation process of specific sandwich of layers forging die mould as shown in Figure 1 is taken below, to be done to the present invention further in detail
Describe in detail it is bright, because the place that the present invention makes creative contribution to prior art is each step of the inventive method, rather than
In the selection of forging die shape and species, therefore a kind of forging die of concrete structure is only listed in this specific embodiment this method is entered
Row is described in detail, but each step in the inventive method, for different shape and the forging die of species, it is suitable to be regarded as.
Needed in this specific embodiment prepare sandwich of layers forging die for forging mould lower mould, shape as shown in figure 1, including
Cast steel substrate A, transition zone C and high-temperature wearable layer D；One layer of sandwich of layers B of built-up welding between cast steel substrate A and transition zone C；The folder
More preferably, yield strength is lower for both the central layer B cast steel substrate A and transition zone C plasticity；
Wherein, the plasticity of sandwich of layers B is：δ elongation percentage 14.7%, ψ shrinkage factors 31.2%；Yield strength is：σ s yield strengths
550MPa。
The sandwich of layers built-up welding preparation method of above-mentioned sandwich of layers forging die is comprised the following steps：
A, poured as die matrix material using cast steel and outpour die matrix A to be welded, wherein, more than the reserved built-up welding in die cavity position
Amount thickness 40 mm；The cast steel for being used is poured into a mould from high-carbon Chromador G35CrNiMo, using common pouring technology, mould
Die cavity position is in half-circle-arc shape, reserves allowance；The forging die mould for outpouring is poured in 920 DEG C of quenchings and at 650 DEG C of tempering
After reason, oil cooling to room temperature, to improve its mechanical property.
B, on die matrix to be welded A along be pre-designed shape at reserved built-up welding surplus elder generation built-up welding plasticity it is good and in the wrong
The soft wlding B of sandwich of layers of low intensity is taken, sandwich of layers thickness and weld length are determined by stress distribution, cover base layer arc
The 40% of degree；Under the effect of sandwich of layers stress spread, peak stress should be reduced in the range of cast steel substrate safe handling, be welded to
15 mm or so under Die cavity profile line；Wherein, the plasticity is good and yield strength it is low refer to that its mechanical performance index can reach
Following standard：σs(yield strength) >=550MPa, σb(tensile strength) >=760MPa, δ (elongation percentage) >=14.7%, ψ (shrinkage factor)
>=31.2%, 35~36HRC of hardness.It is optional close with cast steel substrate composition during specific implementation, or by identical heat treatment
The low hydrogen type bead welding wire being more or less the same in the aspect performance such as plasticity afterwards, such as CD126.So, sandwich of layers can be combined with matrix
Well, the solderable characteristic and intensity of cast steel substrate are improve, effectively connection base layer and transition zone and high-temperature wearable layer, is reduced
Wlding cost.
C, on the matrix of weld clip central layer material, along shape and sandwich of layers shape, secondary built-up welding at reserved built-up welding surplus
Intensity and hardness transition zone C higher, sandwich layer material is all encased, and continues to be welded to 10 mm under Die cavity profile line
Left and right；Wherein described intensity and hardness it is higher refer to that its mechanical performance index can reach following standard：σs(yield strength) >=
790MPa, σb(tensile strength) >=1100MPa, δ (elongation percentage) >=11.7%, ψ (shrinkage factor) >=28.9%, 45~50HRC of hardness.
Due to the addition of sandwich layer material, the stress spread between transition zone and cast steel substrate becomes more uniform, should below die cavity
Power concentrated area can be effectively protected the safety of cast steel substrate and prevent buffer layer material from occurring splitting bearing horizontal tensile stress
Line source.During specific implementation, may be selected it is close with cast steel substrate and sandwich composition of layer, or by after identical heat treatment in strong hardness
The low hydrogen type bead welding wire being more or less the same with the aspect performance such as toughness, such as CD650.So, transition zone can be with sandwich of layers and matrix
It is well combined, effectively connects base layer, sandwich of layers and high-temperature wearable layer, reduces wlding cost.
D, three built-up welding high-temperature wearable layer D on transition zone, are welded to 5 mm or so on die cavity contour line；Generally, three heaps
It is 40 mm or so, covering mold work position to weld the thickness of strengthening layer；5 mm or so are reserved machining wherein on contour line
Surplus；The mechanical performance index of its strengthening layer D is：σs(yield strength) >=1000MPa, σb(tensile strength) >=1400MPa, δ
(elongation percentage) >=9.6%, ψ (shrinkage factor) >=26.5%, 50~55HRC of hardness；By three layers of organic compatibility knot of weld overlay materials
Close, due to sandwich layer material when high pressure is born with certain deformability, the use of high-temperature wearable layer and transition zone can be made
Life-span is extended.During specific implementation, optional strong hardness is high, the preferable low hydrogen type bead welding wire of toughness, such as CDCo；Can make
This layer of strong hardness is higher than C, and elongation percentage, shrinkage factor, impact flexibility and high-temperature behavior are good, used as wear-resisting and thermal fatigue resistance
Layer, plays a major role in forging die mold work.
E, three built-up welding are finished after mould repeat retarded cooling process after double tempering, wherein temperature is 550
DEG C, slow cooling temperature is to 180 DEG C.After second slow cooling, carry out being air cooled to room temperature during mould is placed into air.
F, the mould after air cooling is machined, makes mold portions size in place, sandwich of layers as shown in Figure 1 is obtained
Forging die.The position of forging die heap postwelding, with hardness higher, general machining cannot ensure size.The die cavity of heap postwelding
Surface is not perfectly flat whole, first can process plane with the dise knife of surface grinding machine or digital control processing, and pincers worker is rule by drawing, is first used
Electric pulse machine tooling is shaped, then the cutting of small surplus is carried out with numerical control milling, or directly uses grinder buffing, makes each portion of mould
Divide size in place.
In the specific implementation, before the built-up welding of above-mentioned steps b, need to treat welding mould carries out built-up welding reinforcing pre-treatment, bag
Include：1）Die surface cleaning treatment, removes sand, oxide skin, greasy dirt, iron rust, burr and casting flaw；
2）Overall preheated mold is to 450 DEG C；
3）Insulation material coating mould, will treat that the mold cavity of built-up welding is exposed；Process temperature >=300 DEG C.
In the weld deposit process of step b, c and step d, need：
1）Using automatic CO2, Ar mixed gas（Protective gas volume ratio：Ar80%, CO220%）Protection bead-welding technology, makes
Built-up welding of sandwich of layers B is carried out along die cavity on mould face to be fortified with Miller welding wire machine, welding wire feed rate is 7M/min, weldering
Meet electric current 400A, weldingvoltage 36V.The layer is welded to 15 mm or so under die cavity contour line.
2）Using automatic CO2, Ar mixed gas（Protective gas ratio：Ar80%, CO220%）Protection replating technique, makes
Bis- built-up welding of transition zone C are carried out along die cavity on mould face to be fortified with Miller welding wire machine, welding wire feed rate is 7M/min, weldering
Meet electric current 400A, weldingvoltage 36V.The layer is welded to 10 mm or so under die cavity contour line.
3）Strengthening process point multilayer is carried out.After built-up welding last layer alloy material, oxide skin and the weldering of overlay surface are removed
Slag.
4）Three built-up welding：Then built-up welding specific alloy material D on weld layer after removing surface（High-temperature wearable layer）.Weldering
Wire feed rate is connect for 7M/min, welding current 400A, weldingvoltage 36V.The thickness degree 15 mm or so.
5）Finally remove the oxide skin and welding slag of overlay surface.
In whole welding process, if mold temperature is less than 300 DEG C, it is necessary to shove charge preheating again；During being welded, side toe
Exerted oneself to tap with hammer.Wherein, as shown in Fig. 2 in figure, A is steel casting die matrix to each built-up welding Rotating fields, and B is built-up welding sandwich of layers,
C is built-up welding transition zone, and D is built-up welding strengthening layer, and E is the actual die cavity contour line of mould.
Above-mentioned steps e is for completing post weld heat treatment, including during specific implementation：
1) first time destressing tempering：Built-up welding to finish carry out at once melts down intensification, charging temperature≤450 DEG C, heating-up time
0.4 h, 550 DEG C ± 20 DEG C of heating-up temperature, soaking time is counted for 1 hour according to the every 50 millimeters of insulations of biggest size of element of module
Calculate, soaking time is it is ensured that mould preheating heat penetration.
2) first time slow cooling：After first time destressing tempering, die body is placed in insulation sand pit；Insulation sand pit is by particle
The common river sand composition of the mm of average diameter 1, insulation sand pit temperature maintains 180 DEG C；Die body is buried completely with sand, insulation
Time >=12h, mould is taken out into sand pit afterwards；During temperature monitoring by infrared thermometer complete.
3) second destressing tempering：Die body is taken out from insulation sand pit and enters second destressing tempering, Process Planning
Model such as first time destressing tempering.
4) second slow cooling：After mould completes second destressing tempering, die body is placed in insulation sand pit and starts the
Secondary slow cooling, technological specification such as first time slow cooling.
5) air cooling：Mould completes 180 DEG C of temperature after second slow cooling, places to enter in atmosphere after being taken out from insulation sand pit
Row is air cooled to room temperature.Now most of Transformation of Retained Austenite is martensite in die body, and martensite is eliminated internal stress, this
When, surfacing part hardness is higher than die body hardness.
The mould obtained after above-mentioned steps e is finally machined through step f again, final that shape as described in Figure 1 is obtained
The complete forging die finished product of sandwich of layers of shape.Its finished product die mold cavity surface hardness 50 ~ 55HRC of average out to, flawless, is mingled with etc. and to lack
Fall into.Sandwich of layers can be well combined with matrix, play the maximum stress effect that cast steel substrate bears that reduces.Transition zone C can with it is sandwich
Layer and matrix are well combined, and mechanical performance index is a little better compared with after cast steel substrate modifier treatment, play transition connection and make
With while strengthening matrix mould.Strengthening layer D strong hardness improves many than transition zone C, elongation percentage, shrinkage factor, impact flexibility and height
Temperature is functional, plays improvement mold cavity competency, the purpose of toughness.By the collaboration compatibility effect of each gradient function layer,
It is comprehensive to improve G35CrNiMo moulds, the performances such as its working region intensity, toughness are improved, can replace what is produced through solid forging
Forging die mould.
In this forging die actual experiment, sandwich of layers forging die die life can improve more than 50%, significantly extend the longevity of forging die
Life；And mold changing number of times is reduced, and downtime is reduced, shorten new product development cycle；The labor of workman is also mitigated simultaneously
Fatigue resistance, greatly improves utilization rate of equipment and installations.
Because the present invention be most importantly for the place that prior art makes creative contribution be method and step sheet
Body, therefore in a specific embodiment, many data or numerical value are the optimal values announced, not with regard to each specific numerical value model
Enclose and enumerate different numerical value and illustrate.As long as should be regarded as these numerical value belongs to numerical value model described in description of the invention
Enclose, it becomes possible to implement the present invention and realize goal of the invention, be only merely that implementation result may be more relatively poor.
Finally illustrate, the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention and it is unrestricted, although with reference to compared with
Good embodiment has been described in detail to the present invention, it will be understood by those within the art that, can be to the technology of invention
Scheme is modified or equivalent, and without deviating from the objective and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should cover in this hair
In the middle of bright right.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of sandwich of layers forging die, including cast steel substrate, transition zone and high-temperature wearable layer；Characterized in that, in cast steel substrate and
One layer of sandwich of layers of built-up welding between transition zone；The plastic range of the sandwich of layers is：δ elongation percentage 14.7 ~ 20%, ψ shrinkage factors 31.2 ~
36%；Yield strength scope is：550 ~ 570MPa of σ s yield strengths；The plasticity of sandwich of layers is higher than the cast steel substrate and transition zone
Plasticity, the yield strength of sandwich of layers is less than the cast steel substrate and the yield strength of transition zone.
2. a kind of preparation method of forging die sandwich of layers built-up welding, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1）Poured as die matrix material using cast steel and outpour die matrix to be welded；Wherein, the reserved built-up welding surplus in die cavity position；
2）In step 1）Pour on the die matrix to be welded being poured in, along the shape at reserved built-up welding, built-up welding plasticity is good and yield strength
Low sandwich of layers wlding；The 40 ~ 60% of sandwich of layers built-up welding covering base layer radian；The built-up welding plasticity is good and yield strength is low is
Refer to that its mechanical performance index can reach following standard：σsYield strength >=550MPa, σbTensile strength >=760MPa, δ elongation percentage >=
14.7%, ψ shrinkage factor >=31.2%, 30~35HRC of hardness；
3）In step 2）Weld on the die matrix of sandwich of layers, along the shape of surplus shape and sandwich of layers at reserved built-up welding, heap
Weldering intensity and hardness transition zone wlding material higher, by sandwich layer material, all covering is encased, and continues to be welded to mold cavity
8 ~ 11 mm under contour line；
4）In step 3）Weld on the die matrix of transition zone, built-up welding high-temperature wearable layer wlding material, covering mould is mainly wear-resisting
Working region or whole wear areas, are welded to 4 ~ 6 mm on die cavity contour line；The mechanical property of the high-temperature wearable layer wlding material
Energy index can reach following standard：σsYield strength >=1000MPa, σbTensile strength >=1400MPa, δ elongation percentage >=9.6%, ψ is received
Shrinkage >=26.5%, 50~55HRC of hardness；
5）Mould after three built-up welding are finished repeats retarded cooling process after double tempering, then by the mould after second slow cooling
Tool is placed in atmosphere, carries out being air cooled to room temperature；Wherein, temperature is 530 ~ 570 DEG C, and slow cooling temperature is to 160 ~ 180 DEG C；
6）To step 5）Mould after air cooling is machined, and makes mold portions size in place, is obtained and pressed from both sides described in claim 1
Central layer forging die.
3. the preparation method of forging die sandwich of layers built-up welding according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the step 1）In mould to be welded
Tool matrix is poured into a mould from high-carbon Chromador.
4. the preparation method of forging die sandwich of layers built-up welding according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the step 1）In reserve heap
Weldering surplus thickness is 40 ~ 90 mm.
5. the preparation method of forging die sandwich of layers built-up welding according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the step 2）Middle sandwich of layers
It is welded to 14 ~ 16 mm under Die cavity profile line.
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| CN113174540A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-07-27 | 重庆大学 | Low-cost die forged steel base material, sandwich layer forging die and preparation method thereof |
| CN113174541A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-07-27 | 重庆大学 | High-strength die forged steel base material, sandwich layer forging die and preparation method thereof |
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