CN114341376A - 还适用于增材制造的镍基超级合金、方法和产品 - Google Patents

还适用于增材制造的镍基超级合金、方法和产品 Download PDF

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CN114341376A
CN114341376A CN202080061850.6A CN202080061850A CN114341376A CN 114341376 A CN114341376 A CN 114341376A CN 202080061850 A CN202080061850 A CN 202080061850A CN 114341376 A CN114341376 A CN 114341376A
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nickel
percent
additive manufacturing
alloy
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克里斯托夫·海因策
伊夫·屈斯特斯
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Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
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    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
    • C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
    • C22C19/057—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being less 10%
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    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
    • B23K35/304—Ni as the principal constituent with Cr as the next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22C16/00—Alloys based on zirconium
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    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
    • C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
    • C22C19/056—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 10% but less than 20%
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
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    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2301/15—Nickel or cobalt
    • B22F2301/155—Rare Earth - Co or -Ni intermetallic alloys
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    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/009—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of turbine components other than turbine blades
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    • B22F5/04—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of turbine blades
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    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
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    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
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Abstract

通过有针对性地选择镍基超级合金的元素硅、硼、锆和铪，也可以以增材方法制造无裂纹的样品。镍基超级合金(以重量％为单位)至少具有下述各项：碳(C)0.04％‑0.08％；铬(Cr)9.8％‑10.2％；钴(Co)10.3％‑10.7％；15钼(Mo)0.4％‑0.6％；钨(W)9.3％‑9.7％；铝(Al)5.2％‑5.7％；钽(Ta)1.9％‑2.1％；硼(B)0.0025％‑0.01％；20锆(Zr)0.0025％‑0.01％；铪(Hf)0.1％‑0.3％；可选地：钇(Y)；其余：镍(Ni)，尤其由上述各项构成。

Description

还适用于增材制造的镍基超级合金、方法和产品
技术领域
本发明涉及在金属构件的增材制造中提供特别的优点的合金、方法和产品。
背景技术
所述产品优选地设置用于使用在流体机械中、优选地在燃气轮机的热气路径中。
增材制造方法例如作为粉末床方法(PBF)包括选择性的激光熔化(SLM)或激光烧结(SLS)或电子束熔化(EBM)。
其他增材方法例如是“定向能量沉积(DED)”方法，尤其激光堆焊、电子束粉末焊接或等离子粉末焊接、线焊、金属粉末注塑成型，所谓的“薄片层叠(英文：sheetlamination)”方法或热注塑方法(VPS LPPS，GDCS)。
用于选择性激光熔化的方法例如从EP 2 601 006B1中已知。
此外，增材制造方法(英文：“additive manufacturing”)也被证实为对于复杂的或纤细地设计的构件例如迷宫形结构、冷却结构和/或轻型结构是特别有利的。尤其地，增材制造因过程步骤的链特别短而是有利的，因为构件的制造步骤或生产步骤设计可以在很大程度上基于对应的CAD文件和对应的生产参数的选择来进行，从而提供有利的替选方案——例如相对于具有已知的不利的过程步骤的高性能构件的传统铸造技术制造有利的替选方案。
迄今在借助于镍基合金的增材制造、尤其激光束粉末床熔合(LB-PBF)或选择性激光熔化或电子束粉末床熔合(EB-PBF))中，通常不存在无裂纹的结构构造，使得关于此的优化是当前发展的主题。
现有技术的镍基合金例如从DE 10 2017 113780 A1、EP 3 034 639 A1和DE 102016 221470 A1中已知。
所述问题已经由本发明研究并且具有更窄规格的决定性的元素的合金已得到定义，所述合金引起无裂纹的或对于符合规定的运行可容忍的低裂纹的增材结构构造。
恰好在增材制造技术、尤其基于粉末床的方法(PBF)的情况下，出现部分多于106K/s的过程固有的局部非常高的温度梯度，所述温度梯度引起所描述的热裂纹或凝固裂纹。
发明内容
本发明的目的是解决上文中提及的问题。
所述目的通过根据权利要求1的合金、根据权利要求3的方法以及根据权利要求7的产品来实现。
合金元素被针对性地调整，以便可以生产无裂纹的样本。
在此，元素硅(Si)、硼(B)、锆(Zr)和铪(Hf)特别重要，并且同样应注意碳(C)，但是尤其铪(Hf)的改性是重要的。
通过本发明，可以有利地减少或完全避免由所描述的合金构成的产品或包括所描述的合金的产品的制造中的凝固裂纹倾向。这基于从1273K至固相线温度的温度范围内液相/共晶体的份额的降低同时设定更小的凝固间隔。
通过经由当前调整或选择Hf含量来降低γ'固溶线温度，也可以改进可加工性或有利地降低裂纹倾向。
优选地借助于LB-PBF来生产。
合金优选地具有以下成分(以重量％为单位)：
Figure BDA0003527790080000021
Figure BDA0003527790080000031
可选地：
钇(Y) 0.005％-0.015％，
还可选地、分别最大地：
Figure BDA0003527790080000032
根据本发明的优点可以通过进一步合适地选择用于增材制造的过程参数如扫描速度或照射速度、激光功率或轨迹间距、条纹间距或“填充(Hatch)”间距”来进一步优化。
具有所描述的合金的产品优选地涉及在流体机械、例如燃气轮机的热气路径中使用的构件。构件尤其可以表示转子叶片或导向叶片、区段或环形区段、燃烧器部件或燃烧器尖部、边框、屏蔽件、热屏、喷嘴、密封件、过滤器、通口或喷枪、谐振器、冲头或涡流器，或表示对应的过渡件、插入件或对应的改装件。

Claims (7)

1.一种镍基超级合金，
(以重量％为单位)至少具有下述各项，尤其由下述各项构成：
Figure FDA0003527790070000011
可选地：
钇(Y) 0.005％-0.015％，
还可选地、分别最大地：
Figure FDA0003527790070000012
Figure FDA0003527790070000021
2.根据权利要求1所述的合金，
所述合金具有钇(Y)。
3.一种用于制造构件的方法，
其中使用根据权利要求1或2所述的合金。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，
其中使用粉末床方法或堆焊方法。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法，
其中使用选择性烧结方法(SLS)或选择性熔化方法(SLM)，
尤其借助于激光或电子辐射的选择性烧结方法或选择性熔化方法。
6.根据权利要求3所述的方法，
其中使用粉末堆焊，
尤其激光粉末堆焊方法。
7.一种产品，
具有根据权利要求1或2所述的合金或根据权利要求3至6所述的方法来制造。
CN202080061850.6A 2019-09-02 2020-08-12 还适用于增材制造的镍基超级合金、方法和产品 Pending CN114341376A (zh)

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DE102019213214.6A DE102019213214A1 (de) 2019-09-02 2019-09-02 Nickelbasissuperlegierung, geeignet auch zur additiven Fertigung, Verfahren und Produkt
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