CN114324142B - Contact surface friction force measuring device - Google Patents
Contact surface friction force measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114324142B CN114324142B CN202111419778.2A CN202111419778A CN114324142B CN 114324142 B CN114324142 B CN 114324142B CN 202111419778 A CN202111419778 A CN 202111419778A CN 114324142 B CN114324142 B CN 114324142B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a contact surface friction force measuring device, which comprises a measuring mechanism for measuring contact surface friction force, a fixed supporting mechanism for fixing and supporting the measuring mechanism and a blocking mechanism for eliminating the influence of pressure around the measuring mechanism; the measuring mechanism and the blocking mechanism are fixedly arranged on the fixed supporting mechanism, and the measuring mechanism is positioned in a space formed by the blocking mechanism, the fixed supporting mechanism and the surrounding rock. According to the invention, the device is pre-buried in the concrete structure of tunnel lining or other underground engineering in advance, and the friction force between the concrete structure and the surrounding rock contact surface is measured in real time, so that the health monitoring of the underground engineering structure is realized, and the occurrence of safety accidents caused by the fault sliding of the surrounding rock of the underground engineering structure is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering structure health monitoring. In particular to a contact surface friction force measuring device.
Background
Under the condition that the underground engineering such as tunnels and galleries is subjected to stratum overload induced by earthquake or other factors such as drainage, the interface stress state of the structure and surrounding rock becomes more complex, and the support structure is easy to lose efficacy at the stress concentration part or the structural weak link of the underground engineering, so that the accident is caused. For example, the built tendril-leaved railway passes through a plurality of earthquake zones, the geological condition along the line is extremely complex, a plurality of fault sliding zones are spanned in tunneling of tunnels, the tunnel lining in a mountain is damaged even roof collapse due to the dislocation of the fault sliding zones caused by earthquake, and great examination is brought to the construction and operation and maintenance of the tendril-leaved railway. Therefore, in order to accurately and prejudge the exact damage position of the tunnel lining near the sliding belt, grasp the stress state of the contact surface of the structure and the surrounding rock, engineering technicians need to monitor the structural health of the tunnel lining structure and the contact surface of the lining and the surrounding rock, so that early warning and timely reinforcement are facilitated. Currently, there are few sensors for directly measuring the friction force of the contact surface, and the engineering world needs urgent friction force monitoring equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the contact surface friction force measuring device which can measure the friction force between the contact surface of the concrete structure and the surrounding rock, thereby realizing the health monitoring of the geotechnical engineering structure.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a contact surface friction force measuring device comprises a measuring mechanism for measuring contact surface friction force, a fixed supporting mechanism for fixing and supporting the measuring mechanism and a blocking mechanism for eliminating the influence of pressure around the measuring mechanism; the measuring mechanism and the blocking mechanism are fixedly arranged on the fixed supporting mechanism, and the measuring mechanism is positioned in a space formed by the blocking mechanism, the fixed supporting mechanism and the surrounding rock.
The contact surface friction force measuring device comprises a sliding base plate, a friction box and an inductor; the sliding base plate is provided with a friction box sideslip limit groove, the friction box is provided with a friction box sideslip limit step, and the friction box is arranged on the sliding base plate through the concave-convex matching action of the friction box sideslip limit step and the friction box sideslip limit groove; the shape and the size of the friction box sideslip limit step and the shape and the size of the friction box sideslip limit groove are matched, and the friction box sideslip limit step and the friction box sideslip limit groove are in clearance fit so that the friction box can slide along the length direction of the friction box sideslip limit groove, and the length direction of the friction box sideslip limit groove is parallel to the length direction of the inductor;
the sensor is positioned in a space formed by the sliding base plate and the friction box, one end of the sensor is fixedly arranged on the fixed supporting mechanism through a sensor mounting fixing plate, and the other end of the sensor is fixedly connected with the friction box through a bolt;
the sliding base plate is fixedly arranged on the fixed supporting mechanism; the fixed supporting mechanism is provided with a cable fixing joint, and an inductor cable of the inductor passes through the cable fixing joint to penetrate out of the lower part of the fixed supporting mechanism; the blocking mechanism hoops are arranged on the peripheral outer side wall surfaces of the friction box.
According to the friction force measuring device for the contact surface, the friction box is a large metal box with an opening on the top surface and an inductor installation protecting cover on the bottom surface, the inductor installation protecting cover is a small metal box with an opening on the bottom surface, the side surface of the inductor installation protecting cover, which is close to the inductor installation fixing plate, is in an opening shape, and the size of the opening on the side surface is matched with the size of the inductor installation fixing plate; the sensor mounting protective cover is integrally formed with the side wall of the friction box and the bottom surface of the friction box;
the inductor is located in the inductor installation protection cover, and the other end of the inductor is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the inductor installation protection cover, which is far away from the inductor installation fixing plate, through an inductor fixing nut.
The blocking mechanism comprises a plastic shell and plastic shell limit baffles positioned around the plastic shell, wherein the outer side surface of the plastic shell is propped against the plastic shell limit baffles; the plastic shell limiting baffle is fixedly arranged on the fixed supporting mechanism, the plastic shell is also fixedly arranged on the fixed supporting mechanism, and the inner side surface of the plastic shell is tightly attached to the measuring mechanism; the plastic shell limit baffles are distributed at equal intervals around the circumference direction of the measuring mechanism, and the plastic shell limit baffles close to the sensor of the measuring mechanism are provided with openings; the plastic shell is made of one or more materials selected from ethylene propylene rubber, silicon rubber, chloroprene rubber, butyl rubber, nitrile rubber, polyurethane rubber or vulcanized rubber.
The plastic shell comprises an upper hollow structural section, a middle division groove section and a lower solid structural section, wherein the upper hollow structural section is fixedly connected with the lower solid structural section through the middle division groove section, the transverse thickness of the middle division groove section is smaller than that of the lower solid structural section and that of the upper hollow structural section, the outer side of the middle division groove section is flush with the outer side of the plastic shell, a division groove along the transverse direction is formed between the upper hollow structural section and the lower solid structural section, and the opening end of the division groove faces the measuring mechanism; the upper hollow structure section is adjacent to the side wall of the measuring mechanism, and is sequentially provided with 1 lip strip and two or more than two abutting strips with the same length from top to bottom, blocking grooves are formed between the lip strip and the adjacent abutting strips and between the adjacent abutting strips, and two or more than two elliptical hollow holes are sequentially formed in the upper hollow structure section from top to bottom; the lower solid structure section is a fixing strip with a cemented fixed bottom, and the bottom of the fixing strip is fixed on the fixing support mechanism in a cemented mode;
in a natural state: the lip strip end is flush with the fixing strip end in the direction facing the measuring mechanism, and the transverse length of the lip strip is smaller than that of the abutting strip; in the state of the plastic housing ferrule onto the measuring mechanism: the abutting strip is laterally bent under the extrusion action of the measuring mechanism, and at the moment, the lip edge strip end, the abutting strip end and the fixing strip are tightly attached to the measuring mechanism; in the operating state of the measuring device: the lip strip, the abutting strip and the elliptical hollow hole are deformed, the transverse distance from the end of the lip strip to the outer side face of the plastic shell is equal to the transverse distance from the end of the abutting strip to the outer side face of the plastic shell, and the transverse distance from the end of the fixing strip, which faces the measuring mechanism, to the outer side face of the plastic shell is smaller than the transverse distance from the end of the fixing strip to the outer side face of the plastic shell.
The contact surface friction force measuring device is in a natural state: the transverse length of the lip edge strip is 15-30% smaller than that of the abutting strip; the cross-sectional area of the elliptical hollow bore is 10-20% of the cross-sectional area of the upper hollow structural section.
According to the friction force measuring device for the contact surface, the fixed supporting mechanism comprises the base tray, the base tray is provided with the base tray fixing holes, and one end of the base fixing reinforcing steel bar is fixedly arranged on the base tray through the base tray fixing holes; the base tray is a metal plate.
According to the friction force measuring device for the contact surface, one end of the sensor installation fixing plate is fixedly arranged on the fixed supporting mechanism through the inclined strut of the sensor installation fixing plate, and the other end of the sensor installation fixing plate penetrates through the reserved rectangular hole of the sliding base plate to be fixedly connected with the sensor; the sliding backing plate is fixedly arranged on the fixed supporting mechanism through countersunk screws.
Above-mentioned contact surface friction force measuring device, the sliding pad is non-metal material, non-metal material is one or two or more of PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene plastics, PEEK polyether ether ketone plastics, PEKK polyether ketone plastics, FRP fibre reinforced composite plastics, PPS polyphenylene sulfide plastics, phenolic plastics or PVC polyvinyl chloride plastics and combination.
The friction force measuring device for the contact surface comprises a measuring mechanism, a blocking mechanism and a fixed supporting mechanism, wherein the measuring mechanism comprises a sliding base plate, a friction box and an inductor, the blocking mechanism comprises a plastic shell and plastic shell limiting baffles positioned around the plastic shell, and the fixed supporting mechanism comprises a base tray and base fixed steel bars;
the sliding base plate is provided with a friction box sideslip limit groove, the friction box is provided with a friction box sideslip limit step, and the friction box is arranged on the sliding base plate through the concave-convex matching action of the friction box sideslip limit step and the friction box sideslip limit groove; the shape and the size of the friction box sideslip limit step and the shape and the size of the friction box sideslip limit groove are matched, and the friction box sideslip limit step and the friction box sideslip limit groove are in clearance fit so that the friction box can slide along the length direction of the friction box sideslip limit groove, and the length direction of the friction box sideslip limit groove is parallel to the length direction of the inductor;
the sliding base plate is fixedly arranged on the base tray; the base tray is provided with a cable fixing connector, and an inductor cable of the inductor passes through the cable fixing connector to penetrate out of the lower part of the base tray; the plastic shell is sleeved on the peripheral outer side wall surface of the friction box;
the friction box is a large metal box with an opening on the top surface and an inductor installation protecting cover on the bottom surface, the inductor installation protecting cover is a small metal box with an opening on the bottom surface, and one side surface of the inductor installation protecting cover is in an opening shape and is opened on one side surface of the friction box; the size of the sensor mounting protective cover is integrally formed with the side wall of the friction box and the bottom surface of the friction box;
the inductor is positioned in the inductor installation protective cover, and the other end of the inductor is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the inductor installation protective cover, which is far away from the inductor installation fixing plate, through an inductor fixing nut; the size of the sensor mounting fixing plate is matched with the size of the side face of the opening of the sensor mounting protective cover;
one end of the sensor installation fixing plate is fixedly installed on the base tray through a diagonal brace of the sensor installation fixing plate, and the other end of the sensor installation fixing plate penetrates through a reserved rectangular hole of the sliding base plate to be fixedly connected with the sensor; the sliding base plate is fixedly arranged on the base tray through countersunk screws; the sliding backing plate is made of PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene plastic;
the outer side surface of the plastic shell is propped against the limiting baffle of the plastic shell; the plastic shell limiting baffle is fixedly arranged on the base tray, the plastic shell is also fixedly arranged on the base tray, and the inner side surface of the plastic shell is tightly attached to the friction box; the plastic shell limit baffles are distributed at equal intervals around the circumference direction of the friction box, and the plastic shell limit baffles close to the sensor mounting fixing plate of the measuring mechanism are provided with openings; the plastic shell is made of nonmetal plastic materials;
the plastic shell comprises an upper hollow structural section, a middle division groove section and a lower solid structural section, wherein the upper hollow structural section is fixedly connected with the lower solid structural section through the middle division groove section, the transverse thickness of the middle division groove section is smaller than that of the lower solid structural section and the upper hollow structural section, the outer side of the middle division groove section is flush with the outer side of the plastic shell, a division groove along the transverse direction is formed between the upper hollow structural section and the lower solid structural section, and the opening end of the division groove faces the friction box; the upper hollow structure section is adjacent to the side wall of the friction box, and is sequentially provided with 1 lip strip and two or more than two abutting strips with the same length from top to bottom, blocking grooves are formed between the lip strip and the adjacent abutting strips and between the adjacent abutting strips, and two or more than two elliptical hollow holes are sequentially formed in the upper hollow structure section from top to bottom; the lower solid structure section is a fixing strip with a cemented fixed bottom, and the bottom of the fixing strip is fixed on the base tray in a cemented mode;
in a natural state: the lip strip end is flush with the fixing strip end in the direction facing the measuring mechanism, and the transverse length of the lip strip is smaller than that of the abutting strip; in the state of the plastic housing ferrule onto the friction box: the abutting strip is laterally bent under the extrusion action of the friction box, and at the moment, the lip edge strip end, the abutting strip end and the fixing strip are tightly attached to the friction box; under the working state of the measuring device: the lip strip, the abutting strip and the elliptical hollow hole are deformed, and the transverse distance from the end of the lip strip to the outer side surface of the plastic shell is equal to the transverse distance from the end of the abutting strip to the outer side surface of the plastic shell, and is smaller than the transverse distance from the end of the fixing strip facing the measuring mechanism to the outer side surface of the plastic shell;
in a natural state: the transverse length of the lip edge strip is 15-30% smaller than that of the abutting strip; the cross-sectional area of the elliptical hollow bore is 10-20% of the cross-sectional area of the upper hollow structural section; the plastic shell with the proportion has good effect of absorbing external extrusion pressure, thereby effectively blocking the interference effect of the peripheral concrete on the friction box;
the base fixing steel bars are fixedly arranged on the base tray through base tray fixing holes, base tray fixing holes are formed in the base tray, and one ends of the base fixing steel bars are fixedly arranged on the base tray through base tray fixing holes; the base tray is a metal plate.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) The invention provides a contact surface friction force measuring device, which is pre-embedded into a concrete structure of a tunnel lining or other underground engineering in advance to measure the friction force between the concrete structure and a surrounding rock contact surface in real time, so that the health monitoring of the underground engineering structure is realized, and the occurrence of safety accidents caused by fault sliding of the surrounding rock of the underground engineering structure is avoided.
(2) In the invention, the fixed supporting mechanism has two functions, namely, on one hand, a supporting platform is provided for the measuring device, and on the other hand, the measuring device is convenient to be fixedly installed at a construction position to be measured; the sliding base plate is arranged between the base tray and the friction box and has the functions of providing vertical support for the friction box, avoiding the direct contact rust between the base tray and the friction box and reducing the friction force of the bottom surface of the friction box in the horizontal direction; the cable through wires hole has been seted up on the base tray, and cable fixed joint installs on the cable through wires hole, and cable fixed joint can guarantee the leakproofness that cable through wires hole and cable see, reaches waterproof effect.
(3) In the present invention, the functions of the friction case include two aspects: firstly, providing a carrier for manufacturing a tested piece with concrete with the same label as that of the embedded position; secondly, the friction force of the contact surface of the tested piece and the surrounding rock in the sensor is transmitted to the bottom of the sensor connected with the sensor; the sensor can convert the perceived contact friction force between the concrete in the friction box and the surrounding rock into the change quantity of the steel string frequency or the resistance value change quantity of the resistance element, and analog quantity signals such as the frequency or the resistance output by the sensor are acquired through the data acquisition terminal.
(4) In the invention, the functions of the plastic shell comprise two aspects, namely, the friction box is restrained on the sliding base plate by the hoop action of the plastic shell; secondly, separate the peripheral concrete of friction box and measuring device that is surveyed each other, through its own extrusion deformation characteristic that has, block the effect and the restraint restriction of peripheral concrete to the friction box, be convenient for to the frictional force of measuring the interior concrete of friction box and surrounding rock contact surface.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a contact surface friction measuring device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an assembled view of the contact surface friction measuring device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is another Zhang Zuzhuang view of the interface friction measuring device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an assembly of the contact surface friction measuring device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the contact surface friction measuring device of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a moldable housing of the contact surface friction measuring device of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the plastic housing of the contact surface friction measuring device of the present invention in a natural state;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the plastic housing of the contact surface friction measuring device of the present invention in an assembled state;
fig. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the contact surface friction measuring device according to the present invention in a measurement state of a plastic housing.
The reference numerals in the drawings are as follows: 1-a plastic shell; 2-a friction box; 3-mounting a protective cover on the sensor; a 4-inductor; 5-a base tray; 6-a plastic shell limit baffle; 7-an inductor fixing nut; 8-a base tray fixing hole; 9-mounting a fixing plate on the sensor; 10-countersunk head screws; 11-a sliding pad; 12-a side-sliding limit groove of the friction box; 13-a side-sliding limit step of the friction box; 14-cable fixing joint; 15-installing a fixed plate diagonal brace on the sensor; 16-fixing reinforcing steel bars on the base; 17-lip strips; 18-abutting the strip; 19-fixing strips; 20-elliptical hollow holes; 21-dividing grooves.
Detailed Description
The contact surface friction force measuring device comprises a measuring mechanism for measuring the friction force of a contact surface, a fixed supporting mechanism for fixing and supporting the measuring mechanism and a blocking mechanism for eliminating the influence of the ambient pressure of the measuring mechanism; the measuring mechanism and the blocking mechanism are fixedly arranged on the fixed supporting mechanism, and the measuring mechanism is positioned in a space formed by the blocking mechanism, the fixed supporting mechanism and the surrounding rock; as shown in fig. 5, the measuring mechanism comprises a sliding pad 11, a friction box 2 and an inductor 4, the blocking mechanism comprises a plastic shell 1 and plastic shell limit baffles 6 positioned around the plastic shell 1, and the fixed supporting mechanism comprises a base tray 5 and base fixing steel bars 16.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the sliding pad 11 is provided with a friction box sideslip limiting groove 12, the friction box 2 is provided with a friction box sideslip limiting step 13, and the friction box 2 is mounted on the sliding pad 11 through the concave-convex cooperation of the friction box sideslip limiting step 13 and the friction box sideslip limiting groove 12; the shape and the size of the friction box sideslip limit step 13 and the shape and the size of the friction box sideslip limit groove 12 are matched, and the friction box sideslip limit step 13 is in clearance fit with the friction box sideslip limit groove 12 so that the friction box 2 can slide in a small extent along the length direction of the friction box sideslip limit groove 12, and the length direction of the friction box sideslip limit groove 12 is parallel to the length direction of the inductor 4.
As shown in fig. 4, the sliding pad 11 is fixedly installed on the base tray 5 through a countersunk head screw 10 [ the sliding pad 11 is between the base tray 5 and the friction box 2, and has the function of providing a vertical support for the friction box 2, avoiding the direct contact rust between the base tray 5 and the friction box 2, and reducing the friction force of the bottom surface of the friction box 2 in the horizontal direction ]; the base tray 5 is provided with a cable fixing joint 14 [ the base tray 5 is provided with a cable threading hole, the cable fixing joint 14 is arranged on the cable threading hole, the cable fixing joint 14 can ensure the tightness of the cable threading hole and a cable, and the waterproof effect is achieved ], and an inductor cable of the inductor 4 passes through the cable fixing joint 14 to be penetrated out to the lower part of the base tray 5; the plastic shell 1 is sleeved on the peripheral outer side wall surface of the friction box 2; rectangular holes are reserved in the installation position of the sensor 4 on the sliding base plate 11, and the sensor installation fixing plate 9 extends out of the sliding base plate 11 through the rectangular holes; the sliding pad 11 is made of PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene plastic.
As shown in fig. 1, the friction case 2 is a metal case with an opening on the top surface and an inductor installation protecting cover 3 on the bottom surface, the inductor installation protecting cover 3 is an inverted metal case with an opening on the bottom surface, and one side surface of the inductor installation protecting cover 3 is open and is open on one side surface of the friction case 2; the size of the sensor mounting protective cover 3 is integrally formed with the side wall of the friction box 2 and the bottom surface of the friction box 2; the function of the friction box 2 includes two aspects: firstly, providing a carrier for manufacturing a tested piece with concrete with the same label as that of the embedded position; and secondly, the friction force of the contact surface of the tested piece and the surrounding rock in the sensor is transmitted to the sensor 4 connected with the bottom of the sensor.
The inductor 4 is positioned in the inductor installation protective cover 3, one end of the inductor 4 is fixedly arranged on the base tray 5 through an inductor installation fixing plate 9, and the other end of the inductor 4 is fixedly connected with the inner side wall, far away from the inductor installation fixing plate 9, of the inductor installation protective cover 3 through an inductor fixing nut 7; the size of the sensor mounting fixing plate 9 is matched with the size of the opening side surface of the sensor mounting protection cover 3; the sensor 4 can convert the perceived contact friction force between the concrete and the surrounding rock in the friction box 2 into the change of the steel string frequency or the resistance value change of the resistance element, and analog quantity signals such as the frequency or the resistance output by the sensor 4 are collected through the data collection terminal [ the technical principle of measuring the axial force by the sensor is the prior art, and the embodiment is not described in detail ].
One end of the sensor installation fixing plate 9 is fixedly installed on the base tray 5 through the sensor installation fixing plate diagonal brace 15 [ the sensor installation fixing plate 9 is welded on the base tray 5, the sensor installation fixing plate diagonal brace 15 is also installed on the base tray 5, the stability of connection between the sensor installation fixing plate 9 and the base tray 5 is enhanced when the sensor installation fixing plate diagonal brace 15 acts on ] and the other end passes through the reserved rectangular hole of the sliding base plate 11 and is fixedly connected with the sensor 4.
As shown in fig. 5, the outer side surface of the plastic shell 1 abuts against the plastic shell limit baffle 6 [ the plastic shell limit baffle 6 functions to provide support for the outer side surface of the plastic shell 1 ]; the plastic shell limiting baffle 6 is fixedly arranged on the base tray 5, the plastic shell 1 is also fixedly arranged on the base tray 5, and the inner side surface of the plastic shell 1 is tightly attached to the friction box 2; the number of the plastic shell limit baffles 6 is four, the four plastic shell limit baffles 6 are distributed at equal intervals around the circumferential direction of the friction box 2, and openings are formed in the plastic shell limit baffles 6 which are close to the sensor mounting fixing plate 9; the plastic shell 1 is made of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, has viscoelasticity and toughness, can deform and shrink under the action of external force extrusion, and can rebound by self-restoration after external force is withdrawn.
As shown in fig. 6, the plastic housing 1 comprises an upper hollow structural section, a middle division groove section and a lower solid structural section, wherein the upper hollow structural section is fixedly connected with the lower solid structural section through the middle division groove section, the transverse thickness of the middle division groove section is smaller than that of the lower solid structural section and the upper hollow structural section, the outer side of the middle division groove section is flush with the outer side of the plastic housing 1, a division groove 21 along the transverse direction is formed between the upper hollow structural section and the lower solid structural section, and the opening end of the division groove 21 faces the friction box 2; 1 lip strip 17 and 5 abutting strips 18 with the same length are sequentially arranged on the side wall of the upper hollow structural section adjacent to the friction box 2 from top to bottom, blocking grooves are formed between the lip strip 17 and the adjacent abutting strips 18 and between the adjacent abutting strips 18, and 3 elliptical hollow holes 20 are sequentially arranged in the upper hollow structural section from top to bottom (the upper hollow structural section and the middle dividing groove section play a role in absorbing deformation); the lower solid structure section is a fixing strip 19 with a cementable bottom, and the bottom of the fixing strip 19 is fixed on the base tray 5 in a cementation mode [ the bottom surface of the fixing strip 19 is fixed on the base tray 5 by a cementing agent ]. The function of the plastic housing 1 includes two aspects, namely, the friction box 2 is restrained on the sliding pad 11 by the hoop function of the plastic housing 1; secondly, the friction box 2 to be measured is separated from the concrete around the measuring device, and the action and the constraint restriction of the surrounding concrete on the friction box 2 are blocked by the extrusion deformation characteristic of the friction box 2, so that the friction force of the concrete in the friction box 2 and the surrounding rock contact surface can be measured conveniently.
As shown in fig. 7 to 9, in a natural state: the end of the lip strip 17 is level with the end of the fixing strip 19 in the direction of the measuring mechanism, and the transverse length of the lip strip 17 is smaller than that of the abutting strip 18; in a state in which the plastic housing 1 is cuff-attached to the friction case 2: the abutting strip 18 is laterally bent under the extrusion action of the friction box 2, and at the moment, the end head of the lip strip 17, the end head of the abutting strip 18 and the fixing strip 19 are tightly attached to the friction box 2; under the working state of the measuring device: the lip strip 17, the abutting strip 18 and the elliptical hollow hole 20 are all deformed, and the transverse distances from the end of the lip strip 17 and the end of the abutting strip 18 to the outer side surface of the plastic shell 1 are equal and smaller than the transverse distance from the end of the fixing strip 19 facing the measuring mechanism to the outer side surface of the plastic shell 1. In a natural state: the lateral length of the lip strip 17 is 15% smaller than the lateral length of the abutment strip 18; the cross-sectional area of the elliptical hollow bore 20 is 20% of the cross-sectional area of the upper hollow structural section;
as shown in fig. 5, the base fixing reinforcement bars 16 are fixedly installed on the base tray 5 through base tray fixing holes 8, and the base tray fixing holes 8 are distributed at four corners of the base tray 5 at equal intervals; and the base fixing reinforcing steel bar 16, the measuring mechanism and the blocking mechanism are respectively positioned at two sides of the base tray 5, and the base fixing reinforcing steel bar 16 has the following functions: the measuring device is fixed in the position to be measured by means of a base fixing bar 16.
In other embodiments, the base tray 5 does not need to be provided with base fixing bars 16, but directly passes through the base tray fixing holes 8, and the measuring device is fixed at a position where friction force is required to be measured by using bolts.
Working principle of contact surface friction force measuring device:
before the concrete pouring construction of the underground rock-soil structure, filling concrete with the same label to be poured in the friction box 2, and fixing the friction force measuring device to a position to be measured through a base fixing reinforcing steel bar 16 on a base tray 5 [ or directly fixing the friction force measuring device through a base tray fixing hole 8 by adopting bolts ]; summarizing the cables of the friction force measuring device from the cable fixing joint 14 to the reserved holes of the concrete structure to be poured; after the concrete pouring construction is completed, the cable of the friction force measuring device is led out of the reserved hole and is connected with the data acquisition equipment through signals.
When the friction force measuring device works, the plastic shell 1 can be compressed and deformed under the extrusion action, and the pressure applied to the plastic shell 1 by surrounding concrete can be absorbed by a hollow structure arranged on the plastic shell, so that the stress influence of the surrounding concrete of the plastic shell 1 on the friction box 2 is eliminated; the friction box sideslip limit step 13 on the friction box 2 is embedded into the friction box sideslip limit groove 12 and slides along the length direction of the friction box sideslip limit groove 12 in a small amplitude manner, so that the interference of friction force on the horizontal direction of the bottom of the friction box 2 is also eliminated, at the moment, only the friction force between concrete and surrounding rock in the friction box 2 can be transmitted to the sensor 4 through the friction box, the cable of the sensor 4 is transmitted to data acquisition equipment, the friction force is judged through analyzing acquired data, and the risk of sliding of a sliding belt is judged.
It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. While the obvious variations or modifications which are extended therefrom remain within the scope of the claims of this patent application.
Claims (9)
1. The contact surface friction force measuring device is characterized by comprising a measuring mechanism for measuring the friction force of a contact surface, a fixed supporting mechanism for fixing and supporting the measuring mechanism and a blocking mechanism for eliminating the influence of pressure around the measuring mechanism; the measuring mechanism and the blocking mechanism are fixedly arranged on the fixed supporting mechanism, and the measuring mechanism is positioned in a space formed by the blocking mechanism, the fixed supporting mechanism and the surrounding rock;
the measuring mechanism comprises a sliding base plate (11), a friction box (2) and an inductor (4); the sliding base plate (11) is provided with a friction box sideslip limit groove (12), the friction box (2) is provided with a friction box sideslip limit step (13), and the friction box (2) is arranged on the sliding base plate (11) through the concave-convex matching action of the friction box sideslip limit step (13) and the friction box sideslip limit groove (12); the shape and the size of the friction box sideslip limit step (13) and the shape and the size of the friction box sideslip limit groove (12) are matched, and the friction box sideslip limit step (13) and the friction box sideslip limit groove (12) are in clearance fit so that the friction box (2) can slide along the length direction of the friction box sideslip limit groove (12), and the length direction of the friction box sideslip limit groove (12) is parallel to the length direction of the inductor (4);
the inductor (4) is positioned in a space formed by the sliding base plate (11) and the friction box (2), one end of the inductor (4) is fixedly arranged on the fixed supporting mechanism through an inductor installation fixing plate (9), and the other end of the inductor is fixedly connected with the friction box (2) through a bolt;
the sliding base plate (11) is fixedly arranged on the fixed supporting mechanism; the fixed supporting mechanism is provided with a cable fixing joint (14), and an inductor cable of the inductor (4) passes through the cable fixing joint (14) to penetrate out of the lower part of the fixed supporting mechanism; the blocking mechanism is sleeved on the peripheral outer side wall surface of the friction box (2).
2. The contact surface friction force measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the friction box (2) is a large metal box with an opening on the top surface and an inductor installation protecting cover (3) on the bottom surface, the inductor installation protecting cover (3) is a small metal box with an opening on the bottom surface, the side surface of the inductor installation protecting cover (3) adjacent to the inductor installation fixing plate (9) is in an opening shape, and the size of the opening on the side surface is matched with the size of the inductor installation fixing plate (9); the inductor installation protection cover (3) is integrally formed with the side wall of the friction box (2) and the bottom surface of the friction box (2);
the inductor (4) is located in the inductor installation protection cover (3), and the other end of the inductor (4) is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the inductor installation protection cover (3) away from the inductor installation fixing plate (9) through an inductor fixing nut (7).
3. The contact surface friction measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the blocking mechanism comprises a plastic shell (1) and a plastic shell limit baffle (6) positioned around the plastic shell (1), and the outer side surface of the plastic shell (1) is propped against the plastic shell limit baffle (6); the plastic shell limit baffle (6) is fixedly arranged on the fixed supporting mechanism, the plastic shell (1) is also fixedly arranged on the fixed supporting mechanism, and the inner side surface of the plastic shell (1) is tightly attached to the measuring mechanism; the plastic shell limit baffle plates (6) are two or more, the two or more plastic shell limit baffle plates (6) are distributed at equal intervals around the circumference direction of the measuring mechanism, and the plastic shell limit baffle plates (6) close to the sensor (4) of the measuring mechanism are provided with openings; the plastic shell (1) is made of one or more than two materials selected from ethylene propylene rubber, silicon rubber, chloroprene rubber, butyl rubber, nitrile rubber, polyurethane rubber or vulcanized rubber.
4. A contact surface friction measuring device according to claim 3, characterized in that the mouldable housing (1) comprises an upper hollow structural section, a middle dividing groove section and a lower solid structural section, the upper hollow structural section is fixedly connected with the lower solid structural section through the middle dividing groove section, the transverse thickness of the middle dividing groove section is smaller than the transverse thicknesses of the lower solid structural section and the upper hollow structural section, and the outer side of the middle dividing groove section is flush with the outer side of the mouldable housing (1), a dividing groove (21) along the transverse direction is formed between the upper hollow structural section and the lower solid structural section, and the opening end of the dividing groove (21) faces the measuring mechanism; the upper hollow structure section is provided with 1 lip strip (17) and two or more than two abutting strips (18) with the same length from top to bottom in sequence on the side wall adjacent to the measuring mechanism, blocking grooves are formed between the lip strip (17) and the adjacent abutting strips (18) and between the adjacent abutting strips (18), and two or more than two elliptical hollow holes (20) are sequentially formed in the upper hollow structure section from top to bottom; the lower solid structure section is a fixing strip (19) with a cemented fixed bottom, and the bottom of the fixing strip (19) is fixed on the fixing and supporting mechanism in a cemented mode;
in a natural state: the end of the lip strip (17) is level with the end of the fixing strip (19) in the direction towards the measuring mechanism, and the transverse length of the lip strip (17) is smaller than that of the abutting strip (18); in the state of the plastic housing (1) being clipped onto the measuring device: the abutting strip (18) is laterally bent under the extrusion action of the measuring mechanism, and at the moment, the end head of the lip strip (17), the end head of the abutting strip (18) and the fixing strip (19) are tightly attached to the measuring mechanism; in the operating state of the measuring device: the lip strip (17), the abutting strip (18) and the elliptical hollow hole (20) are deformed, and the transverse distances from the end of the lip strip (17) to the outer side surface of the plastic shell (1) are equal to the transverse distance from the end of the abutting strip (18) to the outer side surface of the plastic shell (1), and are smaller than the transverse distance from the end of the fixing strip (19) facing the measuring mechanism to the outer side surface of the plastic shell (1).
5. The contact surface friction measuring device according to claim 4, wherein in a natural state: the transverse length of the lip strip (17) is 15-30% smaller than that of the abutting strip (18); the cross-sectional area of the elliptical hollow bore (20) is 10-20% of the cross-sectional area of the upper hollow structural section.
6. The contact surface friction measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the fixed supporting mechanism comprises a base tray (5), a base tray fixing hole (8) is formed in the base tray (5), and one end of a base fixing reinforcing steel bar (16) is fixedly arranged on the base tray (5) through the base tray fixing hole (8); the base tray (5) is a metal plate.
7. The contact surface friction measuring device according to claim 1, wherein one end of the sensor mounting fixing plate (9) is fixedly mounted on the fixing support mechanism through a sensor mounting fixing plate diagonal brace (15), and the other end of the sensor mounting fixing plate passes through a reserved rectangular hole of the sliding base plate (11) to be fixedly connected with the sensor (4); the sliding base plate (11) is fixedly arranged on the fixed supporting mechanism through countersunk screws (10).
8. The friction measuring device for the contact surface according to claim 1, wherein the sliding pad (11) is made of a non-metal material, and the non-metal material is one or a combination of two or more of PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene plastic, PEEK polyether ether ketone plastic, PEKK polyether ketone plastic, FRP fiber reinforced composite plastic, PPS polyphenylene sulfide plastic, phenolic plastic, or PVC polyvinyl chloride plastic.
9. The contact surface friction measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the measuring mechanism comprises a sliding pad (11), a friction box (2) and an inductor (4), the blocking mechanism comprises a plastic shell (1) and a plastic shell limit baffle (6) positioned around the plastic shell (1), and the fixed supporting mechanism comprises a base tray (5) and base fixing steel bars (16);
the sliding base plate (11) is provided with a friction box sideslip limit groove (12), the friction box (2) is provided with a friction box sideslip limit step (13), and the friction box (2) is arranged on the sliding base plate (11) through the concave-convex matching action of the friction box sideslip limit step (13) and the friction box sideslip limit groove (12); the shape and the size of the friction box sideslip limit step (13) and the shape and the size of the friction box sideslip limit groove (12) are matched, and the friction box sideslip limit step (13) and the friction box sideslip limit groove (12) are in clearance fit so that the friction box (2) can slide along the length direction of the friction box sideslip limit groove (12), and the length direction of the friction box sideslip limit groove (12) is parallel to the length direction of the inductor (4);
the sliding base plate (11) is fixedly arranged on the base tray (5); a cable fixing connector (14) is arranged on the base tray (5), and an inductor cable of the inductor (4) passes through the cable fixing connector (14) to penetrate out to the lower side of the base tray (5); the plastic shell (1) is sleeved on the peripheral outer side wall surface of the friction box (2);
the friction box (2) is a large metal box with an opening on the top surface and an inductor installation protection cover (3) arranged on the bottom surface, the inductor installation protection cover (3) is a small metal box with an opening on the bottom surface, and one side surface of the inductor installation protection cover (3) is in an opening shape and is opened on one side surface of the friction box (2); the size of the sensor mounting protective cover (3) is integrally formed with the side wall of the friction box (2) and the bottom surface of the friction box (2);
the inductor (4) is positioned in the inductor installation protective cover (3), and the other end of the inductor (4) is fixedly connected with the inner side wall, far away from the inductor installation fixing plate (9), of the inductor installation protective cover (3) through an inductor fixing nut (7); the size of the sensor mounting fixing plate (9) is matched with the size of the side face of the opening of the sensor mounting protective cover (3);
one end of the inductor installation fixing plate (9) is fixedly installed on the base tray (5) through an inductor installation fixing plate diagonal brace (15), and the other end of the inductor installation fixing plate passes through a reserved rectangular hole of the sliding base plate (11) to be fixedly connected with the inductor (4); the sliding base plate (11) is fixedly arranged on the base tray (5) through countersunk screws (10); the sliding base plate (11) is made of PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene plastic;
the outer side surface of the plastic shell (1) is propped against the limiting baffle (6) of the plastic shell; the plastic shell limit baffle (6) is fixedly arranged on the base tray (5), the plastic shell (1) is also fixedly arranged on the base tray (5), and the inner side surface of the plastic shell (1) is tightly attached to the friction box (2); the plastic shell limit baffle plates (6) are two or more, the two or more plastic shell limit baffle plates (6) are distributed at equal intervals around the circumference direction of the friction box (2), and the plastic shell limit baffle plates (6) close to the sensor mounting fixing plate (9) of the measuring mechanism are provided with openings; the plastic shell (1) is made of nonmetal plastic materials;
the plastic shell (1) comprises an upper hollow structure section, a middle division groove section and a lower solid structure section, wherein the upper hollow structure section is fixedly connected with the lower solid structure section through the middle division groove section, the transverse thickness of the middle division groove section is smaller than that of the lower solid structure section and that of the upper hollow structure section, the outer side of the middle division groove section is flush with the outer side of the plastic shell (1), a division groove (21) along the transverse direction is formed between the upper hollow structure section and the lower solid structure section, and the opening end of the division groove (21) faces the friction box (2); 1 lip strip (17) and two or more abutting strips (18) with the same length are sequentially arranged on the side wall of the upper hollow structure section adjacent to the friction box (2) from top to bottom, blocking grooves are formed between the lip strip (17) and the adjacent abutting strips (18) and between the adjacent abutting strips (18), and two or more elliptical hollow holes (20) are sequentially arranged in the upper hollow structure section from top to bottom; the lower solid structure section is a fixing strip (19) with a cementable bottom, and the bottom of the fixing strip (19) is fixed on the base tray (5) in a cementation mode;
in a natural state: the end of the lip strip (17) is level with the end of the fixing strip (19) in the direction towards the measuring mechanism, and the transverse length of the lip strip (17) is smaller than that of the abutting strip (18); in a state in which the plastic housing (1) is sleeved on the friction box (2): the abutting strip (18) is laterally bent under the extrusion action of the friction box (2), and at the moment, the end head of the lip strip (17), the end head of the abutting strip (18) and the fixing strip (19) are tightly attached to the friction box (2); under the working state of the measuring device: the lip strip (17), the abutting strip (18) and the elliptical hollow hole (20) are deformed, and the transverse distance from the end of the lip strip (17) to the outer side surface of the plastic shell (1) is equal to the transverse distance from the end of the abutting strip (18) to the outer side surface of the plastic shell (1) and is smaller than the transverse distance from the end of the fixing strip (19) facing the measuring mechanism to the outer side surface of the plastic shell (1);
in a natural state: the transverse length of the lip strip (17) is 15-30% smaller than that of the abutting strip (18); the cross-sectional area of the elliptical hollow bore (20) is 10-20% of the cross-sectional area of the upper hollow structural section;
the base fixing steel bar (16) is fixedly arranged on the base tray (5) through a base tray fixing hole (8), the base tray (5) is provided with a base tray fixing hole (8), and one end of the base fixing steel bar (16) is fixedly arranged on the base tray (5) through the base tray fixing hole (8); the base tray (5) is a metal plate.
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