CN114323939B - Comprehensive experimental device for static and dynamic tension and shear of anchor rod - Google Patents
Comprehensive experimental device for static and dynamic tension and shear of anchor rod Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The comprehensive experimental device for static and dynamic tension and shear of the anchor rod comprises a base, a static tension executing mechanism, a static shear executing mechanism, a dynamic tension and shear executing mechanism and a shear box mechanism; the static stretching executing mechanism, the static shearing executing mechanism and the dynamic stretching shearing executing mechanism are arranged on the base, the shearing box mechanism is arranged on the static stretching executing mechanism, and the static stretching executing mechanism, the static shearing executing mechanism, the dynamic stretching shearing executing mechanism and the shearing box mechanism are distributed on the same straight line. The comprehensive experimental device for static and dynamic tension and shear of the anchor rod can complete static tension experiments, static shear experiments, dynamic tension experiments, dynamic shear experiments, static shear experiments and dynamic shear experiments of the anchor rod in a tensile stress state in the same equipment, realizes multiple purposes, can meet the test of comprehensive performance indexes of the anchor rod by only one equipment, and effectively saves equipment purchase cost and experimental cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of anchor rod tension shear experiments, and particularly relates to an anchor rod static and dynamic tension shear comprehensive experiment device.
Background
Along with gradual exhaustion of shallow mineral resources, exploitation of deep mineral deposits is a necessary development trend of future mining, but under deep high-stress and strong disturbance environments, excavation unloading can cause sudden release of strain energy accumulated in deep rock mass, and disasters such as rock burst, roof fall or surrounding rock large deformation are induced, so that casualties and equipment damage are caused.
Antiknock support is an effective means for preventing deep rock burst damage, and many mining anchor rods adopt the shaping deformation of steel materials to achieve the energy absorption effect. However, when rock is broken by explosion, a large amount of volume expansion is generated, and larger shearing deformation is generated, when the tensile stress of the anchor rod exceeds the yield strength of steel, the shearing capability is reduced, and if the anchor rod in the supporting system loses the shearing capability, the rock explosion supporting system is not effective any more. Therefore, the rock burst support system must have sufficient resistance to shear failure in addition to high resistance to tensile failure to effectively prevent rock burst failure.
In recent years, although some energy-absorbing antiknock anchor rods appear on the market, the energy-absorbing indexes of the energy-absorbing antiknock anchor rods are all based on the tensile property of materials and lack shear property indexes. At present, there are many devices on the market that can carry out the static tensile test of stock alone, can test the tensile or shearing performance of stock alone, can carry out the static shearing test of stock alone, but can carry out static and dynamic shearing test's device still be in the blank under the pulling force effect to current relevant experimental apparatus general function is single, in order to obtain the comprehensive performance index of stock, only can realize through the experimental apparatus of many different functions, causes equipment purchase cost and experimental cost's increase.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides the anchor rod static and dynamic tension and shear comprehensive experimental device which can complete anchor rod static tension experiments, anchor rod static shear experiments, anchor rod dynamic tension experiments, anchor rod dynamic shear experiments under tensile stress states and anchor rod dynamic shear experiments under tensile stress states in the same equipment, realizes multiple purposes, can meet the test of anchor rod comprehensive performance indexes by only one piece of equipment, and effectively saves equipment purchase cost and experiment cost.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: the comprehensive experimental device for static and dynamic tension and shear of the anchor rod comprises a base, a static tension executing mechanism, a static shear executing mechanism, a dynamic tension and shear executing mechanism and a shear box mechanism; the static stretching executing mechanism, the static shearing executing mechanism and the dynamic stretching shearing executing mechanism are arranged on the base, the shearing box mechanism is arranged on the static stretching executing mechanism, and the static stretching executing mechanism, the static shearing executing mechanism, the dynamic stretching shearing executing mechanism and the shearing box mechanism are distributed on the same straight line.
The static stretching executing mechanism comprises a static stretching frame, a static stretching actuator, a static stretching load sensor and a static stretching clamp; the static stretching frame adopts a rectangular structure; the upper surface of the base is horizontally provided with a static stretching frame sliding guide rail which adopts a parallel double-rail structure; the static stretching frame is arranged on a sliding guide rail of the static stretching frame, and the static stretching frame has linear movement freedom degree on the sliding guide rail of the static stretching frame; the static stretching actuator is horizontally and fixedly arranged on the static stretching frame, and a piston rod of the static stretching actuator is parallel to a sliding guide rail of the static stretching frame; the piston rod of the static stretching actuator extends to the inner side of the static stretching frame, and the static stretching load sensor is coaxially and fixedly arranged at the end part of the piston rod of the static stretching actuator; the static stretching clamp is coaxially arranged on the static stretching load sensor; the shearing box mechanism is arranged in the middle of the inner side of the static stretching frame, and is opposite to the static stretching clamp; the shearing box mechanism comprises a lower half shearing box, an upper half shearing box and a displacement sensor; the lower half shear box is fixedly arranged on the static stretching frame, the upper half shear box is positioned above the lower half shear box, and the displacement sensor is connected between the lower half shear box and the upper half shear box.
The static shear actuating mechanism comprises a static shear frame, a static shear actuator and a static shear load sensor; the static shearing frame adopts a gantry structure, is vertically and fixedly arranged on the base, and spans above the sliding guide rail of the static stretching frame; the static shear actuator is vertically and fixedly arranged on the cross beam of the static shear frame, and a piston rod of the static shear actuator vertically extends to the inner side of the static shear frame in an orientation manner; the static shear load sensor is coaxially and fixedly arranged at the end part of a piston rod of the static shear actuator.
The dynamic tension shear executing mechanism comprises a dynamic tension shear frame, an electromagnet, a counterweight iron block, a dynamic tension shear load sensor, a dynamic tension clamp and a hoisting steel cable; the dynamic pull shear frame adopts a gantry structure, is vertically and fixedly arranged on the base, and spans above the sliding guide rail of the static stretching frame; the electromagnet is fixedly hoisted below the cross beam of the dynamic tension shear frame, and an anchor rod passing hole is formed in the center of the electromagnet; the counterweight iron block is positioned below the electromagnet, the counterweight iron block is in ferromagnetic attraction fit with the electromagnet, and an anchor rod passing hole is formed in the center of the counterweight iron block; the dynamic tension shear load sensor is positioned below the counterweight iron block, and an anchor rod passing hole is also formed in the center of the dynamic tension shear load sensor; the dynamic stretching clamp is coaxially arranged on the dynamic stretching load sensor; the hoisting steel cable is connected to the top end of the counterweight iron block; a counterweight iron block guide sliding rail is vertically arranged on the upright post of the dynamic tension shear frame, the counterweight iron block guide sliding rail adopts a parallel double-rail structure, and the counterweight iron block has vertical movement freedom degree along the counterweight iron block guide sliding rail; and a counterweight buffer block is arranged at the bottom of the counterweight iron block guide sliding rail.
When static stretching experiments of the anchor rod are carried out, the method comprises the following steps:
Step one: the anchor rod for testing passes through the shear box mechanism, the shear box mechanism is not started, and the anchor rod is not contacted with the lower half shear box and the upper half shear box;
Step two: one end of the anchor rod is fixed on the static stretching frame through a lock, and the other end of the anchor rod is clamped and fixed by a static stretching clamp;
Step three: and starting the static stretching actuator, controlling a piston rod of the static stretching actuator to retract at a speed of 0.1mm/min, applying a static stretching load to the anchor rod, synchronously collecting load data and anchor rod deformation data until the anchor rod is broken, storing experimental data, and ending the experiment.
When the static shearing experiment of the anchor rod is carried out, the method comprises the following steps:
Step one: the anchor rod for test passes through the shear box mechanism, and the shear box mechanism is started to enable the anchor rod to be fully contacted with the lower half shear box and the upper half shear box;
Step two: one end of the anchor rod is fixed on the static stretching frame through a lock, and the other end of the anchor rod is clamped and fixed by a static stretching clamp;
Step three: moving the static stretching frame along the sliding guide rail of the static stretching frame, synchronously moving the anchor rod and the shear box mechanism along with the static stretching frame until the upper half shear box is positioned under the static shearing actuator and the static shearing load sensor, and locking the static stretching frame on the base;
Step four: starting a static shearing actuator, firstly controlling a piston rod of the static shearing actuator to extend at a speed of 100mm/min until a static shearing load sensor is in propping contact with an upper half shearing box below, afterwards controlling the piston rod of the static shearing actuator to extend at a speed of 0.1mm/min, applying a vertical load to the upper half shearing box, further applying a static shearing load to an anchor rod through the upper half shearing box and a lower half shearing box, synchronously acquiring load data and anchor rod deformation data until the anchor rod is broken, storing experimental data, and ending the experiment.
When the dynamic stretching experiment of the anchor rod is carried out, the method comprises the following steps:
Step one: the anchor rod for testing is vertically inserted from the top cross beam of the dynamic tension shear frame, so that the anchor rod sequentially passes through the electromagnet, the counterweight iron block and the anchor rod passing hole at the center of the dynamic tension shear load sensor, then the upper end of the anchor rod is fixed on the dynamic tension shear frame through a lockset, and the dynamic tension clamp is clamped and fixed at the lower end of the anchor rod;
Step two: the hoisting steel rope is connected with the counterweight iron block, the counterweight iron block is hoisted upwards through the hoisting steel rope, and the counterweight iron block moves along the counterweight iron block guide sliding rail in the hoisting process until the counterweight iron block is propped against and contacted with the electromagnet above;
step three: starting an electromagnet, adsorbing and fixing the counterweight iron block to the electromagnet under the action of electromagnetic attraction, and then releasing the connection between the hoisting steel cable and the counterweight iron block;
Step four: the electromagnet is controlled to be powered off, electromagnetic suction force is relieved, the counterweight iron block rapidly drops along the counterweight iron block guide sliding rail under the action of gravity until the counterweight iron block impacts a dynamic pull-shear load sensor below, impact force can be sequentially transmitted to the anchor rod through the dynamic pull-shear load sensor and the dynamic tension clamp, and further dynamic tension load is applied to the anchor rod through the impact force, and load data and anchor rod deformation data are synchronously collected;
Step five: and repeating the second to fourth steps until the anchor rod is broken, wherein the counterweight iron block can bring the broken lower anchor rod, the dynamic tension shear load sensor and the dynamic tension clamp to continuously fall down until the counterweight iron block impacts the counterweight buffer block, so that experimental data are saved, and the experiment is ended.
When the dynamic shear experiment of the anchor rod is carried out, the method comprises the following steps:
Step one: the anchor rod for test passes through the shear box mechanism, and the shear box mechanism is started to enable the anchor rod to be fully contacted with the lower half shear box and the upper half shear box;
Step two: one end of the anchor rod is fixed on the static stretching frame through a lock, and the other end of the anchor rod is clamped and fixed by a static stretching clamp;
Step three: the hoisting steel rope is connected with the counterweight iron block, the counterweight iron block is hoisted upwards through the hoisting steel rope, and the counterweight iron block moves along the counterweight iron block guide sliding rail in the hoisting process until the counterweight iron block is propped against and contacted with the electromagnet above;
step four: starting an electromagnet, adsorbing and fixing the counterweight iron block to the electromagnet under the action of electromagnetic attraction, and then releasing the connection between the hoisting steel cable and the counterweight iron block;
Step five: moving the static stretching frame along the sliding guide rail of the static stretching frame, synchronously moving the anchor rod and the shearing box mechanism along with the static stretching frame until the upper half shearing box is positioned right below the counterweight iron block, and locking the static stretching frame on the base;
step six: the electromagnet is controlled to be powered off, electromagnetic suction force is relieved, the counterweight iron block rapidly drops along the counterweight iron block guide sliding rail under the action of gravity until the counterweight iron block impacts the lower upper half shearing box, the impact force can apply dynamic shearing load to the anchor rod through the upper half shearing box and the lower half shearing box, and load data and anchor rod deformation data are synchronously collected;
Step seven: and repeating the third, fourth and sixth steps until the anchor rod is broken, and after the anchor rod is broken, continuing to fall the counterweight iron block with the broken front half anchor rod and the upper half shearing box until the counterweight iron block impacts the counterweight buffer block, so as to save experimental data, and ending the experiment.
When a static shear experiment under a tensile stress state is performed, the method comprises the following steps:
Step one: the anchor rod for test passes through the shear box mechanism, and the shear box mechanism is started to enable the anchor rod to be fully contacted with the lower half shear box and the upper half shear box;
Step two: one end of the anchor rod is fixed on the static stretching frame through a lock, and the other end of the anchor rod is clamped and fixed by a static stretching clamp;
Step three: moving the static stretching frame along the sliding guide rail of the static stretching frame, synchronously moving the anchor rod and the shear box mechanism along with the static stretching frame until the upper half shear box is positioned under the static shearing actuator and the static shearing load sensor, and locking the static stretching frame on the base;
step four: starting the static stretching actuator, controlling a piston rod of the static stretching actuator to retract at a speed of 1kN/s, and applying a tensile stress to the anchor rod;
step five: starting a static shear actuator, firstly controlling a piston rod of the static shear actuator to extend at a speed of 100mm/min until a static shear load sensor is in propping contact with an upper half shear box below, afterwards controlling the piston rod of the static shear actuator to extend at a speed of 0.1mm/min, applying a vertical load to the upper half shear box, further applying a static shear load to an anchor rod in a tensile stress state through the upper half shear box and a lower half shear box, synchronously acquiring load data and anchor rod deformation data until the anchor rod breaks, storing experimental data, and ending an experiment.
When a dynamic shear experiment under a tensile stress state is performed, the method comprises the following steps:
Step one: the anchor rod for test passes through the shear box mechanism, and the shear box mechanism is started to enable the anchor rod to be fully contacted with the lower half shear box and the upper half shear box;
Step two: one end of the anchor rod is fixed on the static stretching frame through a lock, and the other end of the anchor rod is clamped and fixed by a static stretching clamp;
Step three: the hoisting steel rope is connected with the counterweight iron block, the counterweight iron block is hoisted upwards through the hoisting steel rope, and the counterweight iron block moves along the counterweight iron block guide sliding rail in the hoisting process until the counterweight iron block is propped against and contacted with the electromagnet above;
step four: starting an electromagnet, adsorbing and fixing the counterweight iron block to the electromagnet under the action of electromagnetic attraction, and then releasing the connection between the hoisting steel cable and the counterweight iron block;
Step five: moving the static stretching frame along the sliding guide rail of the static stretching frame, synchronously moving the anchor rod and the shearing box mechanism along with the static stretching frame until the upper half shearing box is positioned right below the counterweight iron block, and locking the static stretching frame on the base;
step six: starting the static stretching actuator, controlling a piston rod of the static stretching actuator to retract at a speed of 1kN/s, and applying a tensile stress to the anchor rod;
step seven: the electromagnet is controlled to be powered off, electromagnetic suction force is relieved, the counterweight iron block rapidly drops along the counterweight iron block guide sliding rail under the action of gravity until the counterweight iron block impacts the lower upper half shearing box, the impact force can apply dynamic shearing load to the anchor rod in a tensile stress state through the upper half shearing box and the lower half shearing box, and load data and anchor rod deformation data are synchronously acquired;
Step eight: and repeating the third, fourth and seventh steps until the anchor rod is broken, and after the anchor rod is broken, continuing to fall the counterweight iron block with the broken front half anchor rod and the upper half shearing box until the counterweight iron block impacts the counterweight buffer block, so as to save experimental data, and ending the experiment.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
The comprehensive experimental device for static and dynamic tension and shear of the anchor rod can complete static tension experiments, static shear experiments, dynamic tension experiments, dynamic shear experiments, static shear experiments and dynamic shear experiments of the anchor rod in a tensile stress state in the same equipment, realizes multiple purposes, can meet the test of comprehensive performance indexes of the anchor rod by only one equipment, and effectively saves equipment purchase cost and experimental cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a comprehensive experimental device for static and dynamic tension and shear of an anchor rod;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a comprehensive experimental device for static and dynamic tension and shear of an anchor rod;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the comprehensive experimental device for static and dynamic tension and shear of the anchor rod;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the shear box mechanism of the present invention;
In the figure, a base, a 2-static stretching frame, a 3-static stretching actuator, a 4-static stretching load sensor, a 5-static stretching clamp, a 6-static stretching frame sliding guide rail, a 7-lower half shearing box, an 8-upper half shearing box, a 9-displacement sensor, a 10-static shearing frame, a 11-static shearing actuator, a 12-static shearing load sensor, a 13-dynamic stretching shearing frame, a 14-electromagnet, a 15-counterweight iron block, a 16-dynamic stretching load sensor, a 17-dynamic stretching clamp, a 18-hoisting steel rope, a 19-counterweight iron block guiding slide rail, a 20-counterweight buffer block and a 21-anchor rod.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and to specific examples.
1-4, The comprehensive experimental device for static and dynamic tension and shear of the anchor rod comprises a base 1, a static tension executing mechanism, a static shear executing mechanism, a dynamic tension and shear executing mechanism and a shear box mechanism; the static stretching executing mechanism, the static shearing executing mechanism and the dynamic stretching shearing executing mechanism are arranged on the base 1, the shearing box mechanism is arranged on the static stretching executing mechanism, and the static stretching executing mechanism, the static shearing executing mechanism, the dynamic stretching shearing executing mechanism and the shearing box mechanism are distributed on the same straight line.
The static stretching executing mechanism comprises a static stretching frame 2, a static stretching actuator 3, a static stretching load sensor 4 and a static stretching clamp 5; the static stretching frame 2 adopts a rectangular structure; a static stretching frame sliding guide rail 6 is horizontally arranged on the upper surface of the base 1, and the static stretching frame sliding guide rail 6 adopts a parallel double-rail structure; the static stretching frame 2 is arranged on a static stretching frame sliding guide rail 6, and the static stretching frame 2 has linear movement freedom degree on the static stretching frame sliding guide rail 6; the static stretching actuator 3 is horizontally and fixedly arranged on the static stretching frame 2, and a piston rod of the static stretching actuator 3 is parallel to the sliding guide rail 6 of the static stretching frame; the piston rod of the static stretching actuator 3 extends to the inner side of the static stretching frame 2, and the static stretching load sensor 4 is coaxially and fixedly arranged at the end part of the piston rod of the static stretching actuator 3; the static stretching clamp 5 is coaxially arranged on the static stretching load sensor 4; the shearing box mechanism is arranged in the middle of the inner side of the static stretching frame 2, and is opposite to the static stretching clamp 5; the shear box mechanism comprises a lower half shear box 7, an upper half shear box 8 and a displacement sensor 9; the lower half shear box 7 is fixedly arranged on the static stretching frame 2, the upper half shear box 8 is positioned above the lower half shear box 7, and the displacement sensor 9 is connected between the lower half shear box 7 and the upper half shear box 8.
The static shear actuator comprises a static shear frame 10, a static shear actuator 11 and a static shear load sensor 12; the static shearing frame 10 adopts a gantry structure, the static shearing frame 10 is vertically and fixedly arranged on the base 1, and the static shearing frame 10 is spanned above the sliding guide rail 6 of the static stretching frame; the static shear actuator 11 is vertically fixed on a cross beam of the static shear frame 10, and a piston rod of the static shear actuator 11 extends to the inner side of the static shear frame 10 in a vertical direction; the static shear load sensor 12 is coaxially fixed to the piston rod end of the static shear actuator 11.
The dynamic tension shear executing mechanism comprises a dynamic tension shear frame 13, an electromagnet 14, a counterweight iron block 15, a dynamic tension shear load sensor 16, a dynamic tension clamp 17 and a hoisting steel rope 18; the dynamic tension shear frame 13 adopts a gantry structure, the dynamic tension shear frame 13 is vertically and fixedly arranged on the base 1, and the dynamic tension shear frame 13 is spanned above the static tension frame sliding guide rail 6; the electromagnet 14 is fixedly hung below the cross beam of the dynamic tension shear frame 13, and an anchor rod passing hole is formed in the center of the electromagnet 14; the counterweight iron block 15 is positioned below the electromagnet 14, the counterweight iron block 15 is in magnetic attraction fit with the electromagnet 14, and an anchor rod passing hole is formed in the center of the counterweight iron block 15; the dynamic tension-shear load sensor 16 is positioned below the counterweight iron block 15, and an anchor rod passing hole is also formed in the center of the dynamic tension-shear load sensor 16; the dynamic stretching clamp 17 is coaxially arranged on the dynamic stretching load sensor 16; the hoisting steel rope 18 is connected to the top end of the counterweight iron block 15; a counterweight iron block guide sliding rail 19 is vertically arranged on the upright post of the dynamic tension shear frame 13, the counterweight iron block guide sliding rail 19 adopts a parallel double-rail structure, and the counterweight iron block 15 has vertical movement freedom along the counterweight iron block guide sliding rail 19; a counterweight buffer block 20 is arranged at the bottom of the counterweight iron block guide slide rail 19.
When static stretching experiments of the anchor rod are carried out, the method comprises the following steps:
step one: the anchor rod 21 for test passes through the shear box mechanism, the shear box mechanism is not started, and the anchor rod 21 is not contacted with the lower half shear box 7 and the upper half shear box 8;
Step two: one end of an anchor rod 21 is fixed on the static stretching frame 2 through a lock, and the other end of the anchor rod 21 is clamped and fixed by a static stretching clamp 5;
Step three: and starting the static tension actuator 3, controlling a piston rod of the static tension actuator 3 to retract at a speed of 0.1mm/min, applying a static tension load to the anchor rod 21, and synchronously collecting load data and anchor rod deformation data until the anchor rod 21 breaks, and storing experimental data and ending the experiment.
When the static shearing experiment of the anchor rod is carried out, the method comprises the following steps:
Step one: the anchor rod 21 for test passes through the shear box mechanism, and the shear box mechanism is started to enable the anchor rod 21 to be fully contacted with the lower half shear box 7 and the upper half shear box 8;
Step two: one end of an anchor rod 21 is fixed on the static stretching frame 2 through a lock, and the other end of the anchor rod 21 is clamped and fixed by a static stretching clamp 5;
step three: moving the static stretching frame 2 along the static stretching frame sliding guide rail 6, synchronously moving the anchor rods 21 and the shearing box mechanism along with the static stretching frame 2 until the upper half shearing box 8 is positioned under the static shearing actuator 11 and the static shearing load sensor 12, and then locking the static stretching frame 2 on the base 1;
Step four: starting the static shear actuator 11, firstly controlling the piston rod of the static shear actuator 11 to extend at a speed of 100mm/min until the static shear load sensor 12 is in abutting contact with the lower upper half shear box 8, afterwards controlling the piston rod of the static shear actuator 11 to extend at a speed of 0.1mm/min, applying a vertical load to the upper half shear box 8, further applying a static shear load to the anchor rod 21 through the upper half shear box 8 and the lower half shear box 7, synchronously collecting load data and anchor rod deformation data until the anchor rod 21 breaks, storing experimental data and finishing the experiment.
When the dynamic stretching experiment of the anchor rod is carried out, the method comprises the following steps:
Step one: the anchor rod 21 for testing is vertically inserted into the top cross beam of the dynamic tension shear frame 13, so that the anchor rod 21 sequentially passes through the electromagnet 14, the counterweight iron block 15 and the anchor rod passing hole at the center of the dynamic tension shear load sensor 16, then the upper end of the anchor rod 21 is fixed on the dynamic tension shear frame 13 through a lock, and the dynamic tension clamp 17 is clamped and fixed at the lower end of the anchor rod 21;
Step two: the hoisting steel rope 18 is connected with the counterweight iron block 15, the counterweight iron block 15 is hoisted upwards through the hoisting steel rope 18, and the counterweight iron block 15 moves along the counterweight iron block guide sliding rail 19 in the ascending process until the counterweight iron block 15 is propped against and contacted with the electromagnet 14 above;
step three: starting the electromagnet 14, under the action of electromagnetic attraction, adsorbing and fixing the counterweight iron block 15 on the electromagnet 14, and then releasing the connection between the hoisting steel rope 18 and the counterweight iron block 15;
Step four: the electromagnet 14 is controlled to be powered off, the electromagnetic suction force is relieved, the counterweight iron block 15 rapidly drops along the counterweight iron block guide sliding rail 19 under the action of gravity until the counterweight iron block impacts the dynamic pull-shear load sensor 16 below, the impact force is transmitted to the anchor rod 21 through the dynamic pull-shear load sensor 16 and the dynamic tension clamp 17 in sequence, and then the dynamic tension load is applied to the anchor rod 21 through the impact force, so that load data and anchor rod deformation data are synchronously collected;
step five: and repeating the second to fourth steps until the anchor rod 21 is broken, and after the anchor rod 21 is broken, continuing to fall the weight iron block 15 with the broken lower anchor rod 21, the dynamic tension shear load sensor 16 and the dynamic tension clamp 17 until the weight iron block 15 impacts the weight buffer block 20, so as to save experimental data and finish the experiment.
When the dynamic shear experiment of the anchor rod is carried out, the method comprises the following steps:
Step one: the anchor rod 21 for test passes through the shear box mechanism, and the shear box mechanism is started to enable the anchor rod 21 to be fully contacted with the lower half shear box 7 and the upper half shear box 8;
Step two: one end of an anchor rod 21 is fixed on the static stretching frame 2 through a lock, and the other end of the anchor rod 21 is clamped and fixed by a static stretching clamp 5;
Step three: the hoisting steel rope 18 is connected with the counterweight iron block 15, the counterweight iron block 15 is hoisted upwards through the hoisting steel rope 18, and the counterweight iron block 15 moves along the counterweight iron block guide sliding rail 19 in the ascending process until the counterweight iron block 15 is propped against and contacted with the electromagnet 14 above;
step four: starting the electromagnet 14, under the action of electromagnetic attraction, adsorbing and fixing the counterweight iron block 15 on the electromagnet 14, and then releasing the connection between the hoisting steel rope 18 and the counterweight iron block 15;
Step five: moving the static stretching frame 2 along the sliding guide rail 6 of the static stretching frame, synchronously moving the anchor rods 21 and the shearing box mechanism along with the static stretching frame 2 until the upper half shearing box 8 is positioned right below the counterweight iron block 15, and then locking the static stretching frame 2 on the base 1;
Step six: the electromagnet 14 is controlled to be powered off, the electromagnetic suction force is relieved, the counterweight iron block 15 rapidly drops along the counterweight iron block guide sliding rail 19 under the action of gravity until the counterweight iron block impacts the lower upper half shear box 8, the impact force can apply dynamic shear load to the anchor rod 21 through the upper half shear box 8 and the lower half shear box 7, and load data and anchor rod deformation data are synchronously collected;
Step seven: and repeating the third, fourth and sixth steps until the anchor rod 21 is broken, and after the anchor rod 21 is broken, continuing to fall the counterweight iron block 15 with the broken front half anchor rod 21 and the upper half shear box 8 until the counterweight iron block 15 impacts the counterweight buffer block 20, so as to save experimental data and finish the experiment.
When a static shear experiment under a tensile stress state is performed, the method comprises the following steps:
Step one: the anchor rod 21 for test passes through the shear box mechanism, and the shear box mechanism is started to enable the anchor rod 21 to be fully contacted with the lower half shear box 7 and the upper half shear box 8;
Step two: one end of an anchor rod 21 is fixed on the static stretching frame 2 through a lock, and the other end of the anchor rod 21 is clamped and fixed by a static stretching clamp 5;
step three: moving the static stretching frame 2 along the static stretching frame sliding guide rail 6, synchronously moving the anchor rods 21 and the shearing box mechanism along with the static stretching frame 2 until the upper half shearing box 8 is positioned under the static shearing actuator 11 and the static shearing load sensor 12, and then locking the static stretching frame 2 on the base 1;
Step four: starting the static stretching actuator 3, controlling the piston rod of the static stretching actuator 3 to retract at a speed of 1kN/s, and applying a tensile stress to the anchor rod 21;
Step five: starting the static shear actuator 11, firstly controlling a piston rod of the static shear actuator 11 to extend at a speed of 100mm/min until the static shear load sensor 12 is in abutting contact with the lower upper half shear box 8, afterwards controlling the piston rod of the static shear actuator 11 to extend at a speed of 0.1mm/min, applying a vertical load to the upper half shear box 8, further applying a static shear load to the anchor rod 21 in a tensile stress state through the upper half shear box 8 and the lower half shear box 7, synchronously collecting load data and anchor rod deformation data until the anchor rod 21 is broken, storing experimental data, and ending the experiment.
When a dynamic shear experiment under a tensile stress state is performed, the method comprises the following steps:
Step one: the anchor rod 21 for test passes through the shear box mechanism, and the shear box mechanism is started to enable the anchor rod 21 to be fully contacted with the lower half shear box 7 and the upper half shear box 8;
Step two: one end of an anchor rod 21 is fixed on the static stretching frame 2 through a lock, and the other end of the anchor rod 21 is clamped and fixed by a static stretching clamp 5;
Step three: the hoisting steel rope 18 is connected with the counterweight iron block 15, the counterweight iron block 15 is hoisted upwards through the hoisting steel rope 18, and the counterweight iron block 15 moves along the counterweight iron block guide sliding rail 19 in the ascending process until the counterweight iron block 15 is propped against and contacted with the electromagnet 14 above;
step four: starting the electromagnet 14, under the action of electromagnetic attraction, adsorbing and fixing the counterweight iron block 15 on the electromagnet 14, and then releasing the connection between the hoisting steel rope 18 and the counterweight iron block 15;
Step five: moving the static stretching frame 2 along the sliding guide rail 6 of the static stretching frame, synchronously moving the anchor rods 21 and the shearing box mechanism along with the static stretching frame 2 until the upper half shearing box 8 is positioned right below the counterweight iron block 15, and then locking the static stretching frame 2 on the base 1;
Step six: starting the static stretching actuator 3, controlling the piston rod of the static stretching actuator 3 to retract at a speed of 1kN/s, and applying a tensile stress to the anchor rod 21;
Step seven: the electromagnet 14 is controlled to be powered off, the electromagnetic suction force is relieved, the counterweight iron block 15 rapidly drops along the counterweight iron block guide sliding rail 19 under the action of gravity until the counterweight iron block impacts the lower upper half shear box 8, the impact force can apply dynamic shear load to the anchor rod 21 in a tensile stress state through the upper half shear box 8 and the lower half shear box 7, and load data and anchor rod deformation data are synchronously collected;
Step eight: and repeating the third, fourth and seventh steps until the anchor rod 21 is broken, and after the anchor rod 21 is broken, continuing to fall the counterweight iron block 15 with the broken front half anchor rod 21 and the upper half shear box 8 until the counterweight iron block 15 impacts the counterweight buffer block 20, so as to save experimental data and finish the experiment.
In all the above experiments, the test bolts 21 were left-hand finish rolled screw steels having a diameter of 22mm and a length of 2200 mm.
The embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather are intended to cover all equivalent implementations or modifications that can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. An anchor rod static and dynamic tension shear comprehensive experiment device is characterized in that: the device comprises a base, a static stretching executing mechanism, a static shearing executing mechanism, a dynamic stretching shearing executing mechanism and a shearing box mechanism; the static stretching executing mechanism, the static shearing executing mechanism and the dynamic stretching shearing executing mechanism are arranged on the base, the shearing box mechanism is arranged on the static stretching executing mechanism, and the static stretching executing mechanism, the static shearing executing mechanism, the dynamic stretching shearing executing mechanism and the shearing box mechanism are distributed on the same straight line;
The static stretching executing mechanism comprises a static stretching frame, a static stretching actuator, a static stretching load sensor and a static stretching clamp; the static stretching frame adopts a rectangular structure; the upper surface of the base is horizontally provided with a static stretching frame sliding guide rail which adopts a parallel double-rail structure; the static stretching frame is arranged on a sliding guide rail of the static stretching frame, and the static stretching frame has linear movement freedom degree on the sliding guide rail of the static stretching frame; the static stretching actuator is horizontally and fixedly arranged on the static stretching frame, and a piston rod of the static stretching actuator is parallel to a sliding guide rail of the static stretching frame; the piston rod of the static stretching actuator extends to the inner side of the static stretching frame, and the static stretching load sensor is coaxially and fixedly arranged at the end part of the piston rod of the static stretching actuator; the static stretching clamp is coaxially arranged on the static stretching load sensor; the shearing box mechanism is arranged in the middle of the inner side of the static stretching frame, and is opposite to the static stretching clamp; the shearing box mechanism comprises a lower half shearing box, an upper half shearing box and a displacement sensor; the lower half shear box is fixedly arranged on the static stretching frame, the upper half shear box is positioned above the lower half shear box, and the displacement sensor is connected between the lower half shear box and the upper half shear box;
The static shear actuating mechanism comprises a static shear frame, a static shear actuator and a static shear load sensor; the static shearing frame adopts a gantry structure, is vertically and fixedly arranged on the base, and spans above the sliding guide rail of the static stretching frame; the static shear actuator is vertically and fixedly arranged on the cross beam of the static shear frame, and a piston rod of the static shear actuator vertically extends to the inner side of the static shear frame in an orientation manner; the static shear load sensor is coaxially and fixedly arranged at the end part of a piston rod of the static shear actuator;
The dynamic tension shear executing mechanism comprises a dynamic tension shear frame, an electromagnet, a counterweight iron block, a dynamic tension shear load sensor, a dynamic tension clamp and a hoisting steel cable; the dynamic pull shear frame adopts a gantry structure, is vertically and fixedly arranged on the base, and spans above the sliding guide rail of the static stretching frame; the electromagnet is fixedly hoisted below the cross beam of the dynamic tension shear frame, and an anchor rod passing hole is formed in the center of the electromagnet; the counterweight iron block is positioned below the electromagnet, the counterweight iron block is in ferromagnetic attraction fit with the electromagnet, and an anchor rod passing hole is formed in the center of the counterweight iron block; the dynamic tension shear load sensor is positioned below the counterweight iron block, and an anchor rod passing hole is also formed in the center of the dynamic tension shear load sensor; the dynamic stretching clamp is coaxially arranged on the dynamic stretching load sensor; the hoisting steel cable is connected to the top end of the counterweight iron block; a counterweight iron block guide sliding rail is vertically arranged on the upright post of the dynamic tension shear frame, the counterweight iron block guide sliding rail adopts a parallel double-rail structure, and the counterweight iron block has vertical movement freedom degree along the counterweight iron block guide sliding rail; and a counterweight buffer block is arranged at the bottom of the counterweight iron block guide sliding rail.
2. The comprehensive experimental device for static and dynamic tension and shear of the anchor rod according to claim 1, when static tension experiments of the anchor rod are carried out, the comprehensive experimental device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step one: the anchor rod for testing passes through the shear box mechanism, the shear box mechanism is not started, and the anchor rod is not contacted with the lower half shear box and the upper half shear box;
Step two: one end of the anchor rod is fixed on the static stretching frame through a lock, and the other end of the anchor rod is clamped and fixed by a static stretching clamp;
Step three: and starting the static stretching actuator, controlling a piston rod of the static stretching actuator to retract at a speed of 0.1mm/min, applying a static stretching load to the anchor rod, synchronously collecting load data and anchor rod deformation data until the anchor rod is broken, storing experimental data, and ending the experiment.
3. The comprehensive experimental device for static and dynamic pulling and shearing of the anchor rod according to claim 1, when the static shearing experiment of the anchor rod is carried out, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step one: the anchor rod for test passes through the shear box mechanism, and the shear box mechanism is started to enable the anchor rod to be fully contacted with the lower half shear box and the upper half shear box;
Step two: one end of the anchor rod is fixed on the static stretching frame through a lock, and the other end of the anchor rod is clamped and fixed by a static stretching clamp;
Step three: moving the static stretching frame along the sliding guide rail of the static stretching frame, synchronously moving the anchor rod and the shear box mechanism along with the static stretching frame until the upper half shear box is positioned under the static shearing actuator and the static shearing load sensor, and locking the static stretching frame on the base;
Step four: starting a static shearing actuator, firstly controlling a piston rod of the static shearing actuator to extend at a speed of 100mm/min until a static shearing load sensor is in propping contact with an upper half shearing box below, afterwards controlling the piston rod of the static shearing actuator to extend at a speed of 0.1mm/min, applying a vertical load to the upper half shearing box, further applying a static shearing load to an anchor rod through the upper half shearing box and a lower half shearing box, synchronously acquiring load data and anchor rod deformation data until the anchor rod is broken, storing experimental data, and ending the experiment.
4. The comprehensive experimental device for static and dynamic tension and shear of the anchor rod according to claim 1, when a dynamic tension experiment of the anchor rod is carried out, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step one: the anchor rod for testing is vertically inserted from the top cross beam of the dynamic tension shear frame, so that the anchor rod sequentially passes through the electromagnet, the counterweight iron block and the anchor rod passing hole at the center of the dynamic tension shear load sensor, then the upper end of the anchor rod is fixed on the dynamic tension shear frame through a lockset, and the dynamic tension clamp is clamped and fixed at the lower end of the anchor rod;
Step two: the hoisting steel rope is connected with the counterweight iron block, the counterweight iron block is hoisted upwards through the hoisting steel rope, and the counterweight iron block moves along the counterweight iron block guide sliding rail in the hoisting process until the counterweight iron block is propped against and contacted with the electromagnet above;
step three: starting an electromagnet, adsorbing and fixing the counterweight iron block to the electromagnet under the action of electromagnetic attraction, and then releasing the connection between the hoisting steel cable and the counterweight iron block;
Step four: the electromagnet is controlled to be powered off, electromagnetic suction force is relieved, the counterweight iron block rapidly drops along the counterweight iron block guide sliding rail under the action of gravity until the counterweight iron block impacts a dynamic pull-shear load sensor below, impact force can be sequentially transmitted to the anchor rod through the dynamic pull-shear load sensor and the dynamic tension clamp, and further dynamic tension load is applied to the anchor rod through the impact force, and load data and anchor rod deformation data are synchronously collected;
Step five: and repeating the second to fourth steps until the anchor rod is broken, wherein the counterweight iron block can bring the broken lower anchor rod, the dynamic tension shear load sensor and the dynamic tension clamp to continuously fall down until the counterweight iron block impacts the counterweight buffer block, so that experimental data are saved, and the experiment is ended.
5. The comprehensive experimental device for static and dynamic pulling and shearing of the anchor rod according to claim 1, when a dynamic shearing experiment of the anchor rod is carried out, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step one: the anchor rod for test passes through the shear box mechanism, and the shear box mechanism is started to enable the anchor rod to be fully contacted with the lower half shear box and the upper half shear box;
Step two: one end of the anchor rod is fixed on the static stretching frame through a lock, and the other end of the anchor rod is clamped and fixed by a static stretching clamp;
Step three: the hoisting steel rope is connected with the counterweight iron block, the counterweight iron block is hoisted upwards through the hoisting steel rope, and the counterweight iron block moves along the counterweight iron block guide sliding rail in the hoisting process until the counterweight iron block is propped against and contacted with the electromagnet above;
step four: starting an electromagnet, adsorbing and fixing the counterweight iron block to the electromagnet under the action of electromagnetic attraction, and then releasing the connection between the hoisting steel cable and the counterweight iron block;
Step five: moving the static stretching frame along the sliding guide rail of the static stretching frame, synchronously moving the anchor rod and the shearing box mechanism along with the static stretching frame until the upper half shearing box is positioned right below the counterweight iron block, and locking the static stretching frame on the base;
step six: the electromagnet is controlled to be powered off, electromagnetic suction force is relieved, the counterweight iron block rapidly drops along the counterweight iron block guide sliding rail under the action of gravity until the counterweight iron block impacts the lower upper half shearing box, the impact force can apply dynamic shearing load to the anchor rod through the upper half shearing box and the lower half shearing box, and load data and anchor rod deformation data are synchronously collected;
Step seven: and repeating the third, fourth and sixth steps until the anchor rod is broken, and after the anchor rod is broken, continuing to fall the counterweight iron block with the broken front half anchor rod and the upper half shearing box until the counterweight iron block impacts the counterweight buffer block, so as to save experimental data, and ending the experiment.
6. The comprehensive experimental device for static and dynamic tension and shear of an anchor rod according to claim 1, when a static shear experiment is performed under a tensile stress state, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step one: the anchor rod for test passes through the shear box mechanism, and the shear box mechanism is started to enable the anchor rod to be fully contacted with the lower half shear box and the upper half shear box;
Step two: one end of the anchor rod is fixed on the static stretching frame through a lock, and the other end of the anchor rod is clamped and fixed by a static stretching clamp;
Step three: moving the static stretching frame along the sliding guide rail of the static stretching frame, synchronously moving the anchor rod and the shear box mechanism along with the static stretching frame until the upper half shear box is positioned under the static shearing actuator and the static shearing load sensor, and locking the static stretching frame on the base;
step four: starting the static stretching actuator, controlling a piston rod of the static stretching actuator to retract at a speed of 1kN/s, and applying a tensile stress to the anchor rod;
step five: starting a static shear actuator, firstly controlling a piston rod of the static shear actuator to extend at a speed of 100mm/min until a static shear load sensor is in propping contact with an upper half shear box below, afterwards controlling the piston rod of the static shear actuator to extend at a speed of 0.1mm/min, applying a vertical load to the upper half shear box, further applying a static shear load to an anchor rod in a tensile stress state through the upper half shear box and a lower half shear box, synchronously acquiring load data and anchor rod deformation data until the anchor rod breaks, storing experimental data, and ending an experiment.
7. The comprehensive experimental device for static and dynamic tension and shear of an anchor rod according to claim 1, when a dynamic shear experiment under a tensile stress state is performed, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step one: the anchor rod for test passes through the shear box mechanism, and the shear box mechanism is started to enable the anchor rod to be fully contacted with the lower half shear box and the upper half shear box;
Step two: one end of the anchor rod is fixed on the static stretching frame through a lock, and the other end of the anchor rod is clamped and fixed by a static stretching clamp;
Step three: the hoisting steel rope is connected with the counterweight iron block, the counterweight iron block is hoisted upwards through the hoisting steel rope, and the counterweight iron block moves along the counterweight iron block guide sliding rail in the hoisting process until the counterweight iron block is propped against and contacted with the electromagnet above;
step four: starting an electromagnet, adsorbing and fixing the counterweight iron block to the electromagnet under the action of electromagnetic attraction, and then releasing the connection between the hoisting steel cable and the counterweight iron block;
Step five: moving the static stretching frame along the sliding guide rail of the static stretching frame, synchronously moving the anchor rod and the shearing box mechanism along with the static stretching frame until the upper half shearing box is positioned right below the counterweight iron block, and locking the static stretching frame on the base;
step six: starting the static stretching actuator, controlling a piston rod of the static stretching actuator to retract at a speed of 1kN/s, and applying a tensile stress to the anchor rod;
step seven: the electromagnet is controlled to be powered off, electromagnetic suction force is relieved, the counterweight iron block rapidly drops along the counterweight iron block guide sliding rail under the action of gravity until the counterweight iron block impacts the lower upper half shearing box, the impact force can apply dynamic shearing load to the anchor rod in a tensile stress state through the upper half shearing box and the lower half shearing box, and load data and anchor rod deformation data are synchronously acquired;
Step eight: and repeating the third, fourth and seventh steps until the anchor rod is broken, and after the anchor rod is broken, continuing to fall the counterweight iron block with the broken front half anchor rod and the upper half shearing box until the counterweight iron block impacts the counterweight buffer block, so as to save experimental data, and ending the experiment.
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| CN115711809B (en) * | 2022-11-15 | 2023-08-18 | 山东科技大学 | System and method for testing anchoring performance of full-size rock mass anchor rod under composite load |
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