CN107576566B - A comprehensive test method for mechanical properties of mine support materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a comprehensive test method for the mechanical properties of mine support materials, which can effectively solve the problem that the current test method cannot comprehensively test the shear performance of anchor rods, so that it can simultaneously realize the test of the tensile and shear properties of anchor rods and the tensile shear performance of anchors , U-shaped steel bracket compression performance test, and the problem of mine support member compression test, the technical solution is to include the following steps: 1) Tensile test of anchor rod and anchor cable; 2) Mechanical test of support member; 3 ) bolt and anchor shear test; 4) composite tensile-shear test; 5) performance detection data output; the method of the present invention is simple and reasonable, with good effect, and the force is measured by a high-precision load sensor, which is widely used and simple and easy to operate. It is a great innovation in the comprehensive testing method of mechanical properties of mine support materials.

Description

A comprehensive test method for mechanical properties of mine support materials

technical field

The invention relates to the field of mine support, in particular to a method for comprehensively testing the mechanical properties of mine support materials.

Background technique

With the increasingly complex mining conditions, various joint support forms based on anchor net support are generally used in the roadway, but the effect is mediocre. The reasons are as follows: (1) After the mine enters deep mining, the mechanical state of the mine roadway supporting materials becomes more and more complicated. In the anchor net support system, the anchor rod (cable) is not only subjected to tensile/compressive stress, but also shear stress, and the deformation and failure of the anchor rod (cable) is largely due to the result of shearing. The testing equipment does not have tensile-shear mechanical performance test, especially the shear performance under the anchored state; (2) There are serious defects in the rational matching of anchor-mesh support system components and shed-type support system components, which affects the interaction of system components. (3) Under the action of high stress, the deep roadway must require high-strength support materials. At present, there is a lack of relevant large-tonnage test devices and corresponding test methods in China. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a comprehensive test method for the mechanical properties of mine support materials.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above situation, in order to solve the defects of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a comprehensive test method for the mechanical properties of mine support materials, which can effectively solve the problem that the current test method cannot comprehensively test the shear performance of the anchor rod, so that it can be realized at the same time. Tensile, shear and tensile shear performance tests of anchor rods (cables), compressive performance tests of U-shaped steel brackets, and compression tests of mine support components.

The technical solution solved by the present invention includes the following steps: 1) Tensile test of anchor rod and anchor cable; 2) Mechanical test of supporting components; 3) Shear test of anchor rod (cable) and anchoring body; 4) Composite tensile test ;5) Performance testing data output.

The method of the invention is simple and reasonable, has good effect, uses a high-precision load sensor to measure the force, has wide application, is simple and easy to operate, and is a great innovation in the comprehensive test method for the mechanical properties of mine support materials.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a front view of Fig. 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a side view of Fig. 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a top view of Fig. 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the transverse shear device (anchor rod (cable) and anchor shear test device) of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the vertical loading device (the device for testing the tensile strength of the bolt and the mechanical testing device for the support member) of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the control device of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The specific implementation manners of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Provided by Fig. 1-7, the present invention utilizes mine support material mechanical property comprehensive testing device, then carries out following test procedure:

1) Tensile test of anchor rod and anchor cable: when performing comprehensive testing of the mechanical properties of mine support materials, first fix the comprehensive test device for the mechanical properties of the entire mine support material on the ground that has been treated with cement. When pulling performance, the vertical servo actuator 1 is fixed on the top of the upper beam 2 by bolts, and the vertical servo actuator 1 and the upper beam 2 are provided with supporting force through the column 4, and the tension sensor 3 and the chuck 6 Linked by the chuck guide frame 5, the chuck 6 can move in the vertical direction under the joint action of the vertical servo actuator 1 and the tension sensor 3, and the anchor rod 11 utilizes the chuck 6 and the tension attachment 7. Fixing its position can realize the tensile test of the anchor rod 11, and the vertical displacement measurement range is 500mm;

2) Mechanical test of support components: When testing the performance of support components, three sections of U-shaped steel 10 are connected through two U-shaped steel clamps 9 or four sections of U-shaped steel 10 are connected through three U-shaped steel clamps 9, and the 12. The position of the limit block 13 and the stopper 14 is fixed, and the chuck 6 provides vertical pressure to the U-shaped steel through the compression attachment 8, so that the mechanical test of the support member can be realized, and the U-shaped steel 10 and the U-shaped steel clip can be detected. hoops 9, and measure the performance of U-shaped steel 10 and U-shaped steel clamps 9 at the same time. In addition, the anchor tray is placed on the end of the horizontally moving guide rail 20, that is, under the chuck 6, and the corresponding anchor tray can be measured. anti-compression performance;

3) Anchor (cable) and anchor shear test: When testing the anchor (cable) and anchor, fix the prepared anchor 22 and anchor (cable) 16 with the shear attachment 17 , the shearing sensor 18 can move horizontally on the horizontal moving guide rail 20 through the pulley 23 under the effect of the shearing servo cylinder 19. At this time, the upper part and the lower part of the shearing attachment 17 are fixed, and the middle part Under the action of the shear servo cylinder 19, the movement in the horizontal direction can be realized. After the shear servo cylinder 19 is started, the middle part of the test block composed of the anchor 22 and the anchor rod (cable) 16 can provide horizontal shear. Force, to realize the shear test of anchor rod (cable) 16 and anchor body 22, the whole shear test device provides support force through horizontal loading bracket 21, and the lateral displacement measurement range is 100mm;

4) Composite tensile-shear test: when testing the mechanical properties of the anchor (cable) and anchor body under composite stress (under the joint action of tensile test and shear test), the test consisting of the anchor body 22 and the anchor rod (cable) 16 The anchor rod (cable) 16 in the component is fixed in position by the chuck 6 and the tensile attachment 7, the anchor rod (cable) 16 applies a vertical pulling force through the vertical servo actuator 1, and the anchor 22 uses the shear attachment 17 fixed position, the anchor body 22 applies a shear force in the horizontal direction through the shear servo cylinder 19, so as to realize the mechanical performance detection of the anchor rod (cable) and the anchor body under the combined stress (tension-shear effect);

5) Output of performance testing data: the control device combines a computer for data processing and a hydraulic oil source 26 for power on the control cabinet 27, wherein the host computer 25 and the hydraulic oil source 26 are located inside the control cabinet 27, and the Control the tensile force applied in the tensile test, the pressure applied in the mechanical test of the support member, the shear force applied in the anchor (cable) and anchor test, and the applied shear force in the anchor (cable) and anchor composite tensile shear test. At the same time, the computer can record the detected data and draw the corresponding performance curve, so as to achieve the performance detection of the corresponding test specimen.

The comprehensive testing device for the mechanical properties of mine support materials comprises a vertical loading device, a transverse shearing device and a control device, and the vertical loading device comprises a rigid loading frame composed of a base 15, an upper beam 2 and four columns 4, and the base 15 and The upper beams 2 are supported and connected by four columns 4, the vertical servo actuator 1 is placed on the upper beam 2, the piston rod of the vertical servo actuator 1 is connected to the tensile sensor 3, and the tensile sensor 3 is connected to the chuck guide Frame 5 and chuck 6, tensile sensor 3 directly test the vertical test force, used for tension of anchor rod (cable) assembly and mechanical test of supporting member; transverse shearing device consists of horizontal loading bracket 21, horizontal moving guide rail 20 , shearing servo cylinder 19 and shearing attachment 17, the horizontal loading bracket 21 is provided with a horizontal moving guide rail 20, the shearing attachment 17, shearing sensor 18 and shearing servo cylinder 19 are sequentially connected and assembled together to move horizontally Guide rail 20 is fixed on the top of horizontal loading support 21, and pulley 23 can slide on horizontally moving guide rail 20, stretch sensor 3, shear sensor 18 link to each other with main frame 25 of control device through wire, vertical servo actuator 1 and The hydraulic oil source 26 of the control device is connected.

In order to ensure the effect of use, the height of the vertical loading device (that is, the tensile testing device for the anchor rod and the mechanical testing device for the support member) is 4270mm, the length is 3200mm, and the width is 1075mm. The model of the vertical servo actuator 1 is It is WAW-1500/1000J, capable of providing a maximum tensile force of 1000kN and a maximum compressive force of 1500kN; the maximum distance between tensile anchor components is 1500mm, and the test speed range is 0.5-100mm/min; the chuck guide frame 5 and chuck 6 are located on four The inside of a column 4, to ensure that the chuck 6 can move in the vertical direction, the size of the chuck 6 is 257mm in thickness, 600mm in height, and 750mm in length; the distance between the nearest parts of the two chucks 6 under the maximum tensile range is 1200mm; the base 15 is located at the bottom of the four uprights 4, and the size is 320mm in height, 300mm in thickness, and 3200mm in length, and two stretching accessories 7 are arranged on the chuck 6.

Both sides of the base 15 of the vertical loading device are provided with stoppers 14, and the size of the stoppers 14 is 170 mm in height, 210 mm in length, and 170 mm in width; the side of the stopper 14 away from the four columns 4 is provided with a backing plate on the base 15 12. The height of the backing plate 12 is 1820mm, and the length is 3200mm; between the stoppers 14, there is an arc body with three sections of U-shaped steel 10 connected by two U-shaped steel clamps 9 or four sections of U-shaped steel 10 connected by three U-shaped steel clamps 9 , the highest point of the arc body is connected with a compression accessory 8, and the U-shaped steel 10 is provided with a limit block 13 located at the upper left and upper right parts of the backing plate 12, and arranged according to a certain arc, the size is 85mm in diameter and 170mm in length ; The maximum span of U-shaped steel 10 (support component test part) is 2860mm, and the height is 1500mm; The end of the guide rail 20 is moved horizontally, that is, below the chuck 6, so that the corresponding compressive performance of the pallet can be measured.

The transverse shearing device (i.e. the anchor rod (cable) and the anchor shear test device) has a height of 1100mm, a length of 1800mm, and a width of 860mm; the shear servo cylinder 19 can provide the maximum transverse shear test force 1000kN, the test speed is 0.5-100 mm/min; the shear sensor 18 is fixed inside the shear attachment 17, the shear sensor 18 is connected with the shear servo cylinder 19, and pulleys 23 are installed on both sides of the transverse shear device, each side There are two pulleys 23, and the pulleys 23 are placed in the horizontal moving guide rail 20 fixed on the horizontal loading bracket 21, so that the horizontal movement on the horizontal loading bracket can be realized; the test part composed of the anchor body 22 and the anchor rod (cable) 16 It is fixed by shearing attachment 17.

The control device is 1100mm high, 1500mm long, and 600mm wide, including a main engine 25, a hydraulic oil source 26 and a control cabinet 27, which is to combine a computer for data processing and a hydraulic oil source 26 that provides power on the control cabinet 27; The inside of the control cabinet 27 is provided with a host computer 25 and a hydraulic oil source 26, the host computer 25 and the hydraulic oil source 26 are all connected to the display 24 through wires, and the applied tension of the tensile test is controlled by the host computer 25, the display 24, and the hydraulic oil source 26 , the pressure applied by the mechanical test of the support member and the shear force applied by the anchor rod (cable) and the anchor body, and the host computer 25 and the display 24 can record the detected data and draw the corresponding performance curve.

The working situation of the present invention is: when carrying out the comprehensive test of the mechanical properties of the mine support material, the whole device is first fixed on the ground which has been specially treated; the bolt tensile test device is to pass the vertical servo actuator 1 through the bolt It is fixed above the upper beam 2 and provides support for the vertical servo actuator 1 and the upper beam 2 through the column 4. The tension sensor 3 and the chuck 6 are linked through the chuck guide frame 5. The chuck 6 is in the vertical Under the joint action of the servo actuator 1 and the tension sensor 3, the movement in the vertical direction can be realized. When the anchor rod 11 is fixed in its position by the chuck 6 and the tension attachment 7, the tension detection of the anchor rod 11 can be realized. , the vertical displacement measurement range is 500mm; the mechanical test device of the supporting member is when three sections of U-shaped steel 10 are connected by two U-shaped steel clamps 9 or four sections of U-shaped steel 10 are connected by three U-shaped steel clamps 9, and the leaning plate 12, The position of the limit block 13 and the stopper 14 is fixed, and the chuck 6 provides vertical pressure to the U-shaped steel through the compression attachment 8, so that the mechanical test of the support member can be realized, and the U-shaped steel 10 and the U-shaped steel clamp 9 can be detected. The connection quality between the U-shaped steel 10 and the U-shaped steel clamp 9 is measured at the same time. In addition, the anchor pallet is placed on the end of the horizontally moving guide rail 20, that is, under the chuck 6, and the corresponding compression resistance of the pallet can be measured. Anchor rod (cable) and anchor body shear test device, the anchor body 22 and the anchor rod (cable) 16 that will be made are fixed by shearing attachment 17, and the shear sensor 18 is in the position of the shear servo cylinder 19. Under the action, the horizontal movement can be realized on the horizontal moving guide rail 20 through the pulley 23. At this time, the upper part and the lower part of the shearing attachment 17 are fixed, and the middle part can be realized under the action of the shearing servo cylinder 19. Moving in the horizontal direction, after starting the shearing servo cylinder 19, a shearing force in the horizontal direction is provided in the middle of the test block composed of the anchor body 22 and the anchor rod (cable) 16, so as to realize the anchor rod (cable) 16 and the anchor body 22 shear test, the entire shear test device provides support through the horizontal loading bracket 21, and the lateral displacement measurement range is 100mm; The performance testing device is to fix the position of the anchor rod (cable) 16 in the test member composed of the anchor body 22 and the anchor rod (cable) 16 through the chuck 6 and the tensile attachment 7, and the anchor rod (cable) 16 is fixed by the vertical servo Actuator 1 applies vertical pulling force, anchor 22 fixes its position with shear attachment 17, and anchor 22 applies horizontal shear force through shear servo cylinder 19, thereby realizing anchoring under compound stress (tension-shear action) Rod (cable) and anchor mechanical performance testing; the control system is to combine the computer used for data processing and the hydraulic oil source 26 providing power on the control cabinet 27; Internally, the computer composed of the host computer 25 and the monitor 24 is used to control the tensile force applied by the tensile test, the pressure applied by the mechanical test of the supporting member, and the shear force applied by the anchor rod (cable) and the anchoring body. The computer can record the detected data and draw the corresponding performance curve, so as to achieve the performance detection of the corresponding test specimen.

The value of the test force detected by the shear sensor 18 is imported to the computer through the data line, which can display various test data, draw test force-time curves, and automatic data processing of the curves; it has complete file operation and data storage functions, and has complete Advanced safety protection device; when the test force exceeds the maximum test force of each gear, overload protection and system unloading; when the piston displacement reaches the front and rear limit positions, stroke protection and oil pump motor stop.

The working principle of the present invention is: after adding the anchor rod (cable) 11 and the limit block 13 in the stretching attachment 7 to fix the U-shaped steel of the supporting member or adding the anchor 22 in the shearing attachment 17, the tensile sensor 3 or the shear sensor 18 processes and records the force borne by the test parts by computer, so as to carry out a comprehensive test of the mechanical properties of the mine support material, and obtain the corresponding roadway support through multiple observation records and analysis of the data of the dynamometer. Mechanical properties of protective materials.

The invention has a novel and reasonable structure, good effect, and expands its measuring range, and can carry out tensile testing of anchor rods, mechanical tests of supporting components, shear tests of anchor rods (cables) and anchor bodies, and composite stress (tension-shear action) Scientific research activities such as anchor bolt (cable) and anchor body mechanical performance testing; the test device measures the value of the force through a high-precision load sensor, uses the control device to control the test process, and imports it into the computer to display the value of the test force and the test curve. According to the test requirements, the test data can be processed automatically, and various test curves such as test force-displacement, test force-time, test force-displacement (deformation) can be displayed at the same time. It is a great innovation of testing device and has good economic and social benefits.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of mine support material mechanical performance integrated test facility, which is characterized in that utilize the mine support mechanics of materials Energy comprehensive test device, then carries out following tests step:

1) anchor shaft anchor cable tension test: when carrying out the integration test of mine support material mechanical performance, first by entire mine support Material mechanical performance comprehensive test device is fixed on above the ground crossed by cement treated, when test anchor pole (11) tensile property When, vertical servo actuator (1) is bolted on to the top of upper beam (2), and give vertical servo by column (4) Actuator (1) and upper beam (2) provide holding power, and stretch sensor (3) and collet (6) pass through collet leading truck (5) progress chain It connects, collet (6) realizes the shifting in vertical direction under the collective effect of vertical servo actuator (1) and stretch sensor (3) Dynamic, anchor pole (11) fixes its position using collet (6) and tensioning auxiliary appliance (7), realizes the detection of anchor pole (11) tension, and vertical deviation is surveyed Measure range 500mm；

2) support unit mechanical test: being that three sections of U-shaped steels (10) are passed through two U-shaped steel cards when testing support unit performance It binds round (9) connection or four sections of U-shaped steels (10) and passes through three U-shaped steel clip (9) connections, backup plate (12), limited block (13) and block (14) its position is fixed, collet (6) attaches (8) by compression and upwards pressure to U-shaped steel offer Vertical Square, just realizes supporting structure Part mechanical test detects the quality of connection between U-shaped steel (10) and U-shaped steel clip (9), while measuring U-shaped steel (10) and U-shaped steel The performance of clip (9), in addition, anchoring tray to be placed on to the end for moving horizontally guide rail (20), i.e. the lower section in collet (6) is surveyed Measure the corresponding anti-compression properties of anchoring tray；

3) anchor pole and anchoring body shearing test: when testing anchor pole and anchoring body, by the anchoring body made (22) and anchor pole (16) it attaches (17) by shearing it is fixed, shear sensors (18) are led under the action of shearing servo-cylinder (19) Cross pulley (23) and realize it on moving horizontally guide rail (20) and move horizontally, shearing at this time attach (17) upper section and under Side be partially it is fixed, middle section is under the action of shear servo-cylinder (19), movement in realization horizontal direction, and starting cuts After cutting servo-cylinder (19), to be provided in horizontal direction in the middle part of the test block of anchoring body (22) and anchor pole (16) composition Shearing force, realizes the shearing test of anchor pole (16) and anchoring body (22), and entire shearing test device passes through horizontal addload bracket (21) holding power, lateral displacement measurement range 100mm are provided；

4) compound tensile shear testing: when testing anchor pole and anchoring body mechanical property under combined stress, by anchoring body (22) and anchor pole (16) anchor pole (16) in the test component formed is by collet (6) and the fixed position of tensioning auxiliary appliance (7), and anchor pole (16) is by hanging down Apply the pulling force of vertical direction to servo actuator (1), anchoring body (22) attaches (17) fixed position, anchoring body using shearing (22) apply the shearing force of horizontal direction by shearing servo-cylinder (19), to realize combined stress lower bolt and anchoring physical strength Learn performance detection；

5) performance detection data exports: control device is by the computer for being used for data processing and provides the hydraulic oil source (26) of power Combination is on control cabinet (27), wherein host (25) and hydraulic oil source (26) are located at the inside of control cabinet (27), pass through computer It is applied to control pulling force, support unit mechanical test pressure applied, anchor pole and anchoring body test that tension test is applied Pulling force and shearing force that the shearing force that adds, anchor pole and anchoring bluk recombination tensile shear testing are applied, simultaneous computer is to detecting Data are recorded and draw respective performances curve, to reach the performance detection of corresponding test test specimen.

2. mine support material mechanical performance integrated test facility according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the mine Mountain support material mechanical property comprehensive test device includes vertical loading device, lateral shear device and control device, it is vertical plus It carries and sets the rigid loading frame including pedestal (15), upper beam (2) and four columns (4) composition, pedestal (15) and upper beam (2) Between supported and connect by four columns (4), vertical servo actuator (1) is placed on upper beam (2), vertical servo actuator (1) Piston rod connect stretch sensor (3), stretch sensor (3) connecting clip leading truck (5) and collet (6), lateral shear fill Set by horizontal addload bracket (21), move horizontally guide rail (20), shearing servo-cylinder (19) and shearing attach (17) and constitute, level Load bracket (21) is equipped with and moves horizontally guide rail (20), and shearing attaches (17), shear sensors (18) and shearing servo-cylinder (19) it is sequentially connected and fits together, move horizontally the top that guide rail (20) is fixed on horizontal addload bracket (21), pulley (23) It is slided on moving horizontally guide rail (20), the master of stretch sensor (3), shear sensors (18) through conducting wire and control device Machine (25) is connected, and vertical servo actuator (1) is connected with the hydraulic oil source (26) of control device.

3. mine support material mechanical performance integrated test facility according to claim 2, which is characterized in that described hangs down It is 4270mm, length 3200mm, width 1075mm, the model of vertical servo actuator (1) to the height of loading device For WAW-1500/1000J, it is capable of providing maximum stretching force 1000kN, maximum compression 1500kN；Stretch maximum spacing 1500mm, test speed range are 0.5-100mm/min；Collet leading truck (5) and collet (6) are located at the interior of four columns (4) Portion, to guarantee that collet (6) can be realized the movement in vertical direction, the size of collet (6) is thickness 257mm, height 600mm, Length 750mm；The nearest position of two collets (6) distance under maximum tension range is 1200mm；Pedestal (15) is located at four The lower part of root post (4) is set attached there are two stretching having a size of height 320mm, thickness 300mm, length 3200mm on collet (6) Have (7).

4. mine support material mechanical performance integrated test facility according to claim 2, which is characterized in that described hangs down Block (14) are equipped with to pedestal (15) two sides of loading device, block (14) is having a size of height 170mm, length 210mm, width 170mm；Block (14) side far from four columns (4) is equipped with backup plate (12) on pedestal (15), backup plate (12) height 1820mm, Length 3200mm；It is equipped with three sections of U-shaped steels (10) between block (14) and passes through two U-shaped steel clip (9) connections or four sections of U-shaped steels (10) arc body connected by three U-shaped steel clips (9), arc body highest point are connected with compression and attach (8), U-shaped steel (10) It is equipped with the limited block (13) at the upper left position and upper right position positioned at backup plate (12), and is arranged by certain radian, ruler Very little is diameter 85mm, length 170mm；The maximum span of U-shaped steel (10) is 2860mm, height 1500mm.

5. mine support material mechanical performance integrated test facility according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the cross To shear, height 1100mm, length 1800mm, width 860mm；Shearing servo-cylinder (19) can be provided most Big transverse shearing test power 1000kN, test speed are 0.5-100 mm/min；Shearing, which attaches, is fixed with shearing sensing in (17) Device (18), shear sensors (18) are connected with shearing servo-cylinder (19), and lateral shear device two sides are equipped with pulley (23), every side There are two pulley (23), pulley (23), which is placed in, is fixed on moving horizontally in guide rail (20) on horizontal addload bracket (21), anchoring Clipped attach (17) of the tested parts of body (22) and anchor pole (16) composition are fixed.

6. mine support material mechanical performance integrated test facility according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the control The high 1100mm of device, long 1500mm, wide 600mm processed, including host (25), hydraulic oil source (26) and control cabinet (27), control cabinet (27) inside is placed with host (25) and hydraulic oil source (26), and host (25) and hydraulic oil source (26) are through conducting wire and display (24) it is connected.