CN114318326A - Laser cladding device with gas protection, system and method thereof - Google Patents
Laser cladding device with gas protection, system and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114318326A CN114318326A CN202111233760.3A CN202111233760A CN114318326A CN 114318326 A CN114318326 A CN 114318326A CN 202111233760 A CN202111233760 A CN 202111233760A CN 114318326 A CN114318326 A CN 114318326A
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- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 173
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 88
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 197
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 40
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 9
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser cladding device with gas protection, a system and a method thereof. The laser cladding system is provided with the gas-shielded laser cladding device, and when the system carries out a laser cladding method, the first protective gas channel, the second protective gas channel and/or the third gas protective channel can be opened in a targeted manner according to the specific conditions of a cladding layer molten pool and a heat affected zone. The invention can directly introduce the protective gas into the surface of the cladding layer to prevent the cladding layer from generating oxidation to influence the performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser cladding, and particularly relates to a laser cladding device.
Background
Laser cladding (also known as laser cladding or laser cladding) is a new surface modification technique. The method is characterized in that a cladding material is added on the surface of a base material, and the cladding material and a thin layer on the surface of the base material are fused together by utilizing a laser beam with high energy density, so that a metallurgically bonded cladding layer is formed on the surface of a base layer.
The laser cladding characteristic is as follows: the cladding layer has low dilution degree but strong binding force, is metallurgically bonded with the substrate, and can obviously improve the wear-resisting, corrosion-resisting, heat-resisting, oxidation-resisting or electrical characteristics of the surface of the substrate material, thereby achieving the purpose of surface modification or repair, meeting the specific performance requirements of the surface of the material and saving a large amount of material cost. Compared with traditional surface treatment technologies such as surfacing, thermal spraying, electroplating and the like, the method has the advantages of wide applicable material system, controllable dilution rate of the cladding layer, metallurgical bonding of the cladding layer and the substrate, small thermal deformation of the substrate, easy realization of automation of the process and the like.
From the current application of laser cladding, it is mainly applied to three aspects: 1. the surface of the material is modified, such as gas turbine blades, rollers, gears and the like. 2. Repairing the surface of the product, such as a rotor, a mold and the like. 3. And laser additive manufacturing, namely performing layer-by-layer laser cladding in a synchronous powder feeding or wire feeding mode to further obtain the part with the three-dimensional structure. Since the 80 s in the 20 th century, the laser cladding technology has gained wide attention at home and abroad and has been applied in various industrial fields
Laser cladding can be roughly divided into two main categories, namely preset laser cladding and synchronous laser cladding, according to the supply mode of cladding materials. The related cladding materials mainly comprise titanium alloy, copper alloy, particle type metal matrix composite materials and the like. In order to prevent the alloy material from being oxidized during laser cladding (the titanium alloy cladding material starts to melt at 400 ℃), which leads to the reduction of mechanical properties, inert gas needs to be provided for protection during the cladding process. The following is a brief introduction of the related art scheme:
the invention patent with patent application number 02123645.3 and publication number CN1390649A discloses a vertical plane powder feeding laser cladding nozzle. The nozzle consists of an upper body, a middle body and a lower body, and adopts a two-way symmetrical powder feeding structure to ensure the uniformity of powder feeding in all directions of a vertical plane; meanwhile, a double-path protective gas structure is adopted, so that good inert gas protection of a laser cladding molten pool is ensured. The inventor analyzes through research: (A) the patent only explains that the protective gas passes through a cavity through which a middle laser beam optical path passes, and the protection of the surface of a lateral powder feeding laser cladding layer is realized by increasing the gas circulation, but the protective gas can not be effectively conveyed to completely cover an oxidation temperature area, so that the oxidation defect of the cladding layer is prevented; (B) the outlet of the protective gas channel seriously interferes the powder channel conveyed to the molten pool, and the protective gas channel and the powder feeding channel are not coaxially arranged, so that the powder cannot be ensured to completely enter the molten pool formed by laser beam irradiation, the utilization rate of the powder is influenced, the environment pollution is caused, and even a high-quality cladding layer cannot be formed; (C) the protective gas channel and the light path system channel are completely the same channel, and due to the influence of the lens mounting structure, the smoothness of the gas channel cannot be guaranteed, the smooth circulation of gas is influenced, and the gas protection effect is influenced.
Second, patent application No. 202010440034.8, publication No. CN111545914A disclose a method for preparing titanium alloy based on laser processing nozzle with optical internal powder feeding for additive manufacturing. The method ensures that Lt is less than or equal to Lq in the material increase process by means of closed-loop control, namely, the protective gas can fully ensure that a high-temperature area of a formed piece in the material increase process is covered, the phenomenon that the local temperature is too high and uncontrollable due to heat accumulation in the material increase process is avoided, and the uniformity and the stable performance of the components of the final titanium alloy are ensured. The inventor analyzes through research: (A) in the patent, the outer protective gas channel and the annular light path channel are the same channel, and protective gas can scatter and lose a laser light path, and meanwhile, the occupied space of the laser light path is large, so that the gas channel is correspondingly large, the gas leaving an outlet is ensured to have certain flow, the gas consumption is increased invisibly, and the use cost of equipment is high; (B) although the protective gas channel and the powder feeding channel are coaxially arranged, the outer protective gas channel needs a large enough flow, so that the gas in the oxidation area can be fully covered, the middle channel is the powder channel, the powder is corrected by the collimation channel, the powder is not a rigid part and is easy to disperse, and the influence of the air volume of the outer protective gas channel is easily caused, so that the powder motion in the powder conveying process is discontinuous, or the powder cannot be coupled with the light spot in a high-precision mode, and the quality of a formed part is influenced.
The invention patent with the patent application number of 202011441589.0 and the publication number of CN112553620A discloses a gas protection cover device for a laser cladding coaxial powder feeding gun, which comprises a protection cover shell, a protection cover inner core and a porous copper strip, wherein the protection cover shell is sleeved on the outer side of the protection cover inner core, and the porous copper strip is arranged at the lower end of the protection cover shell; a first cavity chamber is formed by the inner side surface of the protective cover shell, the outer side surface of the protective cover inner core and the upper surface of the porous copper plate strip; one end of the first cavity chamber is communicated with the outer side face of the protective cover shell through a first through hole, and the other end of the first cavity chamber is communicated with the lower surface of the porous copper plate strip through the porous copper plate strip; the porous copper strip is configured to slow the flow rate of a gas stream penetrating the porous copper strip. By implementing the method, the solidified cladding layer can be protected from being oxidized, the airflow of the protective gas layer can be optimized, the oxygen brought by the gas turbulence is reduced, and the coating is prevented from being oxidized. The inventor analyzes through research: (A) in the patent, the protective gas channel is not coaxial with the powder and the light spots, and when scanning is carried out in different directions, the protective gas cannot completely cover the oxidation area of the cladding layer; (B) the porous copper plate strips in the scheme can not ensure the uniformity of gas in the oxidation area of the cladding layer and the oxidation area of the base material, and the poor protective oxidation effect is easily caused.
Fourthly, the utility model patent with the patent application number of 200820232093.0 and the publication number of CN201329320Y discloses a coaxial powder feeding nozzle with water cooling and guiding gas protection. The utility model provides a coaxial powder feeding nozzle with water cooling and guiding gas protection, which can improve the collection rate and keep the stability of the cladding process. The inventor analyzes through research: (A) in the patent, the protection gas channel is only a single channel, which cannot meet the effective coverage area of the oxidation area, and the problem is more prominent particularly in a three-dimensional forming part; (B) the protective gas channel and the powder feeding channel can form intersection in a certain region in the air, and the position accuracy of powder convergence and light spot convergence changes due to the non-rigid powder piece, so that accurate coupling of light and powder cannot be guaranteed, and a high-accuracy and high-quality cladding layer cannot be formed.
Fifth, patent application No. 201010520482.5, publication No. CN102453906A discloses a multifunctional gas-shielded atmosphere box for laser cladding forming. The box body mainly comprises a protection cavity and a powder collection cavity. The inventor thinks that the box type protective gas device occupies a large space in use, the size of a manufactured part is limited by the box type size, the operation is complicated, the laser cladding accumulation forming efficiency is influenced, an oversize workpiece cannot be manufactured, and the use convenience is low.
Sixthly, the invention patent with the patent number of 201210315705.3 and the publication number of CN102851665A discloses a spray head for laser cladding, which is provided with a central channel which is arranged in the center of the spray head and vertically penetrates through the spray head, the bottom of the central channel is funnel-shaped, a plurality of powder channels with one end connected with a powder adding device and the other end penetrating through the bottom surface of the spray head and a plurality of gas channels with one end connected with a protective gas adding device and the other end penetrating through the bottom surface of the spray head are arranged between the wall of the central channel and the outer wall of the spray head, the powder channels and the gas channels are both spiral and are arranged at intervals and evenly distributed around the central axis of the central channel. According to the spray head for laser cladding, the original linear powder channel and the original gas channel are designed into a spiral shape, so that the distance between the minimum convergence point of a powder flow field formed by converging powder flow and gas flow and the bottom end of the spray head is shortened, and the density uniformity of alloy powder in the powder flow field is improved by more than 30% compared with that of the spray head of the previous generation. The inventor thinks that gas and powder are respectively conveyed through two channels in the patent, and light, powder and gas are converged on the surface of a base material, but protective gas does not uniformly envelop the powder, so that light spots, gas and powder deviate in spatial positions at different defocusing amounts and different scanning directions, the powder cannot be fully melted, and an oxidation area is fully protected.
Seventhly, patent No. 201710515453.1 and publication No. CN107130240A disclose a laser cladding nozzle, a laser cladding device and a laser cladding method. This laser cladding nozzle includes the nozzle overcoat, nozzle core and safety cover, nozzle overcoat in the nozzle core, the safety cover overcoat in the nozzle overcoat, be provided with the powder feeding passageway between nozzle overcoat and the nozzle core, the safety cover includes the inlayer, intermediate level and skin, the inlayer, intermediate level and skin distribute from inside to outside in proper order, form first cavity between inlayer and the intermediate level, form the second cavity between intermediate level and the skin, be provided with first inlet and the first liquid outlet with second cavity intercommunication on the skin, still be provided with the first air inlet with first cavity intercommunication on the skin, be provided with the first gas outlet with first cavity intercommunication on the inlayer. The laser cladding nozzle, the laser cladding device and the laser cladding method provided by the invention have inert gas protection and self-cooling functions, can better meet the requirements of a laser cladding process, and improve the laser cladding quality. The inventor thinks that the technical scheme is similar to a box type protective gas device, the use and the occupation space are large, the size of a manufactured part is limited by the box type size, the operation is complicated, the laser cladding accumulation forming efficiency is influenced, an oversize workpiece cannot be manufactured, and the use convenience is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a laser cladding device with gas protection, which can directly introduce protective gas into the surface of a cladding layer and prevent the cladding layer from being oxidized to influence the performance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a laser cladding device with gas protection comprises a multi-beam laser generating device consisting of a support, a support outer cover and an optical assembly, wherein a guide pillar is fixedly connected below the multi-beam laser generating device, the guide pillar is connected with a support frame, the support frame is connected with a cladding nozzle, a gas guide sleeve is sleeved outside the cladding nozzle, a first protective gas cavity is formed between a nozzle body part of the cladding nozzle and the sleeve wall of the gas guide sleeve, the nozzle body end part of the cladding nozzle is positioned in the gas guide sleeve, and a gap is reserved between the nozzle body end part and the sleeve body end part of the gas guide sleeve; a support air passage is formed in the support, a first air nozzle is connected to the outer end of the support air passage, a guide pillar air passage is formed in the guide pillar, a support frame air hole is formed in the support frame, a cladding nozzle air hole is formed in the cladding nozzle, and the first air nozzle, the support air passage, the guide pillar air passage, the support frame air hole and the cladding nozzle air hole are sequentially communicated and communicated with the first protective gas cavity; a first air hood is fixed on the support frame, a light beam cavity is formed between the first air hood and the support frame, the air guide sleeve is positioned in the light beam cavity, and a first through hole is formed in the bottom of the first air hood; first gas cover overcoat is equipped with the second gas cover, the second gas cover with form the second protective gas cavity between the first gas cover, round second air cock has been arranged on the outer lane panel of first gas cover, the second air cock intercommunication the second protective gas cavity, the bottom of second gas cover is the second through-hole.
Further, second gas cover overcoat is equipped with third gas cover, third gas cover with form third protective gas cavity between the second gas cover, the round third air cock has been arranged on second gas cover outer lane panel, third air cock intercommunication third protective gas cavity, the bottom of third gas cover is the third through-hole.
Furthermore, a guide pillar cladding material channel is formed in the guide pillar, an outlet of the guide pillar cladding material channel is located on a central axis of the guide pillar, a support frame cladding material channel is formed in the support frame, the support frame cladding material channel is located in the center of the support frame, a cladding nozzle cladding material channel is formed in the cladding nozzle, the cladding nozzle cladding material channel is located on the central axis of the cladding nozzle, and a gas guide sleeve cladding material through hole is formed in the end portion of the gas guide sleeve; the guide pillar cladding material channel, the support frame cladding material channel, the cladding nozzle cladding material channel and the gas guide sleeve cladding material through hole are communicated in sequence.
Furthermore, a cladding material leading-in hole is formed in the support outer cover, a cladding material through hole is formed in the support, and the cladding material leading-in hole, the cladding material through hole and the guide pillar cladding material channel are sequentially communicated.
Furthermore, the support frame is provided with a plurality of beam through holes, the plurality of beam through holes are circumferentially arranged to receive the plurality of beams projected by the plurality of beam laser generating devices, and the plurality of beams form spots to surround the lower part of the cladding nozzle.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a gas-shielded laser cladding system having a gas-shielded laser cladding apparatus.
The invention also discloses a laser cladding method realized based on the laser cladding system, which is characterized in that when single-channel cladding layer cladding is carried out, only the first protective gas channel is opened, and the formed gas protective area covers a cladding nozzle end and a cladding layer surface end where cladding materials flow out, so that the gas protective area covers a single-channel cladding layer molten pool and a heat affected zone. Under the condition that the first protective gas channel is kept open, when cladding of a plurality of cladding layers is carried out, the second protective gas channel needs to be opened because the effective area of the first protective gas channel for spraying gas is smaller. If the area of the cladding layer is large and the temperature field of the oxidation area is large, the third gas protection channel is opened when the first and second protection gas channels can not be completely covered.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the main protective gas flows into a support air passage inside the support from a first gas nozzle, then flows into a guide post air passage inside the guide post, then flows through a cladding nozzle air hole through a support frame air hole inside the support frame, then flows into a first protective gas cavity formed by cladding the cladding nozzle and a gas guide sleeve in an enveloping way, and finally is output to a molten pool through an output port at the bottom of the gas nozzle of the gas guide sleeve, so that the advantages are achieved: this gas channel not only can directly introduce cladding layer surface with protective gas, prevents that the cladding layer from producing oxidation influence performance, can solve cladding material oxidation moreover, reduces cladding material surface temperature through protective gas, prevents that cladding material from melting and producing the molten droplet form, leads to the problem that the nozzle is blocked up (because under molten bath heat radiation and the heat-conducting effect, cladding material not only can be easily oxidized, but also can be because the heat is too high, produce the molten droplet form, plug up cladding nozzle oral area easily, lead to sending a function loss).
2. Second shielding gas channel (second shielding gas cavity): when a plurality of cladding layers are clad, the effective area of the spraying of the first protective gas cavity is smaller, and at the moment, the second protective gas channel can be opened to carry out effective protection.
3. Third shielding gas channel (third shielding gas cavity): if the area of the cladding layer is large, the temperature field of the oxidation area is large, the second protective gas channel cannot be completely covered, and at the moment, effective protection can be carried out by opening the third channel gas protective channel.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a laser cladding apparatus with gas shield according to the present invention, wherein fig. a and b are views from two viewing angles, respectively.
Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the laser cladding apparatus with gas shield of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view of a laser cladding apparatus with gas shield of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an assembly view of a portion of the mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an exploded view of a portion of the structure of fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a top view of the components of fig. 4.
Fig. 7 is a schematic system architecture diagram of the laser cladding system of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a logic diagram of the laser cladding method of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the relationship between the gas shield region and the oxidation region in the laser cladding method of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the laser cladding method of the present invention; wherein, the diagram a, the diagram b and the diagram c are schematic diagrams under different working states.
Fig. 11 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the laser cladding method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention; the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, and furthermore, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1 to 6, a laser cladding apparatus with gas shielding includes a multi-beam laser generating apparatus 4 composed of a support 1, a support housing 2 and an optical assembly 3, a guide pillar 5 is fixedly connected below the multi-beam laser generating apparatus 4, the guide pillar 5 is connected with a support frame 6, and the support frame 6 is connected with a cladding nozzle 7; the cladding nozzle 7 is externally sleeved with an air guide sleeve 8, a first protective gas cavity 78 is formed between the nozzle body part of the cladding nozzle 7 and the sleeve wall of the air guide sleeve 8, the nozzle body end part of the cladding nozzle 7 is positioned in the air guide sleeve 8, and a distance is reserved between the nozzle body end part and the sleeve body end part of the air guide sleeve 8; a support air passage 101 is formed in the support 1, the outer end of the support air passage 101 is connected with a first air nozzle 102, a guide pillar air passage 501 is formed in the guide pillar 5, a support frame air hole 601 is formed in the support frame 6, a cladding nozzle air hole 701 is formed in the cladding nozzle 7, and the first air nozzle 102, the support air passage 101, the guide pillar air passage 501, the support frame air hole 601 and the cladding nozzle air hole 701 are sequentially communicated and communicated with the first protective gas cavity 78; a first air hood 9 is fixed on the support frame 6, a light beam cavity 69 is formed between the first air hood 9 and the support frame 6, the air guide sleeve 8 is located in the light beam cavity 69, and a first through hole 902 is formed in the bottom of the first air hood 9;
a second gas hood 10 is sleeved outside the first gas hood 9, a second protective gas cavity 910 is formed between the second gas hood 10 and the first gas hood 9, a circle of second gas nozzles 901 is arranged on an outer ring panel of the first gas hood 9, the second gas nozzles 901 are communicated with the second protective gas cavity 910, and a second through hole 1002 is formed in the bottom of the second gas hood 10.
Further, second gas hood 10 overcoat is equipped with third gas hood 11, third gas hood 11 with form third protective gas cavity 1011 between the second gas hood, round third air cock 1001 has been arranged on the panel of second gas hood 10 outer lane, third air cock 1001 intercommunication third protective gas cavity 1011, the bottom of third gas hood 11 is third through-hole 1101.
Further, a guide pillar cladding material channel 502 is formed on the guide pillar 5, an outlet of the guide pillar cladding material channel 502 is located on a central axis of the guide pillar 5, a support frame cladding material channel 602 is formed on the support frame 6, the support frame cladding material channel 602 is located at the central position of the support frame 6, a cladding nozzle cladding material channel 702 is formed on the cladding nozzle 7, the cladding nozzle cladding material channel 702 is located on the central axis of the cladding nozzle 7, and an end of the gas guide sleeve 8 is provided with a gas guide sleeve cladding material through hole 801; the guide pillar cladding material channel 502, the support frame cladding material channel 602, the cladding nozzle cladding material channel 702 and the air guide sleeve cladding material through hole 801 are sequentially communicated.
Further, a cladding material leading-in hole 201 is formed in the support outer cover 2, a cladding material through hole 103 is formed in the support 1, and the cladding material leading-in hole 201, the cladding material through hole 103 and the guide pillar cladding material channel 502 are sequentially communicated.
Further, the support frame 6 is provided with a multi-beam through hole 603, the multi-beam through hole 603 is circumferentially arranged to receive the multi-beam 30 projected by the multi-beam laser generating device 4, and the multi-beam 30 forms a light spot to surround below the cladding nozzle 7.
Example 2:
referring to fig. 7, a laser cladding system with gas shield includes a laser for generating a laser beam, a feeder for supplying a cladding material, and a robot for moving a laser cladding apparatus, and further includes the laser cladding apparatus with gas shield according to embodiment 1;
a gas shielded area collector 400 for collecting a shielding gas effective area;
a thermal imager 500 for identifying temperature regions on a substrate or part;
first, second and third flow sensors 600, 700, 800 for acquiring flow data of said first, second and third shielding gas cavities 78, 901, 1011, respectively;
the gas generating device is used for providing shielding gas, and the gas generating device is respectively connected with the first shielding gas cavity 78 through the first gas nozzle 102 to form a first gas shielding passage, connected with the second shielding gas cavity 910 through the second gas nozzle 901 to form a second gas shielding passage, and connected with the third shielding gas cavity 1011 through the third gas nozzle 1001 to form a third gas shielding passage.
After the incident laser 20 generates the multiple beams 30 by the multiple-beam laser generating device 4, the multiple-beam through hole 603 passes through the beam cavity 69 to finally form a spot and surround the lower part of the cladding nozzle 7 to form a cladding area 80; the cladding material is conveyed to the cladding area 80 along the cladding material guide hole 201, the cladding material through hole 103, the guide pillar cladding material channel 502, the support frame cladding material channel 602 and the cladding nozzle cladding material channel 801; the protective gas enters the first, second and third protective gas cavities 78, 910 and 1011 from the first, second and third gas nozzles 102,901,1001 respectively, and then is ejected from the first, second and third through holes 902, 1002 and 1101 respectively to cover the cladding area 80, the heat affected zone 100 and the like, so as to prevent the oxidation of the cladding layer or parts and play a role of protection.
Example 3:
referring to fig. 8 and 9, a laser cladding method using the laser cladding system of embodiment 2 includes the following processes:
1) adjusting the laser cladding device with gas protection to enable cladding materials to be vertical to the surface of the base material 70 or the part 13;
2) opening a laser, a feeder and a gas generating device, and controlling the laser cladding device to move according to a set track through a robot;
3) aligning the observation area of the thermal imager 500 to the cladding area 80 and the heat affected area 100, and collecting the size L1 × L2 of the oxidized area S1;
4) aligning the viewing area of the gas shielded area collector 400 with the substrate 70 or the part 13 and collecting the dimension D of the gas shielded area S2;
5) comparing whether the size D of the gas shielded area S2 is larger than the size L1X L2 of the oxidation area S1;
6) if the size D of the gas shielded area S2 is smaller than the size L1X L2 of the oxidation area S1, adjusting the flow of the shielding gas through adjusting the first, second and third flow sensors 600, 700, 800, and returning to the step 5;
7) if the dimension D of the gas shield area S2 is greater than the dimension L1 x L2 of the oxidation area S1, the evolving surface is clad or the shaped article is stacked.
Preferably, when the single-pass cladding layer cladding is implemented, only the first protective gas channel is opened, and the formed gas protection area covers the cladding nozzle end and the cladding layer surface end where the cladding material flows out, so that the gas protection area covers the single-pass cladding layer molten pool and the heat affected zone.
Preferably, under the condition that the first protective gas channel is kept open, when cladding of a multi-channel cladding layer is carried out, the second protective gas channel needs to be opened because the effective area of the first protective gas channel for spraying gas is smaller.
Preferably, if the area of the cladding layer is larger, the temperature field of the oxidation area is larger, and the third gas protection channel is opened when the first protection gas channel and the second protection gas channel can not be completely covered.
Two cladding types of this example:
1. see fig. 10 for a
As shown in fig. 10(a), the first shielding gas passage (first shielding gas cavity):
A. forming a gas protection area 200 for covering the end of the cladding material flowing out of the cladding nozzle and the end of the surface of the molten pool;
B. the gas shield area 200 is formed to cover the single-pass cladding layer 80 and the heat affected zone 100 (material oxidation temperature zone).
As shown in fig. 10(b), the second shielding gas channel (second shielding gas cavity):
A. the first protective gas is kept open;
B. when a plurality of cladding layers 80 are clad, because the effective area of the first protective gas is small, a second protective gas channel needs to be opened, and a gas protection area 200 is formed by the first protective gas channel and the second protective gas channel at the same time;
C. similarly, if the area of the cladding layer is large, the temperature field of the oxidation region is large, and the second shielding gas channel cannot completely cover, the third channel gas shielding channel (third shielding gas cavity) needs to be opened, and the first shielding gas channel, the second shielding gas channel, and the third shielding gas channel simultaneously form the gas shielding region 200, as shown in fig. 10 (c).
2. Referring to fig. 11, a piece 13 of straight wall construction is clad on a substrate 70.
First shielding gas channel (first shielding gas cavity): the cladding material and the top of the straight wall of the part 13 are mainly protected from oxidation;
second shielding gas channel (second shielding gas cavity): partially overlapping the gas shield area 200 of the first shield gas, with a portion of the gas also covering the top of the straight wall of the part 13 and a portion of the gas covering both sides of the straight wall of the part 13;
third channel gas shield channel (third shield gas cavity): and the shielding gas area 200 of the second shielding gas channel is partially overlapped, and the third shielding gas channel can be started mainly when the second shielding gas channel can not meet the full coverage of the part 13 and the oxidation area such as the heat affected zone 100.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A laser cladding device with gas protection comprises a multi-beam laser generating device (4) composed of a support (1), a support outer cover (2) and an optical assembly (3), wherein a guide pillar (5) is fixedly connected below the multi-beam laser generating device (4), the guide pillar (5) is connected with a support frame (6), the support frame (6) is connected with a cladding nozzle (7), and the laser cladding device is characterized in that:
the cladding nozzle (7) is externally sleeved with an air guide sleeve (8), a first protective gas cavity (78) is formed between the nozzle body part of the cladding nozzle (7) and the sleeve wall of the air guide sleeve (8), the nozzle body end part of the cladding nozzle (7) is positioned in the air guide sleeve (8), and a distance is reserved between the nozzle body end part and the sleeve body end part of the air guide sleeve (8);
a support air flue (101) is formed in the support (1), the outer end of the support air flue (101) is connected with a first air nozzle (102), a guide pillar air flue (501) is formed in the guide pillar (5), a support frame air hole (601) is formed in the support frame (6), a cladding nozzle air hole (701) is formed in the cladding nozzle (7), and the first air nozzle (102), the support air flue (101), the guide pillar air flue (501), the support frame air hole (601) and the cladding nozzle air hole (701) are sequentially communicated and communicated with the first protective gas cavity (78);
a first air hood (9) is fixed on the support frame (6), a light beam cavity (69) is formed between the first air hood (9) and the support frame (6), the air guide sleeve (8) is positioned in the light beam cavity (69), and a first through hole (902) is formed in the bottom of the first air hood (9);
first gas cover (9) overcoat is equipped with second gas cover (10), second gas cover (10) with form second protective gas cavity (910) between first gas cover (9), round second air cock (901) has been arranged on the outer lane panel of first gas cover (9), second air cock (901) intercommunication second protective gas cavity (910), the bottom of second gas cover (10) is second through-hole (1002).
2. The laser cladding apparatus with gas shield of claim 1, wherein: second gas hood (10) overcoat is equipped with third gas hood (11), third gas hood (11) with form third protective gas cavity (1011) between the second gas hood, round third air cock (1001) has been arranged on second gas hood (10) outer lane panel, third air cock (1001) intercommunication third protective gas cavity (1011), the bottom of third gas hood (11) is third through-hole (1101).
3. The gas-shielded laser cladding apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: a guide pillar cladding material channel (502) is formed in the guide pillar (5), an outlet of the guide pillar cladding material channel (502) is located on a central axis of the guide pillar (5), a support frame cladding material channel (602) is formed in the support frame (6), the support frame cladding material channel (602) is located in the center of the support frame (6), a cladding nozzle cladding material channel (702) is formed in the cladding nozzle (7), the cladding nozzle cladding material channel (702) is located on the central axis of the cladding nozzle (7), and an air guide sleeve cladding material through hole (801) is formed in the end portion of the air guide sleeve (8); the guide pillar cladding material channel (502), the support frame cladding material channel (602), the cladding nozzle cladding material channel (702) and the air guide sleeve cladding material through hole (801) are sequentially communicated.
4. The gas-shielded laser cladding apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the support is characterized in that a cladding material leading-in hole (201) is formed in the support outer cover (2), a cladding material through hole (103) is formed in the support (1), and the cladding material leading-in hole (201), the cladding material through hole (103) and the guide pillar cladding material channel (502) are communicated in sequence.
5. The gas-shielded laser cladding apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: the support frame (6) is provided with a multi-beam through hole (603), the multi-beam through hole (603) is circumferentially arranged to receive a multi-beam (30) projected by the multi-beam laser generating device (4), and the multi-beam (30) forms a light spot and surrounds the lower part of the cladding nozzle (7).
6. A laser cladding system with gas shield comprising a laser for generating a laser beam, a feeder for providing cladding material and a robot for moving a laser cladding apparatus, characterized by further comprising:
the laser cladding apparatus with gas shielding of claim 5;
a gas shield area collector (400) for collecting a shield gas effective area;
a thermal imager (500) for identifying temperature regions on a substrate or part;
first, second and third flow sensors (600, 700, 800) for acquiring flow data of the first, second and third shielding gas cavities (78, 901, 1011), respectively;
the gas generating device is used for providing protective gas and is respectively connected with the first protective gas cavity (78) through the first gas nozzle (102) to form a first gas protective channel, the second protective gas cavity (910) is connected with the second gas nozzle (901) to form a second gas protective channel, and the third protective gas cavity (1011) is connected with the third gas nozzle (1001) to form a third gas protective channel.
7. A laser cladding method, characterized in that the laser cladding system of claim 6 is adopted, and the method comprises the following processes:
adjusting the laser cladding device with gas protection to enable cladding materials to be vertical to the surface of the base material (70) or the part (13);
opening a laser, a feeder and a gas generating device, and controlling the laser cladding device to move according to a set track through a robot;
aligning an observation area of a thermal imaging camera (500) with a cladding area (80) and a heat affected area (100), and collecting the size (L1 × L2) of an oxidized area (S1);
aligning the observation area of the gas shielded area acquiring instrument (400) with the substrate (70) or the part (13), and acquiring the size (D) of the gas shielded area (S2);
comparing whether the size (D) of the gas shield area (S2) is greater than the size (L1 x L2) of the oxidation area (S1);
if the size (D) of the gas protection area (S2) is smaller than the size (L1L 2) of the oxidation area (S1), adjusting the flow of the protection gas in each path by adjusting the first, second and third flow sensors (600, 700, 800), and returning to the step 5;
if the size (D) of the gas shielded region (S2) is greater than the size (L1L 2) of the oxidized region (S1), then the evolving surface is clad or the shaped article is stacked.
8. Laser cladding method according to claim 7, characterized in that: when single-pass cladding layer cladding is implemented, only the first protective gas channel is opened, and the formed gas protection area covers the cladding nozzle end and the cladding layer surface end where cladding materials flow out, so that the gas protection area covers a single-pass cladding layer molten pool and a heat affected zone.
9. Laser cladding method according to claim 8, characterized in that: under the condition that the first protective gas channel is kept open, when cladding of a plurality of cladding layers is carried out, the second protective gas channel needs to be opened because the effective area of the first protective gas channel for spraying gas is smaller.
10. Laser cladding method according to claim 9, characterized in that: if the area of the cladding layer is large and the temperature field of the oxidation area is large, the third gas protection channel is opened when the first and second protection gas channels can not be completely covered.
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