CN114311654B - Metamaterial wave-absorbing structure based on 3D printing process and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Metamaterial wave-absorbing structure based on 3D printing process and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a metamaterial wave-absorbing structure based on a 3D printing process and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the field of wave-absorbing composite materials; the preparation method of the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure based on the 3D printing process comprises the following steps: after dissolving the polyether-ether-ketone resin in the carbonyl iron solvent, obtaining the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure through 3D printing. The technical problem that the wave absorbing performance of a metamaterial wave absorbing structure manufactured by the prior art is unstable is solved. The application also discloses a metamaterial wave-absorbing structure prepared by the method and application thereof.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of wave-absorbing composite materials, in particular to a metamaterial wave-absorbing structure based on a 3D printing process and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The electromagnetic stealth function is one of important indexes for measuring the performance of a new-generation airplane, the most used stealth functional parts in the current airplane are wave-absorbing composite materials which are generally prepared by adopting a mode of aramid honeycomb core materials and impregnating an electromagnetic absorbent coating, and the stealth performance of the wave-absorbing composite materials is regulated and controlled by means of adjusting the size of the pore diameter of the honeycomb, the structure height, the parameters and the thickness of the electromagnetic absorbent coating and the like.
But is limited by the existing wave-absorbing composite material manufacturing technology, and the conditions of uneven impregnation, easy falling of an absorbent coating and the like exist in the preparation process, so that the wave-absorbing performance of the wave-absorbing composite material is easy to be unstable.
Disclosure of Invention
The application mainly aims to provide a metamaterial wave-absorbing structure based on a 3D printing process and a preparation method and application thereof, and aims to solve the technical problem that the wave-absorbing performance of the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure manufactured in the prior art is unstable.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a preparation method of a metamaterial wave-absorbing structure based on a 3D printing process, which comprises the following steps:
after dissolving the polyether-ether-ketone resin in the carbonyl iron solvent, obtaining the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure through 3D printing.
As some optional embodiments of the present application, the 3D printing step includes:
mixing polyether-ether-ketone resin and a carbonyl iron solvent, drying and extruding to obtain a 3D printing composite wire material;
and carrying out fused deposition molding on the 3D printing composite wire to obtain the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure.
As some optional embodiments of the present application, the drying condition parameters are:
the drying temperature is 75-85 ℃, and the drying time is 11-13 h.
In addition, in order to achieve the purpose, the application further provides a metamaterial wave-absorbing structure based on the 3D printing process, and the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure is prepared through the method.
As some optional embodiments of the present application, the unit cells in the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure include:
a large flat plate layer;
and a pyramid array above the large flat layer;
the thickness of the large flat plate layer is 2mm, and the thickness of the pyramid array is 18 mm.
As some alternative embodiments of the present application, the large flat sheet layer comprises 2 layers, each layer being 1mm thick and 30mm on a side.
As some alternative embodiments of the present application, the pyramid array comprises 18 layers, each 1mm thick.
As some optional embodiments of the present application, the pyramid array includes:
the horizontal section of the central pyramid is a square;
the first pyramid is divided into four parts, and the first side length of the first pyramid is the same as the side length of the central pyramid;
and the four corners of the pyramid array further comprise a second pyramid, the horizontal section of the second pyramid is a square, and the side length of the second pyramid is equal to the second side length of the first pyramid.
As some optional embodiments of the present application, a side length of a bottom layer of the central pyramid is 15mm, and the side length decreases progressively from bottom to top by 0.8mm layer by layer.
As some optional embodiments of the present application, the first side of the bottom layer of the first pyramid is 15mm long, and the second side is 5mm long;
the length of the first edge is gradually decreased by 0.4mm from bottom to top layer by layer, and the length of the second edge is gradually decreased by 0.1mm from bottom to top layer by layer.
As some optional embodiments of the present application, a side length of a bottom layer of the second pyramid is 5mm, and the side length decreases gradually from bottom to top by 0.2mm layer by layer.
In addition, in order to achieve the purpose, the application of the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure based on the 3D printing process is further provided, and the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure is used for preparing airplane parts.
Because this application metamaterial wave-absorbing structure is before carrying out 3D printing, dissolves polyether ether ketone resin in carbonyl iron solvent as 3D and prints compound silk material, makes 3D prints compound silk material and has combined that the complex permeability imaginary part that carbonyl iron solvent itself had is high, the magnetic loss angle is big, wave-absorbing capacity is strong and frequency bandwidth etc. and show the advantage to the wave-absorbing performance of metamaterial wave-absorbing structure after the 3D printing shaping has been improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments or technical solutions of the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic elevation structure diagram of unit cells in a metamaterial wave-absorbing structure according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an axial structure of unit cells in a metamaterial wave-absorbing structure according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top-view structure diagram of unit cells in a metamaterial wave-absorbing structure according to an embodiment of the application;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a metamaterial wave-absorbing structure according to an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 5 is an electromagnetic wave absorption performance curve diagram of a metamaterial wave absorption structure according to the embodiment of the application;
wherein, 1 is a large flat plate layer, 2 is a pyramid array, 2-1 is a central pyramid, 2-2 is a first pyramid, and 2-3 is a second pyramid.
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the object of the present application will be further explained with reference to the embodiments, and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
The electromagnetic stealth function is one of important indexes for measuring the performance of a new-generation airplane, the most used stealth functional parts in the current airplane are metamaterial wave-absorbing structures which are generally prepared by adopting a mode of aramid honeycomb core materials and impregnating electromagnetic absorbent coatings, and the stealth performance of the metamaterial wave-absorbing structures is regulated and controlled by means of regulating the size of the honeycomb aperture, the structure height, the parameters and the thickness of the electromagnetic absorbent coatings and the like.
But the manufacturing technology of the existing metamaterial wave-absorbing structure is limited, and the situations of uneven impregnation, easy falling of an absorbent coating and the like exist in the preparation process, so that the wave-absorbing performance of the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure is easy to be unstable.
Based on the above, the application provides a preparation method of a metamaterial wave-absorbing structure based on a 3D printing process, which comprises the following steps:
and dissolving the polyether-ether-ketone resin in a carbonyl iron solvent, and then obtaining the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure through 3D printing.
Compared with the prior art, the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure is obtained by dissolving the polyether-ether-ketone resin in the carbonyl iron solvent and printing the carbonyl iron solvent through 3D, so that the 3D printing material has an electromagnetic wave absorption function, and the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure with excellent electromagnetic stealth performance is obtained.
3D printing technology is gradually taking a mainstream market as a manufacturing technology with high flexibility. The 3D printing technology has the advantages of high material utilization rate, rich material system, easy forming of complex parts, low cost and the like, the 3D printing technology is a technology for manufacturing solid parts by a method of gradual accumulation of materials, and the process characteristics of gradual accumulation from bottom to top and layer to layer enable the technology to have obvious advantages in the aspect of forming of complex structures. As some optional embodiments of the present application, the 3D printing includes:
mixing polyether-ether-ketone resin and a carbonyl iron solvent, drying and extruding to obtain a 3D printing composite wire material;
and carrying out fused deposition molding on the 3D printing composite wire to obtain the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure.
In order to prevent the oxidation reaction of part of the carbonyl iron solvent caused by the overhigh temperature in the drying process, as some optional embodiments of the application, the drying condition parameters are as follows:
the drying temperature is 75-85 ℃, and the drying time is 11-13 h; for example, the drying temperature is 80 ℃ and the drying time is 12 h.
As some optional embodiments of the present application, the 3D printed composite filament has a diameter of 1.75 ± 0.1 mm; therefore, the 3D printing composite wire meets the requirement of printing precision in the subsequent printing process.
In addition, in order to achieve the purpose, the application further provides a metamaterial wave-absorbing structure based on the 3D printing process, and the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure is prepared by the method.
As some optional embodiments of the present application, as shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic front view structure diagram of a unit cell in a metamaterial wave-absorbing structure related to an embodiment of the present application, and it can be seen that a total thickness of the unit cell in the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure is 20mm, and the unit cell in the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure includes:
a large flat plate layer;
and a pyramid array above the large flat layer;
the thickness of the large flat plate layer is 2mm, and the thickness of the pyramid array is 18 mm.
It can be seen that, in the present application, the electromagnetic wave functional material is made into a unit cell having a large flat plate layer and a pyramid array above the large flat plate layer, so that the unit cell has a strong absorption characteristic for the electromagnetic wave of a specific frequency.
In order to meet the wave-absorbing requirements of different frequency bands, as some optional embodiments of the present application, the large flat plate layer includes 2 layers, each layer has a thickness of 1mm, and a side length of 30 mm. The pyramid array comprises 18 layers, each layer being 1mm thick.
According to the method, the large flat plate layer and a plurality of pyramids with different structures and performances are combined together according to the impedance matching rule to form the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure which has a broadband electromagnetic function and forms resonance with multi-band electromagnetic waves, and the method has great designability. As some optional embodiments of the present application, as shown in fig. 2 to fig. 3, fig. 2 is a schematic axial structure diagram of a unit cell in a metamaterial wave-absorbing structure according to an embodiment, and fig. 3 is a schematic plan structure diagram of a unit cell in a metamaterial wave-absorbing structure according to an embodiment of the present application; as can be seen, the pyramid array comprises:
the horizontal section of the central pyramid is a square;
the first pyramid is divided into four parts, and the first side length of the first pyramid is the same as the side length of the central pyramid;
and the four corners of the pyramid array further comprise a second pyramid, the horizontal section of the second pyramid is a square, and the side length of the second pyramid is equal to the second side length of the first pyramid.
In order to further improve the wave-absorbing performance of the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure, the structure optimization of the central pyramid, the first pyramid and the second pyramid in the pyramid array is further performed so as to realize strong absorption of electromagnetic waves, and thus the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure with better performance is obtained. As some optional embodiments of the present application, a side length of a bottom layer of the central pyramid is 15mm, and the side length decreases progressively from bottom to top by 0.8mm layer by layer.
In order to further improve the wave-absorbing performance of the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure, the structure optimization of the central pyramid, the first pyramid and the second pyramid in the pyramid array is further performed so as to realize strong absorption of electromagnetic waves, and thus the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure with better performance is obtained. As some optional embodiments of the present application, the first side of the bottom layer of the first pyramid is 15mm long, and the second side is 5mm long;
the length of the first edge is gradually decreased by 0.4mm from bottom to top layer by layer, and the length of the second edge is gradually decreased by 0.1mm from bottom to top layer by layer.
In order to further improve the wave-absorbing performance of the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure, the structure optimization of the central pyramid, the first pyramid and the second pyramid in the pyramid array is further performed so as to realize strong absorption of electromagnetic waves, and thus the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure with better performance is obtained. As some optional embodiments of the present application, a side length of a bottom layer of the second pyramid is 5mm, and the side length decreases progressively from bottom to top by 0.2 mm.
The structural size can be obtained by combining the measured basic composite complex dielectric constant and magnetic conductivity with computer electromagnetic simulation and optimization, and the optimal size can also be obtained by experimental analysis.
In addition, in order to achieve the purpose, the application further provides an application of the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure based on the 3D printing process, and the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure is used for preparing airplane parts, especially stealth functional parts of airplanes.
Examples
As shown in fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a metamaterial wave-absorbing structure according to this embodiment;
the unit cell in the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure comprises:
1) a large flat layer with a thickness of 2 mm; the large flat plate layer comprises 2 layers, the thickness of each layer is 1mm, and the side length is 30 mm.
2) And a pyramid array above the large flat plate layer, the thickness of the pyramid array being 18 mm; the pyramid array comprises 18 layers, and the thickness of each layer is 1 mm;
the pyramid array includes:
the horizontal section of the central pyramid is a square;
the first pyramid is divided into four parts, and the first side length of the first pyramid is the same as the side length of the central pyramid;
and the four corners of the pyramid array further comprise a second pyramid, the horizontal section of the second pyramid is square, and the side length of the second pyramid is equal to the second side length of the first pyramid.
The unit cell structure parameters of the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure are shown in table 1:
table 1:
the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure with the structure is used for measuring the reflection loss RL (a conductive aluminum alloy flat plate is arranged behind a material sample plate) of the wave-absorbing material structure in a microwave dark room by adopting a free space original factory reflectivity test method, and the result is shown in figure 5. As can be seen from the figure, the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure with the structure has three obvious absorption peaks which respectively appear at 22.8GHz, 30.2GHz and 36.8GHz, and the minimum reflection losses are RL = -49.2dB, RL = -62.5dB and RL = -63.6dB respectively. Wherein, in the 4GHz-40 GHz full frequency band, the reflection loss meets RL less than or equal to-15 dB, and the coverage rate of the effective wave-absorbing frequency band reaches 100%; in the frequency band of 5.23GHz-40GHz, the reflection loss meets the requirement that RL is less than or equal to-20 dB, and the coverage rate of the perfect wave-absorbing frequency band reaches 96.6%; in the frequency band of 6.52GHz-40GHz, the reflection loss meets the requirement that RL is less than or equal to-30 dB.
Therefore, the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure has the advantages of excellent wave-absorbing performance and ultra-wideband wave-absorbing performance, and the structure shown in fig. 4 is in a gradually-changed shape from top to bottom, so that the dielectric constant and the magnetic conductivity of the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure gradually change from top to bottom, and the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure can be effectively used for effectively taking the first place for electromagnetic waves of different frequency bands, so that the coverage rate of effective wave-absorbing frequency bands is improved.
In summary, the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure disclosed by the application comprises the polyether ether ketone resin, wherein the polyether ether ketone belongs to the high-performance thermoplastic resin, and compared with the traditional aviation polymer materials such as nylon, polyethylene and the like, the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure has various excellent characteristics of high temperature resistance, good fatigue resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, so that the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure disclosed by the application uses the polyether ether ketone as the matrix of the composite material, and can obtain excellent wave-absorbing performance and excellent mechanical performance, thereby improving the adaptability of the manufactured wave-absorbing functional structure to severe working environments. The metamaterial wave-absorbing structure further comprises carbonyl iron which is a typical magnetic loss type wave-absorbing agent, has the remarkable advantages of high complex permeability imaginary part, large magnetic loss angle, strong wave-absorbing capacity, wide frequency band and the like, is one of the most widely applied radar wave-absorbing agents at present, and has better wave-absorbing performance in a low-frequency band with poorer wave-absorbing performance. According to the application, the polyetheretherketone resin and the carbonyl iron are used as components for 3D printing, so that the printing material has strong mechanical property and wave-absorbing property, and the mechanical property and the wave-absorbing property of the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure after printing and forming are greatly improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and all the equivalent structures or equivalent processes that can be directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields by using the contents of the specification and the drawings of the present application are also included in the scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure based on the 3D printing process is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
mixing polyether-ether-ketone resin and a carbonyl iron solvent, drying and extruding to obtain a 3D printing composite wire material;
and carrying out fused deposition molding on the 3D printing composite wire to obtain the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure.
2. The preparation method of the 3D printing process-based metamaterial wave-absorbing structure according to claim 1, wherein the drying condition parameters are as follows:
the drying temperature is 75-85 ℃, and the drying time is 11-13 h.
3. A metamaterial wave-absorbing structure based on a 3D printing process, which is characterized by being prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-2;
the unit cell in the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure comprises:
a large flat sheet layer;
and a pyramid array above the large flat layer;
wherein the thickness of the large flat plate layer is 2mm, and the thickness of the pyramid array is 18 mm;
the pyramid array includes:
the horizontal section of the central pyramid is a square;
the first pyramid is divided into four parts, and the first side length of the first pyramid is the same as the side length of the central pyramid;
and the four corners of the pyramid array further comprise a second pyramid, the horizontal section of the second pyramid is square, and the side length of the second pyramid is equal to the second side length of the first pyramid.
4. The 3D printing process-based metamaterial wave-absorbing structure according to claim 3, wherein the large flat plate layer comprises 2 layers, each layer is 1mm thick, and the side length is 30 mm.
5. The 3D printing process-based metamaterial wave absorbing structure according to claim 3, wherein the pyramid array comprises 18 layers, each layer being 1mm thick.
6. The metamaterial wave-absorbing structure based on the 3D printing process of claim 3, wherein the side length of the bottom layer of the central pyramid is 15mm, and the side length gradually decreases by 0.8mm from bottom to top layer by layer.
7. The metamaterial wave-absorbing structure based on the 3D printing process of claim 3, wherein the first edge of the bottom layer of the first pyramid is 15mm long, and the second edge is 5mm long;
the length of the first edge is gradually decreased by 0.4mm from bottom to top layer by layer, and the length of the second edge is gradually decreased by 0.1mm from bottom to top layer by layer.
8. The metamaterial wave-absorbing structure based on the 3D printing process of claim 3, wherein the side length of the bottom layer of the second pyramid is 5mm, and the side length gradually decreases by 0.2mm from bottom to top layer by layer.
9. Use of a metamaterial wave absorbing structure based on a 3D printing process according to any one of claims 3 to 8 for the manufacture of aircraft parts.
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| CN115103587A (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2022-09-23 | 南京航空航天大学 | Flame-retardant wave-absorbing material and preparation method thereof |
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