CN114303667A - Moisturizing and cooling method for ginkgo twig grafting - Google Patents
Moisturizing and cooling method for ginkgo twig grafting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a moisturizing and cooling method for ginkgo twig grafting, which mainly comprises scion collection, low-temperature soaking treatment, wax sealing treatment, scion preservation and full-light intermittent spray management of grafted seedlings after grafting; the invention adopts a pretreatment means combining low-temperature soaking of the scion and the use of plant growth powder, the scion is in a semi-dormant state through the low-temperature soaking process, the physiological activity of the scion is reduced, in addition, the plant growth powder has volatility and hygroscopicity, the germination of scion branches can be inhibited, the surface of the scion is kept dry and comfortable, a water locking layer is formed on the surface of the scion, the water loss is reduced, the false survival phenomenon is avoided, the dormant period of woody plants is prolonged, the physiological process of the scion is regulated through the synergistic effect, in addition, a layer of water film is kept on the tender branch scion through full-light intermittent spraying, the humidity of the scion and the ambient air is effectively improved, the temperature of the scion and the ambient environment is reduced, and the scion germination rate and the grafting survival rate are further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of gingko twig grafting, and particularly relates to a moisturizing and cooling method for gingko twig grafting.
Background
Generally, the time from grafting to healing of the fruit tree is about half a month, and in the half month, the nutrition and the moisture supplied by the scion obtained from the rootstock are very little and almost completely maintained by the scion. The ginkgo twig grafting is carried out in the growing season (generally from the middle and last ten days of 5 months to the last 9 months), generally, the scions used for the twig grafting are not sealed by wax, but the scions used for the twig grafting from the middle and last ten days of 5 months to 6 months are easy to lose water due to low lignification degree, and in addition, the high temperature in summer from 7 months to 8 months is easy to cause the water loss of the scions, so that the survival rate of the twig grafting is often low. Because the twig has poor lignification degree and is easy to lose water, when grafting is carried out in production practice, the joint part and the scion are required to be bound tightly by a plastic strip or wet soil moisture retention and other protection measures are required, time and labor are wasted, and in addition, part of leaves or leaf stalks of the twig scion are sometimes reserved, which is more unfavorable for the binding of the scion. In view of the above, a method for preserving heat and reducing humidity is particularly needed to keep grafted tender branch scions from losing water so as to improve the grafting survival rate.
The wax-sealed scion is a method commonly applied to spring hard branch grafting of deciduous fruit trees and forest trees, a layer of uniform paraffin is formed on the surface of the scion by proper wax sealing, the water evaporation of the scion can be reduced by more than 90%, and therefore the purposes of labor saving, material saving and high survival rate are achieved, but the technology for wax sealing the scion grafted by the tender branch is not reported;
in the production practice, the full-exposure spraying technology is widely used for the production of twig cutting seedling raising, and the technology can create a high-humidity and moderate-temperature rooting environment suitable for the rooting of the twig cutting shoot, can well avoid the adverse consequences that the survival of the cutting is influenced due to the breeding of mold and the propagation of bad high-temperature and high-humidity, low-light and ventilation caused by taking measures such as shed buckling, shading and the like to realize the high-humidity and moderate-temperature environment, and can reduce and preserve the temperature and moisture of the twig cutting shoot after the twig grafting is not seen at present, so that the grafting survival rate is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provide a moisturizing and cooling method for ginkgo twig grafting.
The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme:
a moisturizing and cooling method for ginkgo twig grafting mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting scions;
(2) soaking at low temperature, disinfecting the collected scions with carbendazim, washing with clear water, soaking in 0-4 deg.C water at low temperature for 12-24 hr, spreading plant growth powder on the scions, and air drying the surface water of the scions;
(3) wax sealing treatment, namely melting and sealing wax at 70-80 ℃ to form wax sealing liquid, then holding one end of the treated scion, vertically inserting the other end into the wax sealing liquid, quickly pumping out the wax sealing liquid, shaking off the excessive wax liquid, and immediately treating the other end of the scion to ensure that the whole scion branch is uniformly sealed with uniform and thin wax sealing liquid, and then putting the scion branch into water in time for cooling;
(4) grafting;
(5) and carrying out full-light intermittent spray management on the grafted seedlings after grafting.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the plant growth powder is methyl naphthylacetate with the mass fraction of 1% or the plant growth powder is cynanchum otophyllum with the mass fraction of 0.1%.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, in the step (1), the scions are collected by cutting semi-lignified young shoots or secondary shoots, each scion retains 2-3 buds, the scions are cut into a wedge shape by a blade, the cut surface is 2-3cm long, and then the scions are cut at a position 1-1.5cm above the buds and are cut flatly, and the length of the scions is about 4-6 cm.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, in the step (4), the grafting is specifically performed in the first ten days to the last 9 months of the month, the tender branches are grafted in the first ten days of the month 5, robust stock seedlings are cultivated in advance for 1 year, stocks with the thickness approximately equal to that of the scions are selected, 6-7 leaves are left for cutting, when grafting is performed, a cut is vertically cut at the center line of the cut surfaces of the stocks, the scions are inserted, the cambium layers of the stocks are aligned with each other, then, the joints are tightly bound by plastic strips, and the binding range is 3-4cm
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the full-light intermittent spray management of the grafted seedlings after grafting specifically comprises the steps of immediately watering after grafting, and keeping sufficient soil moisture for 1 week after grafting; starting an intermittent spraying mode to carry out full-illumination intermittent spraying management on the grafted seedlings;
wherein the intermittent spray mode is set to spray 1 time every 15 minutes in the daytime, 1 time every 1 hour in the nighttime, 10-15 seconds every time, 0.3% urea solution every 1 time every 3 days in the nighttime, and 1 time 50% carbendazim 800-fold solution or 70% thiophanate methyl 1000-fold solution every 7 days in the nighttime.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, in the step (4), 50 scions sealed with wax are bundled by a rope according to 1 bundle, are tied with a label, and are placed in an indoor shade or a refrigerator fresh-keeping layer for later use.
In the step (3), the components of the sealing wax comprise, by mass, 40-60 parts of refined paraffin, 20-40 parts of stearic acid and 10-20 parts of liquid oil, wherein the liquid oil is cotton seed oil or rape oil.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, in the step (3), the preparation method of the sealing wax comprises the following steps,
(1) weighing refined paraffin, stearic acid and liquid oil according to the component ratio;
(2) heating refined paraffin to melt, adding stearic acid, controlling the temperature of the refined paraffin below 80 ℃, adding liquid oil after the stearic acid is fully melted, and stirring continuously to fully mix and dissolve all components;
(3) naturally cooling, and cutting into blocks for later use.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method adopts a pretreatment means combining low-temperature soaking of the scion and the use of plant growth powder, and carries out quick wax sealing on the pretreated scion at 70-80 ℃, so that the water loss of grafted branches on the rootstock can be greatly reduced under the condition of not damaging scion buds and leaf stalks of tender branches; the scions absorb enough water through a low-temperature soaking process, and the physiological activity of branches is reduced, so that the branches are in a semi-dormant state; in addition, the methyl naphthylacetate plant growth powder with the mass fraction of 1% is applied in the semi-dormant state of the scion treatment, the methyl naphthylacetate plant growth powder has volatility and hygroscopicity, the germination of branch buds can be inhibited through volatilized gas, the surface of the scion is kept dry and comfortable, a water locking layer is formed on the surface of the scion, the water loss is reduced, the healing of an interface is avoided being influenced, the false survival phenomenon is formed, the dormant period of the woody plant is prolonged, the physiological process of the scion is regulated through the synergistic effect, and the scion germination rate and the grafting survival rate are further improved;
2. the invention further optimizes the component proportion of the sealing wax used for wax sealing, introduces stearic acid, determines the optimal adding proportion of the stearic acid, reduces the melting temperature of the sealing wax, ensures that the melted sealing wax can not scald the bud points of the tender branch scions, has obvious enhancement effect on the strength of the refined paraffin wax, improves the tensile strength of the wax sealing surface of the scions, can improve the integrity of the wax sealing surface when the scions are stored after the wax sealing, further ensures the wax sealing protection effect, and further reduces the water loss rate of the scions;
3. a layer of water film is always kept on the surface of the grafted twig scion by intermittent spraying under the outdoor full-light condition, so that the ambient air humidity is increased, the scion is ensured not to be dried and killed due to dehydration in a period of time before healing with the stock, and the survival rate of the twig grafting is greatly increased. The temperature of the scion and the surrounding environment can be effectively reduced through spraying and evaporation of water on the surface of the scion, and physiological water loss of the twigs due to high temperature and high light can be avoided even if the scion is grafted in summer. The full-light spray tender branch grafting seedling raising technology is adopted, so that the grafting healing is rapid and easy, the survival rate is high, the full-automatic management of the healing-growth process after grafting can be realized, a large amount of manpower is saved, the labor intensity of workers is reduced, and the seedling raising cost is reduced.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below, and it should be noted that the following detailed description is provided for illustrative purposes only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application, which is defined by the appended claims.
A moisturizing and cooling method for ginkgo twig grafting mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting scions, selecting semi-lignification seed strips, cutting into scions with the length of 4-6cm, wherein each scion contains 2-3 buds, removing leaves, and reserving partial petioles;
(2) soaking at low temperature, disinfecting the collected scions by using carbendazim, washing the scions by using clear water, then soaking in water at 0-4 ℃ for 12-24 hours at low temperature, uniformly spreading plant growth powder on the scions, and then airing the water on the surfaces of the scions for later use, wherein the plant growth powder only needs to make the surfaces of the scions attached with a thin layer, and in addition, the treatment is finished before the scions are reheated;
(3) wax sealing treatment, wherein the selected components of the wax sealing comprise, by mass, 40-60 parts of refined paraffin, 20-40 parts of stearic acid and 10-20 parts of liquid oil, wherein the liquid oil is cottonseed oil or rapeseed oil;
in addition, the sealing wax is prepared by the following steps of firstly weighing refined paraffin, stearic acid and liquid oil according to the component proportion, then firstly heating the refined paraffin to be molten, adding the stearic acid, controlling the temperature of the refined paraffin to be below 80 ℃, adding the liquid oil after the stearic acid is sufficiently molten, stirring continuously to fully mix and dissolve the components, and finally, naturally cooling and cutting into blocks for later use;
before the scion wax sealing is carried out, melting and sealing wax at 70-80 ℃ to form wax sealing liquid, then holding one end of the treated scion, vertically inserting the other end into the wax sealing liquid, quickly pumping out the wax sealing liquid, shaking off the excessive wax liquid, and immediately treating the other end of the scion to enable the whole scion branch to be uniformly sealed with the uniform and thin wax sealing liquid, and then putting the scion branch into water in time for cooling.
(4) Storing the scions, bundling the scions sealed with the wax according to 50 pieces of 1, tying the scions with ropes, tying labels, and placing the scions in a cool place indoors or a fresh-keeping layer of a refrigerator for later use;
(5) grafting, namely grafting twigs on the middle and late ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 9 months, cultivating strong stock seedlings 1 year ahead, selecting stocks with the thickness approximately equal to that of the scions, reserving 6-7 leaves to cut off, vertically cutting a cut at the center line of the cut surfaces of the stocks during grafting, inserting the scions, aligning the cambiums of the stocks with each other, and then binding joints tightly by using plastic strips within the binding range of 3-4 cm;
(6) after grafting, carrying out full-illumination intermittent spray management on the grafted seedlings, specifically comprising immediately irrigating water after grafting, and keeping sufficient soil moisture for 1 week after grafting; starting an intermittent spraying mode to carry out full-illumination intermittent spraying management on the grafted seedlings;
wherein the intermittent spray mode is set to spray 1 time every 15 minutes in the daytime, 1 time every 1 hour in the nighttime, 10-15 seconds every time, 0.3% urea solution every 1 time every 3 days in the nighttime, and 1 time 50% carbendazim 800-fold solution or 70% thiophanate methyl 1000-fold solution every 7 days in the nighttime.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a moisturizing and cooling method for ginkgo twig grafting, which mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting scions, selecting semi-lignification seed strips, cutting the semi-lignification seed strips into scions with the length of 6cm, wherein each scion contains 2 buds, removing leaves, and reserving part of petioles;
(2) soaking at low temperature, disinfecting the collected scions by using carbendazim, washing the scions by using clear water, transferring the scions into water at the temperature of 2 ℃ for soaking for 12 hours at low temperature, uniformly spreading methyl naphthylacetate with the mass fraction of 1% on the scions, and then airing the water on the surfaces of the scions for later use, wherein attention is paid to plant growth powder only by adhering a thin layer on the surfaces of the scions, and in addition, the treatment is finished before the scions are warmed up;
(3) wax sealing treatment, namely melting and sealing wax at 75 ℃ to form wax sealing liquid, then holding one end of the treated scion, vertically inserting the other end into the wax sealing liquid, quickly pumping out the wax liquid level, shaking off the excessive wax liquid, and immediately treating the other end of the scion to ensure that the whole scion branch is uniformly sealed with uniform and thin wax sealing liquid, and then putting the scion branch into water in time for cooling;
(4) storing the scions, bundling the scions sealed with the wax according to 50 pieces of 1, tying the scions with ropes, tying labels, and placing the scions in a cool place indoors or a fresh-keeping layer of a refrigerator for later use;
(5) grafting, namely grafting twigs on the middle and late ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 9 months, cultivating strong stock seedlings 1 year ahead, selecting stocks with the thickness approximately equal to that of the scions, reserving 6-7 leaves to cut off, vertically cutting a cut at the center line of the cut surfaces of the stocks during grafting, inserting the scions, aligning the cambiums of the stocks with each other, and then binding joints tightly by using plastic strips within the binding range of 3-4 cm;
(6) after grafting, carrying out full-illumination intermittent spray management on the grafted seedlings, specifically comprising immediately irrigating water after grafting, and keeping sufficient soil moisture for 1 week after grafting; starting an intermittent spraying mode according to the change of the environmental temperature and humidity, and carrying out full-illumination intermittent spraying management on the grafted seedlings;
the intermittent spraying mode is set to spray for 1 time every 15 minutes in the daytime, spray for 1 time every 1 hour at night, spray for 10-15 seconds every time, spray for 1 time 0.3% urea solution every 3 days at night, spray for 1 time 50% carbendazim 800 times solution or 70% thiophanate methyl 1000 times solution every 7 days at night.
Example 2
The difference from example 1 is that the scion was not subjected to low temperature soaking treatment.
Example 3
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the plant growth powder adopts the Qingxiansu with the mass fraction of 0.1 percent.
Example 4
The difference from the embodiment 2 is that the plant growth powder adopts the Qingxiansu with the mass fraction of 0.1 percent.
Example 5
The difference from example 1 is that the plant growth powder is not used for the scion after low-temperature soaking treatment.
Example 6
In this embodiment, on the basis of embodiment 1, the specifically used sealing wax comprises, by mass, 60 parts of refined paraffin, 20 parts of stearic acid, and 20 parts of cottonseed oil, and the refined paraffin, the stearic acid, and the cottonseed oil are weighed according to the component ratios, and then the refined paraffin is heated to be molten, the stearic acid is added, the temperature of the refined paraffin is controlled to be below 80 ℃, after the stearic acid is sufficiently molten, liquid oil is added, and the components are continuously stirred to be sufficiently mixed and dissolved, and finally, the sealing wax is naturally cooled and cut into blocks for later use.
Example 7
The difference from the embodiment 6 is that the wax sealing comprises 40 parts of refined paraffin, 40 parts of stearic acid and 20 parts of cottonseed oil by mass;
example 8
The difference from the example 6 is that the wax sealing comprises 50 parts of refined paraffin, 30 parts of stearic acid and 20 parts of cottonseed oil by mass.
In order to verify the influence of different scion wax sealing pretreatment modes on scion germination rates and grafting survival rates, under the same test condition, scions collected at the same period are selected, scions treated by the wax sealing method in the embodiment 1-5 are used as a test group, scions not subjected to wax sealing treatment are used as a control group, four times of repetition are respectively arranged, each treatment in the repetition is randomly arranged, 30 grafts are treated, the scions are placed in an indoor shade or a refrigerator fresh-keeping layer for half a month, a field test is carried out, the scion germination rates and the grafting survival rates of the embodiments 1-5 and the control group are evaluated, and the specific test result statistics are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 statistical table of test results
According to the statistics of the test results shown in table 1, the scion germination rate and grafting survival rate corresponding to examples 1-5 and the control group can be calculated, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 influence of different pretreatment modes of scion wax sealing on scion germination rate and grafting survival rate
The data result shows that the following germination rates and grafting survival rates of the scions subjected to wax sealing pretreatment by different scion wax sealing pretreatment modes have obvious difference, the influence of the examples 1 to 5 on the germination rates and the grafting survival rates of the scions is obviously superior to that of a control group, and the influence of the examples 1 to 5 on the germination rates and the grafting survival rates of the scions is successful, namely, the example 1 is greater than the example 2, the example 3 is greater than the example 5 is greater than the example 4;
it can be seen that the ratio of scion germination and graft survival is the highest in the example of the low-temperature soaking treatment of example 1 and the methyl naphthylacetate plant growth powder treatment with a mass fraction of 1% compared to the example of example 5 and the example of example 2, in which the methyl naphthylacetate plant growth powder treatment with a mass fraction of 1% is used alone, because the scion absorbs enough moisture and the physiological activity of the branches is reduced in the semi-dormant state by the low-temperature soaking process, and in addition, the methyl naphthylacetate plant growth powder with a mass fraction of 1% is applied in the semi-dormant state of the scion treatment, and the methyl naphthylacetate plant growth powder has volatility and hygroscopicity, so that the germination of the branches can be inhibited by volatilized gas, the surface of the scion is kept dry and a water locking layer is formed on the surface of the scion, the moisture loss is reduced, the healing of the scion is prevented from being affected, and the false survival phenomenon is formed, the dormancy stage of the woody plant is prolonged, the physiological process of the scion is regulated under the synergistic effect, and the scion germination rate and the grafting survival rate are further improved.
In order to verify the influence of different stearic acid addition ratios on the wax sealing surface and the scion wax sealing effect, 80 parts of petroleum wax and 20 parts of cottonseed oil purchased from the market are weighed, the sealing wax prepared according to the preparation method is used as a control group, the sealing wax prepared in the embodiment 6-8 is used as a test group, three times of repetition are set, each treatment in the repetition is randomly arranged, 10 scions are sealed by wax in each treatment, after the scions are placed in the same storage environment for half a month, 3 scions are immediately drawn in each repetition, the quality of the scions after wax sealing, the quality of the scions after half a month of placement, the water loss rate and the tensile strength of the wax sealing surface of the scions are tested, and the specific test result statistics are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 statistical table of test results
From the statistics of the test results shown in Table 3, the average water loss and the average tensile strength of examples 6-8 and the control group were calculated, and the uniformity of the wax cover was also shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 influence of stearic acid addition ratio on wax sealing quality and scion wax sealing effect
The data result shows that the influence of the adding proportion of stearic acid, the wax sealing quality and the scion wax sealing effect is obviously different, and the influence of the examples 6 to 8 on the wax sealing quality and the scion wax sealing effect is obviously better than that of the control group;
in example 7, when the stearic acid addition ratio was 40%, the tensile strength of the wax-covered surface of the scion was 25.60 higher than that of the other groups, because stearic acid significantly enhanced the strength of the refined paraffin, so as the tensile strength of the wax-covered surface of the scion increased with the increase in the stearic acid addition ratio, the integrity of the wax-covered surface could be improved during storage of the scion after wax sealing, and the wax-sealed protection effect could be further ensured, and further, the melting temperature of the wax sealing could be lowered, so that the melted wax sealing could not scald the bud points of the tender branch scion, while the stearic acid addition ratio increased negatively affects the uniformity of the wax-covered surface, so that the wax-covered surface was discontinuous, had more spots and bubbles, and affected the water loss rate of the scion after wax sealing, therefore, the water loss rate before and after wax sealing of example 7 was higher than that of the other groups, and therefore, in order to ensure both the tensile strength of the wax-covered surface and the water loss rate of the scion, example 6 is the most preferred.
In order to explore the influence of full-light intermittent spray management on the survival rate of grafted seedlings, scions collected at the same period are selected under the same test condition, wax-sealed and grafted with selected stocks to obtain grafted seedlings as test groups, four groups of repetitions are respectively arranged, each treatment in the repetitions is randomly arranged, 30 grafts are treated, a field test is carried out, and the grafting survival rate is observed without full-light intermittent spray management for the two groups of repetitions;
the results show that the survival rate of two groups of repeated grafting of grafted seedlings subjected to full-light intermittent spray management is higher than that of the other two groups, because a layer of water film is always kept on the surface of the grafted tender branch scion by intermittent spray under the full-light condition in the open air, the scion is ensured not to be dried up due to dehydration in a period of time before the rootstock is healed, the survival rate of the grafted tender branch is greatly increased, in addition, the temperature of the scion and the surrounding environment can be effectively reduced by spraying and evaporation of water on the surface of the scion, and physiological water loss of the tender branch due to high temperature and high light can not be caused in summer grafting.
As used in the specification and claims, certain terms are used to refer to particular components or methods. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, different regions may refer to a component by different names. The present specification and claims do not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not in name. In the following description and in the claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. "substantially" means within an acceptable error range, and a person skilled in the art can solve the technical problem within a certain error range to substantially achieve the technical effect. The description which follows is a preferred embodiment of the present application, but is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the application and not for the purpose of limiting the scope of the application. The protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the definitions of the appended claims.
It is also noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a good or system that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such good or system. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a commodity or system that includes the element.
While the foregoing description shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood, as noted above, that the invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments and is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the inventive concept as expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A moisturizing and cooling method for ginkgo twig grafting is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps:
(1) collecting scions;
(2) soaking at low temperature, disinfecting the collected scions with carbendazim, washing with clear water, soaking in 0-4 deg.C water at low temperature for 12-24 hr, spreading plant growth powder on the scions, and air drying the surface water of the scions;
(3) wax sealing treatment, namely melting and sealing wax at 70-80 ℃ to form wax sealing liquid, then holding one end of the treated scion, vertically inserting the other end into the wax sealing liquid, quickly pumping out the wax sealing liquid, shaking off the excessive wax liquid, sealing the other end of the scion with the wax, uniformly sealing a layer of uniform and thin wax sealing liquid on the whole scion branch, and then timely putting the scion branch into water for cooling;
(4) grafting;
(5) and carrying out full-light intermittent spray management on the grafted seedlings after grafting.
2. The moisturizing and cooling method for ginkgo twig grafting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plant growth powder is methyl naphthylacetate with a mass fraction of 1% or 0.1% of cynarin with a mass fraction.
3. The moisturizing and cooling method for ginkgo twig grafting as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the scions are collected by cutting semi-lignified young shoots or young shoots, each scion is kept with 2-3 axillary buds, leaves are removed, only 1-2cm of leaf stems are kept, the scions are cut into a wedge shape by a blade, the cut surface is 2-3cm long, and then the scions are cut at 1-1.5cm above the buds and are about 4-6cm long.
4. The moisturizing and cooling method for ginkgo twig grafting according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the grafting operation is specifically performed in such a way that the twig grafting is performed from the middle and the last ten days of 5 months to the last 9 months, a robust stock seedling is cultivated 1 year ahead, a stock with the thickness approximately equal to that of the scion is selected, 6-7 leaves are left to be cut off, during grafting, a cut is vertically cut at the center line of the cut section of the stock, the scion is inserted, cambiums of the stock and the scion are aligned with each other, and then a joint is tightly bound by plastic strips and is bound within the range of 3-4 cm.
5. The moisturizing and cooling method for ginkgo twig grafting according to claim 1, wherein the full-exposure intermittent spray management of the grafted seedlings after grafting specifically comprises watering immediately after grafting and maintaining sufficient soil moisture for 1 week after grafting; starting an intermittent spraying mode to carry out full-illumination intermittent spraying management on the grafted seedlings;
wherein the intermittent spray mode is set to spray 1 time every 15 minutes in the daytime, 1 time every 1 hour in the nighttime, 10-15 seconds every time, 0.3% urea solution every 1 time every 3 days in the nighttime, and 1 time 50% carbendazim 800-fold solution or 70% thiophanate methyl 1000-fold solution every 7 days in the nighttime.
6. The moisturizing and cooling method for ginkgo twig grafting as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), 50 bunches of the scions sealed with the wax are tied with a rope, are tied with a label, and are placed in a cool room or a fresh-keeping layer of a refrigerator for later use.
7. The moisturizing and cooling method for grafting of ginkgo twig as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the wax sealing component comprises, by mass, 40-60 parts of refined paraffin, 20-40 parts of stearic acid, and 10-20 parts of liquid oil, and the liquid oil is cottonseed oil or rapeseed oil.
8. The moisturizing and cooling method for ginkgo twig grafting according to claim 7, wherein the preparation method of the wax sealing in the step (3) comprises the following steps,
(1) weighing refined paraffin, stearic acid and liquid oil according to the component ratio;
(2) heating refined paraffin to melt, adding stearic acid, controlling the temperature of the refined paraffin below 80 ℃, adding liquid oil after the stearic acid is fully melted, and stirring continuously to fully mix and dissolve all components;
(3) naturally cooling, and cutting into blocks for later use.
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