CN114303275A - Battery temperature adjusting device - Google Patents
Battery temperature adjusting device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114303275A CN114303275A CN202080061373.3A CN202080061373A CN114303275A CN 114303275 A CN114303275 A CN 114303275A CN 202080061373 A CN202080061373 A CN 202080061373A CN 114303275 A CN114303275 A CN 114303275A
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
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- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/651—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by parameters specified by a numeric value or mathematical formula, e.g. ratios, sizes or concentrations
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- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
A battery temperature control device for controlling the temperature of a battery, comprising: a battery pack (10) having a1 st battery cell (12a), a2 nd battery cell (12b) electrically connected to the 1 st battery cell, a1 st heat exchange unit (15a) for exchanging heat between the 1 st battery cell and a heat transfer medium, and a2 nd heat exchange unit (15b) for exchanging heat between the 2 nd battery cell and the heat transfer medium; and a heat medium circuit (20) which makes the heat medium with the adjusted temperature flow to the 1 st heat exchange part and the 2 nd heat exchange part. The heat medium circuit is provided with a heat conduction amount adjusting part (22) which adjusts the 1 st heat conduction amount between the 1 st battery unit and the heat medium and the 2 nd heat conduction amount between the 2 nd battery unit and the heat medium under a predetermined use condition so that the temperature difference between the 1 st battery unit and the 2 nd battery unit after temperature adjustment by the heat medium is smaller than that in a non-temperature-adjusting state.
Description
Cross reference to related applications
The present application is based on japanese patent application No. 2019-164841, filed on 9/10/2019, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a battery temperature control device for controlling the temperature of a battery.
Background
As a conventional battery temperature control device, patent document 1 discloses a battery temperature control device that adjusts the temperature of a plurality of battery cells included in a battery pack by cooling or heating the plurality of battery cells with a heat exchange liquid.
Documents of the prior art
Patent document
Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2014-93243
Disclosure of Invention
Further, the heat dissipation properties of the plurality of battery cells in the battery pack differ depending on the layout of the plurality of battery cells. Therefore, the plurality of battery cells have a temperature distribution in which the temperature of one part of the battery cells is higher than the temperature of another part of the battery cells. However, in the conventional battery temperature control device, the temperature distribution due to the layout is not considered. That is, the amount of heat transfer between each battery cell and the heat exchange liquid is not adjusted so that the temperatures of the plurality of battery cells after temperature adjustment approach the same temperature. Therefore, in the conventional battery temperature control device, the temperatures of the plurality of battery cells after temperature control are different. This problem occurs not only when a liquid is used as the heat medium but also when a refrigerant of a refrigeration cycle is used as the heat medium.
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a battery temperature control device that can bring the temperatures of a plurality of battery cells after temperature control close to the same temperature.
In order to achieve the above object, according to 1 aspect of the present invention, a battery temperature control device for controlling a temperature of a battery includes: a battery pack including a1 st battery cell constituting a battery, a2 nd battery cell constituting the battery and electrically connected to the 1 st battery cell, a1 st heat exchanging unit for exchanging heat between the 1 st battery cell and a heat carrier, and a2 nd heat exchanging unit for exchanging heat between the 2 nd battery cell and the heat carrier; and a heat medium circuit for making the heat medium with the adjusted temperature flow to the 1 st heat exchange part and the 2 nd heat exchange part; the heat carrier is a liquid or a refrigerant of a refrigeration cycle; in a non-temperature-controlled state in which the temperatures of the 1 st battery cell and the 2 nd battery cell are not adjusted by the heat medium, a temperature difference is generated between the 1 st battery cell and the 2 nd battery cell in accordance with heat generation caused by charge and discharge of the 1 st battery cell and the 2 nd battery cell under predetermined use conditions of the 1 st battery cell and the 2 nd battery cell; the battery pack or the heat medium circuit includes a heat conduction amount adjustment unit that adjusts, under predetermined use conditions, the 1 st heat conduction amount between the 1 st battery cell and the heat medium and the 2 nd heat conduction amount between the 2 nd battery cell and the heat medium so that the temperature difference between the 1 st battery cell and the 2 nd battery cell, the temperatures of which are adjusted by the heat medium, becomes smaller than that in the non-temperature-adjusted state.
Thus, the heat conduction amount adjustment portion adjusts the 1 st heat conduction amount and the 2 nd heat conduction amount so that the temperature difference between the 1 st battery cell and the 2 nd battery cell under the predetermined use condition becomes small. Therefore, the temperature of the 1 st battery cell and the temperature of the 2 nd battery cell after temperature adjustment by the heat medium can be made to be close to the same temperature.
The parenthesized reference numerals assigned to the respective components and the like indicate an example of the correspondence between the components and the like and the specific components and the like described in the embodiments described later.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of a battery temperature control device according to embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is a view of the battery pack of fig. 1 in the direction II.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the battery pack of fig. 1 taken along line III-III.
Fig. 4 is a plan view of a plurality of heat exchangers in fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart showing a control process performed by the control unit according to embodiment 1.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart showing a control process performed by the control unit according to embodiment 1.
Fig. 7 is a flowchart showing a control process performed by the control unit according to embodiment 1.
Fig. 8 is a diagram showing the overall configuration of the battery temperature control device of comparative example 1.
Fig. 9 is a diagram showing detected temperatures of a plurality of battery cells after being cooled by the battery temperature adjusting apparatus of comparative example 1.
Fig. 10 is a diagram showing the overall configuration of the battery temperature control device according to embodiment 1 in a state where the coolant flows.
Fig. 11 is a diagram showing detected temperatures of a plurality of battery cells cooled by the battery temperature control device according to embodiment 1.
Fig. 12 is a diagram showing a relationship between the flow rate distribution by the flow rate adjustment valve and the temperature difference between the battery cells on the center side and the battery cells on the end sides in the battery temperature control device according to embodiment 1.
Fig. 13 is a diagram showing the overall configuration of the battery temperature control device according to embodiment 2.
Fig. 14 is a plan view of the battery module of embodiment 2.
Fig. 15 is an XV-direction view of the battery module in fig. 14.
Fig. 16 is a diagram showing detected temperatures of a plurality of battery cells in a state in which the battery pack according to embodiment 2 is not cooled by the coolant.
Fig. 17 is a side view of the battery pack of embodiment 3.
Fig. 18 is an enlarged view of the XVIII portion in fig. 17.
Fig. 19 is a sectional view of the battery pack according to embodiment 4, and corresponds to fig. 3.
Fig. 20 is a plan view of a plurality of heat exchangers according to embodiment 4, and corresponds to fig. 4.
Fig. 21 is a sectional view taken along line XXI-XXI in fig. 20.
Fig. 22 is a diagram showing the overall configuration of the battery temperature control device according to embodiment 5.
Fig. 23 is a sectional view of the flow path switching valve in fig. 22.
Fig. 24 is a graph showing each state of the flow path switching valve according to embodiment 5.
Fig. 25 is a diagram showing the flow of the coolant when the flow path switching valve is in the 1 st state in the battery temperature control device according to embodiment 5.
Fig. 26 is a diagram showing the flow of the coolant when the flow path switching valve is in the 2 nd state in the battery temperature control device according to embodiment 5.
Fig. 27 is a diagram showing the flow of the coolant when the flow path switching valve is in the 3 rd state in the battery temperature control device according to embodiment 5.
Fig. 28 is a diagram showing a relationship between the states of the flow path switching valve and the temperature of the coolant on the inflow side of the heat exchanger in the battery temperature control device according to embodiment 5.
Fig. 29 is a flowchart showing a control process performed by the control unit according to embodiment 5.
Fig. 30 is a diagram showing the overall configuration of the battery temperature control device according to embodiment 6.
Fig. 31 is a diagram showing the overall configuration of the battery temperature control device according to embodiment 7, and is a diagram showing the flow of the refrigerant in the battery cooling mode.
Fig. 32 is a diagram showing the overall configuration of the battery temperature adjusting apparatus according to embodiment 7, and is a diagram showing the flow of the refrigerant in the battery heating mode.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following embodiments, the same or equivalent portions are given the same reference numerals and are described.
(embodiment 1)
The battery temperature control device 1 of the present embodiment shown in fig. 1 is mounted in an electric vehicle. The battery temperature control device 1 controls the temperature of a battery mounted in an electric vehicle. The electric vehicle is an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or the like. The battery is a secondary battery used as a power source for running. The battery is constituted by a plurality of battery cells 12 included in the battery pack 10.
As shown in fig. 1, the battery temperature control device 1 includes a battery pack 10 and a coolant circuit 20 for flowing a coolant to the battery pack 10.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, and 3, the battery pack 10 includes a plurality of battery modules 11. The assembled battery 10 is configured by collecting a plurality of battery modules 11 into 1. In the battery pack 10, the plurality of battery modules 11 are housed in a package not shown. Each battery module 11 is configured by collecting 1 battery cell from a plurality of battery cells 12. Each battery unit 12 has a package can 121 and 2 battery terminals 122 and 123 provided on the upper surface of the package can 121. The package can 121 is a metal square. The battery unit 12 is, for example, a nickel-metal hydride secondary battery, a lithium ion secondary battery, or the like.
In each battery module 11, a plurality of battery cells 12 are stacked in the thickness direction of each battery cell 12. Although not shown, the plurality of battery cells 12 are electrically connected in series, respectively. Each battery module 11 is a rectangular parallelepiped in which the stacking direction of the plurality of battery cells 12 is the longitudinal direction D1, the vertical direction is the height direction D3, and the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction D1 and the height direction D3 is the width direction D2. The longitudinal direction D1 is the longitudinal direction of each battery module 11.
The plurality of battery cells 12 are restrained by end plates 13 and side plates 14. The end plates 13 are provided at 1 each of both sides of the plurality of battery cells 12 in the longitudinal direction D1. The side plates 14 are provided at 2 positions on both sides in the width direction D2 with respect to the plurality of battery cells 12.
The plurality of battery modules 11 are arranged in the longitudinal direction D1 and the width direction D2. In the present embodiment, 8 battery modules 11 are used as the plurality of battery modules 11. In the longitudinal direction D1, 2 battery modules 11 are arranged. In the width direction D2, 4 battery modules 11 are arranged. Each battery module 11 includes 12 battery cells 12.
The battery pack 10 has a plurality of heat exchangers 15. The plurality of heat exchangers 15 form heat exchange flow paths 16 through which the coolant flows. The plurality of heat exchangers 15 exchange heat between the plurality of battery cells 12 included in the battery pack 10 and the coolant. The plurality of heat exchangers 15 are disposed below the plurality of battery modules 11. Each heat exchanger 15 is flat in shape.
As shown in fig. 4, the planar shape of each heat exchanger 15 is a rectangle that is long in one direction. An inflow portion 17 and an outflow portion 18 of the coolant are provided at one end portion of each heat exchanger 15 in one direction. The heat exchange flow path 16 of each heat exchanger 15 is formed in a U shape. In each heat exchanger 15, as shown by arrows in fig. 4, the coolant flowing into the heat exchange flow path 16 from the inflow portion 17 flows from one end side to the other end side in one direction and then turns around in a U-shape. The coolant after the U-turn flows from the other end side to the one end side in one direction, and then flows out from the outflow portion 18.
The plurality of heat exchangers 15 are arranged in a direction orthogonal to one direction of each heat exchanger 15. A gap is formed between the adjacent heat exchangers 15.
As shown in fig. 1, the plurality of battery modules 11 are disposed above the plurality of heat exchangers 15 such that the longitudinal direction D1 coincides with the arrangement direction of the plurality of heat exchangers 15. In the present embodiment, 8 heat exchangers 15 are used as the plurality of heat exchangers 15. Each battery module 11 is provided across 4 heat exchangers 15.
The plurality of heat exchangers 15 includes a plurality of 1 st heat exchangers 15a and a plurality of 2 nd heat exchangers 15 b. Each of the 1 st heat exchangers 15a exchanges heat between the end-side battery cell 12a located on the end side in the longitudinal direction D1, among the plurality of battery cells 12 in each battery module 11, and the coolant. The 2 nd heat exchanger 15b exchanges heat between the center battery cell 12b located at the center in the longitudinal direction D1 among the plurality of battery cells 12 in each battery module 11 and the coolant. In the present embodiment, each of the plurality of end-side battery cells 12a corresponds to the 1 st battery cell. The 1 st heat exchanger 15a corresponds to the 1 st heat exchange unit. The plurality of center-side battery cells 12b correspond to the 2 nd battery cell, respectively. The 2 nd heat exchanger 15b corresponds to the 2 nd heat exchange unit.
In fig. 1 and 4, the 1 st, 4 th, 5 th, and 8 th heat exchangers 15 from the upper side of the drawing are the 1 st heat exchanger 15 a. In fig. 1 and 4, the 2 nd, 3 rd, 6 th, and 7 th heat exchangers 15 from the upper side of the drawing are the 2 nd heat exchangers 15 b. As shown in fig. 4, the heat exchange flow path 16 of the 1 st heat exchanger 15a is a1 st heat exchange flow path 16 a. The heat exchange flow path 16 of the 2 nd heat exchanger 15b is a2 nd heat exchange flow path 16 b.
As shown in fig. 1, the coolant circuit 20 is a closed circuit in which the coolant circulates. The coolant is a liquid heat carrier. The coolant of the present embodiment is used not only for cooling but also for heating. In the present embodiment, the coolant circuit 20 corresponds to a heat medium circuit for causing the heat medium whose temperature has been adjusted to flow to the 1 st heat exchanger and the 2 nd heat exchanger. The coolant circuit 20 includes an electric pump 21, a flow rate adjustment valve 22, a cooling unit 23, and a heating unit 24.
The electric pump 21 forms a flow of the cooling liquid. The flow rate adjustment valve 22 includes an inflow portion 221, a1 st outflow portion 222, and a2 nd outflow portion 223. The flow rate adjustment valve 22 distributes the coolant flowing in from the inflow portion 221 to flow out from the 1 st outflow portion 222 and the 2 nd outflow portion 223, respectively. The flow rate adjustment valve 22 adjusts the outflow rate of the coolant from the 1 st outflow portion 222 and the outflow rate of the coolant from the 2 nd outflow portion 223, respectively.
The cooling unit 23 and the heating unit 24 are disposed upstream of the electric pump 21 in the flow of the coolant. The cooling unit 23 and the heating unit 24 are temperature adjusting units that adjust the temperature of the heat medium by cooling or heating the heat medium. The cooling unit 23 is a coolant-side heat exchange unit that cools the coolant by heat exchange with the refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle 30. The cooling unit 23 constitutes an evaporator of the refrigeration cycle 30 together with the heat exchange unit 31 on the refrigerant side. The refrigeration cycle 30 is a vapor compression refrigeration cycle including a compressor 32, a radiator 33, and an expansion valve 34 in addition to a heat exchange unit 31 on the refrigerant side. The heating portion 24 heats the coolant. As the heating portion 24, an electric heater is used.
In the coolant circuit 20, the coolant discharged from the electric pump 21 flows into the plurality of heat exchangers 15 via the flow rate adjustment valve 22. The coolant flowing out of the plurality of heat exchangers 15 is subjected to temperature adjustment by the cooling unit 23 or the heating unit 24, and then is sucked by the electric pump 21.
The coolant circuit 20 has a1 st channel 25, a2 nd channel 26, and an integrated junction 27. The 1 st channel 25 allows the coolant flowing out of the 1 st outflow portion 222 of the flow rate adjustment valve 22 to flow into the plurality of 1 st heat exchangers 15 a. That is, the 1 st flow path 25 causes a part of the coolant whose temperature has been adjusted by the cooling target portion 23 or the heating portion 24 to flow into the plurality of 1 st heat exchangers 15 a. The 1 st flow path 25 guides the coolant flowing out from the plurality of 1 st heat exchangers 15a to the integrated joining portion 27. The 2 nd flow path 26 allows the coolant flowing out of the 2 nd outflow portion 223 of the flow rate adjustment valve 22 to flow into the plurality of 2 nd heat exchangers 15 b. That is, the 2 nd flow path 26 causes part of the coolant whose temperature has been adjusted by the cooled portion 23 or the heated portion 24 to flow into the plurality of 2 nd heat exchangers 15 b. The 2 nd flow path 26 guides the coolant flowing out from the plurality of 2 nd heat exchangers 15b to the integrated joining portion 27.
The 1 st flow path 25 and the 2 nd flow path 26 are connected to the flow rate adjustment valve 22 and the total junction 27 so that the 1 st heat exchanger 15a and the 2 nd heat exchanger 15b are connected in parallel.
Specifically, the 1 st flow path 25 includes an inflow side 1 st flow path 251 and an outflow side 1 st flow path 252. The inflow side 1 st flow path 251 connects the 1 st outflow portion 222 of the flow rate adjustment valve 22 and the inflow portion 17 of each 1 st heat exchanger 15 a. The outflow-side 1 st flow path 252 connects the outflow portion 18 of each 1 st heat exchanger 15a to the integrated merging portion 27. The inflow side 1 st flow path 251 distributes the coolant substantially equally to flow into the 1 st heat exchangers 15 a. The outflow-side 1 st flow path 252 merges the coolant flowing out from the 1 st heat exchangers 15a and guides the merged coolant to the total merging portion 27.
The 2 nd flow path 26 includes an inflow side 2 nd flow path 261 and an outflow side 2 nd flow path 262. The inflow side 2 nd flow path 261 connects the 2 nd outflow portion 223 of the flow rate adjustment valve 22 to the inflow portion 17 of each 2 nd heat exchanger 15 b. The outflow-side 2 nd flow path 262 connects the outflow portion 18 of each 2 nd heat exchanger 15b to the integrated merging portion 27. The inflow side 2 nd flow paths 261 distribute the coolant substantially equally and allow the coolant to flow into the respective 2 nd heat exchangers 15 b. The outflow-side 2 nd flow path 262 merges the coolant flowing out from each 2 nd heat exchanger 15b and guides the merged coolant to the total merging portion 27.
The flow rate adjustment valve 22 is connected to the 1 st channel 25 and the 2 nd channel 26, respectively. The flow rate adjustment valve 22 distributes the coolant whose temperature has been adjusted by the cooling unit 23 or the heating unit 24 to the 1 st flow path 25 and the 2 nd flow path 26. The flow rate adjustment valve 22 is a flow rate adjustment unit that adjusts the flow rate of the coolant flowing through the 1 st channel 25 and the flow rate of the coolant flowing through the 2 nd channel 26, respectively.
As shown in fig. 1, the battery temperature control device 1 includes a plurality of temperature sensors 41 and a control unit 42.
The plurality of temperature sensors 41 are provided for predetermined battery cells among the plurality of battery cells 12 of each battery module 11. Each temperature sensor 41 is a thermistor, a thermocouple, or the like. Each temperature sensor 41 is connected to an input side of the control unit 42.
The plurality of temperature sensors 41 include a plurality of 1 st temperature sensors 41a and a plurality of 2 nd temperature sensors 41 b. The plurality of 1 st temperature sensors 41a are provided for the end side battery cells 12a of the respective battery modules 11. The plurality of 2 nd temperature sensors 41b are provided for the battery cells 12b on the center side of each battery module 11. In the present embodiment, 21 st temperature sensors 41a and 2 nd temperature sensors 41b are provided for each battery module 11.
On the output side of the control unit 42, control target devices such as the electric pump 21, the flow rate adjustment valve 22, the heating unit 24, and the compressor 32 are connected. The control unit 42 includes a microcomputer including a processor and a memory, and peripheral circuits thereof. The memory stores a control program, control data, and the like for controlling the operation of the control target device. The memory is a non-mobile tangible recording medium. The non-removable entity recording medium is a non-transitory tangible storage medium.
The control unit 42 controls the operations of the electric pump 21, the heating unit 24, the compressor 32, and the like for the temperature adjustment of the battery. Further, the controller 42 controls the operation of the flow rate adjustment valve 22 so as to make the temperature of the plurality of battery cells 12 after temperature adjustment uniform. That is, the control unit 42 controls the flow rates of the coolant distributed to the 1 st channel 25 and the 2 nd channel 26 based on the detection results of the plurality of temperature sensors 41.
The control process performed by the control unit 42 will be described below. When the control unit 42 is in the operating state, the control unit 42 repeats the control processing shown in fig. 5, 6, and 7. The steps shown in each of fig. 5, 6, and 7 correspond to functional units that realize various functions. This is the same in the embodiment described later.
First, the control unit 42 performs the control processing shown in fig. 5 to determine the operation mode of the battery temperature control device 1. As shown in fig. 5, in step S11, the control unit 42 acquires the cell maximum temperature Tc _ max and acquires the cell minimum temperature Tc _ min. The cell maximum temperature Tc _ max is the maximum temperature of the plurality of battery cells 12. The cell minimum temperature Tc _ min is the minimum temperature of the plurality of battery cells 12. In the present embodiment, the maximum value of the detected temperature of each of the plurality of temperature sensors 41 is used as the unit maximum temperature Tc _ max. As the unit minimum temperature Tc _ min, the minimum value of the detected temperatures of the plurality of temperature sensors 41 is used.
Next, in step S12, the control portion 42 compares the unit maximum temperature Tc _ max with the cooling-side threshold value Tc _ max 0. The control unit 42 determines whether or not the cell maximum temperature Tc _ max is equal to or greater than the cooling-side threshold value Tc _ max 0. When the cell maximum temperature Tc _ max is equal to or higher than the cooling-side threshold Tc _ max0, the controller 42 determines yes and proceeds to step S13. In step S13, control unit 42 determines the battery cooling mode and ends the present process.
If control unit 42 determines no in step S12, the process proceeds to step S14. In step S14, the control portion 42 compares the unit minimum temperature Tc _ min with the heating-side threshold value Tc _ min 0. The control unit 42 determines whether or not the cell minimum temperature Tc _ min is equal to or lower than the heating-side threshold value Tc _ min 0. If the cell minimum temperature Tc _ min is equal to or lower than the heating-side threshold Tc _ min0, the controller 42 determines yes and proceeds to step S15. In step S15, the control unit 42 determines the battery heating mode and ends the present process.
If the control unit 42 determines no in step S14, the control unit 42 ends the present process. In this case, the control unit 42 sets the control target device to a stopped state. That is, the temperature of the battery is not adjusted by the battery temperature adjusting device 1.
In step S13, when the operation mode is determined to be the battery cooling mode, the controller 42 operates the compressor 32 of the refrigeration cycle 30. Thereby, the cooling unit 23 cools the coolant. Further, the control unit 42 performs the control processing shown in fig. 6 to adjust the coolant flowing through the 1 st channel 25 and the coolant flowing through the 2 nd channel 26, respectively.
As shown in fig. 6, in step S21, control unit 42 acquires charge/discharge current I of the battery and acquires cell average temperature Tc. Although not shown, the assembled battery 10 is provided with a current sensor for detecting a charge/discharge current of the battery. The control unit 42 obtains the charge/discharge current I from the current sensor. The cell average temperature Tc is an average temperature of the plurality of battery cells 12. The control unit 42 acquires the respective detected temperatures from the plurality of temperature sensors 41 and calculates the average value of the temperatures.
Next, in step S22, the control unit 42 determines the coolant flow rate L of the entire coolant circuit 20 based on the acquired charge/discharge current I and the cell average temperature Tc. The coolant flow rate L is a flow rate of the coolant discharged from the electric pump 21. According to joule's law, the heat generation amount of the battery is proportional to the product of the internal resistance R of the battery and the square of the current I. In order to predict the temperature rise of the battery, the charge/discharge current I is used for determining the coolant flow rate L. At this time, a map in which the magnitude of each of the charge/discharge current I and the cell average temperature Tc is associated with the magnitude of the coolant flow rate L is used. Thus, the control unit 42 controls the operation of the electric pump 21 so that the determined coolant flow rate L is achieved.
The controller 42 also sets the flow rate distribution ratio of the flow rate adjustment valve 22 to the coolant in the 1 st channel 25 and the 2 nd channel 26. That is, the controller 42 sets a ratio of the 1 st flow rate L1, which is the flow rate of the coolant in the 1 st flow path 25 distributed from the flow rate adjustment valve 22, to the 2 nd flow rate L2, which is the flow rate of the coolant in the 2 nd flow path 26 distributed from the flow rate adjustment valve 22. At this time, as an initial value of the flow rate distribution ratio, the controller 42 sets the 1 st flow rate L1 and the 2 nd flow rate L2 to be equal (i.e., L1: L2: 50). Thus, the controller 42 controls the operation of the flow rate adjustment valve 22 so that the 1 st flow rate L1 and the 2 nd flow rate L2 become equal.
Next, in step S23, the controller 42 determines whether or not the coolant flow rate L is equal to or greater than a predetermined flow rate L0. The determination is to determine whether the heat generation load of the battery is high. For example, when the battery is rapidly charged, the heat generation amount of the battery is large. Therefore, the coolant flow rate L determined in step S22 is greater than the predetermined flow rate L0. When the coolant flow rate L is equal to or greater than the predetermined flow rate L0, the controller 42 determines yes and proceeds to step S24. When the coolant flow rate L is smaller than the predetermined flow rate L0, the control unit 42 determines no and once ends the present process. In this case, the flow rate distribution by the flow rate adjustment valve 22 is not changed. By performing step S23, the flow rate distribution ratio is changed when there is a temperature difference between the end-side battery cell 12a and the center-side battery cell 12b, or when a temperature difference is expected.
In step S24, the controller 42 acquires the 1 st cell temperature Tc1 and acquires the 2 nd cell temperature Tc 2. The 1 st cell temperature Tc1 is the average temperature of the end side battery cells 12a in each battery module 11. The control unit 42 acquires the temperatures detected by the plurality of 1 st temperature sensors 41a, and calculates the average value of the acquired detected temperatures to acquire the 1 st cell temperature Tc 1. The 2 nd cell temperature Tc2 is the average temperature of the battery cell 12b on the center side in each battery module 11. The control unit 42 acquires the temperatures detected by the plurality of 2 nd temperature sensors 41b, and calculates the average value of the acquired detected temperatures to acquire the 2 nd cell temperature Tc 2.
Next, in step S25, it is determined whether the temperature difference between the 2 nd cell temperature Tc2 and the 1 st cell temperature Tc1 (i.e., Tc 2-Tc 1) is greater than the 1 st threshold Δ T0. As will be described later, the 2 nd cell temperature Tc2 is on the high temperature side, and the 1 st cell temperature Tc1 is on the low temperature side. When Tc2 to Tc1 are equal to or less than the 1 st threshold Δ T0, the control unit 42 determines no and once ends the present process. In this case, the flow rate distribution ratio is not changed. On the other hand, when Tc2 to Tc1 is greater than the 1 st threshold Δ T0, the controller 42 determines yes and proceeds to step S26.
In step S26, the control unit 42 changes the flow rate distribution ratio so that the 2 nd flow rate L2 is greater than the 1 st flow rate L1. That is, the control unit 42 changes L1: l2 ═ 50: 50 to L1: l2 ═ a 1: b1. at this time, a1< b 1. The values of a1 and b1 are expressed as percentages of the ratio to the total flow rate. The ratio of the 1 st flow rate L1 to the 2 nd flow rate L2 after the change (i.e., L1: L2: a 1: b1) is set based on the charge/discharge current I obtained in step S21. In this setting, a map in which the magnitude of the charge/discharge current I and the ratio of the 1 st flow rate L1 to the 2 nd flow rate L2 are associated with each other is used. The ratio of the 1 st flow rate L1 to the 2 nd flow rate L2 after the change is not limited to being set based on the magnitude of the charge/discharge current I, and may be set based on other parameters related to the amount of heat generation of the battery, for example, the amount of heat flux from the battery.
Thereby, the controller 42 operates the flow rate adjustment valve 22 so that the ratio of the 1 st flow rate L1 to the 2 nd flow rate L2 after the change determined in step S26 is obtained. That is, the controller 42 operates the flow rate adjustment valve 22 such that the 2 nd flow rate L2 is increased and the 1 st flow rate L1 is decreased compared to the initial setting.
Next, in step S27, the controller 42 acquires the 1 st cell temperature Tc1 and the 2 nd cell temperature Tc2 t seconds after the flow rate distribution ratio is changed in step S26, in the same manner as in step S24.
Next, in step S28, the control unit 42 determines whether or not the temperature difference between the 2 nd cell temperature Tc2 and the 1 st cell temperature Tc1 (i.e., Tc2 to Tc1) is smaller than the 2 nd threshold Δ T1. The 2 nd threshold Δ T1 is a value equal to or greater than the 1 st threshold Δ T0 (i.e., Δ T1 ≧ Δ T0). When Tc2 to Tc1 are smaller than the 2 nd threshold Δ T1, the control unit 42 determines yes and once ends the present process. This prevents further change of the flow rate distribution ratio.
If the determination at step S28 is no, control unit 42 proceeds to step S29. In step S29, the control unit 42 further changes the flow rate distribution ratio. The distribution value of the changed 2 nd flow rate L2 is increased by a predetermined amount α from the 2 nd flow rate L2 before the change (that is, L2 after the change is equal to L2+ α before the change). The distribution value of the 1 st flow rate L1 after the change is reduced by a predetermined amount α from the 1 st flow rate L1 before the change (that is, L1 after the change is L1- α before the change). The predetermined amount α is a preset amount of increase and decrease. Thus, the controller 42 operates the flow rate adjustment valve 22 such that the 2 nd flow rate L2 is increased before the change and the 1 st flow rate L1 is decreased before the change.
Then, the control unit 42 proceeds to step S27. Thus, the change of the flow rate distribution ratio is repeated until the decrease of the temperature difference is confirmed.
When the operation mode is determined to be the battery heating mode in step S15 in fig. 5, the control unit 42 operates the heating unit 24. Thereby, the coolant is heated by the heating unit 24. Further, the control unit 42 performs the control processing shown in fig. 7 to adjust the coolant flowing through the 1 st channel 25 and the coolant flowing through the 2 nd channel 26, respectively.
In the control process shown in fig. 7, steps S26 and S29 of the control process shown in fig. 6 are changed to steps S26-1 and S29-1, respectively. The other steps are the same as the control processing shown in fig. 6.
In step S26-1, the control unit 42 changes the flow rate distribution ratio so that the 1 st flow rate L1 is larger than the 2 nd flow rate L2. That is, the control unit 42 changes L1: l2 ═ 50: 50 to L1: l2 ═ a 2: b2. at this time, a2> b 2. The values of a2 and b2 are expressed as percentages of the ratio to the total flow rate.
Thus, the controller 42 operates the flow rate adjustment valve 22 so that the ratio of the 1 st flow rate L1 to the 2 nd flow rate L2 after the change determined in step S26-1 is achieved. That is, the controller 42 operates the flow rate adjustment valve 22 such that the 2 nd flow rate L2 is reduced and the 1 st flow rate L1 is increased compared to the initial setting.
In step S29-1, the control unit 42 further changes the flow rate distribution ratio. The distribution value of the 1 st flow rate L1 after the change is increased by a predetermined amount α from the 1 st flow rate L1 before the change (that is, L1 after the change is L1+ α before the change). The distribution value of the changed 2 nd flow rate L2 is decreased by a predetermined amount α from the 2 nd flow rate L2 before the change (that is, L2 after the change is L2- α before the change). Thus, the controller 42 operates the flow rate adjustment valve 22 such that the 1 st flow rate L1 is increased compared to before the change and the 2 nd flow rate L2 is decreased compared to before the change.
Next, the effects of the battery temperature control device 1 according to the present embodiment will be described by comparing the battery temperature control device 1 according to the present embodiment with the battery temperature control device J1 of comparative example 1 shown in fig. 8. In the battery temperature control apparatus J1 of comparative example 1, the coolant circuit J20 is configured to distribute the coolant equally to the heat exchangers 15. The other structure of the battery temperature control apparatus J1 of comparative example 1 is the same as that of the battery temperature control apparatus 1 of embodiment 1.
In an electric vehicle, a battery constituted by a plurality of battery cells 12 is used at a high voltage. Therefore, the plurality of battery cells 12 are connected in series. Therefore, when a current flows during charging and discharging of the battery, each battery cell 12 generates heat equally.
However, in each of the battery modules 11 of the present embodiment and comparative example 1, the plurality of battery cells 12 are stacked in one direction. Therefore, under a predetermined use condition where the amount of heat generated by each battery cell 12 is large, such as during rapid battery charging, the heat is confined to the center battery cell 12b among the plurality of battery cells 12 in each battery module 11. That is, the battery cell 12b on the center side has lower heat dissipation performance than the battery cells 12a on the end sides.
As a result, in the non-temperature-regulated state in which the temperature of each battery cell 12 of the battery pack 10 is not regulated by the coolant, the plurality of battery cells 12 have a temperature distribution in each battery module 11 in which the temperature of the battery cell 12b on the center side is higher than the temperature of the battery cell 12a on the end side. In other words, in the non-temperature-controlled state, when the end-side battery cell 12a and the center-side battery cell 12b are used under predetermined conditions, a temperature difference occurs between the end-side battery cell 12a and the center-side battery cell 12b due to heat generation caused by charging and discharging of the end-side battery cell 12a and the center-side battery cell 12 b. The non-temperature-controlled state is a state in which the temperature of each of the end battery cells 12a and the center battery cells 12b is not controlled by the coolant.
The temperature difference between the end-side battery cell 12a and the center-side battery cell 12b in the non-temperature-controlled state is the difference between the temperature of the end-side battery cell 12a and the temperature of the center-side battery cell 12b measured in a state where no coolant is flowing. The battery temperature control device 1 of the present embodiment always flows the cooling liquid under a predetermined use condition in which the amount of heat generated by each battery cell 12 is large, but the cooling liquid may not always flow. In short, the battery temperature control device according to the present invention is applicable to both a battery temperature control device that always allows a heat medium to flow therethrough under predetermined use conditions and a battery temperature control device that allows or does not allow a heat medium to flow therethrough under predetermined use conditions.
As shown in fig. 8, in the battery temperature control apparatus J1 of comparative example 1, the coolant circuit is configured such that the coolant is equally distributed to the heat exchangers 15. Therefore, the heat transfer amount between each battery cell 12 and the coolant is substantially the same. The other structure of the battery temperature control apparatus J1 of comparative example 1 is the same as that of the battery temperature control apparatus 1 of the present embodiment.
Under predetermined use conditions in which the amount of heat generated by each battery cell 12 is large, the battery temperature control device J1 of comparative example 1 operates in the battery cooling mode. In this case, as shown in fig. 9, after the plurality of battery cells 12 are cooled, the plurality of battery cells 12 also have a temperature distribution in each battery module 11 in which the temperature of the battery cell 12b on the center side is higher than the temperature of the battery cell 12a on the end side. Numbers 1 to 32 of the temperature measurement positions on the horizontal axis in fig. 9 correspond to numbers 1 to 32 in the boxes added to the plurality of temperature sensors 41 in fig. 8.
In contrast, in the present embodiment, as described above, the battery temperature control device 1 of the present embodiment operates in the battery cooling mode under predetermined use conditions in which the amount of heat generated by each battery cell 12 is large. In this cooling mode, steps S26 and S29 in fig. 6 are performed. Thus, as shown in fig. 10, the flow rate control valve 22 increases the 2 nd flow rate L2 of the 2 nd flow path 26 to be larger than the 1 st flow rate L1 of the 1 st flow path 25, so that the temperature difference between the end side cell 12a and the center side cell 12b is reduced. Therefore, the 2 nd heat conduction amount between the battery cell 12b on the center side and the coolant is larger than the 1 st heat conduction amount between the battery cell 12a on the end side and the coolant. Thus, according to the present embodiment, the temperature of the battery cell 12b on the center side cooled by the coolant can be reduced as compared with comparative example 1.
In this way, the flow rate adjustment valve 22 adjusts the 1 st heat transfer amount between the battery cell 12a on the end side and the coolant and the 2 nd heat transfer amount between the battery cell 12b on the center side and the coolant so that the temperature difference between the battery cell 12a on the end side and the battery cell 12b on the center side cooled by the coolant becomes smaller than that in the non-temperature-adjusted state under the predetermined use condition. Therefore, the temperature of the center battery cell 12b and the temperature of the end battery cells 12a cooled by the coolant can be made to be close to the same temperature. As a result, the temperatures of the plurality of battery cells 12 in the battery pack 10 can be made nearly uniform. In the present embodiment, the flow rate adjustment valve 22 corresponds to a heat conduction amount adjustment portion provided in the heat medium circuit.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 11, according to the present embodiment, after the plurality of battery cells 12 are cooled, the temperature difference between the battery cell 12b on the center side and the battery cell 12a on the end side can be reduced. Numbers 1 to 32 of the temperature measurement positions on the horizontal axis in fig. 11 correspond to numbers 1 to 32 in the boxes added to the plurality of temperature sensors 41 in fig. 10.
Fig. 9 and 11 show the results of detecting the temperature of each battery cell 12 during rapid charging, and show the results of the same battery usage conditions. In comparative example 1, the temperature difference between the battery cell 12b on the center side and the battery cell 12a on the end side was 5.3 ℃. In contrast, in the present embodiment, the temperature difference is 1.3 ℃ at most.
It is known that degradation of the battery cells 12 is promoted if the temperature of the battery cells 12 becomes high. According to the present embodiment, the temperatures of the plurality of battery cells 12 in the battery pack 10 can be made nearly uniform. It is possible to prevent a local high-temperature portion from being generated in the plurality of battery cells 12 in the battery pack 10. Therefore, deterioration of the battery cells 12 can be suppressed.
When predetermined use conditions for heating the battery cells 12 are required, the battery temperature control device J1 of comparative example 1 operates in the heating mode. In this case, although not shown, the plurality of battery cells 12 after heating have a temperature distribution in each battery module 11 in which the temperature of the battery cell 12b on the center side is higher than the temperature of the battery cell 12a on the end side.
In contrast, in the battery heating mode of the battery temperature control device 1 of the present embodiment, when the temperature difference between the battery cell 12b on the center side and the battery cell 12a on the end side is larger than the predetermined value, the flow rate of the heated coolant flowing into the 1 st heat exchanger 15a is made larger than the flow rate of the heated coolant flowing into the 2 nd heat exchanger 15b by the flow rate adjustment valve 22. Thus, the 1 st heat conduction amount between the end-side battery cell 12a and the coolant is made larger than the 2 nd heat conduction amount between the center-side battery cell 12b and the coolant. In this way, even under the predetermined use conditions, the flow rate adjustment valve 22 adjusts the 1 st heat transfer amount between the battery cell 12a on the end side and the coolant and the 2 nd heat transfer amount between the battery cell 12b on the center side and the coolant so that the temperature difference between the battery cell 12a on the end side and the battery cell 12b on the center side heated by the coolant becomes smaller than that in the non-temperature-adjusted state in the battery heating mode.
This makes it possible to bring the temperature of the center battery cell 12b and the temperature of the end battery cells 12a close to the same temperature after heating with the coolant. As a result, the temperatures of the plurality of battery cells 12 in the battery pack 10 can be made nearly uniform.
Here, fig. 12 shows a relationship between the flow rate distribution ratio of the flow rate adjustment valve 22 and the temperature difference between the center battery cell 12b and the end battery cells 12a in the battery cooling mode of the battery temperature control device 1 of the present embodiment. FIG. 12 shows the results of the experiment when the total flow rate of the coolant circuit 20 was 30L/min. On the vertical axis of fig. 12, the temperature difference when the temperature of the center battery cell 12b is higher than that of the end battery cell 12a is represented by a positive value. The temperature difference when the temperature of the center battery cell 12b is lower than that of the end battery cell 12a is represented by a negative value. On the horizontal axis of fig. 12, the numbers arranged above and below represent the ratio of the flow rate of the coolant flowing through the 1 st channel 25 to the flow rate of the coolant flowing through the 2 nd channel 26. The numerical values arranged above and below are values in which the ratio of the flow rate of each flow path to the total flow rate is expressed by percentage. The sum of the flow rates of both is 100%. The flow rate of the cooling liquid is a volume flow rate.
The flow rate of the coolant flowing through the 1 st channel 25 is the 1 st flow rate of the coolant passing through the 1 st outflow portion 222 of the flow rate adjustment valve 22. The flow rate of the coolant flowing through the 2 nd flow channel 26 is the 2 nd flow rate of the coolant passing through the 2 nd outflow portion 223 of the flow rate adjustment valve 22. The 1 st outflow portion 222 corresponds to the 1 st communication portion communicating with the 1 st flow path 25. The 2 nd outflow portion 223 corresponds to the 2 nd communication portion communicating with the 2 nd flow path 26.
As shown in fig. 12, the smaller the flow rate of the coolant flowing through the 1 st channel 25, the smaller the temperature difference. However, if the flow rate of the coolant flowing through the 1 st channel 25 is less than 1%, the temperature of the end side battery cell 12a is higher than that of the center side battery cell 12b, and the temperature difference is larger than 2 ℃.
Therefore, under the predetermined use conditions, the flow rate adjustment valve 22 adjusts the flow rate of the coolant flowing through the 1 st channel 25 and the flow rate of the coolant flowing through the 2 nd channel 26 so that the flow rate of the coolant flowing through the 1 st channel 25 becomes 5% or less and 1% or more, respectively, as shown in fig. 12. At this time, the total of the flow rate of the coolant flowing through the 1 st channel 25 and the flow rate of the coolant flowing through the 2 nd channel 26 is the total flow rate of the coolant circuit 20. This makes it possible to bring the temperature difference after cooling to within. + -. 2 ℃.
In order to bring the temperature difference after cooling to within ± 2 ℃, the flow rate of the cooling liquid flowing through the 1 st channel 25 may be adjusted to be within a range of 3% ± 2% with respect to the total flow rate. The 3% is the median value in the range of 5% or less and 1% or more. When flow rate adjustment is performed within a desired flow rate adjustment range, the practical flow rate adjustment accuracy is 1/10 of the flow rate adjustment range. When the flow rate adjustment range is ± 2%, the required flow rate adjustment accuracy is ± 0.2%. Therefore, by using the flow rate adjustment valve 22 having the flow rate adjustment accuracy within ± 0.2%, it is possible to adjust a minute flow rate of 5% or less and 1% or more of the total flow rate.
Further, if the total flow rate of the coolant circuit 20 is close to 30L/min, it is estimated that the same result as the above result is obtained even when the flow rate is other than 30L/min.
(embodiment 2)
As shown in fig. 13, 14, and 15, in the battery temperature control device 1 according to the present embodiment, each of the plurality of heat exchangers is a Serpentine (Serpentine) heat exchanger 50. Each of the plurality of battery modules 11 is provided with 1 heat exchanger 50. The other configurations of the present embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1.
As shown in fig. 14 and 15, in 1 battery module 11, a plurality of battery cells 12 are arranged in the thickness direction. The plurality of battery cells 12 are stacked with a part of the heat exchanger 50 interposed between the adjacent battery cells 12. The plurality of battery cells 12 are bound by end plates 13 and side plates 14, as in embodiment 1.
The heat exchanger 50 forms a heat exchange flow path 51 through which the coolant passes between the adjacent battery cells 12 and in which the coolant flows in a meandering manner. Specifically, the heat exchanger 50 includes a plurality of intermediate unit sections 52 and a plurality of connection sections 53.
Each of the plurality of inter-cell portions 52 is a portion disposed between 2 adjacent battery cells 12 among the plurality of battery cells 12. The plurality of inter-cell portions 52 are arranged in the longitudinal direction D1 at intervals at which 1 battery cell 12 can be provided. The longer direction of the inter-cell portion 52 coincides with the width direction D2. The shorter direction of the inter-cell portion 52 coincides with the height direction D3.
The plurality of coupling portions 53 couple the adjacent 2 inter-cell portions 52, respectively. The plurality of coupling portions 53 are alternately positioned on one side and the other side in the width direction D2 with respect to the inter-cell portion 52 in the longitudinal direction D1. Each of the plurality of coupling portions 53 changes the direction of the flow of the coolant in each of the 2 inter-cell portions 52 adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction D1 to the opposite direction.
A flow path of the coolant connected to the heat exchange flow path 51 of the heat exchanger 50 is formed in 2 end plates 13 included in 1 battery module 11. An inflow portion 54 of the coolant is provided in one end plate 13. The other end plate 13 is provided with a coolant outflow portion 55.
In the 1 battery module 11, the coolant flowing into the heat exchange flow path 51 from the inflow portion 54 flows in a meandering manner from one side to the other side in the longitudinal direction D1, and then flows out from the outflow portion 55. At this time, the coolant flows between the adjacent battery cells 12. Therefore, the temperature difference between the plurality of battery cells 12 is small in 1 battery module 11.
As shown in fig. 13, the plurality of battery modules 11 are arranged in the longitudinal direction D1 and the width direction D2, respectively. In the present embodiment, 8 battery modules 11 are used as the plurality of battery modules 11. In the longitudinal direction D1, 2 battery modules 11 are arranged. In the width direction D2, 4 battery modules 11 are arranged.
In the present embodiment, the heat exchanger 50 of the end side module 11a positioned on the end side in the width direction D2 among the plurality of battery modules 11 is the 1 st heat exchanger 50 a. The 1 st heat exchanger 50a exchanges heat between the plurality of battery cells 12c included in the end side module 11a and the coolant. The heat exchanger 50 of the center side module 11b located on the center side in the width direction D2 among the plurality of battery modules 11 is the 2 nd heat exchanger 50 b. The 2 nd heat exchanger 50b exchanges heat between the plurality of battery cells 12d included in the center module 11b and the coolant.
In the present embodiment, each of the plurality of battery cells 12c included in the end side module 11a corresponds to the 1 st battery cell. The 1 st heat exchanger 50a corresponds to the 1 st heat exchange unit. The plurality of battery cells 12d of the center side module 11b correspond to the 2 nd battery cell, respectively. The 2 nd heat exchanger 50b corresponds to the 2 nd heat exchange unit.
Like the plurality of 1 st heat exchangers 15a of embodiment 1, the plurality of 1 st heat exchangers 50a are connected to the 1 st flow path 25 of the coolant circuit 20. Specifically, the inflow portion 54 of each 1 st heat exchanger 50a is connected to the inflow-side 1 st flow path 251. The outflow portion 55 of each 1 st heat exchanger 50a is connected to the outflow-side 1 st flow path 252.
The plurality of 2 nd heat exchangers 50b are connected to the 2 nd flow path 26 of the coolant circuit 20, similarly to the plurality of 2 nd heat exchangers 15b of embodiment 1. Specifically, the inflow portion 54 of each 2 nd heat exchanger 50b is connected to the inflow side 2 nd flow path 261. The outflow portion 55 of each 2 nd heat exchanger 50b is connected to the outflow-side 2 nd flow path 262.
The flow rate of the coolant flowing into each of the 1 st heat exchanger 50a and the 2 nd heat exchanger 50b is adjusted by the flow rate adjustment valve 22.
FIG. 16 shows the detected temperatures of the temperature sensors 41 at the temperature measurement positions with numbers 1 to 4 in the square boxes in FIG. 13. The detected temperatures at the numbers 1 and 4 of the temperature measurement positions are the temperatures of the battery cells 12c of the end side module 11 a. The detected temperatures at the numbers 2 and 3 of the temperature measurement positions are the temperatures of the battery cells 12d of the center side module 11 b.
As shown in fig. 16, the plurality of battery cells 12 of the battery pack 10 of the present embodiment has a temperature distribution in which the temperature of each battery cell 12d of the center side module 11b is higher than the temperature of each battery cell 12c of the end side module 11 a. This temperature distribution is a temperature distribution under a predetermined use condition in which the amount of heat generated by each battery cell 12 is large, such as during rapid battery charging. This temperature distribution is a temperature distribution in a non-temperature-regulated state in which the temperature of each battery cell 12 of the battery pack 10 is not regulated by the coolant. In other words, in the non-temperature-controlled state, when the battery cells 12c of the end side module 11a and the battery cells 12d of the center side module 11b are used under predetermined conditions, a temperature difference occurs between the battery cells 12c of the end side module 11a and the battery cells 12d of the center side module 11b due to heat generation caused by charging and discharging of the battery cells 12c and 12 d.
In the present embodiment, the control unit 42 also performs the same control processing as in embodiment 1. The battery cell 12c of the end side module 11a corresponds to the end side battery cell 12a of embodiment 1. The battery cell 12d of the center side module 11b corresponds to the battery cell 12b on the center side of embodiment 1.
Therefore, the flow rate adjustment valve 22 adjusts the 1 st heat transfer amount between the battery cells 12c of the end side module 11a and the coolant and the 2 nd heat transfer amount between the battery cells 12d of the center side module 11b and the coolant under the predetermined use condition so that the temperature difference between the battery cells 12c of the end side module 11a and the battery cells 12d of the center side module 11b, the temperature of which is adjusted by the coolant, becomes smaller than that in the non-temperature-adjusted state. Thus, the same effects as those of embodiment 1 can be obtained by this embodiment as well.
(embodiment 3)
In the battery temperature control device 1 of the present embodiment, the configurations shown in fig. 17 and 18 are added to the battery temperature control device 1 of embodiment 1.
As shown in fig. 18, in each battery module 11, a plurality of battery cells 12 are provided with recesses 61, respectively, to form a plurality of spaces 60 surrounded by 2 adjacent battery cells 12 and the heat exchanger 15. The plurality of spaces 60 are respectively filled with a thermal conductivity promoting material 62. Each thermal conductivity promoting material 62 is filled so as to be in contact with both the battery cell 12 and the heat exchanger 15. Each thermal conductivity facilitating material 62 is a material having a higher thermal conductivity than the package of the battery cell 12. As each thermal conductivity facilitating material 62, a thermal conductive gel or the like is used.
The filling amount of the thermal conduction promoting material 62 is different in the 1 st thermal conduction promoting material 62a filled in the concave portion 61 of the battery cell 12a on the end side and the 2 nd thermal conduction promoting material 62b filled in the concave portion 61 of the battery cell 12b on the center side among the plurality of thermal conduction promoting materials 62. That is, the filling amount of the 2 nd heat conduction promoting material 62b is larger than that of the 1 st heat conduction promoting material 62 a. Therefore, the area of the 2 nd contact surface S2, which is the contact surface between the center cell 12b and the 2 nd heat conduction promoting material 62b, is larger than the area of the 1 st contact surface S1, which is the contact surface between the end cell 12a and the 1 st heat conduction promoting material 62 a.
In the present embodiment, heat moves between the battery cell 12 and the heat exchanger 15 mainly via the thermal conductivity promoting material 62. Thus, the 1 st contact surface S1 is a surface of the 1 st battery cell that mainly contributes to heat conduction between the battery cell 12a on the end side and the 1 st heat exchanger 15 a. The area of the 1 st contact surface S1 corresponds to the 1 st heat transfer area. Further, the 2 nd contact surface S2 is a surface of the 2 nd battery cell that mainly contributes to heat conduction between the battery cell 12b on the center side and the 2 nd heat exchanger 15 b. The area of the 2 nd contact surface S2 corresponds to the 2 nd heat transfer area.
Since the area of the 2 nd contact surface S2 is larger than that of the 1 st contact surface S1, the thermal resistance between the battery cell 12b on the center side and the 2 nd heat exchanger 15b is smaller than that between the battery cell 12a on the end side and the 1 st heat exchanger 15 a. That is, the 2 nd heat conduction amount between the battery cell 12b on the center side and the coolant is larger than the 1 st heat conduction amount between the battery cell 12a on the end side and the coolant. Therefore, heat exchange between the battery cell 12b on the center side and the coolant can be promoted more than heat exchange between the battery cell 12a on the end side and the coolant.
In the present embodiment, the area of the 1 st contact surface S1 and the area of the 2 nd contact surface S2 are set to different sizes so that the temperature difference between the end-side battery cell 12a and the center-side battery cell 12b cooled by the coolant is minimized when the coolant is distributed equally to the heat exchangers 15 under the maximum heat generation condition. The maximum heat generation condition is a predetermined use condition in which the amount of heat generated by each battery cell 12 is the maximum. Therefore, the control unit 42 may not change the flow rate distribution ratio from the initial setting in the maximum heat generation condition.
According to the present embodiment, even when the coolant is distributed equally to the heat exchangers 15, the 2 nd heat transfer amount between the battery cell 12b on the center side and the coolant can be made larger than the 1 st heat transfer amount between the battery cell 12a on the end side and the coolant. Thus, in the present embodiment, as in embodiment 1, the temperature equalization effect can be obtained in which the temperature of the center battery cell 12b and the temperature of the end battery cells 12a after cooling can be brought close to the same temperature.
In this way, in the present embodiment, the area of the 1 st contact surface S1 and the area of the 2 nd contact surface S2 are adjusted to different sizes. Thus, the 1 st heat conduction amount and the 2 nd heat conduction amount are adjusted so that the temperature difference between the end-side battery cell 12a and the center-side battery cell 12b cooled by the coolant becomes smaller than in the non-temperature-adjusted state. In the present embodiment, the 1 st heat conduction promoting material 62a and the 2 nd heat conduction promoting material 62b correspond to a heat conduction area adjustment portion that adjusts the 1 st heat conduction area and the 2 nd heat conduction area to different sizes. Further, the 1 st and 2 nd heat conduction promoting materials 62a and 62b correspond to a heat conduction amount adjusting portion that adjusts the 1 st and 2 nd heat conduction amounts between the 1 st and 2 nd battery cells and the heat medium under predetermined use conditions so that the temperature difference between the 1 st and 2 nd battery cells after the temperature adjustment by the heat medium becomes smaller than that in the non-temperature-adjusted state. Thus, in the present embodiment, the battery pack 10 includes a heat conductivity adjustment portion.
Further, according to the present embodiment, heat exchange between the battery cell 12b on the center side and the coolant is promoted as compared with the case where the area of the 1 st contact surface S1 and the area of the 2 nd contact surface S2 are the same. Therefore, as compared with the case where the area of the 1 st contact surface S1 is the same as the area of the 2 nd contact surface S2, the load on the electric pump 21 required to make the temperature of the battery cell 12b on the center side the same target temperature can be reduced. This can reduce the power of the electric pump 21 or reduce the cost by using a smaller capacity electric pump 21.
In the case of the heat generation conditions other than the maximum heat generation condition, a high temperature equalization effect cannot be obtained only by the difference between the area of the 1 st contact surface S1 and the area of the 2 nd contact surface S2. Therefore, in the case of the heat generation conditions other than the maximum heat generation condition, the controller 42 adjusts the flow rate distribution ratio by the flow rate adjustment valve 22 so that the temperature difference between the end side battery cell 12a and the center side battery cell 12b becomes small, as in embodiment 1. This can provide a high temperature equalization effect even under heat generation conditions other than the maximum heat generation condition.
In addition, according to the present embodiment, the area of the 1 st contact surface S1 and the area of the 2 nd contact surface S2 are set to different sizes so that the temperature difference between the end-side battery cell 12a and the center-side battery cell 12b cooled by the coolant is minimized under the maximum heat generation condition. Therefore, compared to embodiment 1 in which the area of the 1 st contact surface S1 is the same as the area of the 2 nd contact surface S2, the flow rate adjustment range of the flow rate adjustment valve 22 required to reduce the temperature difference between the end side cell 12a and the center side cell 12b can be reduced.
In the battery heating mode, the control unit 42 adjusts the flow rate distribution ratio so that the temperature difference between the end-side battery cell 12a and the center-side battery cell 12b heated by the coolant is small, as in embodiment 1. This can provide a high temperature equalization effect even in the battery heating mode.
In the present embodiment, the coolant circuit 20 includes a flow rate adjustment valve 22. However, the coolant circuit 20 may not have the flow rate adjustment valve 22. In this case, the temperatures of the plurality of battery cells 12 cooled by the coolant can be made closer to the same temperature, as compared with the case where the area of the 1 st contact surface S1 is the same as the area of the 2 nd contact surface S2.
In the present embodiment, for the purpose of temperature equalization in the battery cooling mode, the area of the 2 nd contact surface S2 of the center cell 12b is set to be larger than the area of the 1 st contact surface S1 of the end cell 12 a. However, the area of the 1 st contact surface S1 may be set larger than the area of the 2 nd contact surface S2 for the purpose of temperature equalization in the battery heating mode.
(embodiment 4)
In the battery temperature control device 1 of the present embodiment, the configuration of the plurality of heat exchangers 15 is changed from the battery temperature control device 1 of embodiment 1. The other structure is the same as embodiment 1.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 19, 20, and 21, in the present embodiment, the number of the 1 st heat exchange flow path 16a of the 1 st heat exchanger 15a and the 2 nd heat exchange flow path 16b of the 2 nd heat exchanger 15b are different. That is, as shown in fig. 19, the number of flow paths located below the battery module 11 in the 2 nd heat exchange flow path 16b is larger than the number of flow paths located below the battery module 11 in the 1 st heat exchange flow path 16 a.
Thus, the total area of the wall surfaces 161 constituting the heat exchange flow path 16 differs between the 1 st heat exchanger 15a and the 2 nd heat exchanger 15 b. That is, the total area of the 2 nd wall surface 161b constituting the 2 nd heat exchange passage 16b is larger than the total area of the 1 st wall surface 161a constituting the 1 st heat exchange passage 16 a. The total area of the 2 nd wall surface 161b is the 2 nd contact area of the 2 nd heat exchanger 15b with the coolant. The total area of the 1 st wall surface 161a is the 1 st contact area of the 1 st heat exchanger 15a with the coolant.
Therefore, the heat exchange performance of the 2 nd heat exchanger 15b is higher than that of the 1 st heat exchanger 15 a. That is, the 2 nd heat conduction amount between the battery cell 12b on the center side and the coolant is larger than the 1 st heat conduction amount between the battery cell 12a on the end side and the coolant. This can promote heat exchange between the battery cell 12b on the center side and the coolant more than heat exchange between the battery cell 12a on the end side and the coolant.
In the present embodiment, the total area of the 1 st wall surface 161a and the total area of the 2 nd wall surface 161b are set to different sizes so that the temperature difference between the end-side battery cell 12a and the center-side battery cell 12b cooled by the coolant becomes minimum when the coolant is distributed equally to the heat exchangers 15 under the maximum heat generation condition. Therefore, the control unit 42 may not change the flow rate distribution ratio from the initial setting in the maximum heat generation condition.
According to the present embodiment, even when the coolant is distributed equally to the heat exchangers 15, the 2 nd heat transfer amount between the battery cell 12b on the center side and the coolant can be made larger than the 1 st heat transfer amount between the battery cell 12a on the end side and the coolant, as compared with the case where the total area of the 1 st wall surface 161a and the total area of the 2 nd wall surface 161b are the same. Thus, the present embodiment can also obtain the same temperature equalization effect as embodiment 1.
In this way, in the present embodiment, the total area of the 1 st wall surface 161a and the total area of the 2 nd wall surface 161b are adjusted to different sizes. Thus, the 1 st heat conduction amount and the 2 nd heat conduction amount are adjusted so that the temperature difference between the end-side battery cell 12a and the center-side battery cell 12b cooled by the coolant becomes smaller than that in the non-temperature-adjusted state. In the present embodiment, the 1 st wall surface 161a and the 2 nd wall surface 161b correspond to contact area adjusting portions for adjusting the 1 st contact area between the 1 st heat exchanging unit and the heating medium and the 2 nd contact area between the 2 nd heat exchanging unit and the heating medium to different sizes. Further, the 1 st wall surface 161a and the 2 nd wall surface 161b correspond to a heat conduction amount adjustment portion that adjusts the 1 st heat conduction amount between the 1 st battery cell and the heat medium and the 2 nd heat conduction amount between the 2 nd battery cell and the heat medium under predetermined use conditions so that the temperature difference between the 1 st battery cell and the 2 nd battery cell after temperature adjustment by the heat medium becomes smaller than that in the non-temperature-adjusted state. Thus, in the present embodiment, the battery pack 10 includes a heat conductivity adjustment portion.
Further, according to the present embodiment, heat exchange between the battery cells 12b on the center side and the coolant is promoted as compared with the case where the total area of the 1 st wall surface 161a is the same as the total area of the 2 nd wall surface 161 b. Therefore, the load on the electric pump 21 required to bring the temperature of the battery cell 12b on the center side to the same target temperature can be reduced as compared with the case where the total area of the 1 st wall surface 161a is the same as the total area of the 2 nd wall surface 161 b. This can reduce the power of the electric pump 21 or reduce the cost by using a smaller capacity electric pump 21.
In the case of heat generation conditions other than the maximum heat generation condition, a high temperature equalization effect cannot be obtained only by the difference between the total area of the 1 st wall surface 161a and the total area of the 2 nd wall surface 161 b. Therefore, in the case of the heat generation conditions other than the maximum heat generation condition, the controller 42 adjusts the flow rate distribution ratio by the flow rate adjustment valve 22 so that the temperature difference between the end side battery cell 12a and the center side battery cell 12b becomes small, as in embodiment 1. This can provide a high temperature equalization effect even under heat generation conditions other than the maximum heat generation condition.
In addition, according to the present embodiment, the total area of the 1 st wall surface 161a and the total area of the 2 nd wall surface 161b are set to different sizes so that the temperature difference between the end-side battery cell 12a and the center-side battery cell 12b cooled by the coolant is minimized under the maximum heat generation condition. Therefore, compared to embodiment 1 in which the total area of the 1 st wall surface 161a and the total area of the 2 nd wall surface 161b are the same, the flow rate adjustment range of the flow rate adjustment valve 22 required to reduce the temperature difference between the end side battery cell 12a and the center side battery cell 12b can be narrowed.
In the battery heating mode, the control unit 42 adjusts the flow rate distribution ratio so that the temperature difference between the end side battery cell 12a and the center side battery cell 12b is small, as in embodiment 1. This can provide a high temperature equalization effect even in the battery heating mode.
In the present embodiment, the coolant circuit 20 includes a flow rate adjustment valve 22. However, the coolant circuit 20 may not have the flow rate adjustment valve 22. In this case, the temperatures of the plurality of battery cells 12 cooled by the coolant can be made closer to the same temperature, as compared with the case where the total area of the 1 st wall surface 161a and the total area of the 2 nd wall surface 161b are the same.
(embodiment 5)
As shown in fig. 22, the battery temperature control device 1 of the present embodiment includes a battery pack 10 and a coolant circuit 20. The structure of the battery pack 10 is the same as that of embodiment 1. The coolant circuit 20 includes an electric pump 21, a branching section 71, a flow path switching valve 72, a1 st flow path 73, a2 nd flow path 74, a flow path connecting section 75, a cooling section 23, and a heating section 24.
The branch portion 71 is connected to the discharge side of the electric pump 21. The branching section 71 branches the flow path on the discharge side of the electric pump 21 into 2 flow paths.
The flow path switching valve 72 switches the connection state of the 1 st flow path 73 and the 2 nd flow path 74. The flow path switching valve 72 has a1 st inflow flow path 721, a2 nd inflow flow path 722, a1 st outflow flow path 723, and a2 nd outflow flow path 724. The 1 st inflow channel 721 of the channel switching valve 72 is connected to one outflow side of the branch portion 71.
The 1 st flow path 73 allows the coolant discharged from the electric pump 21 to flow into the plurality of 1 st heat exchangers 15 a. The 1 st flow path 73 guides the coolant flowing out of the 1 st heat exchangers 15a to the flow path connection portion 75. Specifically, the 1 st flow path 73 includes an inflow side 1 st flow path 731 having one end connected to the inflow portion 17 of each 1 st heat exchanger 15a and an outflow side 1 st flow path 732 having one end connected to the outflow portion 18 of each 1 st heat exchanger 15 a. The other end side of the inflow side 1 st flow path 731 is connected to the 1 st outflow flow path 724 of the flow path switching valve 72. The inflow side 1 st flow path 731 approximately equally distributes the coolant flowing out of the 1 st outflow flow path 724 to flow into the 1 st heat exchangers 15 a. The other end of the outflow-side 1 st channel 732 is connected to the channel connection section 75. The outflow-side 1 st flow path 732 merges the coolant flowing out from each 1 st heat exchanger 15a and guides the merged coolant to the flow path connection portion 75.
The 2 nd flow path 74 allows the coolant discharged from the electric pump 21 to flow into the plurality of 2 nd heat exchangers 15 b. The 2 nd flow path 74 allows the coolant flowing out of the plurality of 2 nd heat exchangers 15b to flow. Specifically, the 2 nd flow path 74 includes an inflow 2 nd flow path 741 having one end connected to the inflow portion 17 of each 2 nd heat exchanger 15b and an outflow 2 nd flow path 742 having one end connected to the outflow portion 18 of each 2 nd heat exchanger 15 b. The other end side of the inflow-side 2 nd flow path 741 is connected to the other outflow side of the branching portion 71. The inflow-side 2 nd flow paths 741 distribute the coolant substantially equally and allow the coolant to flow into the 2 nd heat exchangers 15 b. The other end of the outflow-side 2 nd flow path 742 is connected to the 2 nd inflow flow path 722 of the flow path switching valve 72. The outflow-side 2 nd flow path 742 merges the coolant flowing out from the 2 nd heat exchangers 15b and guides the merged coolant to the 2 nd inflow flow path 722.
The inflow side of the flow path connecting portion 75 is connected to the other end side of the outflow side 1 st flow path 732 and the 1 st outflow flow path 723 of the flow path switching valve 72. The outflow side of the flow path connecting portion 75 is connected to the cooling portion 23.
As shown in fig. 23, the flow path switching valve 72 is a rotary valve having a housing 725 and a valve 726. A valve 726 is housed inside the housing 725. The housing 725 is cylindrical. The housing 725 has a1 st inflow channel 721, a2 nd inflow channel 722, a1 st outflow channel 723, and a2 nd outflow channel 724 formed therein. The valve 726 is cylindrical. The valve 726 is formed with 2 connection flow paths 727 and 728 for selectively connecting the 2 inflow flow paths 721 and 722 and the 2 outflow flow paths 723 and 724. The valve 726 rotates about the axial center, and selectively connects the 2 inflow passages 721 and 722 and the 2 outflow passages 723 and 724.
As shown in fig. 24, the flow path switching valve 72 is switched to any one of the 1 st state, the 2 nd state, and the 3 rd state. The 1 st state is a state in which the 1 st inflow channel 721 and the 2 nd outflow channel 724 are in conduction, and the 2 nd inflow channel 722 and the 1 st outflow channel 723 are in conduction. The 2 nd state is a state in which the 2 nd inflow channel 722 and the 2 nd outflow channel 724 are conductive, and the 1 st outflow channel 723 are blocked. The 3 rd state is a state in which the 1 st inflow channel 721 and the 2 nd outflow channel 724 are conductive, the 2 nd inflow channel 722 and the 2 nd outflow channel 724 are conductive, and the 1 st outflow channel 723 is blocked.
As shown in fig. 25, when the flow path switching valve 72 is in the 1 st state, the coolant circuit 20 is in a parallel connection state in which the 1 st flow path 73 and the 2 nd flow path 74 are connected in parallel. That is, the plurality of 1 st heat exchangers 15a and the plurality of 2 nd heat exchangers 15b are connected in parallel. At this time, as indicated by arrows in fig. 25, the coolant discharged from the electric pump 21 is branched at the branching portion 71 and flows through the 1 st flow path 73 and the 2 nd flow path 74, respectively. The coolant is branched substantially equally at the branching portion 71. Thereby, the coolant of substantially the same flow rate, the temperature of which is adjusted, flows into each 1 st heat exchanger 15a and each 2 nd heat exchanger 15 b. Then, the coolant flowing through the 1 st channel 73 and the coolant flowing through the 2 nd channel 74 join at the channel connection portion 75. The coolant merged at the flow path connecting portion 75 is subjected to temperature adjustment by the cooling portion 23 or the heating portion 24, and then is sucked by the electric pump 21.
As shown in fig. 26, when the passage switching valve 72 is in the 2 nd state, the coolant circuit 20 is in a series connection state in which the 1 st passage 73 and the 2 nd passage 74 are connected in series. That is, the 1 st heat exchanger 15a and the 2 nd heat exchanger 15b are connected in series. At this time, as shown by arrows in fig. 26, the coolant discharged from the electric pump 21 flows through the branching portion 71, the 2 nd flow path 74, the flow path switching valve 72, the 1 st flow path 73, and the flow path connecting portion 75 in this order. Thereby, the coolant whose temperature has been adjusted flows into each 2 nd heat exchanger 15b, and exchanges heat with the battery cell 12b on the center side. The coolant heat-exchanged in each 2 nd heat exchanger 15b flows into each 1 st heat exchanger 15a, and exchanges heat with the battery cells 12a on the end side. Then, the coolant flowing out of the 1 st flow path 73 is subjected to temperature adjustment by the cooling unit 23 or the heating unit 24, and then is sucked into the electric pump 21.
As shown in fig. 27, when the passage switching valve 72 is in the 3 rd state, the 1 st passage 73 and the 2 nd passage 74 of the coolant circuit 20 are in an intermediate connection state between the series connection and the parallel connection. At this time, as shown by arrows in fig. 27, the coolant discharged from the electric pump 21 is branched into one and the other at the branching portion 71. The coolant branched at the branching portion 71 flows into the 1 st flow path 73 via the flow path switching valve 72. The other coolant branched at the branching portion 71 flows through the 2 nd flow path 74, then flows into the flow path switching valve 72, and merges with the coolant flowing toward the 1 st flow path 73. The coolant flowing out of the 1 st flow path 73 is temperature-adjusted by the cooling unit 23 or the heating unit 24 and then sucked into the electric pump 21.
Fig. 28 is a diagram showing a relationship between each state of the flow path switching valve 72 and the temperature of the coolant on the inflow side of each heat exchanger 15. In each state, the coolant temperature on the left side is the coolant temperature on the inflow side of the 1 st heat exchanger 15 a. The coolant temperature on the right side is the coolant temperature on the inflow side of the 2 nd heat exchanger 15 b.
In the 1 st state, the coolant flows through the 1 st heat exchangers 15a and the 2 nd heat exchangers 15b at substantially the same flow rate. Therefore, the temperature of the coolant at the inflow side of each 1 st heat exchanger 15a is substantially the same as the temperature of the coolant at the inflow side of each 2 nd heat exchanger 15 b.
In the 2 nd state, all of the coolant flowing out of the 2 nd flow path 74 flows into the 1 st flow path 73. Therefore, the coolant temperature at the inflow side of each 1 st heat exchanger 15a is higher than the coolant temperature at the inflow side of each 2 nd heat exchanger 15 b. The temperature difference between the coolant flowing into the 1 st heat exchanger 15a and the coolant flowing into the 2 nd heat exchanger 15b is the largest in the 2 nd state.
In this way, the flow path switching valve 72 is a switching valve that switches between the 1 st state of the coolant circuit 20 in which the 1 st heat exchangers 15a and the 2 nd heat exchangers 15b are connected in parallel and the 2 nd state of the coolant circuit 20 in which the 1 st heat exchangers 15a and the 2 nd heat exchangers 15b are connected in series. When the coolant circuit 20 is set to the 2 nd state by the flow path switching valve 72, the coolant having been heat-exchanged and increased in temperature in each 2 nd heat exchanger 15b flows into each 1 st heat exchanger 15 a. This allows a temperature difference to be formed between the coolant flowing into each 1 st heat exchanger 15a and the coolant flowing into each 2 nd heat exchanger 15 b. Thus, the flow path switching valve 72 corresponds to a temperature difference forming portion.
In the 3 rd state, the coolant after heat exchange in each 2 nd heat exchanger 15b joins the coolant heading for the 1 st flow path 73. Therefore, the coolant temperature at the inflow side of each 1 st heat exchanger 15a is higher than the coolant temperature at the inflow side of each 2 nd heat exchanger 15 b. However, the temperature difference between the coolant on the inflow side of each 1 st heat exchanger 15a and the coolant on the inflow side of each 2 nd heat exchanger 15b is smaller than the temperature difference in the 2 nd state.
The battery temperature control apparatus 1 includes a plurality of temperature sensors 41 and a control unit 42, as in embodiment 1. However, in the present embodiment, the control unit 42 switches the state of the flow path switching valve 72 based on the detection results of the plurality of temperature sensors 41. Thereby, the temperature of the coolant distributed to the 1 st channel 25 and the 2 nd channel 26 is controlled.
The control process in the battery cooling mode will be described below. As shown in fig. 29, in step S31, the controller 42 acquires the 1 st cell temperature Tc1 and acquires the 2 nd cell temperature Tc 2. This step S31 is the same as step S24 of fig. 6.
Next, in step S32, it is determined whether the temperature difference between the 2 nd cell temperature Tc2 and the 1 st cell temperature Tc1 (i.e., Tc 2-Tc 1) is greater than the 1 st threshold Δ T0. When Tc2 to Tc1 are equal to or less than the 1 st threshold Δ T0, the controller 42 determines no and proceeds to step S33. In step S33, the control unit 42 sets the flow path switching valve 72 to the 1 st state, and ends the present process.
Thus, when the temperature difference between the center cell 12b and the end cell 12a is small, the 1 st flow path 73 and the 2 nd flow path 74 are connected in parallel. Therefore, in this case, a temperature difference is not formed between the coolant flowing into each 1 st heat exchanger 15a and the coolant flowing into each 2 nd heat exchanger 15 b. Alternatively, the temperature difference between the coolant at the inflow side of each 1 st heat exchanger 15a and the coolant at the inflow side of each 2 nd heat exchanger 15b is minimized.
On the other hand, when Tc 2-Tc 1 is greater than the 1 st threshold Δ T0 in step S32, the controller 42 determines yes and proceeds to step S34.
In step S34, the control unit 42 further determines whether Tc 2-Tc 1 is greater than the 2 nd threshold Δ T2. The 2 nd threshold value Δ T2 is a value larger than the 1 st threshold value Δ T0. When Tc2 to Tc1 are equal to or less than the 2 nd threshold Δ T2, the controller 42 determines no and proceeds to step S35. In step S35, the control unit 42 sets the flow path switching valve 72 to the 3 rd state, and ends the present process.
Thus, when the temperature difference between the center cell 12b and the end cell 12a is greater than the 1 st threshold value Δ T0 and equal to or less than the 2 nd threshold value Δ T2, the flow path switching valve 72 connects the 1 st flow path 73 and the 2 nd flow path 74 to each other. Therefore, the coolant temperature at the inflow side of each 1 st heat exchanger 15a is higher than the coolant temperature at the inflow side of each 2 nd heat exchanger 15 b. That is, the 2 nd heat conduction amount between the battery cell 12b on the center side and the coolant is larger than the 1 st heat conduction amount between the battery cell 12a on the end side and the coolant. This embodiment also provides the same effects as those of embodiment 1.
On the other hand, when Tc 2-Tc 1 is greater than the 2 nd threshold Δ T2 in step S34, the controller 42 determines yes and proceeds to step S36. In step S36, the control unit 42 sets the flow path switching valve 72 to the 2 nd state, and ends the present process.
Thus, when the temperature difference between the center cell 12b and the end cell 12a is larger than the 2 nd threshold value Δ T2, the flow path switching valve 72 connects the 1 st flow path 73 and the 2 nd flow path 74 in series. Therefore, the coolant temperature at the inflow side of each 1 st heat exchanger 15a is higher than the coolant temperature at the inflow side of each 2 nd heat exchanger 15 b. That is, the 2 nd heat conduction amount between the battery cell 12b on the center side and the coolant is larger than the 1 st heat conduction amount between the battery cell 12a on the end side and the coolant. Thus, according to the present embodiment, the same effects as those of embodiment 1 can be obtained.
In this way, the flow path switching valve 72 adjusts the 1 st heat transfer amount between the end-side battery cell 12a and the coolant and the 2 nd heat transfer amount between the center-side battery cell 12b and the coolant so that the temperature difference between the end-side battery cell 12a and the center-side battery cell 12b cooled by the coolant becomes smaller than that in the non-temperature-controlled state under the predetermined use condition. Thus, the flow path switching valve 72 corresponds to a heat conduction amount adjustment unit included in the heat medium circuit.
In the present embodiment, when the temperature difference is larger than the 2 nd threshold value Δ T2, the 1 st heat exchanger 15a and the 2 nd heat exchanger 15b are connected in series. In this case, the flow rate of the coolant flowing through the 2 nd heat exchanger 15b is larger than that in the case where the 1 st heat exchanger 15a and the 2 nd heat exchanger 15b are connected in parallel. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the discharge amount of the electric pump 21 required to make the temperature of the battery cell 12b on the center side equal to the target temperature can be set smaller than in the case where the 1 st heat exchanger 15a and the 2 nd heat exchanger 15b are connected in parallel. This can reduce the power of the electric pump 21 or reduce the cost by using a smaller capacity electric pump 21.
(embodiment 6)
As shown in fig. 30, the battery temperature control device 1 of the present embodiment is added with the flow rate adjustment valve 22 described in embodiment 1 to the battery temperature control device 1 of embodiment 5.
The flow rate adjustment valve 22 is disposed at the branch portion 71 described in embodiment 5. The inflow portion 221 of the flow rate adjustment valve 22 is connected to the discharge side of the coolant of the electric pump 21. The 1 st outflow portion 222 of the flow rate adjustment valve 22 is connected to the 1 st inflow channel 721 of the channel switching valve 72. The 2 nd outflow portion 223 of the flow control valve 22 is connected to the other end side of the inflow side 2 nd flow path 741.
In the present embodiment, as in embodiment 1, the controller 42 controls the flow rate of the coolant distributed to the 1 st channel 25 and the 2 nd channel 26 by the flow rate adjustment valve 22 based on the detection results of the plurality of temperature sensors 41 in the battery cooling mode and the battery heating mode. Further, as in embodiment 5, the control unit 42 controls the temperature of the coolant distributed to the 1 st channel 25 and the 2 nd channel 26 by the channel switching valve 72 based on the detection results of the plurality of temperature sensors 41.
Thus, the 1 st heat transfer amount between the end-side battery cell 12a and the coolant and the 2 nd heat transfer amount between the center-side battery cell 12b and the coolant can be adjusted by both the flow rate adjustment valve 22 and the flow path switching valve 72, so that the temperature difference between the end-side battery cell 12a and the center-side battery cell 12b, the temperatures of which have been adjusted by the coolant, can be reduced. Thus, the 1 st heat transfer amount and the 2 nd heat transfer amount can be adjusted more finely than in the case of using only one of the flow rate adjustment valve 22 and the flow path switching valve 72.
(7 th embodiment)
As shown in fig. 31, the battery temperature control device 1 of the present embodiment includes a battery pack 10 and a refrigerant circuit 80 for causing a refrigerant of a refrigeration cycle to flow to the battery pack. In the present embodiment, a refrigerant of a refrigeration cycle is used as a heat medium that exchanges heat with the plurality of battery cells 12.
The structure of the battery pack 10 is the same as that of embodiment 1. However, in the present embodiment, each heat exchanger 15 is a refrigerant pipe for a refrigeration cycle. The heat exchange flow path 16 is a flow path through which a refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle flows. The inflow portion 17 and the outflow portion 18 of each heat exchanger 15 in embodiment 1 are the 1 st inflow and outflow portion 17 and the 2 nd inflow and outflow portion 18, respectively, in the present embodiment.
The refrigerant circuit 80 constitutes a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The refrigerant circuit 80 is a closed circuit in which a refrigerant of a refrigeration cycle circulates. In the present embodiment, the refrigerant circuit 80 corresponds to a heat medium circuit for causing the heat medium whose temperature has been adjusted to flow to the 1 st heat exchanger and the 2 nd heat exchanger. The refrigerant circuit 80 includes a compressor 81, a four-way valve 82, a heat exchanger 83, an expansion valve 84, a flow rate adjustment valve 85, a1 st flow path 86, a2 nd flow path 87, and a flow path connection portion 88.
The compressor 81 compresses and discharges the sucked refrigerant. The four-way valve 82 is connected to a flow path on the refrigerant suction side of the compressor 81, a flow path on the refrigerant discharge side of the compressor 81, a flow path communicating with the heat exchanger 83, and a flow path communicating with the flow path connection portion 88. The four-way valve 82 changes the direction of the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant circuit 80 by switching the connection of the flow paths. The heat exchanger 83 exchanges heat between the refrigerant and another heat medium such as air. The expansion valve 84 decompresses and expands the refrigerant.
The flow rate adjustment valve 85 is connected to the 1 st flow path 86 and the 2 nd flow path 87, respectively. The flow rate adjustment valve 85 is a flow rate adjustment unit that adjusts the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing through the 1 st channel 86 and the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing through the 2 nd channel 87, respectively.
The 1 st flow path 86 is a refrigerant flow path through which the refrigerant flowing into the plurality of 1 st heat exchangers 15a flows and through which the refrigerant flowing out of the plurality of 1 st heat exchangers 15a flows. The 2 nd flow path 87 is a refrigerant flow path through which the refrigerant flowing into the plurality of 2 nd heat exchangers 15b flows and through which the refrigerant flowing out of the plurality of 2 nd heat exchangers 15b flows. As will be described later, the 1 st flow path 86 causes a part of the temperature-adjusted refrigerant to flow into the 1 st heat exchanger 15a in both the battery cooling mode and the battery heating mode. The 2 nd flow path 87 allows the other part of the temperature-adjusted refrigerant to flow into the 2 nd heat exchanger 15 b.
The 1 st flow path 86 and the 2 nd flow path 87 are connected to the flow rate adjustment valve 85 and the flow path connection portion 88 so that the 1 st heat exchanger 15a and the 2 nd heat exchanger 15b are connected in parallel. Specifically, the flow rate adjustment valve 85 includes a1 st inflow/outflow portion 851, a2 nd inflow/outflow portion 852, and a 3 rd inflow/outflow portion 853. The 1 st inflow/outflow portion 851 is connected to the expansion valve 84. The 1 st flow path 86 includes a1 st flow path 861 on one side and a1 st flow path 862 on the other side. The one-side 1 st flow channel 861 connects the 2 nd inflow/outflow portion 852 to the 1 st inflow/outflow portion 17 of each 1 st heat exchanger 15 a. The other-side 1 st flow path 862 connects the 2 nd inflow and outflow portion 18 of each 1 st heat exchanger 15a to the flow path connection portion 88. The 2 nd flow path 87 includes a side 2 nd flow path 871 and another side 2 nd flow path 872. The one-side 2 nd flow path 871 connects the 3 rd inflow/outflow portion 853 with the 1 st inflow/outflow portion 17 of each 2 nd heat exchanger 15 b. The other-side 2 nd flow path 872 connects the 2 nd inflow and outflow portion 18 of each 2 nd heat exchanger 15b to the flow path connecting portion 88.
As shown in fig. 31, in the battery cooling mode, the four-way valve 82 is in a state in which the flow path on the discharge side of the compressor 81 is connected to the flow path communicating with the heat exchanger 83, and the flow path on the suction side of the compressor 81 is connected to the flow path communicating with the flow path connection portion 88. Thereby, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 81 flows through the heat exchanger 83 and the expansion valve 84 in this order.
The refrigerant is branched at the flow rate adjustment valve 85 and flows through the 1 st flow path 86 and the 2 nd flow path 87, respectively. At this time, in the 1 st heat exchanger 15a and the 2 nd heat exchanger 15b, the low-temperature refrigerant decompressed and expanded by the expansion valve 84 exchanges heat with each battery cell 12. Thereby, the refrigerant evaporates, and each battery cell 12 is cooled. In this way, in the battery cooling mode, the 1 st heat exchanger 15a and the 2 nd heat exchanger 15b function as refrigerant evaporators.
Then, the refrigerant flows from the 1 st flow path 86 and the 2 nd flow path 87 into the compressor 81 through the flow path connecting portion 88, respectively.
As shown in fig. 32, in the battery heating mode, the four-way valve 82 is in a state in which the flow path on the discharge side of the compressor 81 is connected to the flow path communicating with the flow path connection portion 88, and the flow path on the suction side of the compressor 81 is connected to the flow path communicating with the heat exchanger 83. Thereby, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 81 is branched at the flow path connecting portion 88 and flows through the 1 st flow path 86 and the 2 nd flow path 87, respectively.
At this time, in the 1 st heat exchanger 15a and the 2 nd heat exchanger 15b, the high-temperature refrigerant compressed by the compressor 81 exchanges heat with the battery cell 12. Thereby, the refrigerant radiates heat, and the battery unit 12 is heated. In this way, the 1 st heat exchanger 15a and the 2 nd heat exchanger 15b function as refrigerant radiators in the battery heating mode.
Then, the refrigerant flows into the flow rate adjustment valve 85 from the 1 st passage 86 and the 2 nd passage 87, and flows into the compressor 81 through the expansion valve 84, the heat exchanger 83, and the four-way valve 82.
The control unit 42 performs the control processing shown in fig. 5, 6, and 7, as in embodiment 1. At this time, the control unit 42 switches the state of the four-way valve 82 to the determined operation mode. Further, the controller 42 controls the operation of the flow rate adjustment valve 85 in the same manner as the flow rate adjustment valve 22 according to embodiment 1, and adjusts the flow rates of the coolant flowing through the 1 st channel 86 and the 2 nd channel 87, respectively.
According to the present embodiment, the flow rate adjustment valve 85 adjusts the 1 st heat transfer amount between the battery cell 12a on the end side and the coolant and the 2 nd heat transfer amount between the battery cell 12b on the center side and the coolant so that the temperature difference between the battery cell 12a on the end side and the battery cell 12b on the center side, the temperature of which is adjusted by the coolant, becomes smaller than that in the non-temperature-adjusted state under the predetermined use condition. This embodiment also provides the same effects as those of embodiment 1. In the present embodiment, the flow rate adjustment valve 85 corresponds to a heat conduction amount adjustment portion provided in the heat medium circuit.
(other embodiments)
(1) In embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, the coolant circuit 20 includes the 1 st flow path 25 and the 2 nd flow path 26. The flow rate adjustment valve 22 adjusts the flow rates of the coolant flowing through the 1 st channel 25 and the 2 nd channel 26, respectively. However, the coolant circuit 20 may have the 1 st channel 25, the 2 nd channel 26, and the 3 rd channel. The 3 rd flow path causes the coolant to flow into a 3 rd heat exchanger different from the 1 st and 2 nd heat exchangers. The flow rate adjustment valve 22 may adjust the flow rates of the coolant flowing through the 1 st channel 25, the 2 nd channel 26, and the 3 rd channel, respectively.
(2) In embodiment 1, 1 battery module 11 is disposed across a plurality of heat exchangers 15. However, 1 heat exchanger 15 may be provided for 1 battery module 11 in a state where the longitudinal direction D1 of the battery module 11 is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the heat exchanger 15. In this case, as in embodiment 2, the flow rate of the coolant flowing through the 1 st channel 25 and the 2 nd channel 26 is adjusted by the flow rate adjustment valve 22. Thus, as in embodiment 2, the temperature difference between the battery cells 12c of the end side module 11a and the battery cells 12d of the center side module 11b, the temperatures of which have been adjusted by the coolant, can be reduced.
(3) In embodiment 1 and the like, the 1 st heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the 1 st battery cell and the heat medium and the 2 nd heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the 2 nd battery cell and the heat medium are respectively constituted by the 1 st heat exchanger 15a and the 2 nd heat exchanger 15b which are separate heat exchangers. However, the 1 st heat exchanger and the 2 nd heat exchanger may be constituted by 1 heat exchanger.
In this case, the 1 st heat exchange flow path through which the heat medium that exchanges heat with the 1 st battery cell flows and the 2 nd heat exchange flow path through which the heat medium that exchanges heat with the 2 nd battery cell flows are formed in the 1 heat exchanger. In the 1 heat exchanger, the 1 st heat exchange flow path and the 2 nd heat exchange flow path are independent flow paths. The portion of 1 heat exchanger where the 1 st heat exchange flow path is formed corresponds to the 1 st heat exchange portion. The portion of the 1 heat exchanger where the 2 nd heat exchange flow path is formed corresponds to the 2 nd heat exchange portion. This can reduce the number of components compared to a case where the 1 st heat exchange unit and the 2 nd heat exchange unit are formed of separate heat exchangers. From the viewpoint of avoiding heat transfer between the heat medium flowing through the 1 st heat exchange path and the heat medium flowing through the 2 nd heat exchange path, the 1 st heat exchange unit and the 2 nd heat exchange unit are preferably formed of separate heat exchangers.
(4) In embodiment 1 and embodiment 7, 1 flow rate adjustment valve 22, 85 is used as a flow rate adjustment unit for adjusting the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing through the 1 st channel and the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing through the 2 nd channel, respectively. However, 2 flow rate adjusting valves, that is, a flow rate adjusting valve provided in the 1 st flow path and a flow rate adjusting valve provided in the 2 nd flow path, may be used as the flow rate adjusting unit.
(5) In embodiment 3, the area of the 1 st contact surface S1, which is the contact surface with the 1 st heat conduction promoting material 62a, of the end side battery cell 12a is different from the area of the 2 nd contact surface S2, which is the contact surface with the 2 nd heat conduction promoting material 62b, of the center side battery cell 12 b. Thereby, the 1 st heat conduction area of the end side battery cell 12a and the 2 nd heat conduction area of the center side battery cell 12b are adjusted to different sizes. However, the 1 st heat transfer area of the end side battery cell 12a and the 2 nd heat transfer area of the center side battery cell 12b may be adjusted to different sizes by other configurations.
For example, in the battery pack 10 of embodiment 1, a recess is formed on the 1 st heat exchanger 15a side of the battery cell 12a on the end side so that a space is formed between the battery cell 12a on the end side and the 1 st heat exchanger 15 a. On the other hand, no recess is formed on the 2 nd heat exchanger 15b side of the battery cell 12b on the center side. In this case, the area of the contact surface of the battery cell 12b on the center side with the 2 nd heat exchanger 15b is larger than the area of the contact surface of the battery cell 12a on the end side with the 1 st heat exchanger 15 a. The contact surface of the battery cell 12 with the heat exchanger 15 is a heat conduction surface of the battery cell that mainly contributes to heat conduction between the battery cell 12 and the heat exchanger 15. In this way, the 1 st heat transfer area of the end side battery cell 12a and the 2 nd heat transfer area of the center side battery cell 12b may be adjusted to different sizes. In this example, the concave portion formed in the battery cell 12a on the end side corresponds to a heat transfer area adjustment portion for adjusting the 1 st heat transfer area and the 2 nd heat transfer area to different sizes.
For example, in the assembled battery 10 according to embodiment 1, the heat conductive plate may be interposed between the adjacent battery cells 12. The heat-conducting plate is connected in a heat-conducting manner to the heat exchanger 15. In this case, heat moves between the battery cell 12 and the heat exchanger 15 mainly via the heat conductive plate. Therefore, the heat transfer plate in contact with the end-side battery cell 12a is at a different height from the heat exchanger 15 than the heat transfer plate in contact with the center-side battery cell 12 b. Alternatively, the heat-conducting plate in contact with the end-side battery cell 12a may be made of a different material than the heat-conducting plate in contact with the center-side battery cell 12 b. The 1 st heat transfer area of the end side battery cell 12a and the 2 nd heat transfer area of the center side battery cell 12b may be adjusted to different sizes by these. In these examples, the heat transfer plate corresponds to a heat transfer area adjustment portion for adjusting the 1 st heat transfer area and the 2 nd heat transfer area to different sizes.
(6) In embodiment 5, the flow path switching valve 72 is used as a temperature difference forming unit that forms a temperature difference between the coolant flowing into each 1 st heat exchanger 15a and the coolant flowing into each 2 nd heat exchanger 15 b. However, other configurations may be used as the temperature difference forming portion. For example, the battery temperature control device may include 2 independent coolant circuits, i.e., a1 st coolant circuit for flowing the coolant to the plurality of 1 st heat exchangers 15a and a2 nd coolant circuit for flowing the coolant to the plurality of 2 nd heat exchangers 15 b. In this case, a temperature difference can be formed between the coolant flowing into each 1 st heat exchanger 15a and the coolant flowing into each 2 nd heat exchanger 15b by the cooling unit and the heating unit of each 1 st coolant circuit and the 2 nd coolant circuit. Thus, the cooling portion and the heating portion of each of the 1 st cooling liquid circuit and the 2 nd cooling liquid circuit correspond to the temperature difference forming portion.
(7) Embodiment 7 is obtained by changing the coolant circuit 20 of embodiment 1 to a refrigerant circuit 80. In each of embodiments 2, 3, and 4, the coolant circuit 20 may be changed to the refrigerant circuit 80.
(8) In each of the above embodiments, each of the battery cells 12 is a rectangular battery cell whose exterior case is made of metal. However, each battery cell 12 may be another battery cell in which the package can is made of another material or has another shape. Examples of the other battery cells include a battery cell in which the package can has a cylindrical shape, and a laminate type battery cell in which the package can is formed of a laminate film of a resin and an aluminum foil.
(9) In each of the above embodiments, the battery temperature control device 1 is mounted on an electric vehicle. However, the battery temperature control device 1 may be installed in a place other than the electric vehicle. That is, the battery temperature control device 1 may be used to adjust the temperature of the battery pack for purposes other than the electric power for running.
(10) The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be modified as appropriate, and various modifications and modifications within the equivalent scope are also included. The above embodiments are not independent of each other, and can be combined as appropriate except for the case where the combination is obviously impossible. For example, at least one of embodiment 3 and embodiment 4 may be combined with embodiment 2.
In the above embodiments, it goes without saying that elements constituting the embodiments are not necessarily essential, except for cases where they are specifically and clearly indicated to be essential in principle. In the above embodiments, when numerical values such as the number, numerical value, amount, and range of the constituent elements of the embodiments are mentioned, the number is not limited to a specific number unless otherwise stated explicitly or clearly limited to a specific number in principle. In the above embodiments, when referring to the material, shape, positional relationship, and the like of the constituent elements and the like, the material, shape, positional relationship, and the like are not limited to those unless otherwise specifically indicated or limited to a specific material, shape, positional relationship, and the like in principle.
(11) The control unit and the method described in the present invention may be realized by a dedicated computer provided by configuring a processor and a memory, which are embodied by computer programs and programmed to execute one or more functions. Alternatively, the control unit and the method described in the present invention may be realized by a dedicated computer provided by configuring a processor with one or more dedicated hardware logic circuits. Alternatively, the control unit and the method thereof described in the present invention may be implemented by one or more special purpose computers configured by a combination of a processor programmed to execute one or more functions, a memory, and a processor configured by one or more hardware logic circuits. The computer program may be stored in a non-removable tangible computer-readable medium as instructions to be executed by a computer.
(conclusion)
According to claim 1, which is a part or all of the above embodiments, a battery temperature control device for controlling a temperature of a battery includes a battery pack and a heat medium circuit. The battery pack includes a1 st battery cell constituting a battery, a2 nd battery cell constituting the battery and electrically connected to the 1 st battery cell, a1 st heat exchanging unit for exchanging heat between the 1 st battery cell and a heat carrier, and a2 nd heat exchanging unit for exchanging heat between the 2 nd battery cell and the heat carrier. The heat medium circuit causes the heat medium whose temperature has been adjusted to flow to the 1 st heat exchanger and the 2 nd heat exchanger. The heat carrier is a liquid or a refrigerant of a refrigeration cycle. In a non-temperature-controlled state in which the temperatures of the 1 st battery cell and the 2 nd battery cell are not adjusted by the heat medium, a temperature difference occurs between the 1 st battery cell and the 2 nd battery cell with heat generation due to charge and discharge of the 1 st battery cell and the 2 nd battery cell under predetermined use conditions of the 1 st battery cell and the 2 nd battery cell. The battery pack or the heat medium circuit includes a heat conduction amount adjustment unit that adjusts, under predetermined use conditions, the 1 st heat conduction amount between the 1 st battery cell and the heat medium and the 2 nd heat conduction amount between the 2 nd battery cell and the heat medium so that the temperature difference between the 1 st battery cell and the 2 nd battery cell, the temperatures of which are adjusted by the heat medium, becomes smaller than that in the non-temperature-adjusted state.
Further, according to claim 2, the heat medium circuit includes: a1 st flow path for allowing a part of the heat medium whose temperature has been adjusted to flow into the 1 st heat exchange unit; a2 nd flow path for allowing the other part of the temperature-adjusted heat medium to flow into the 2 nd heat exchange unit; and a flow rate adjusting unit for adjusting the flow rate of the heat medium flowing through the 1 st flow path and the flow rate of the heat medium flowing through the 2 nd flow path, respectively, under predetermined use conditions. The heat conductivity adjusting portion according to claim 1 is the flow rate adjusting portion. Thus, under predetermined use conditions, the flow rate adjusting unit adjusts the flow rate of the heating medium flowing into the 1 st heat exchanger and the flow rate of the heating medium flowing into the 2 nd heat exchanger, respectively. Thus, the 1 st heat conduction amount and the 2 nd heat conduction amount can be adjusted so that the temperature difference between the 1 st battery cell and the 2 nd battery cell under the predetermined use condition becomes small.
Further, according to claim 3, the flow rate adjustment unit includes 1 flow rate adjustment valve connected to each of the 1 st flow path and the 2 nd flow path. Thus, as the flow rate adjustment unit according to claim 2, 1 flow rate adjustment valve can be used. Preferably, the 1 st flow rate and the 2 nd flow rate are adjusted by 1 flow rate adjustment valve, respectively.
Further, according to claim 4, the flow rate adjustment valve has a1 st communication portion communicating with the 1 st flow path and a2 nd communication portion communicating with the 2 nd flow path. Under the predetermined use condition, the sum of the 1 st flow rate of the heating medium passing through the 1 st communication part and the 2 nd flow rate of the heating medium passing through the 2 nd communication part is the total flow rate of the heating medium in the heating medium circuit. The ratio of the flow rate of the smaller of the 1 st flow rate and the 2 nd flow rate to the total flow rate of the heating medium in the heating medium circuit is 5% or less and 1% or more. Thus, the flow rate adjustment valve adjusts the 1 st flow rate and the 2 nd flow rate, respectively. The flow rate adjustment accuracy of the flow rate adjustment valve is within. + -. 0.2% of the total flow rate.
According to the results of the investigation by the present inventors, by adjusting the distribution ratio of the 1 st flow rate and the 2 nd flow rate so that the smaller flow rate is 5% or less and 1% or more of the total flow rate, the temperature of the 1 st battery cell and the temperature of the 2 nd battery cell after temperature adjustment can be brought close to the same temperature. In this case, by using a flow rate adjusting valve having a flow rate adjustment accuracy within ± 0.2%, adjustment at a minute flow rate of 5% or less and 1% or more of the total flow rate can be achieved.
Further, according to claim 5, the battery pack includes a heat transfer area adjustment unit that adjusts a1 st heat transfer area, which is an area of a surface of a1 st battery cell that mainly contributes to heat transfer between the 1 st battery cell and the 1 st heat exchange unit, and a2 nd heat transfer area, which is an area of a surface of a2 nd battery cell that mainly contributes to heat transfer between the 2 nd battery cell and the 2 nd heat exchange unit, to different sizes. The heat conductivity adjusting portion according to claim 1 is a heat conducting area adjusting portion. Thus, the 1 st heat conduction area and the 2 nd heat conduction area are adjusted to different sizes by the heat conduction area adjusting portion, so that the 1 st heat conduction amount and the 2 nd heat conduction amount can be adjusted to reduce the temperature difference between the 1 st battery cell and the 2 nd battery cell.
Further, according to claim 6, the heat medium circuit includes: a1 st flow path for allowing a part of the heat medium whose temperature has been adjusted to flow into the 1 st heat exchange unit; a2 nd flow path for allowing the other part of the temperature-adjusted heat medium to flow into the 2 nd heat exchange unit; and a flow rate adjusting unit for adjusting the 1 st flow rate of the heat medium flowing through the 1 st flow path and the 2 nd flow rate of the heat medium flowing through the 2 nd flow path, respectively, under predetermined use conditions. The battery pack includes a heat transfer area adjustment unit that adjusts a1 st heat transfer area, which is an area of a surface of a1 st battery cell that mainly contributes to heat transfer between the 1 st battery cell and the 1 st heat exchange unit, and a2 nd heat transfer area, which is an area of a surface of a2 nd battery cell that mainly contributes to heat transfer between the 2 nd battery cell and the 2 nd heat exchange unit, to different sizes. The heat conductivity adjusting part according to claim 1 is a flow rate adjusting part and a heat conducting area adjusting part.
Thus, the 1 st heat transfer area and the 2 nd heat transfer area can be adjusted in advance by the heat transfer area adjustment unit under predetermined use conditions so that the temperature difference between the 1 st battery cell and the 2 nd battery cell is reduced. Further, even when the usage conditions change, the flow rate adjustment unit can adjust the flow rate of the heating medium flowing into the 1 st heat exchange unit and the flow rate of the heating medium flowing into the 2 nd heat exchange unit so that the temperature difference between the 1 st battery cell and the 2 nd battery cell is reduced.
In addition, for example, the heat transfer area adjustment unit can adjust the 1 st heat transfer area and the 2 nd heat transfer area so that the temperature difference between the 1 st battery cell and the 2 nd battery cell is small under the use condition where the temperature difference is the maximum. Thus, the flow rate adjustment range of the flow rate adjustment unit required to reduce the temperature difference between the 1 st cell and the 2 nd cell can be narrowed, as compared with the case where only the flow rate adjustment unit of the flow rate adjustment unit and the heat transfer area adjustment unit is used.
Further, according to claim 7, the battery pack includes a contact area adjustment portion that adjusts a1 st contact area of the 1 st heat exchange unit with the heat medium and a2 nd contact area of the 2 nd heat exchange unit with the heat medium to different sizes. The heat conductivity adjusting portion according to claim 1 is a contact area adjusting portion. Thus, the contact area adjusting unit adjusts the 1 st contact area and the 2 nd contact area to different sizes, so that the 1 st heat conduction amount and the 2 nd heat conduction amount can be adjusted to reduce the temperature difference between the 1 st battery cell and the 2 nd battery cell.
Further, according to claim 8, the heat medium circuit includes: a1 st flow path for allowing a part of the heat medium whose temperature has been adjusted to flow into the 1 st heat exchange unit; a2 nd flow path for allowing the other part of the temperature-adjusted heat medium to flow into the 2 nd heat exchange unit; and a flow rate adjusting unit for adjusting the 1 st flow rate of the heat medium flowing through the 1 st flow path and the 2 nd flow rate of the heat medium flowing through the 2 nd flow path, respectively, under predetermined use conditions. The battery pack has a contact area adjustment unit that adjusts the 1 st contact area of the 1 st heat exchange unit with the heat medium and the 2 nd contact area of the 2 nd heat exchange unit with the heat medium to different sizes. The heat conductivity adjusting portion according to claim 1 is a flow rate adjusting portion and a contact area adjusting portion.
Thus, the contact area adjusting unit can adjust the 1 st contact area and the 2 nd contact area in advance so that the temperature difference between the 1 st cell and the 2 nd cell becomes small under predetermined use conditions. Further, even when the usage conditions change, the flow rate adjustment unit can adjust the flow rate of the heating medium flowing into the 1 st heat exchange unit and the flow rate of the heating medium flowing into the 2 nd heat exchange unit so that the temperature difference between the 1 st battery cell and the 2 nd battery cell is reduced.
In addition, for example, the contact area adjusting unit can adjust the 1 st contact area and the 2 nd contact area so that the temperature difference between the 1 st cell and the 2 nd cell becomes smaller under the use condition where the temperature difference is the maximum. Thus, the flow rate adjustment range of the flow rate adjustment unit for reducing the temperature difference between the 1 st cell and the 2 nd cell can be made narrower than in the case where only the flow rate adjustment unit is used for the flow rate adjustment unit and the contact area adjustment unit.
Further, according to claim 9, the heat medium circuit includes a temperature difference forming unit that forms a temperature difference between the heat medium flowing into the 1 st heat exchanger and the heat medium flowing into the 2 nd heat exchanger under the predetermined use condition. The heat conductivity adjusting portion according to claim 1 is a temperature difference forming portion. Thus, the temperature difference forming unit forms a temperature difference between the heat medium flowing into the 1 st heat exchanger and the heat medium flowing into the 2 nd heat exchanger, and the 1 st heat transfer amount and the 2 nd heat transfer amount can be adjusted so that the temperature difference between the 1 st battery cell and the 2 nd battery cell is reduced.
Further, according to claim 10, the temperature difference forming unit is a switching valve that switches between the 1 st state of the heat medium circuit in which the 1 st heat exchanger and the 2 nd heat exchanger are connected in parallel and the 2 nd state of the heat medium circuit in which the 1 st heat exchanger and the 2 nd heat exchanger are connected in series. Thus, as the temperature difference forming unit according to claim 9, a switching valve can be used. As a result, when the heat medium circuit is set to the 2 nd state by the switching valve under the predetermined use condition, the heat medium whose temperature has been increased by heat exchange in one of the 1 st heat exchange unit and the 2 nd heat exchange unit flows into the other of the 1 st heat exchange unit and the 2 nd heat exchange unit. Thus, under predetermined use conditions, a temperature difference can be formed between the heat medium flowing into the 1 st heat exchanger and the heat medium flowing into the 2 nd heat exchanger.
Further, according to claim 11, the heat medium circuit includes: a1 st flow path for allowing a part of the heat medium whose temperature has been adjusted to flow into the 1 st heat exchange unit; a2 nd flow path for allowing the other part of the temperature-adjusted heat medium to flow into the 2 nd heat exchange unit; a flow rate adjusting unit for adjusting a1 st flow rate of the heat medium flowing through the 1 st flow path and a2 nd flow rate of the heat medium flowing through the 2 nd flow path, respectively, under predetermined use conditions; and a temperature difference forming unit that forms a temperature difference between the heat medium flowing into the 1 st heat exchange unit and the heat medium flowing into the 2 nd heat exchange unit under predetermined use conditions. The heat conductivity adjusting unit according to claim 1 is a flow rate adjusting unit and a temperature difference forming unit.
Thus, the flow rate adjustment unit adjusts the flow rate of the heating medium flowing into the 1 st heat exchange unit and the flow rate of the heating medium flowing into the 2 nd heat exchange unit, respectively, thereby adjusting the 1 st heat transfer amount and the 2 nd heat transfer amount so that the temperature difference between the 1 st battery cell and the 2 nd battery cell is reduced. Further, the temperature difference forming unit forms a temperature difference between the heat medium flowing into the 1 st heat exchanger and the heat medium flowing into the 2 nd heat exchanger, and thus the 1 st heat transfer amount and the 2 nd heat transfer amount can be adjusted so that the temperature difference between the 1 st battery cell and the 2 nd battery cell is reduced. Thus, the 1 st heat conduction amount and the 2 nd heat conduction amount can be adjusted more finely than in the case where only one of the flow rate adjustment portion and the temperature difference formation portion is used as the heat conduction amount adjustment portion.
Claims (11)
1. A battery temperature adjusting device for adjusting the temperature of a battery is characterized in that,
the disclosed device is provided with:
a battery pack (10) having 1 st battery cells (12a, 12c) constituting the battery, 2 nd battery cells (12b, 12d) constituting the battery and electrically connected to the 1 st battery cell, 1 st heat exchange units (15a, 50a) for exchanging heat between the 1 st battery cell and a heat transfer medium, and 2 nd heat exchange units (15b, 50b) for exchanging heat between the 2 nd battery cell and the heat transfer medium; and
a heat medium circuit (20, 80) for causing the heat medium whose temperature has been adjusted to flow to the 1 st heat exchange unit and the 2 nd heat exchange unit;
the heat medium is a liquid or a refrigerant of a refrigeration cycle;
in a non-temperature-controlled state in which the respective temperatures of the 1 st battery cell and the 2 nd battery cell are not adjusted by the heat medium, a temperature difference is generated between the 1 st battery cell and the 2 nd battery cell in accordance with heat generation caused by charge and discharge of the 1 st battery cell and the 2 nd battery cell under predetermined use conditions of the 1 st battery cell and the 2 nd battery cell;
the battery pack or the heat medium circuit includes a heat conduction amount adjustment unit (22, 85, 62a, 62b, 161a, 161b, 72) that adjusts, under the predetermined use condition, a1 st heat conduction amount between the 1 st battery cell and the heat medium and a2 nd heat conduction amount between the 2 nd battery cell and the heat medium such that a temperature difference between the 1 st battery cell and the 2 nd battery cell after temperature adjustment by the heat medium becomes smaller than that in the non-temperature-adjustment state.
2. The battery temperature regulating device according to claim 1,
the heat medium circuit includes:
a1 st flow path (25, 86) through which a part of the heat medium whose temperature has been adjusted flows into the 1 st heat exchange unit;
a2 nd flow path (26, 87) for allowing the other part of the heat medium whose temperature has been adjusted to flow into the 2 nd heat exchange unit; and
flow rate adjusting units (22, 85) for adjusting the flow rate of the heating medium flowing through the 1 st channel and the flow rate of the heating medium flowing through the 2 nd channel, respectively, under the predetermined use condition;
the heat conductivity adjusting portion is the flow rate adjusting portion.
3. The battery temperature regulating device according to claim 2,
the flow rate adjustment unit includes 1 flow rate adjustment valve (22, 85) connected to each of the 1 st flow path and the 2 nd flow path.
4. The battery temperature regulating device according to claim 3,
the flow rate adjustment valve has a1 st communication portion (222) communicating with the 1 st flow path and a2 nd communication portion (223) communicating with the 2 nd flow path;
a flow rate adjustment valve that adjusts a total flow rate of the heat medium in the heat medium circuit so that a sum of a1 st flow rate of the heat medium passing through the 1 st communication part and a2 nd flow rate of the heat medium passing through the 2 nd communication part is 5% or less and 1% or more of a ratio of a smaller one of the 1 st flow rate and the 2 nd flow rate to the total flow rate of the heat medium in the heat medium circuit under the predetermined use condition;
the flow rate adjustment accuracy of the flow rate adjustment valve is within ± 0.2% of the total flow rate.
5. The battery temperature regulating device according to claim 1,
the battery pack includes heat transfer area adjustment units (62a, 62b) that adjust a1 st heat transfer area, which is an area of a surface (S1) of the 1 st battery cell that mainly contributes to heat transfer between the 1 st battery cell and the 1 st heat exchange unit, and a2 nd heat transfer area, which is an area of a surface (S2) of the 2 nd battery cell that mainly contributes to heat transfer between the 2 nd battery cell and the 2 nd heat exchange unit, to different sizes;
the heat conductivity adjusting portion is the heat conducting area adjusting portion.
6. The battery temperature regulating device according to claim 1,
the heat medium circuit includes:
a1 st flow path (25, 86) through which a part of the heat medium whose temperature has been adjusted flows into the 1 st heat exchange unit;
a2 nd flow path (26, 87) for allowing the other part of the heat medium whose temperature has been adjusted to flow into the 2 nd heat exchange unit; and
flow rate adjusting units (22, 85) for adjusting a1 st flow rate of the heating medium flowing through the 1 st flow path and a2 nd flow rate of the heating medium flowing through the 2 nd flow path, respectively, under the predetermined use condition;
the battery pack includes heat transfer area adjustment units (62a, 62b) that adjust a1 st heat transfer area, which is an area of a surface (S1) of the 1 st battery cell that mainly contributes to heat transfer between the 1 st battery cell and the 1 st heat exchange unit, and a2 nd heat transfer area, which is an area of a surface (S2) of the 2 nd battery cell that mainly contributes to heat transfer between the 2 nd battery cell and the 2 nd heat exchange unit, to different sizes;
the heat conductivity adjusting part is the flow rate adjusting part and the heat conducting area adjusting part.
7. The battery temperature regulating device according to claim 1,
the battery pack has contact area adjusting parts (161a, 161b) for adjusting the 1 st contact area of the 1 st heat exchanging part with the heat medium and the 2 nd contact area of the 2 nd heat exchanging part with the heat medium to different sizes;
the heat conductivity adjusting portion is the contact area adjusting portion.
8. The battery temperature regulating device according to claim 1,
the heat medium circuit includes:
a1 st flow path (25, 86) through which a part of the heat medium whose temperature has been adjusted flows into the 1 st heat exchange unit;
a2 nd flow path (26, 87) for allowing the other part of the heat medium whose temperature has been adjusted to flow into the 2 nd heat exchange unit; and
flow rate adjusting units (22, 85) for adjusting a1 st flow rate of the heating medium flowing through the 1 st flow path and a2 nd flow rate of the heating medium flowing through the 2 nd flow path, respectively, under the predetermined use condition;
the battery pack has contact area adjusting parts (161a, 161b) for adjusting the 1 st contact area of the 1 st heat exchanging part with the heat medium and the 2 nd contact area of the 2 nd heat exchanging part with the heat medium to different sizes;
the heat conductivity adjusting part is the flow rate adjusting part and the contact area adjusting part.
9. The battery temperature regulating device according to claim 1,
a heat medium circuit having a temperature difference forming unit (72) for forming a temperature difference between the heat medium flowing into the 1 st heat exchanger and the heat medium flowing into the 2 nd heat exchanger under the predetermined use condition;
the heat conductivity adjusting portion is the temperature difference forming portion.
10. The battery temperature regulating device according to claim 9,
the temperature difference forming unit is a switching valve (72) that switches between a1 st state of the heat medium circuit in which the 1 st heat exchanger and the 2 nd heat exchanger are connected in parallel and a2 nd state of the heat medium circuit in which the 1 st heat exchanger and the 2 nd heat exchanger are connected in series.
11. The battery temperature regulating device according to claim 1,
the heat medium circuit includes:
a1 st flow path (25, 86) through which a part of the heat medium whose temperature has been adjusted flows into the 1 st heat exchange unit;
a2 nd flow path (26, 87) for allowing the other part of the heat medium whose temperature has been adjusted to flow into the 2 nd heat exchange unit;
flow rate adjusting units (22, 85) for adjusting a1 st flow rate of the heating medium flowing through the 1 st flow path and a2 nd flow rate of the heating medium flowing through the 2 nd flow path, respectively, under the predetermined use condition; and
a temperature difference forming unit (72) that forms a temperature difference between the heat medium flowing into the 1 st heat exchanger and the heat medium flowing into the 2 nd heat exchanger under the predetermined use condition;
the heat conductivity adjusting unit is the flow rate adjusting unit and the temperature difference forming unit.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2019-164841 | 2019-09-10 | ||
| JP2019164841A JP7234869B2 (en) | 2019-09-10 | 2019-09-10 | Battery temperature controller |
| PCT/JP2020/034161 WO2021049541A1 (en) | 2019-09-10 | 2020-09-09 | Battery temperature adjustment device |
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| CN114303275A true CN114303275A (en) | 2022-04-08 |
| CN114303275B CN114303275B (en) | 2024-01-16 |
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| JP (1) | JP7234869B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN114303275B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2021049541A1 (en) |
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| WO2024058739A1 (en) * | 2022-09-12 | 2024-03-21 | Karadeniz Teknik Universitesi | Battery thermal management system with liquid cooling and cold plate |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JP2021044135A (en) | 2021-03-18 |
| JP7234869B2 (en) | 2023-03-08 |
| CN114303275B (en) | 2024-01-16 |
| WO2021049541A1 (en) | 2021-03-18 |
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