CN114295806A - Multi-field coupled loess-mudstone landslide hazard simulation test device and method - Google Patents
Multi-field coupled loess-mudstone landslide hazard simulation test device and method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a multi-field coupled loess-mudstone landslide hazard simulation test device and a method, wherein a rainfall device and a temperature control device are arranged at the upper part of a test box; the bottom of the test box is provided with a mudstone attitude controller, a mudstone simulation layer is arranged above the mudstone attitude controller, and the mudstone attitude controller consists of a thin plate, a steering plate arranged below the thin plate, a hinged support, a telescopic rod and a hydraulic jack; the direction of the thin plate in the space is freely and flexibly adjusted through the steering plate and the hinged support, the posture of different mudstones in the loess-mudstone side slope is simulated, the height of the thin plate is adjusted by matching the telescopic rod and the hydraulic jack, and the position of the mudstone in the loess-mudstone side slope is met. The crack formation and development rules in the loess slope are known, the induction reason and the damage mode of the loess-mudstone landslide are explored, and the loess-mudstone landslide disaster is quantitatively evaluated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geological disaster model tests, and particularly relates to a multi-field coupling loess-mudstone landslide disaster simulation test device.
Background
Loess in China is widely distributed, loess-mudstone landslide is one of the most main geological disasters in northwest areas of China, has high occurrence frequency, wide spread range and strong disaster-causing capacity, and the loess-mudstone disasters are easy and frequent along with the increase of extreme weather. In the face of such severe situation, the research work related to loess-mudstone landslide is urgent, and the research work has important significance for guaranteeing the life and property safety of people so as to better serve the requirements of disaster prevention and reduction.
The loess has strong water sensitivity, namely the moisture content in the loess has important influence on the mechanical property of the loess, and the loess has a loose structure and develops vertically in joints, so that relatively convenient conditions are provided for rainfall infiltration; the change in temperature in turn affects the evaporation of water in the loess. Therefore, the change of rainfall and temperature have an important influence on the stability of the loess-mudstone slope. In addition, in geological disaster investigation, the 'double-layer heterogeneous' structure of the loess-mudstone itself is found to cause the change of the mechanical property of the loess near the contact surface of the loess-mudstone, so that a weak surface is generated, and landslide is easily induced. Therefore, a plurality of factors influencing the stability of the loess-mudstone slope are provided, and the loess-mudstone landslide disaster can not be quantitatively evaluated by comprehensively disclosing the disaster-causing mechanism of the loess-mudstone landslide by independently considering a certain factor. In addition, the field test has high implementation cost, and the change of the influence factors cannot be accurately controlled, so that a loess-mudstone landslide hazard simulation test device considering multi-field coupling is urgently needed.
Patent CN 112269013 a discloses a landslide disaster simulation test device with multiple physical field couplings, which comprises a box body, a vibration simulation mechanism, a rainfall simulation mechanism and an illumination simulation mechanism. The invention emphasizes multi-physical field coupling, but is not applicable to a loess-mudstone double-layer heterogeneous structure aiming at a simple uniform slope.
The thesis "research on loess-mudstone landslide mechanism test induced by strong rainfall in Tianshui area of Gansu province" discloses a loess-mudstone landslide test device considering rainfall factors, which comprises a test box and a rainfall simulation device, wherein a loess-mudstone double-layer heterogeneous structure in the test box is formed by manually stacking mudstone and loess respectively. The device has large test workload, and does not consider the influence of the space form of the mudstone on the stability of the loess-mudstone side slope.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to disclose a moisture migration rule in a loess-mudstone side slope under the coupling effect of rainfall and temperature, understand the crack formation and development rule in the loess side slope, explore the induction reason and the damage mode of the loess-mudstone landslide and quantitatively evaluate the loess-mudstone landslide disaster.
In order to achieve the technical features, the invention is realized as follows: a multi-field coupling loess-mudstone landslide hazard simulation test device comprises a test box for containing loess, wherein a rainfall device and a temperature control device are arranged at the upper part of the test box; the bottom of proof box is equipped with the controller of the attitude is produced to the mudstone, and the mudstone controller of the attitude is produced to the mudstone top is provided with mudstone simulation layer, its characterized in that:
the mudstone attitude controller consists of a thin plate, a steering plate arranged below the thin plate, a hinged support, a telescopic rod and a hydraulic jack; the direction of the thin plate in the space is freely and flexibly adjusted through the steering plate and the hinged support, the posture of different mudstones in the loess-mudstone side slope is simulated, the height of the thin plate is adjusted by matching the telescopic rod and the hydraulic jack, and the position of the mudstone in the loess-mudstone side slope is met.
The mudstone simulation layer adopts a detachable rubber cushion layer, and can replace rubber cushion layers with different properties according to mechanical properties of the mudstone, so that the mudstone and loess-mudstone contact surface can be truly simulated.
One or more mudstone attitude controllers are arranged at the bottom of the test box.
The rainfall device comprises a rainfall support, a rainfall hose, an atomization nozzle, a water meter, a water feeding valve, a water storage device and a water pump; the rainfall support is positioned in the upper space of the test box, the rainfall hose is fixed on the rainfall support, and the atomizing nozzle is connected with the rainfall hose, so that the position of rainfall is defined; and a water meter and a water feeding valve are arranged at the corresponding positions of the rainfall hoses.
In order to avoid unnecessary water evaporation in the rainfall device, the water storage device, the rainfall hose and the valve all need to meet the air tightness requirement.
A rainfall amount calibration test is carried out on the rainfall device, a rainfall amount calibration curve is obtained, and the rainfall amount control accuracy is guaranteed.
The temperature control device consists of a plurality of groups of heating bodies and heating body supports; an insulating layer is added outside the test box to prevent the test box from radiating outwards.
The temperature inside the heating body and the test box is calibrated, the temperature calibration curve of the temperature control device is obtained, and the temperature environment of the loess-mudstone side slope is truly simulated.
The test method for simulating the loess-mudstone landslide disaster model with the multi-field coupling by adopting the test device comprises the following steps:
s1: determining a loess-mudstone slope prototype, knowing the slope profile and the local relevant meteorological conditions, and comprehensively considering and determining the model similarity ratio N by combining the size of a test box;
s2: according to the selected model similarity ratio N, determining the selection of materials of loess and a mudstone simulation layer by combining the physical and mechanical properties of loess and loess-mudstone contact surfaces in the loess-mudstone slope prototype;
s3: determining the physical size of the loess-mudstone side slope in the test box according to the selected model similarity ratio N and the loess-mudstone side slope prototype; simultaneously determining an included angle alpha 1 between each mudstone attitude controller and the X-axis direction and an included angle alpha 2 between each mudstone attitude controller and the Y-axis direction, and adjusting the height h of the thin plate;
s4: paving a mudstone simulation layer above a thin plate of the mudstone attitude controller; filling loess in the test box layer by layer, and arranging a soil pressure gauge and a moisture sensor at corresponding positions;
s5: arranging a displacement meter outside the loess-mudstone side slope and monitoring the deformation condition of the side slope surface; meanwhile, a PIV monitoring system is arranged to obtain the integral deformation condition of the loess-mudstone side slope;
s6: determining the volume of distilled water in the water storage device and the number of heating elements according to local meteorological conditions, a rainfall calibration curve of the rainfall device and a temperature calibration curve of the temperature control device;
s7: the test is started, the water transport migration rule in the loess-mudstone side slope is determined through the soil pressure gauge, the water sensor and the PIV monitoring system, the crack formation and development rule in the loess side slope is known, the induction reason and the damage mode of the loess-mudstone landslide are explored, and the loess-mudstone landslide disaster is quantitatively evaluated.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the multi-field coupled loess-mudstone landslide hazard simulation test device provided by the invention has the advantages that the water migration rule in the loess-mudstone side slope is known, the crack formation and development rule in the loess side slope is known, the induction reason and the damage mode of the loess-mudstone landslide are explored, and the loess-mudstone landslide hazard is quantitatively evaluated.
2. The invention is provided with the mudstone attitude controller, can freely and flexibly adjust the azimuth and the height of the mudstone attitude in the space, is used for truly simulating the conditions of different mudstone attitudes in the loess-mudstone side slope, and more truly researches the cause mechanism of loess-mudstone landslide.
3. The mudstone simulation layer is a detachable rubber cushion layer, and rubber cushion layers with different properties can be replaced according to the mechanical properties of the mudstone, so that the properties of the contact surface of the mudstone and the loess-mudstone can be truly simulated.
4. The rainfall device and the temperature control device are arranged at the same time, the environment of the loess-mudstone side slope is simulated reasonably, and the influence of rainfall and temperature on the formation of the loess-mudstone side slope is researched in a coupling mode.
5. The model can simulate loess-mudstone side slopes with different geological conditions according to actual geological conditions and by combining the model similarity rate, can be recycled, and saves cost.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is an elevation view of a loess-mudstone landslide hazard simulation test device with multi-field coupling.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view of a multi-field coupled loess-mudstone landslide hazard simulation test apparatus.
Fig. 3 is an elevation view of mudstone attitude in a multi-field coupled loess-mudstone landslide hazard simulation test device.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a mudstone attitude in the multi-field coupled loess-mudstone landslide hazard simulation test apparatus.
In the figure: 1-test chamber; 2-a rainfall device; 3-a temperature control device; 4-mudstone attitude controller; 5-mudstone simulation layer 6-thin plate; 7-a deflector; 8-hinged support; 9-a telescopic rod; 10-hydraulic jack; 11-a rainfall support; 12-a rain hose; 13-an atomizer; 14-water meter; 15-a water valve; 16-a water storage device; 17-a water pump; 18-a heating element support; 19-a heating element; 20-a heat-insulating layer; 21-loess; 22-soil pressure gauge; 23-a moisture sensor; 24-a displacement meter; 25-PIV monitoring system.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1-4, a multi-field coupled loess-mudstone landslide hazard simulation test device comprises a test box 1 for accommodating loess 21, wherein a rainfall device 2 and a temperature control device 3 are arranged at the upper part of the test box 1; the bottom of the test box 1 is provided with a mudstone attitude controller 4, a mudstone simulation layer 5 is arranged above the mudstone attitude controller 4, and the mudstone attitude controller 4 consists of a thin plate 6, a steering plate 7 arranged below the thin plate 6, a hinged support 8, a telescopic rod 9 and a hydraulic jack 10; freely and flexibly adjusting the position of the thin plate 6 in the space through the steering plate 7 and the hinged support 8, simulating the occurrence of different mudstones in the loess-mudstone side slope, and adjusting the height of the thin plate 6 by matching with the telescopic rod 9 and the hydraulic jack 10 to meet the position of the mudstone in the loess-mudstone side slope. By adopting the device, the loess-mudstone landslide disaster test under the coupling effect of rainfall and temperature can be simulated, so that the formation and development rules of cracks in the loess slope can be known, the induction reason and the damage mode of the loess-mudstone landslide can be explored, and the loess-mudstone landslide disaster can be quantitatively evaluated.
Further, the mudstone simulation layer 5 adopts a detachable rubber cushion layer, and can replace rubber cushion layers with different properties according to mechanical properties of the mudstone, so that the contact surface of the mudstone and the loess-mudstone can be truly simulated. By adopting the above manner, the adaptability is enhanced.
Further, the bottom of the test box 1 is provided with one or more mudstone attitude controllers 4. The mudstone attitude controller 4 described above can be used to simulate loess-mudstone.
Further, the rainfall device 2 comprises a rainfall support 11, a rainfall hose 12, an atomization nozzle 13, a water meter 14, a water feeding valve 15, a water storage device 16 and a water pump 17; the rainfall support 11 is positioned in the upper space of the test box 1, the rainfall hose 12 is fixed on the rainfall support 11, and the atomizing nozzle 13 is connected with the rainfall hose 12, so that the position of rainfall is defined; a water meter 14 and a water feeding valve 15 are arranged at corresponding positions of the rainfall hose 12.
Further, in order to avoid unnecessary evaporation of water in the rainfall apparatus 2, the water storage device 16, the rainfall hose 12 and the valve are required to meet the air tightness requirement.
Furthermore, a rainfall calibration test is carried out on the rainfall device 2, a rainfall calibration curve is obtained, and the rainfall control accuracy is guaranteed. In the specific test process, the rainfall is accurately controlled through the rainfall device 2.
Further, the temperature control device 3 is composed of a plurality of groups of heating elements 19 and heating element supports 18; an insulating layer 20 is added outside the test chamber 1 to prevent the test chamber 1 from radiating heat outwards. The heating element 19 described above can be used for temperature control during the experiment.
Furthermore, the temperature inside the heating element 19 and the test box 1 is calibrated, a temperature calibration curve of the temperature control device 3 is obtained, and the temperature environment of the loess-mudstone side slope is truly simulated. By the control mode, a real simulation environment can be realized.
Example 2:
the test method for simulating the loess-mudstone landslide disaster model with the multi-field coupling by adopting the test device comprises the following steps:
s1: determining a loess-mudstone slope prototype, knowing the slope profile and the local relevant meteorological conditions, and comprehensively considering and determining the model similarity ratio N by combining the size of the test box 1;
s2: according to the selected model similarity ratio N, determining the materials of the loess 21 and the mudstone simulation layer 5 by combining the physical and mechanical properties of the loess and the loess-mudstone contact surface in the loess-mudstone slope prototype;
s3: determining the physical size of the loess-mudstone side slope in the test box according to the selected model similarity ratio N and the loess-mudstone side slope prototype; simultaneously determining an included angle alpha 1 between each mudstone attitude controller 4 and the X-axis direction and an included angle alpha 2 between each mudstone attitude controller 4 and the Y-axis direction, and adjusting the height h of the thin plate 6;
s4: paving a mudstone simulation layer 5 above a thin plate 6 of the mudstone attitude controller 4; filling loess 21 in the test box 1 in layers, and arranging a soil pressure gauge 22 and a moisture sensor 23 at corresponding positions;
s5: arranging a displacement meter 24 outside the loess-mudstone side slope to monitor the deformation condition of the side slope surface; meanwhile, a PIV monitoring system 25 is arranged to obtain the integral deformation condition of the loess-mudstone side slope;
s6: determining the volume of distilled water in the water storage device 17 and the number of the heating elements 19 according to local meteorological conditions, a rainfall calibration curve of the rainfall device 2 and a temperature calibration curve of the temperature control device 3;
s7: the test is started, the water transport migration rule in the loess-mudstone side slope is determined through the soil pressure gauge 22, the water sensor 23 and the PIV monitoring system 25, the crack formation and development rule in the loess side slope is known, the induction reason and the damage mode of the loess-mudstone landslide are explored, and the loess-mudstone landslide disaster is quantitatively evaluated.
Claims (9)
1. A multi-field coupling loess-mudstone landslide disaster simulation test device is characterized by comprising a test box (1) for containing loess (21), wherein a rainfall device (2) and a temperature control device (3) are arranged at the upper part of the test box (1); the bottom of proof box (1) is equipped with mudstone attitude of production controller (4), and mudstone attitude of production controller (4) top is provided with mudstone simulation layer (5), its characterized in that:
the mudstone attitude controller (4) consists of a thin plate (6), a steering plate (7) arranged below the thin plate (6), a hinged support (8), a telescopic rod (9) and a hydraulic jack (10); freely and flexibly adjust the position of the thin plate (6) in the space through the steering plate (7) and the hinged support (8) for simulating the occurrence of different mudstones in the loess-mudstone side slope, and the height of the thin plate (6) is adjusted by matching the telescopic rod (9) and the hydraulic jack (10), so that the position of the mudstone in the loess-mudstone side slope is met.
2. The loess-mudstone landslide hazard simulation test device of claim 1, wherein the mudstone simulation layer (5) adopts a detachable rubber cushion layer and can replace rubber cushion layers with different properties according to mechanical properties of the mudstone so as to realize true simulation of the contact surface of the mudstone and the loess-mudstone.
3. The multi-field coupled loess-mudstone landslide hazard simulation test device as claimed in claim 1, wherein one or more mudstone attitude controllers (4) are provided at the bottom of the test chamber (1).
4. The loess-mudstone landslide hazard simulation test device of claim 1, wherein the rainfall device (2) comprises a rainfall bracket (11), a rainfall hose (12), an atomizing nozzle (13), a water meter (14), a water feeding valve (15), a water storage device (16) and a water pump (17); the rainfall support (11) is positioned in the upper space of the test box (1), the rainfall hose (12) is fixed on the rainfall support (11), and the atomizing nozzle (13) is connected with the rainfall hose (12) to define the position of rainfall; and a water meter (14) and a water feeding valve (15) are arranged at the corresponding position of the rainfall hose (12).
5. The loess-mudstone landslide hazard simulation test device of claim 4, wherein the water storage device (16), the rainfall hose (12) and the valve are all required to meet the air tightness requirement in order to avoid unnecessary evaporation of water in the rainfall device (2).
6. The loess-mudstone landslide hazard simulation test device of claim 4, wherein a rainfall calibration test is performed on the rainfall device (2), a rainfall calibration curve is obtained, and the rainfall control accuracy is ensured.
7. The loess-mudstone landslide hazard simulation test device of claim 1, wherein the temperature control device (3) is composed of a plurality of groups of heating elements (19) and heating element supports (18); an insulating layer (20) is added outside the test box (1) to prevent the test box (1) from radiating outwards.
8. The loess-mudstone landslide hazard simulation test device of claim 7, wherein the temperature inside the heating element (19) and the test box (1) is calibrated to obtain the temperature calibration curve of the temperature control device (3), so as to truly simulate the temperature environment of the loess-mudstone side slope.
9. The test method for simulating the loess-mudstone landslide disaster model in multi-field coupling by using the test device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: determining a loess-mudstone slope prototype, knowing the slope profile and the local relevant meteorological conditions, and comprehensively considering and determining the model similarity ratio N by combining the size of the test box (1);
s2: according to the selected model similarity ratio N, determining the materials of loess (21) and a mudstone simulation layer (5) by combining the physical and mechanical properties of loess and loess-mudstone contact surface in the loess-mudstone slope prototype;
s3: determining the physical size of the loess-mudstone side slope in the test box according to the selected model similarity ratio N and the loess-mudstone side slope prototype; simultaneously determining an included angle alpha 1 between each mudstone attitude controller (4) and the direction of an X axis and an included angle alpha 2 between each mudstone attitude controller and the direction of a Y axis, and adjusting the height h of the thin plate (6);
s4: paving a mudstone simulation layer (5) above a thin plate (6) of the mudstone attitude controller (4); filling loess (21) in the test box (1) layer by layer, and arranging a soil pressure gauge (22) and a moisture sensor (23) at corresponding positions;
s5: arranging a displacement meter (24) outside the loess-mudstone side slope, and monitoring the deformation condition of the side slope surface; meanwhile, a PIV monitoring system (25) is arranged to obtain the integral deformation condition of the loess-mudstone side slope;
s6: according to local meteorological conditions, a rainfall calibration curve of the rainfall device (2) and a temperature calibration curve of the temperature control device (3), the volume of distilled water in the water storage device (17) and the number of the heating elements (19) are determined;
s7: and (3) starting a test, determining the water transportation migration rule in the loess-mudstone side slope through a soil pressure gauge (22), a water sensor (23) and a PIV monitoring system (25), knowing the crack formation and development rule in the loess side slope, exploring the induction reason and the damage mode of the loess-mudstone landslide, and quantitatively evaluating the loess-mudstone landslide disaster.
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