CN103143465B - The analog systems of a kind of Regional Rainfall process and method - Google Patents
The analog systems of a kind of Regional Rainfall process and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the analog systems of a kind of Regional Rainfall process, including: hydrometeorology data base, rainfall generate subsystem, rainfall control subsystem, simulated rainfall subsystem.Also include: regional climate model database and website document data base；Regional climate model, website Data Interpolation device, spatial scaling device；Water yield sprinkling control device, water supply installation, flusher and the sensor being arranged on the physical model of region；Spray unit arranges formation spray unit battle array in length and breadth.The present invention by integrated hydrometeorology data base, rainfall generates system, rainfall controls system and multiple simulated rainfall unit, it is achieved to specifying in region in the past, the generation of the present and following rainfall and simulation.Can better simulating nature rainfall, watershed produces Process of Confluence, the research of Lack-data watershed hydrographic water resource, inspection and optimizes the numerous areas such as hydrographic(al) network configuration, the research of wisdom basin and has important scientific research value.Science tools is provided for Regional Hydrologic simulation study and application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the analog systems of a kind of Regional Rainfall process and method, be a kind of for scientific experiments and to natural, ecological simulation system and method, be a kind of artificial rain system with past, present, future Regional Rainfall process accurate simulation ability and method.
Background technology
Large-scale simulated rainfall system is typically all the large-scale experiment system provided funds by country, prevents and reduces natural disasters or resources protection and development utilizes scientific experiments or the developmental research project of project for large-scale.Such as the simulated rainfall system of: ADMI company of U.S. research and development, and University of tsukuba of Japan, Japan take precautions against natural calamities the simulated rainfall system that the domestic and international well-known research institutions such as Institute Of Science And Technology, Chinese Academy Of Sciences Institute Of Soil And Water Ministry Of Water Resources Conservation, Chang An University, the Yellow River Institute of Hydro-Technical Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing Forestry University, China Agricultural University have.This large scale system can be used for the diastrous weathers such as heavy showers that certain specific region is likely to occur and is simulated, in order to take measures the impact avoiding or reducing natural disaster to society and economic life.
There are two problems in existing large-scale simulated rainfall system: first, and these simulated rainfall systems all can only keep the rainfall of identical raininess to simulate in the Study of the Realization rainfall region.And the realization that rainfall sets is by preliminary analysis, generally dissolves the raininess change procedure of feature rainfall, and this process is controlled as rainfall simulator the foundation of rainfall.But, due to natural precipitation feature, in region, the raininess variation tendency of each point and internal distribution thereof have obvious inhomogeneity, and namely the same area is in same rainfall, the rainfall state of each point inconsistent in region.And existing simulated rainfall system can not inconsistent rainfall in simulated domain.Secondly, due to the rain event data of any point in the impossible collecting zone of existing meteorological data, also without necessary do so, if but in simulation process, ignore the rainfall change of these points, the simulation degree of accuracy that its result is rainfall is not enough, the error making simulation experiment is excessive, it is impossible to meet the needs of scientific application, the serious conclusion that even can produce mistake.In a word, due to the problems referred to above, current international large-scale simulated rainfall system all can not the accurate simulation of feasible region rainfall, its experiment parameter is often only as the reference data of qualitative analysis or rough quantitative analysis.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome problem of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of analog systems and the method for Regional Rainfall process.Described system and method have in setting regions in the past, the ability of the generation of present and following rainfall and accurate simulation.Described system and method utilizes hydrometeorology data base, and the generation of the rainfall of described survey region is analyzed, and produces accurate simulation rainfall scheme.Described system has multiple separate simulated rainfall unit, and the simulated rainfall process of each rainfall unit can independently control.By the combination up to up to a hundred rainfall unit, in the precise physical model scope of the simulated domains of thousands of square metres, according to accurate simulation rainfall scheme, it is achieved the time of rainfall, spatial variations process accurate simulation.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: the analog systems of a kind of Regional Rainfall process, including: hydrometeorology data base, described hydrometeorological data base generates subsystem with rainfall and is connected, described rainfall generates subsystem and is connected with rainfall control subsystem, and described rainfall controls subsystem and is connected with simulated rainfall subsystem；Described hydrometeorology data base includes: regional climate model database and website document data base；Described rainfall generates subsystem and includes: regional climate model, website Data Interpolation device, spatial scaling device；Described simulated rainfall subsystem includes: water yield sprinkling control device, water supply installation, flusher and the rain sensor being arranged on simulated domain physical model；Described flusher is made up of multiple spray unit being arranged on simulated domain physical model overhead, and described spray unit arranges formation spray unit battle array in length and breadth.
A kind of method using said system to carry out Regional Rainfall process simulation, the step of described method is as follows:
Select the step of regional climate model: for the climate model in Selecting research region in regional climate model database as requested；
Search the step of website climatological data: for searching the website climatological data of described survey region in website document data base；
Build the step of accurate simulation rainfall tentative programme: for the rainfall data of the climate model according to survey region and website, build in the past or the rainfall model of following a certain period, or build ongoing rainfall model；Survey region rainfall spatially is divided into the raininess matrix arranged in length and breadth, climate model according to survey region and the rainfall data of website, it is important that the rainfall data of website, the position not having website rainfall data should calculate interpolation, calculate size and the variable quantity of the raininess matrix time dependent rainfall of each matrix unit and variable quantity and raindrop, form accurate simulation rainfall tentative programme；
The step of spatial scaling: for by the simulated domain yardstick that true spatial scaling is physical model of survey region described in accurate simulation rainfall tentative programme, be converted to raininess analog matrix including by raininess matrix according to spatial scaling coefficient, complete accurate simulation rainfall scheme；
The step of simulated rainfall: control subsystem by corresponding with each spray unit in spray unit battle array for each matrix unit of the raininess analog matrix in accurate simulation rainfall scheme for described rainfall, control spray unit spraying operation according to accurate simulation rainfall scheme, and spray whether process meets accurate simulation rainfall scheme according to Sensor monitoring.
The beneficial effect comprise that: the present invention by integrated hydrometeorology data base, rainfall generates system, rainfall controls system and multiple simulated rainfall unit, it is achieved to specifying in region in the past, the generation of the present and following rainfall and simulation.Can better simulating nature rainfall, watershed produces Process of Confluence, the research of Lack-data watershed hydrographic water resource, inspection and optimizes the numerous areas such as hydrographic(al) network configuration, the research of wisdom basin and has important scientific research and actual application value.Science tools is provided for Regional Hydrologic simulation study and production application.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic of system described in embodiments of the invention one；
Fig. 2 is the principle schematic of simulated rainfall subsystem described in embodiments of the invention one；
Fig. 3 is the arrangement schematic diagram of spray unit battle array described in embodiments of the invention two；
Fig. 4 is the arrangement schematic diagram of shower nozzle described in embodiments of the invention three；
Fig. 5 is the rain shade schematic diagram described in embodiments of the invention four;
Fig. 6 is the rain shade schematic diagram described in embodiments of the invention four, is the enlarged drawing of A point in Fig. 5.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment one:
The present embodiment is the analog systems of a kind of Regional Rainfall process, as shown in Figure 1.The present embodiment includes: hydrometeorology data base, described hydrometeorological data base generates subsystem with rainfall and is connected, described rainfall generates subsystem and is connected with rainfall control subsystem, described rainfall controls subsystem and is connected with simulated rainfall subsystem, described rainfall control subsystem is connected with the multiple rain sensors being arranged on the physical model of region and (is limited to do the restriction of figure, only depicting 10 rain sensors in Fig. 1, each spray unit should have at least one to two rain sensors in practice).It can be that general purpose computer or industrial control computer etc. have control and disposal ability computer system that rainfall controls subsystem.Described hydrometeorology data base includes: regional climate model database and website document data base.Described rainfall generates subsystem and includes: regional climate model, website Data Interpolation device, spatial scaling device.Described simulated rainfall subsystem includes: water supply installation, flusher；Described flusher is made up of multiple spray unit being arranged on simulated domain physical model overhead, described spray unit arranges formation spray unit battle array (depicting the spray unit battle array of 10 × 10 in Fig. 1, can have the spray unit battle array more or less than this quantity in reality) in length and breadth.
Described regional climate model database stores the various data needed for regional climate model running, and the data base specifying region natural precipitation simulation is mainly served, according to what the climatic model maintaining web proprietary database adopted was set up, in the source of these data.Regional climate model is a kind of numerical weather prediction model, and the solid physics foundation of this pattern is in that area weather system is simulated by the general physics law according to air motion, using the teaching of the invention it is possible to provide than more comprehensive atmosphere elements data.But due to air motion complex, numerical weather prediction model can only be a kind of simplification of air motion equation group, and its forecast result yet suffers from error.However, numerical weather forecast is as a kind of advanced method of the quantitative rainfall forecast in region, having been subjected to fully paying attention to and research of scientific circles, the numerical weather prediction model such as RegCM, T213L31, MM5 and WRF has played important effect in scientific research and practice.It is possible not only to realize past, present Regional Rainfall process simulation under the driving of climate database, and the Simulation prediction to following rainfall can be realized.Hydrometeorology data base can be the larger memory with server, it is also possible to be the internet database connected by network, it is also possible to be the memorizer in general purpose computer.
Numerical weather prediction model described in the present embodiment can select China National Meteorological Center T213L31 pattern and MM5 and the WRF pattern etc. of HALFS pattern, Japanese model (JMA/GSM), German model (DWD/GRE), the pre-measured center of U.S. environment (NCEP) and American National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR).Wherein, the research of WRF pattern (WeatherResearchandForecastingModel) and application prospect are the most prominent.WRF is a kind of unified mesoscale numerical weather forecast pattern developed by American National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Small and Medium Sized Weather Division, National Environmental forecasting centre (NCEP) environmental simulation center, the prediction research of forecast system laboratory (FSL) and storm Center for Analysis and Prediction (CAPS) four unit consolidation of University of Oklahoma, American National Natural Science Fund In The Light and national marine air office (NOAA) jointly support.The development plan of this pattern began setting up in 1997, within 2000, issues the first edition, and repeatedly issues modified version thereafter.Current latest edition is V3.4.1, in free externally issue on August 16th, 2012.WRF pattern is divided into ARW(AdvancedResearchWRF) and NMM(NonhydrostaticMesoscaleModel) two kinds, namely research is used and two kinds of forms of business, is managed safeguarding by NCEP and NCAR respectively.
The data that the data content of the website document data base described in the present embodiment is mainly observed collected by website by the natural environment of precipitation station, hydrometric station, weather station etc. is constituted.Its Data Source can be the data etc. of Water Year Book, national Meteorological Data Sharing Service net and own observation website.
Rainfall described in the present embodiment generates subsystem by the past, present, future prediction calling numerical weather prediction model in the climate model data base of region and the data set, realize the simulation of different time rainfall in survey region, show that (survey region described in the present embodiment refers to the studied region of the true yardstick of actual ground for the simulated rainfall process of needs, referred to as survey region, after spatial scaling, it is called simulated domain with the region of physical model yardstick one).By to the analysis of website data and utilize the blank in website data correction and supplementary region climate model or error.
Rainfall generates subsystem can common PC, it is also possible to be that server, work station etc. be small-sized or mid-range computer systems.
Website data is more more accurate and direct than regional climate model under normal circumstances, but due to reasons such as economic, society and physical geography conditions, the position distribution of website, laying time etc. are often difficult to directly meet the needs that survey region rainfall is simulated.When survey region station data is comparatively sufficient, for making dense degree uniform, the present embodiment is provided with website Data Interpolation device.Website Data Interpolation device is to utilize Thiessen polygon method, inverse distance squares method, Kriging regression method that station data is interpolated, thus reproducing natural precipitation process in the appointment region appointment time.
The simulation of natural precipitation process also needs to be divided into survey region the territory element of the in length and breadth grid identical with simulated domain, form raininess analog matrix, so could produce different raininess changes in different matrix unit, simulate the raininess change in the different spaces of same time or the same space of different time.
Spatial scaling device is to utilize scale-transformation method by regional climate model or to be converted to the rainfall of simulated rainfall subsystem through the rainfall of the survey region at the appointed time section of interpolation processing and control the module of file.In other words the rainfall of the survey region of physical size is reduced into the simulated rainfall process in the simulated domain of physical model yardstick.This process is not that simple area size is scaled, to carry out the spatial scaling of Regional Rainfall parameter on the one hand according to different research purposes and EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN.Spatial scaling particular content is based on the sprinkler pressure-raininess-raindrop size distribution relation of system spray unit, survey region rainfall is converted to simulated rainfall system control parameters, these control the parameter difference according to test demand, it is possible to include raininess, rainfall, rain time, raindrop kinetic energy, raindrop size distribution composition etc..To pass through accurate calculating, fine simplification on the other hand, reduce the amendment error to initial data in ratio transformation process as much as possible, farthest simulate the rainfall of physical size.After yardstick reduces and revises, the simulated rainfall process of simulated domain is converted to rainfall and controls the rainfall control file required for subsystem by spatial scaling device.
Rainfall controls subsystem and controls file according to rainfall, spray unit battle array in pilot region carries out raininess change and controls, and the rain in simulation study region can change and raindrop size distribution change, it is achieved to the simulation of the rainfall of certain time period in simulated domain.Described rainfall controls file and the raininess in simulated domain is changed distribution in the raininess analog matrix that each is corresponding with spray unit, then the unit key element in raininess transformation matrices is corresponding with each spray unit in spray unit battle array, calculate the time dependent fountain height of each spray unit again, can measure over time including raindrop size distribution and rain, then the fountain height record of each spray unit is controlled in file in rainfall.
Rainfall controls subsystem can adopt central authorities' multiple step format control mode, it would however also be possible to employ direct control method.Described direct control mode is exactly that each spray unit of simulated rainfall subsystem is directly controlled by rainfall control subsystem.Central distribution formula control mode is then for setting up CCC, all electrical equipment regulation and control parts of up to a hundred spray unit subsystems in CCC's auto-control spray unit battle array, namely assigned instruction by central controller to subsystems controller, then performed operation by subsystem controller.Rainfall can by the manual operation under Non-follow control, computer monitoring state and 3 kinds of modes of computer controlled automatic, to meet different control needs.It is capable of the rainfall curve Real-time and Dynamic in the community of the experimental model that each spray unit covers and draws the Real time dynamic display with reality and rainfall historical data, and storage and the download of historical data can be realized.CCC can Real time dynamic display rainfall simulation process, and storage and the download of historical data can be realized, raindrop size distribution and the rain energy of rainfall is measured and recorded to automatic dynamic.
It can be that general purpose computer or industrial control computer etc. have control and disposal ability computer system that rainfall controls subsystem.
Described simulated rainfall subsystem includes water supply installation, flusher 1, as shown in Figure 2 (part that in Fig. 2, broken box is lived represents a spray unit, owing to doing the restriction of figure, depicts three shower nozzles of a spray unit in Fig. 3).Water supply installation is made up of tank 3, water pump 4 and pipeline 6, is furnished with flow control valve 2 pressure transducer 5, and controls the switch valve 7 of each shower nozzle, the water yield that supply flusher is sufficient.Water supply installation can also include circulation filter, makes the current after sprinkling return in tank after filtering and is continuing with, to economize on resources.
Flusher is mainly made up of many spray unit.The number of spray unit generally has up to a hundred even thousands of.The number of its quantity is determined according to manufacturing cost and the precision of experimental facilities.Because spray unit is hardware, equipment is once installation in position, and the quantity of its spray unit just secures, it is impossible to change.The precision of spray unit experimental facilities more at most is more high, but cost is also more high, otherwise the quantity of spray unit precision more at least is more low, and cost also reduces.In spray unit battle array, each spray unit can according to the matrix arrangement alignd in length and breadth, it would however also be possible to employ being staggered of rhombus.The advantage of matrix arrangement is: each spray unit can with the matrix unit key element one_to_one corresponding in raininess transformation matrices, very convenient.The diamond staggering ordered of spray unit can obtain more uniform rainfall simulation.
Spray unit is made up of jet head sets.Not only to simulate the size of rainfall in an experiment, also to simulate the size of raindrop, namely described raindrop size distribution, it is therefore desirable to have the raindrop that the shower nozzle composition jet head sets simulation of various different specification is of all sizes.Jet head sets is generally made up of two to five shower nozzles, and each shower nozzle can spray a range of raindrop when variation in water pressure, and each shower nozzle sprays the raindrop of the scope that varies in size, and forms complete raindrop size distribution.The area that each shower nozzle sprays simultaneously is also different, and the spray area that so can make multiple jet head sets as required is overlapping, increases the fountain height in same area and rainfall distribution uniformity.
Shower nozzle can first with the various shower nozzles with ejection water droplet, for instance: the shower nozzle that garden uses, the shower nozzle etc. used of spraying.The requirements such as the selection of shower nozzle is it suffices that uniformly reliably, antirust anti-blocking, low-maintenance, it is only important that and select the sprinkling that energy is uniform, stable in simulated rainfall process, similar to natural precipitation.
Installing the sensor of detection rainfall on physical model, the simulated rainfall rainfall value that real time dynamic measurement spray unit sprays, with this feedback regulation fountain height, makes rainfall model setting value and testing ground actual rainfall (sprinkling) value consistent.Sensor can be various pluviometer, monitors rainfall accurately.
Namely spray unit battle array described in the present embodiment may be mounted at outdoor can also being arranged in special experiment hall.The lower section of spray unit battle array generally to arrange the physical model of simulated domain.Physical model is physical model that is scaled according to situations such as the landform of simulated domain, landforms, vegetation, soil, subsoil water and that make, it is possible to the simulation this area reaction condition to various rainfall.Physical model is hardware, just cannot change once make molding, and its size is fixing, will affect spatial scaling device by the conversion Calculation of yardstick that the spatial scaling of survey region is simulated domain.
Experiment hall can be installed the large screen display being connected with rainfall control subsystem, the actual rainfall Distribution value at Real time dynamic display rain test scene and relevant information, in order to the timely reference in testing ground.Rainfall change curve and rainfall historical data in experimentation can be recorded in order to being analyzed research as data.
Due to the hysteresis quality of current flowing, in time starting simulated rainfall and stop simulated rainfall, current will not stop at once, always has some undesirable current to occur.For making rainfall simulation exactly accurate, it is possible to arrange between spray unit battle array and physical model can be fast folded rain cover groove.Time rain cover groove is opened, blocking between spray unit and physical model, make the current that spray unit sprays will not be sprayed on physical model, rain cover groove folds the current not affecting spray unit ejection when packing up and is sprayed on physical model.Before starting simulated rainfall, first opening rain cover groove, then start spray unit and spray, the current that at this moment spray unit sprays will not be sprayed on physical model, but returns tank along rain cover concentrated flow.After the current sprayed reach the requirement set, refolding packs up rain cover groove, makes spray unit that physical model to be sprayed, and simulated rainfall process starts.When simulated rainfall terminates time, it is first turned on rain cover groove, blocks the current of spray unit ejection, the end of simulated rainfall process.So utilize opening and folding packing up of rain cover groove, it is possible to the beginning of accurate simulated rainfall process and end.
Embodiment two:
The present embodiment is embodiment one improvement, is the embodiment one refinement about spray unit battle array.In the present embodiment spray unit battle array, four adjacent spray unit diamondwise arrangements, spray unit battle array entirety becomes criss-cross arrangement, as shown in Figure 3.
The arrangement of spray unit battle array described in the present embodiment is a kind of horizontally-arranged alignment, and tandem is staggered, or tandem alignment, horizontally-arranged staggered form (Fig. 3 is tandem alignment, horizontally-arranged staggered form).In figure, solid line small circle represents that spray unit, big dashed circle represent the spraying range of a spray unit, and four adjacent spray unit form rhombus, as shown in the thick dot-dash wire frame in Fig. 3 upper left corner.The spraying range of adjacent several spray unit overlaps each other, and sprays region uniformly at intermediate formation on the whole, the part lived with solid wire frame in Fig. 3.
Embodiment three:
The present embodiment is the improvement of above-described embodiment, is the above-described embodiment refinement about spray unit, as shown in Figure 4.Spray unit described in the present embodiment by big 102, in 103 and the shower nozzle of little 101 3 kinds of specifications surround an equilateral triangle, the spray unit of one three shower nozzle of composition.
Three shower nozzles described in the present embodiment can spray different size of raindrop, forms complete raindrop size distribution, it is possible to simulates various natural rainfall.The arrangement of equilateral triangle is in order to the sprinkling region of three shower nozzles is overlapped, and does not interfere with each other.One, two or three shower nozzles can be opened during sprinkling as required, form different raininess and raindrop size distribution.
Embodiment four:
The present embodiment is the improvement of above-described embodiment, is the above-described embodiment refinement about shower nozzle.Shower nozzle described in the present embodiment can select vertical spin following spray shower nozzle.This is a kind of water out shower nozzle with rotating vane.When water sprays from outlet, due to the effect of pressure and gravity, impacting the blade on outlet, blade rotates, and is broken up by current, forms water droplet, the water droplet of simulated rainfall.
Embodiment five:
The present embodiment is the improvement of above-described embodiment, is the refinement of above-described embodiment, as shown in Figure 5,6.Spray unit battle array 10 described in the present embodiment be connected with automatic rain shading groove 9.
Automatic rain shading groove described in the present embodiment is arranged between physical model 8 and spray unit, as shown in Figure 5.Automatic rain shading groove is a groove being in strip, and what Fig. 6 represented is the shape of cross section of groove, it is possible to folding and retraction, and what in Fig. 6, dotted line represented is that groove folds the state packed up, state that groove opens that what solid line represented is.Opening and packing up of groove can use driven by motor, and opening and pack up should be fast as much as possible, in order to simulates the initial of true rainfall as far as possible or terminates.Owing to doing the restriction of figure, figure can only draw two folded slots, reality can have multiple folded slot.
Embodiment six:
The present embodiment is the improvement of above-described embodiment, is the above-described embodiment refinement about rain sensor, and the rain sensor described in the present embodiment is wireless automatic rain gauge.
Embodiment seven:
The present embodiment is a kind of method using system described in above-described embodiment to carry out Regional Rainfall process simulation, and the step of described method is as follows:
Select the step of regional climate model: for the climate model in Selecting research region in regional climate model database as requested.Selecting properly climate model is particularly significant, and it is characterized by model must be enough accurate, but also to meet the requirement of cost, and according to the Regional suitability of model and the existing data cases for checking.First, according to existing research carry out model can availability and Regional suitability analysis.Choose the regional climate model being easily obtained complete code, and analyze whether its Non-adiabatic physics adapts to Meteorological and the simulation requirement of survey region.Secondly, analog capability and the Analysis of The Practicability of model are carried out according to existing research.Selection Model principle is advanced, it is respond well to simulate and calculates the regional climate model that speed is up to standard, and according to actual measurement rainfall corresponding in website document data base, model parameter is carried out calibration repeatedly, thus ensureing the simulation precision of model.
Search the step of website climatological data: for searching the website climatological data of described survey region in website document data base.The meteorological data of website is selected, including rainfall, temperature, wind speed and humidity etc., and by meteorological element assignment to each moment, in order to the meteorological process clearly observed according to research period and survey region.
Build the step of accurate simulation rainfall tentative programme: for the rainfall data of the climate model according to survey region and website, build in the past or the rainfall model of following a certain period, or build ongoing rainfall model；Survey region rainfall spatially is divided into the raininess matrix arranged in length and breadth, climate model according to survey region and the rainfall data of website, the particularly rainfall data of website, the position not having website rainfall data should calculate interpolation, calculate size and the variable quantity of the raininess matrix time dependent rainfall of each matrix unit and variable quantity and raindrop, form accurate simulation rainfall tentative programme.For having survey region and the period of more complete website rainfall data, the preferential rainfall data using website, the unit of raininess matrix corresponding to survey region is interpolated calculating；For the simulated domain incomplete without actual measurement website rainfall data or website rainfall data and period, adopt the rain fall of climatic simulation correspondence period simulated domain, and be interpolated in the raininess matrix unit of correspondence.
The step of spatial scaling: for by the simulated domain yardstick that true spatial scaling is physical model of survey region described in accurate simulation rainfall tentative programme, be converted to raininess analog matrix including by raininess matrix according to spatial scaling coefficient, complete accurate simulation rainfall scheme.Spatial scaling is on the basis of actual rainfall reduction, determines that simulated rainfall system rainfall controls the process of file according to concrete test objective.Carry out the criterion that spatial scaling mainly considers to have: energy criteria, water yield criterion etc..Conversion is determined mainly by model dimension conversion coefficient and coefficient adjustment thereof.As studied Soil erosion adjoint in rainfall and the defeated shifting of terrestrial materials, owing to soil stripping and the defeated shifting of material are limited mainly by raindrop energy affect, this is the similar distribution of the rainfall energy mainly considered in rainfall in unit are；During as studied Lack-data watershed hydrologic process, it is necessary to obtain under assigned frequency condition of raining, survey region produces Process of Confluence, at this moment primary concern is that the SEA LEVEL VARIATION process specifying section in Process of Confluence of producing, the similar distribution of precipitation in main consideration duration of raining.
Carry out the spatial scaling of Regional Rainfall parameter according to different research purposes and EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN, namely different spatial scaling coefficients is set according to different research purposes and carries out spatial scaling.Spatial scaling particular content is based on the sprinkler pressure-raininess-raindrop size distribution relation of system spray unit, survey region rainfall is converted to simulated rainfall system control parameters, these control the parameter difference according to test demand, it is possible to include raininess, rainfall, rain time, raindrop kinetic energy, raindrop size distribution composition etc..
Spatially, it is necessary first to according to the geometric scale conversion coefficient of simulated domain Yu survey region, simulated rainfall area is carried out scale conversion:
... (1)
... (2)
In formula, ix、iyThe respectively spatial scaling coefficient in x, y direction, Lx、LyFor survey region x, y direction physical length, lx、lyFor x, y direction, simulated rainfall region length.
The step of simulated rainfall: control subsystem by corresponding with each spray unit in spray unit battle array for each matrix unit of the rainfall simulation matrix in accurate simulation rainfall scheme for described rainfall, control spray unit spraying operation according to accurate simulation rainfall scheme, and spray whether process meets accurate simulation rainfall scheme according to Sensor monitoring.This step includes two processes: one is sprinkling process, a monitoring process.Sprinkling process is to spray according to accurate simulation each spray unit of rainfall scheme, simulated rainfall process.Owing to each spray unit can control raininess respectively, each spray unit can spray various different raindrop simultaneously, it is possible to the simulated rainfall various changes on space-time.Meanwhile, offer rainfall size and change that the pluviometer on physical model can be real-time are provided.According to the data that pluviometer provides, rainfall controls subsystem and constantly examines rainfall with accurate simulation rainfall scheme, and control is constantly adjusted.This process can use close loop negative feedback Automatic Control Theory to be controlled, and uses approximant control algolithm, and the facility such as water pump, flow control valve is regulated and controled, it is achieved the control to rainfall.
The application example of the system and method according to above-described embodiment:
Described real case simulation rainfall facility is divided into small watershed trial zone simulated rainfall system (rain area 26m × 40m), and effective rainfall area is 1040m2.Simulated rainfall region divides 11 Ge great districts, and each big zoning is divided into 10 spray unit.Rainfall controls subsystem and can the raininess process of each spray unit individually be regulated and controled, and each spray unit raininess process can according to the accurate simulation rainfall scheme independent assortment set, thus and process interval in test realizes the change in time and space of different raindrop type.
Spray unit is laid and is adopted rhombus cloth to manage, and each jet head sets center of circle spacing is 2.2 meters, and 4 spray unit 4 heavily overlap, as shown in Figure 3.Each spray unit sets up three shower nozzles, is triangularly arranged at grade.Shower nozzle effective rainfall height 12m, rainfall raininess consecutive variations ranges for 10mm/h 200mm/h, and between different raininess, the conversion time is less than 6min.The constant raininess rainfall uniformity: more than 0.8.Rainfall raindrop size distribution: overall raindrop diameter excursion 0.5-4.3mm.Wherein 1# shower nozzle raindrop excursion 0.5-0.9mm, 2# shower nozzle raindrop excursion 0.8-2.3mm, 3# shower nozzle raindrop excursion 1.9-4.3mm.By opening different nozzle switch assembled state and regulating nozzle hydraulic, it is possible to form various different raindrop size distribution composition.
Compbined test hall simulated rainfall system is intended adopting central authorities' intelligence multiple step format to control, and sets up CCC and multiple subsystem controller.The CCC's all electrical equipment regulation and control parts by subsystem controller each spray unit of auto-control, are namely assigned instruction by central controller to subsystems controller, then are performed operation by subsystem controller.Rainfall can by the manual operation under Non-follow control, computer monitoring state and 3 kinds of modes of computer controlled automatic, to meet different control needs.The rainfall curve of each spray unit can be carried out Real-time and Dynamic drafting by CCC, the Real time dynamic display of reality rainfall historical data (can simultaneously display on the display screen of the heart and the large screen display in Comprehensive Experiment hall in the controlling), and storage and the download of historical data can be realized.
Simulated rainfall controls subsystem and adopts closed loop control method, namely the pluviometer laid at rainfall area exactly can monitor the size of rainfall intensity in real time, and send data to control station, approximant relative analysis is carried out with the raininess value set, the assembly such as valve, pressure regulator valve is regulated again through flow automatic regulation, change water supply pressure and flow, thus the natural precipitation of the more convenient different raininess of simulation exactly.This variable step infinitely approaches the control method of setting value, both removal system calibration error, pipeline, shower nozzle accidentalia rainfall can be affected, and can well eliminate again the delayed inertial fluctuation of precipitation, make raininess regulation and control more steadily, quickly.It addition, the CCC in compbined test hall can be uniformly controlled outdoor simulating rainfall system.
The large screen display in compbined test hall can Real time dynamic display rainfall region average rainfall intensity, storm centre coordinate and raininess, specified coordinate position raininess and relevant information, in order to the timely reference in testing ground.
The regional climate model adopted in this example is static ground data needed for WRF pattern (WeatherResearchandForecastingModel) mode computation from WRF official website:
Http:// www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/download/get_sources.html；
Initial fields and boundary field file are from the FNL(FinalAnalysis of NCEP) data:
http://dss.ucar.edu/datasets/ds083.2/。
This model maintenance site databases, except historical data, also includes satellite monitoring, stands and net the reprocessing data of monitoring and other model prediction data.By realizing specifying the model data that in survey region, set period rainfall simulation is required with the connection of its maintaining web data.
Use WRF pattern that simulated domain carries out rainfall simulation to calculate.First, in pattern, simulated domain is set, simulated domain is divided into grid matrix.For making full use of high-resolution ground data, considering the needs of WRF pattern output grid precision simultaneously, be typically in WRF mode parameter file and be set to 3 layers of nesting, primary and secondary Grid Nesting ratio is 1:3:3.Such as, arranging outermost layer mesh point layout from for 9km, intermediate layer mesh point lattice are from for 3km, and innermost layer mesh point lattice are from for 1km.The central point of grid matrix can be located at other positions within the center of simulated domain or simulated domain, the lattice point number of three layers grid lattice according to the center position of grid matrix and each layer grid respectively obtain from calculating, it is desirable to innermost layer grid is completely covered simulated domain four corner.Secondly, WRF mode parameter is set by two Parameter Files of namelist.wps and namelist.input, calculates the determination etc. of moment, the setting of each Non-adiabatic physics and mode computation parameter including the start-stop of pattern.Such as, when the simulation initial time arranged in the simulation mode is 16 days 08 August in 2000, when simulation end time is 17 days 08 August in 2000 (being the Greenwich time)；Within every 6 hours, update boundary condition, during the boundary field file namely inputted respectively 16 days 08 August in 2000,14 time, 20 time, 17 days 02 August in 2000 time, 08 time etc. 5 files；Output result interval is 15 minutes, when the rainfall correspondence moment namely exported is 16 days 08 August in 2000 00 when separately beginning to 17 days 08 August in 2000 00 time 97 moment being spaced apart 15 minutes of terminating；The step-length time of integration in mode computation is 3 minutes, and primary and secondary domain integral step-length ratio is 1:3:3；The maximum nested region number of simulated domain is 3, and primary and secondary Grid Nesting ratio is 1:3:3；Vertical layered is 27 layers；It is set to Two-way Feedback between ectonexine grid, makes coarse grid be modeled as refined net simulation and more detailed initial fields and boundary field are provided, also make overall analog result more reasonable simultaneously.Each Non-adiabatic physics includes radiative process (RadiationProcesses), land surface emissivity (SurfaceProcesses), boundary layer processes (PBLProcesses), cumulus process (CumulusProcesses) and microphysical processes (MicrophysicsProcesses) etc., is determined by literature survey and manual tentative calculation.Then, it is compiled WRF pattern calculating under linux environment, output covers the rainfall analog result of simulated domain four corner, rainfall analog result spatial accuracy with innermost layer grid lattice from consistent, rainfall analog result time precision is consistent with the output result interval of setting, namely obtains the hourly precipitation process of each grid.Finally, adopt Thiessen polygon method, the hourly precipitation process of each grid is interpolated in each matrix unit of rainfall simulation matrix, form accurate simulation rainfall tentative programme.
Embodiment eight:
The present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment seven, is the embodiment seven refinement about spatial scaling step.In the step of the spatial scaling described in the present embodiment, for the physical experiments of single landform, described spatial scaling coefficient is 1, and the rainfall namely obtained after space transforming is directly used in simulated rainfall process.
During for the physical experiments of single landform: the main similarity considering Rainfall Characteristics.Raindrop size distribution, raindrop speed, the raindrop uniformity and raininess etc. and natural rainfall similarity completely.By the debugging of spray unit at the similarity achieving these Rainfall Characteristics and natural rainfall.It is therefore contemplated that the spatial scaling coefficient of natural rainfall and simulated rainfall is 1, the rainfall namely obtained after space transforming is directly used in simulated rainfall process.
Embodiment nine:
The present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment seven, is the embodiment seven refinement about spatial scaling step.In the step of the spatial scaling described in the present embodiment, for research runoff process physical model test, described spatial scaling coefficient is:
,
Namely to slope concentration process, rainfall intensity spatial scaling coefficient iiNeed with flow velocity, infiltrate and obey unified spatial scaling coefficient.
During for research runoff process physical model test:
The small watershed equation that confluxes can be described with SaintVenant equation:
... (3)
... (4)
In formula, x is for flowing to；H is the depth of water；V is flow velocity；(x, y) for rainfall intensity for i；(x, y) for permeability model for f；(x, t) for effective rainfall intensity for r；J, JFThe respectively gradient and friction gradient；For acceleration of gravity.
Although all available equation of slope concentration and the concentration of channel is described, but major influence factors between the two differs greatly.Accordingly, it would be desirable to the purpose according to simulated rainfall determines different simulated rainfall spatial scaling coefficients.It should be noted that owing to the purpose of physical simulation rain test is different, the not equal reason of major influence factors, spatial scaling relation is complex.Only illustrate for linear spatial scaling coefficient herein.
When studying slope concentration, when meeting geometric is similar, it may be assumed that
ix=iy=iZ... (5)
In formula, iZSpatial scaling coefficient for vertical direction.
Then have:
... (6)
In formula, ilFor simulated rainfall spatial scaling coefficient, L, l respectively survey region, simulated rainfall section length.
By formula (6) for prototype, and convert the physical quantity spatial scaling coefficient of study area to corresponding simulated rainfall district physical quantity, namely
xy=ilxl, yy=ilyl, zy=ilzl, hy=ilvl
It is changed arranging to formula (3):
... (7)
According to similar first theorem, similar physical phenomenon should be described by identical physical equation, namely has:
... (8)
... (9)
In formula, ivFor flow rate of water flow spatial scaling coefficient, iiFor rainfall intensity spatial scaling coefficient, ifFor infiltration of ground surface intensity dimension conversion coefficient, irFor effective rainfall intensity spatial scaling coefficient, ilFor geometric scale conversion coefficient, itFor rain time spatial scaling coefficient.
Namely to slope concentration process, for meeting Process of Confluence regulation and control needs, rainfall intensity spatial scaling coefficient iiNeed with flow velocity, infiltrate and obey unified spatial scaling coefficient.
Finally it should be noted that, below only in order to technical scheme to be described and unrestricted, although the present invention being described in detail with reference to preferred arrangement scheme, it will be understood by those within the art that, can to technical scheme (the such as annexation between subsystems, the arrangement mode etc. of spray unit) modify or equivalent replacement, without deviating from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the analog systems of a Regional Rainfall process, it is characterized in that, including: hydrometeorology data base, described hydrometeorological data base generates subsystem with rainfall and is connected, described rainfall generates subsystem and is connected with rainfall control subsystem, and described rainfall controls subsystem and is connected with simulated rainfall subsystem；Described hydrometeorology data base includes: regional climate model database and website document data base；Described rainfall generates subsystem and includes: regional climate model, website Data Interpolation device, spatial scaling device；Described simulated rainfall subsystem includes: water yield sprinkling control device, water supply installation, flusher and the rain sensor being arranged on simulated domain physical model；Described flusher is made up of multiple spray unit being arranged on simulated domain physical model overhead, and described spray unit arranges formation spray unit battle array in length and breadth.
2. analog systems according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in described spray unit battle array, four adjacent spray unit diamondwise arrangements, spray unit battle array entirety becomes criss-cross arrangement.
3. analog systems according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that three shower nozzles that described spray unit is surrounded an equilateral triangle by the shower nozzle of large, medium and small three kinds of specifications form.
4. analog systems according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described shower nozzle is vertical spin following spray shower nozzle.
5. analog systems according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described spray unit battle array be connected with automatic rain shading groove.
6. analog systems according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described rain sensor is wireless automatic rain gauge.
7. using the method that system described in claim 1 carries out Regional Rainfall process simulation, the step of described method is as follows:
Select the step of regional climate model: for selecting the climate model of simulated domain as requested in regional climate model database；
Search the step of website climatological data: for searching the website climatological data of described simulated domain in website document data base；
It is characterized in that:
Build the step of accurate simulation rainfall tentative programme: for the rainfall data of the climate model according to survey region and website, build in the past or the rainfall model of following a certain period, or build ongoing rainfall model；Survey region rainfall spatially is divided into the raininess matrix arranged in length and breadth, climate model according to survey region and the rainfall data of website, it is important that the rainfall data of website, the position not having website rainfall data should calculate interpolation, calculate size and the variable quantity of the raininess matrix time dependent rainfall of each matrix unit and variable quantity and raindrop, form accurate simulation rainfall tentative programme；
The step of spatial scaling: for by the simulated domain yardstick that true spatial scaling is physical model of survey region described in accurate simulation rainfall tentative programme, be converted to raininess analog matrix including by raininess matrix according to spatial scaling coefficient, complete accurate simulation rainfall scheme；
The step of simulated rainfall: control subsystem by corresponding with each spray unit in spray unit battle array for each matrix unit of the raininess analog matrix in accurate simulation rainfall scheme for described rainfall, control spray unit spraying operation according to accurate simulation rainfall scheme, and spray whether process meets accurate simulation rainfall scheme according to Sensor monitoring.
8. method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that in the step of described spatial scaling, for the physical experiments of single landform, the rainfall obtained after space conflicts is directly used in simulated rainfall process.
9. method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that in the step of described spatial scaling, for research runoff process physical model test, described spatial scaling coefficient is:
iv=ii=if=ir=il/it,
In formula, ivFor flow rate of water flow spatial scaling coefficient, iiFor rainfall intensity spatial scaling coefficient, ifFor infiltration of ground surface intensity dimension conversion coefficient, irFor effective rainfall intensity spatial scaling coefficient, ilFor geometric scale conversion coefficient, itFor rain time spatial scaling coefficient；Namely to slope concentration process, rainfall intensity spatial scaling coefficient iiNeed with flow velocity, infiltrate and obey unified spatial scaling coefficient.
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