CN114295806B - Multi-field coupling loess-mudstone landslide disaster simulation test device and method - Google Patents
Multi-field coupling loess-mudstone landslide disaster simulation test device and method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011158 quantitative evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a multi-field coupling loess-mudstone landslide disaster simulation test device and a method, wherein a rainfall device and a temperature control device are arranged at the upper part of a test box; the bottom of the test box is provided with a mudstone attitude controller, a mudstone simulation layer is arranged above the mudstone attitude controller, and the mudstone attitude controller consists of a thin plate, a steering plate arranged below the thin plate, a hinged support, a telescopic rod and a hydraulic jack; the azimuth of the thin plate in the space is freely and flexibly adjusted through the steering plate and the hinged support, the position of the thin plate is used for simulating the occurrence of different mudstones in the loess-mudstone slope, and the height of the thin plate is adjusted by matching with the telescopic rod and the hydraulic jack, so that the position of the mudstones in the loess-mudstone slope is met. Knowing the crack formation and development rule in loess slope, exploring the induction reason and damage mode of loess-mudstone landslide, and quantitatively evaluating loess-mudstone landslide disasters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geological disaster model tests, and particularly relates to a multi-field coupling loess-mudstone landslide disaster simulation test device.
Background
Loess distribution in China is wide, loess-mudstone landslide is one of the most main geological disasters in northwest areas of China, and has high occurrence frequency, wide scope of application and stronger disaster causing capability, and along with the increase of extreme weather, the loess-mudstone disasters are in a situation of easy occurrence and frequent occurrence. In the face of such severe situation, the related research work of loess-mudstone landslide disasters is urgent, and the method has important significance for guaranteeing the life and property safety of people so as to better serve the disaster prevention and reduction requirements.
The loess has strong water sensitivity, namely the water content in the loess has important influence on the mechanical property of the loess, and the loess is loose in structure and vertical in joint development, so that relatively convenient conditions are provided for rainfall infiltration; the change in temperature affects the evaporation of water in loess. Therefore, rainfall and temperature changes have an important effect on the stability of the loess-mudstone slope. In addition, in geological disaster investigation, it was found that the "double-layer hetero" structure of loess-mudstone itself causes a change in the mechanical properties of loess near the loess-mudstone contact surface, creating a weak surface, and extremely easily inducing landslide. Therefore, the loess-mudstone landslide disaster can not be comprehensively revealed by considering a certain factor alone, and the loess-mudstone landslide disaster can be quantitatively evaluated. In addition, the field test has high implementation cost, and the change of influencing factors cannot be accurately controlled, so that a loess-mudstone landslide disaster simulation test device considering multi-field coupling is urgently needed.
Patent CN 112269013A discloses a landslide hazard simulation test device with multiple physical field coupling, which comprises a box body, a vibration simulation mechanism, a rainfall simulation mechanism and an illumination simulation mechanism. The invention emphasizes multiple physical field coupling, but is not applicable to a simple uniformity slope, such a "double-layer hetero" structure for loess-mudstone.
The paper "heavy rainfall induced loess-mudstone landslide mechanism test research in Gansu Tianshui area" discloses a loess-mudstone landslide test device taking rainfall factors into consideration, which consists of a test box and a rainfall simulation device, wherein the 'double-layer heterogeneous' structure of the yellow soil-mudstone in the test box is used for stacking the mudstone and the loess respectively through manpower. The device has large test workload, and the influence of the spatial morphology of the mudstone on the stability of the loess-mudstone slope is not considered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to reveal the migration law of water migration in loess-mudstone slopes under the coupling effect of rainfall and temperature, understand the formation and development law of cracks in the loess slopes, explore the induction cause and the damage mode of loess-mudstone landslide, and quantitatively evaluate loess-mudstone landslide disasters.
In order to achieve the technical characteristics, the aim of the invention is realized in the following way: a multi-field coupling loess-mudstone landslide disaster simulation test device comprises a test box for containing loess, wherein a rainfall device and a temperature control device are arranged at the upper part of the test box; the bottom of test box is equipped with mud rock attitude control ware, and mud rock attitude control ware top is provided with mud rock analog layer, its characterized in that:
the mudstone attitude controller consists of a thin plate, a steering plate arranged below the thin plate, a hinged support, a telescopic rod and a hydraulic jack; the azimuth of the thin plate in the space is freely and flexibly adjusted through the steering plate and the hinged support, the position of the thin plate is used for simulating the occurrence of different mudstones in the loess-mudstone slope, and the height of the thin plate is adjusted by matching with the telescopic rod and the hydraulic jack, so that the position of the mudstones in the loess-mudstone slope is met.
The mudstone simulation layer adopts a detachable rubber cushion layer, and can replace rubber cushion layers with different properties according to the mechanical properties of the mudstone so as to truly simulate the contact surface of the mudstone and the loess-mudstone.
And one or more mudstone attitude controllers are arranged at the bottom of the test box.
The rainfall device comprises a rainfall bracket, a rainfall hose, an atomization nozzle, a water meter, a water feeding valve, a water storage device and a water pump; the rainfall bracket is positioned in the upper space of the test box, the rainfall hose is fixed on the rainfall bracket, and the atomizing nozzle is connected with the rainfall hose to determine the rainfall position; and a water meter and a water feeding valve are arranged at the corresponding positions of the rainfall hose.
In order to avoid unnecessary evaporation of water in the rainfall device, the water storage device, the rainfall hose and the valve all need to meet the air tightness requirement.
And a rainfall calibration test is carried out on the rainfall device, so that a rainfall calibration curve is obtained, and the accuracy of rainfall control is ensured.
The temperature control device consists of a plurality of groups of heating elements and heating element supports; and an insulating layer is added outside the test box to prevent the test box from radiating outwards.
And calibrating the internal temperatures of the heating element and the test box to obtain a temperature calibration curve of the temperature control device, and truly simulating the temperature environment of the loess-mudstone slope.
The test method for simulating the loess-mudstone landslide disaster mode of multi-field coupling by adopting the test device comprises the following steps:
s1: determining loess-mudstone slope prototypes, knowing slope profiles and local relevant meteorological conditions, combining the sizes of test boxes, and comprehensively considering and determining a model similarity ratio N;
s2: according to the selected model similarity ratio N, combining physical and mechanical properties of loess and loess-mudstone contact surfaces in the loess-mudstone slope prototype, and determining materials of the loess and mudstone simulation layers;
s3: determining the physical size of a loess-mudstone slope in the test box according to the selected model similarity ratio N and the loess mudstone slope prototype; simultaneously determining an included angle alpha 1 between each mudstone attitude controller and the X-axis direction and an included angle alpha 2 between each mudstone attitude controller and the Y-axis direction, and adjusting the height h of the thin plate;
s4: paving a mudstone simulation layer above a sheet of a mudstone attitude controller; filling loess in a test box in a layered manner, and arranging a soil pressure gauge and a moisture sensor at corresponding positions;
s5: a displacement meter is arranged outside the loess-mudstone slope, and deformation conditions of the slope surface are monitored; meanwhile, an PIV monitoring system is arranged to obtain the overall deformation condition of the loess-mudstone slope;
s6: determining the volume of distilled water and the number of heating elements in the water storage device according to local meteorological conditions, a rainfall calibration curve of the rainfall device and a temperature calibration curve of the temperature control device;
s7: the method is characterized in that a test is started, a loess-mudstone landslide disaster is quantitatively evaluated by determining a migration rule of moisture in a loess-mudstone slope through a soil pressure gauge, a moisture sensor and a PIV monitoring system, knowing a crack formation and development rule in the loess slope and exploring an induction reason and a damage mode of the loess-mudstone landslide.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the multi-field coupling loess-mudstone landslide disaster simulation test device provided by the invention has the advantages that the migration rule of the water in the loess-mudstone slope is known, the crack formation and development rule in the loess slope is known, the induction reason and the damage mode of the loess-mudstone landslide are explored, and the loess-mudstone landslide disaster is quantitatively evaluated.
2. The invention is provided with the mudstone attitude controller, can freely and flexibly adjust the azimuth and the height of the mudstone attitude in the space, is used for truly simulating the conditions of different mudstone attitude in the loess-mudstone slope, and can more truly research the cause mechanism of the loess-mudstone landslide.
3. According to the invention, the mudstone simulation layer is a detachable rubber cushion layer, and the rubber cushion layers with different properties can be replaced according to the mechanical properties of the mudstone, so that the properties of the mudstone and the loess-mudstone contact surface can be truly simulated.
4. The invention is provided with the rainfall device and the temperature control device at the same time, reasonably simulates the environment of the loess-mudstone slope, and research the influence of rainfall and temperature on the formation of the loess-mudstone slope in a coupling way.
5. The model can simulate loess-mudstone slopes of different geological conditions according to actual geological conditions and combining model similarity, can be reused, and saves cost.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is an elevation view of a multi-field coupled loess-mudstone landslide hazard simulation test device.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view of a multi-field coupled loess-mudstone landslide hazard simulation test device.
Fig. 3 is an elevation view of mudstone appearance in the multi-field coupled loess-mudstone landslide hazard simulation test device.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of mudstone appearance in the multi-field coupled loess-mudstone landslide hazard simulation test device.
In the figure: 1-a test box; 2-a rainfall device; 3-a temperature control device; 4-mudstone attitude controller; 5-a mudstone simulation layer 6-a thin plate; 7-a steering plate; 8-hinging support; 9-a telescopic rod; 10-a hydraulic jack; 11-rainfall bracket; 12-rainfall hose; 13-atomizing spray heads; 14-a water meter; 15-a water valve; 16-a water storage device; 17-a water pump; 18-a heating body support; 19-a heating element; 20-an insulating layer; 21-loess; 22-soil pressure gauge; a 23-moisture sensor; 24-displacement meter; 25-PIV monitoring system.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1 to 4, a multi-field coupled loess-mudstone landslide hazard simulation test device comprises a test box 1 for accommodating loess 21, wherein a rainfall device 2 and a temperature control device 3 are arranged at the upper part of the test box 1; the bottom of the test box 1 is provided with a mudstone attitude controller 4, a mudstone simulation layer 5 is arranged above the mudstone attitude controller 4, and the mudstone attitude controller 4 consists of a thin plate 6, a steering plate 7 arranged below the thin plate 6, a hinged support 8, a telescopic rod 9 and a hydraulic jack 10; the azimuth of the thin plate 6 in the space is freely and flexibly adjusted through the steering plate 7 and the hinged support 8, so that the position of the thin plate 6 can be adjusted by simulating the occurrence of different mudstones in the loess-mudstone slope and matching with the telescopic rod 9 and the hydraulic jack 10, and the position of the mudstones in the loess-mudstone slope can be met. Through adopting above-mentioned device can simulate rainfall and temperature coupling under loess-mudstone landslide disaster test, and then know the crack formation and the development rule in the loess slope, explore loess-mudstone landslide's induction cause, destruction mode, quantitative evaluation loess-mudstone landslide disaster.
Further, the mudstone simulation layer 5 adopts a detachable rubber cushion layer, and can replace rubber cushion layers with different properties according to the mechanical properties of the mudstone, so as to realize the real simulation of the contact surface of the mudstone and the loess-mudstone. By adopting the mode, the adaptability is enhanced.
Further, one or more mudstone attitude controllers 4 are arranged at the bottom of the test chamber 1. The mudstone-producing controller 4 described above can be used to simulate loess-mudstone.
Further, the rainfall device 2 comprises a rainfall bracket 11, a rainfall hose 12, an atomization nozzle 13, a water meter 14, a water feeding valve 15, a water storage device 16 and a water pump 17; the rainfall bracket 11 is positioned in the upper space of the test box 1, the rainfall hose 12 is fixed on the rainfall bracket 11, the atomizing nozzle 13 is connected with the rainfall hose 12, and the rainfall position is defined; a water meter 14 and a water supply valve 15 are arranged at corresponding positions of the rainfall hose 12.
Further, in order to avoid unnecessary evaporation of water in the rainfall device 2, the water storage device 16, the rainfall hose 12 and the valve all need to meet the air tightness requirement.
Further, a rainfall calibration test is performed on the rainfall device 2, a rainfall calibration curve is obtained, and the accuracy of rainfall control is ensured. In a specific test process, the rainfall is accurately controlled by the rainfall device 2.
Further, the temperature control device 3 is composed of a plurality of groups of heating elements 19 and heating element supports 18; an insulating layer 20 is added outside the test chamber 1 to prevent the test chamber 1 from radiating outwards. The heating element 19 described above can be used for temperature control during the experiment.
Furthermore, the temperature inside the heating body 19 and the test box 1 is calibrated, a temperature calibration curve of the temperature control device 3 is obtained, and the temperature environment of the loess-mudstone slope is truly simulated. By the control mode, a real simulation environment can be realized.
Example 2:
the test method for simulating the loess-mudstone landslide disaster mode of multi-field coupling by adopting the test device comprises the following steps:
s1: determining loess-mudstone slope prototype, knowing slope profile and local relevant meteorological conditions, combining the size of the test box 1, and comprehensively considering and determining model similarity ratio N;
s2: according to the selected model similarity ratio N, combining physical and mechanical properties of loess and loess-mudstone contact surfaces in the loess-mudstone slope prototype, and determining materials of the loess 21 and the mudstone simulation layer 5;
s3: determining the physical size of a loess-mudstone slope in the test box according to the selected model similarity ratio N and the loess mudstone slope prototype; simultaneously determining an included angle alpha 1 between each mudstone attitude controller 4 and the X-axis direction and an included angle alpha 2 between each mudstone attitude controller and the Y-axis direction, and adjusting the height h of the thin plate 6;
s4: laying a mudstone simulation layer 5 above a sheet 6 of a mudstone attitude controller 4; loess 21 is layered and filled in the test box 1, and a soil pressure gauge 22 and a moisture sensor 23 are arranged at corresponding positions;
s5: a displacement meter 24 is arranged outside the loess-mudstone slope, and deformation conditions of the slope surface are monitored; meanwhile, laying an PIV monitoring system 25 to obtain the overall deformation condition of the loess-mudstone slope;
s6: determining the volume of distilled water in the water storage device 17 and the number of heating elements 19 according to the local meteorological conditions, the rainfall calibration curve of the rainfall device 2 and the temperature calibration curve of the temperature control device 3;
s7: the test is started, the migration law of the water in the loess-mudstone slope is clarified through the soil pressure gauge 22, the water sensor 23 and the PIV monitoring system 25, the formation and development law of cracks in the loess slope are known, the induction cause and the damage mode of the loess-mudstone landslide are explored, and the loess-mudstone landslide disaster is quantitatively evaluated.
Claims (1)
1. A multi-field coupling loess-mudstone landslide disaster simulation test method comprises a multi-field coupling loess-mudstone landslide disaster simulation test device, wherein the test device comprises a test box (1) for containing loess (21), and a rainfall device (2) and a temperature control device (3) are arranged at the upper part of the test box (1); the bottom of test box (1) is equipped with mud rock attitude control ware (4), and mud rock attitude control ware (4) top is provided with mud rock simulation layer (5), its characterized in that:
the mudstone attitude controller (4) consists of a thin plate (6), a steering plate (7) arranged below the thin plate (6), a hinged support (8), a telescopic rod (9) and a hydraulic jack (10); the direction of the thin plate (6) in space is freely and flexibly adjusted through the steering plate (7) and the hinged support (8), the device is used for simulating the production of different mudstones in the loess-mudstone slope, and the height of the thin plate (6) is adjusted by matching with the telescopic rod (9) and the hydraulic jack (10), so that the position of the mudstones in the loess-mudstone slope is met;
the rainfall device (2) comprises a rainfall bracket (11), a rainfall hose (12), an atomization nozzle (13), a water meter (14), a water feeding valve (15), a water storage device (16) and a water pump (17); the rainfall bracket (11) is positioned in the upper space of the test box (1), the rainfall hose (12) is fixed on the rainfall bracket (11), and the atomization nozzle (13) is connected with the rainfall hose (12) to determine the rainfall position; a water meter (14) and a water feeding valve (15) are arranged at the corresponding positions of the rainfall hose (12);
the temperature control device (3) consists of a plurality of groups of heating elements (19) and heating element supports (18); an insulating layer (20) is added outside the test box (1) to prevent the test box (1) from radiating outwards;
calibrating the internal temperatures of the heating element (19) and the test box (1) to obtain a temperature calibration curve of the temperature control device (3), and truly simulating the temperature environment of the loess-mudstone slope;
the mudstone simulation layer (5) adopts a detachable rubber cushion layer, and can replace rubber cushion layers with different properties according to the mechanical properties of the mudstone so as to realize the real simulation of the contact surface between the mudstone and the loess-mudstone;
one or more mudstone attitude controllers (4) are arranged at the bottom of the test box (1);
in order to avoid unnecessary evaporation of water in the rainfall device (2), the water storage device (16), the rainfall hose (12) and the valve all need to meet the air tightness requirement;
a rainfall calibration test is carried out on the rainfall device (2), a rainfall calibration curve is obtained, and the accuracy of rainfall control is ensured;
the test method comprises the following steps:
s1: determining loess-mudstone slope prototype, knowing slope profile and local relevant meteorological conditions, combining the size of the test box (1), and comprehensively considering and determining model similarity ratio N;
s2: according to the selected model similarity ratio N, combining physical and mechanical properties of loess and loess-mudstone contact surfaces in the loess-mudstone slope prototype, and determining materials of the loess (21) and the mudstone simulation layer (5);
s3: determining the physical size of a loess-mudstone slope in the test box according to the selected model similarity ratio N and the loess mudstone slope prototype; simultaneously determining an included angle alpha 1 between each mudstone attitude controller (4) and the X-axis direction and an included angle alpha 2 between each mudstone attitude controller and the Y-axis direction, and adjusting the height h of the thin plate (6);
s4: paving a mudstone simulation layer (5) above a thin plate (6) of a mudstone attitude controller (4); loess (21) is filled in the test box (1) in a layered manner, and a soil pressure gauge (22) and a moisture sensor (23) are arranged at corresponding positions;
s5: a displacement meter (24) is arranged outside the loess-mudstone slope, and deformation conditions of the slope surface are monitored; meanwhile, an PIV monitoring system (25) is arranged to obtain the overall deformation condition of the loess-mudstone slope;
s6: determining the volume of distilled water in the water storage device (16) and the number of heating elements (19) according to local weather conditions, a rainfall calibration curve of the rainfall device (2) and a temperature calibration curve of the temperature control device (3);
s7: beginning test, determining migration law of water migration in loess-mudstone slope through a soil pressure gauge (22), a water sensor (23) and a PIV monitoring system (25), knowing formation and development law of cracks in the loess slope, exploring induction cause and destruction mode of loess-mudstone landslide, and quantitatively evaluating loess-mudstone landslide disaster.
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