CN114295805B - Device for simulating migration and transformation of soil organic pollutants in soil - Google Patents
Device for simulating migration and transformation of soil organic pollutants in soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN114295805B CN114295805B CN202111477426.2A CN202111477426A CN114295805B CN 114295805 B CN114295805 B CN 114295805B CN 202111477426 A CN202111477426 A CN 202111477426A CN 114295805 B CN114295805 B CN 114295805B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for simulating the migration and transformation of organic pollutants in soil, which comprises a mounting plate, wherein an earth taking device, a conveying belt, a controller and a support frame are sequentially arranged on the mounting plate from left to right, a plurality of earth columns and eluviators which correspond one to one are arranged on the support frame, the earth columns and the eluviators are communicated through pipelines, a cross rail is erected on the support frame, a soil distribution device is arranged on the cross rail in a sliding manner, a plurality of position sensors are arranged on the cross rail, a material level sensor is arranged at a column port at the upper end of each earth column, the controller is respectively in electric connection with the earth taking device, the conveying belt, the soil distribution device, the eluviators, the position sensors and the material level sensors so as to control the earth taking device to take earth, the conveying belt to rotate, the soil distribution device to move on the cross rail, the soil distribution device to fill the earth columns corresponding to the earth columns and fill the eluviators with the organic pollutants in the corresponding earth columns, and the integrated structure can reduce the human intervention factors, and the reliability of experimental data is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological environment, in particular to a device for simulating migration and conversion of soil organic pollutants in soil.
Background
The ecological environment depends on living habitation for organisms, and the research on the ecological environment can make people know the nature better and harmoniously interact with the nature. In the research of ecological environment, biochemical experts often know the degradation condition of soil to organic pollutants by researching the migration and transformation processing capacity of soil to organic pollutants, so that the contact of soil and non-degradable organic matters is avoided or the non-degradable organic pollutants are filtered by assisting the soil through artificial degradation means, and the utilization rate of the soil is improved.
In order to more conveniently research the migration and transformation performance of soil on organic pollutants, leaching experiments are generally adopted to sample and research the soil in a soil column, and the collected soil is generally transported to a laboratory through the existing leaching soil column and then is sampled and researched through the leaching soil column in the laboratory. The soil sampling process is usually performed by a manual shovel, deep soil cannot be collected together by the aid of the collecting mode, surface soil can be sampled and researched, and the migration and transformation effects of the deep soil cannot be simulated, so that the final experimental data cannot visually reflect real soil migration conditions; meanwhile, the simulation device in the prior art is not integrally arranged, too much manual assistance is provided, and experimental parameters in the simulation process cannot be accurately controlled, so that the requirement on experimental precision cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a device for simulating the migration and transformation of organic pollutants in soil, which is designed in an integrated structure, can realize the whole processes of soil sampling, soil pouring, leaching and sampling, reduces the factors of human intervention and increases the reliability of experimental data.
The technical scheme includes that the device for simulating migration and conversion of organic pollutants in soil comprises a mounting plate, wherein walking wheels are mounted at the bottom of the mounting plate, a soil taking device, a conveying belt, a controller and a support frame are sequentially mounted on the mounting plate from left to right, a plurality of soil columns and eluviators are sequentially arranged on the support frame in the horizontal direction, the soil columns and the eluviators are in one-to-one correspondence, the soil columns are communicated with the corresponding eluviators through pipelines, so that the solution flows in from the upper sides of the soil columns, a transverse rail crossing the soil columns and the eluviators is erected on the support frame, the soil distributing device is connected onto the transverse rail in a sliding mode, a plurality of position sensors corresponding to the positions of the soil columns are arranged on the transverse rail, a material level sensor is arranged at a column opening at the upper end of each soil column, and the controller is respectively in electric connection with the soil taking device, the conveying belt, the soil distributing device, the leaching device, the position sensors and the material level sensor to control the soil taking device to take out soil, The transmission band rotates, soil distributor moves on the cross rail, soil distributor irritates soil to the earth pillar that corresponds, the organic pollutant of leaching ware watering in to the earth pillar that corresponds, soil distributor moves when to the position sensor who corresponds, position sensor gives the controller with signal transmission, the controller orders about soil distributor braking and drives soil distributor and irritate soil to corresponding earth pillar, when soil does not have material level sensor, material level sensor signals gives the controller, controller control soil distributor stops to irritate soil, it can dismantle to fetch the device bottom.
Furthermore, the soil sampling device comprises a rotary disc which is arranged on the mounting plate and is connected with the mounting plate in a rotating mode, a first driving motor is arranged in the rotary disc, a hydraulic lifter is fixed on the rotary disc, a soil drilling collector is installed at the tail end of the hydraulic lifter, a second driving motor is arranged on the soil drilling collector, and a controller is respectively in electric connection with the first driving motor, the hydraulic lifter and the second driving motor so as to control the rotary disc to drive the hydraulic lifter to rotate, the hydraulic lifter to lift, the soil drilling collector to drill soil and collect soil. Firstly, the controller controls the hydraulic lifter to drive the drilled soil collector to rise upwards, then the controller controls the first driving motor to drive the turntable to rotate, so that the hydraulic lifter rotates, and finally a drill bit of the drilled soil collector can be driven to turn to the direction facing the soil; the controller is used for controlling the rotation of the drilling soil collector and the descending of the hydraulic lifter, the top of the drill bit is in a cone shape, the drilling soil collector continuously goes deep into a soil layer along with the downward rotating force of the drill bit, the soil is taken in a rotating mode along with the downward rotating force, after the soil is taken, the controller is used for controlling the rotation of the rotary disc and the lifting of the hydraulic lifter to enable the drilling soil collector to be close to a transmission belt, the controller is used for controlling the transmission belt to operate, the cone part at the bottom of the drill bit can be separated from the threads of the drill body, when the drilling soil collector operates above the transmission belt, a worker can turn off the cone of the drill bit, the soil inside the drilling soil collector is poured onto the transmission belt, and under the operation of the transmission belt, the soil is brought into the soil distribution device. Through setting up the process of getting native device replacement manual work and gathering soil for each mechanical structure mutually support in the automatic process of getting native of realization and transmitting soil to soil distributor, reduce the inaccuracy of artifical soil of getting, and then improve experimental data's reliability.
Furthermore, the soil drilling collector comprises a hollow cylinder drill and spiral drill cutters which are circumferentially arranged along the axial direction of the cylinder drill, the cylinder drill is welded with the spiral drill cutters, the edge of the spiral drill cutters deviates from a welding point, a rectangular soil passing groove is axially arranged on the cylinder drill, the soil passes through the groove and is fixedly connected with a first baffle and a second baffle along two axial sides of the cylinder drill respectively, a gap is reserved between the first baffle and the second baffle, the position of the soil passing through the first baffle on the groove is far away from the axis of the cylinder drill, the position of the second baffle is close to the axis of the cylinder drill, an output shaft of a second driving motor is fixedly connected with the cylinder drill, the tail end of a hydraulic lifter is connected with a fixed frame, and the second driving motor is sleeved on the fixed frame. The drill bit is a cylindrical drill, and the bottom of the cylindrical drill is conical. The spiral drill cutter is arranged, so that the cylinder drill generates rotary cutting force to soil in the process of rotating and falling into the soil, the cylinder drill can be smoothly drilled into the soil by the rotary cutting force, and the phenomenon that the cylinder drill cannot be drilled into the soil due to over-hard soil quality can be avoided; the first baffle and the second baffle are arranged because the hollow cylinder is drilled in the rotating process, the soil can be concentrated around the cylinder drill by the aid of rotary cutting force, the soil is far away from the axis of the cylinder drill through the first baffle on the groove edge, the second baffle is close to the axis of the cylinder drill, the soil concentrated around the cylinder drill can enter the hollow cylinder drill more quickly through a gap, and meanwhile, the soil cannot be thrown out under the action of the rotating force because the soil passes through the first baffle and the second baffle on the groove edge, so that the soil is collected. The controller is an automatic motion controller with the model number of SF-1616A2MT produced by SIMILAR INDUSTRIAL CONTROL CORPORATION of the Louzon market, and the controller can be connected with various sensors to realize corresponding functions.
Further, the leaching device comprises a storage tank, a pump body and a valve which are sequentially connected through pipelines, the valve is communicated with the earth pillar through the pipelines, and the controller is electrically connected with the pump body to control the operation of the pump body. The controller can control the power on and off of the pump body, the valve is opened, and when the controller supplies power to the pump body, the pump body works along with the valve, and the pump body can suck and spray the solution in the storage tank above the earth pillar to realize eluviation. The solution in the storage tank is an organic pollutant, and the organic pollutant can be one of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, toluene and trichloromethane.
Furthermore, the soil distribution device comprises a shell with an upper opening and a lower opening, an opening and closing device is arranged at the lower end of the shell, a pulley which is sleeved in the transverse rail is arranged on the outer surface of the shell, a third driving motor is installed on the pulley, a fourth driving motor is installed on the opening and closing device, and the controller is respectively in electric connection with the third driving motor and the fourth driving motor so as to control the pulley to move along the transverse rail and open and close the opening and closing device. The device that opens and shuts can make in soil inside the soil distribution device is distributed the earth pillar that gets into the relevant position, and when the earth pillar was filled with soil, the device that opens and shuts can realize closing for soil distribution device stops to supply soil for corresponding earth pillar, replaces artifical soil irrigation through automation equipment, prevents that soil from being spilt when improving soil irrigation efficiency, and then ensures experimental facilities's neatness degree.
Further, the opening and closing device comprises a stop block fixed on one side of the inner wall of the opening of the shell and a push plate capable of moving transversely towards the stop block, a transverse push rod is installed at one end, deviating from the stop block, of the push plate, the transverse push rod extends out of the outer surface of the shell and is provided with a contact ball at the end of the extending end, a cam is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the fourth driving motor, the contact ball is in contact with the cam point, a spring is arranged between the push plate and the shell, and the spring sleeve is arranged on the transverse push rod. The intermittent transverse movement of the transverse push rod is realized through the cam, the spring can restore the transverse push rod to the original position, and the intermittent reciprocating movement of the transverse push rod is realized under the combined action of the spring and the cam. When the contact ball of the transverse push rod is in contact with the convex surface of the cam, one end of the transverse push rod is just attached to the stop block, the opening and closing device is in a closed state, and soil cannot fall into the corresponding soil column at the moment; when the contact ball of horizontal push rod crossed the cam convex surface, the dog was gradually kept away from to the one end of horizontal push rod, and the device that opens and shuts is the open mode, and soil got into in the corresponding earth pillar this moment. The fourth driving motor is controlled by the controller to drive the cam to rotate, so that the opening and closing device is automatically opened and closed, soil can be accurately poured into the soil column, and when the soil column is filled with the soil, the opening and closing device is immediately closed, automatic soil pouring is achieved, soil pouring accuracy is improved, and reliability of experimental data is improved.
Furthermore, an elastic shielding cloth is fixedly installed between the push plate and the inner wall of the shell, and the spring and the transverse push rod located inside the shell are wrapped in the elastic shielding cloth. The elastic shielding cloth can avoid the contact of soil and mechanical parts inside the opening and closing device, prevent the influence of soil impurities on the spring, and further avoid the spring from losing efficacy due to the doping of soil particles in each ring of the spring.
Furthermore, a buffer sleeve is fixedly connected to the lower opening of the shell, and a plurality of through holes are arranged on the buffer sleeve. The effect of cushion collar utilizes the clearing hole to come effectively to slow down the impact of soil to the earth pillar, and wherein the shape of clearing hole is the rectangle, and the rectangular hole can let soil pass through smoothly to the phenomenon of the jam clearing hole of avoiding adopting the circular port to lead to takes place.
Furthermore, a plurality of sampling holes are evenly arranged on the earth pillar along the axial direction, plug bodies are connected to the sampling holes in a threaded mode, a screen filter is arranged at the lower end of the earth pillar, and a valve body is arranged at the bottom of the screen filter. The sampling holes are vertically and downwards arranged along the axial direction of the soil column, so that the soil at corresponding positions can be taken out from different levels of the soil for detection, the plug bodies which can be screwed in and out are arranged on the sampling holes, and sampling is carried out by screwing out the plug bodies when sampling is needed, so that the sampling process is simple and easy to operate; when not needing the sample, the cock body can avoid soil to spill over from the hole of sampling.
Further, still including being provided with open-ended material collection device, the inboard both ends symmetry of support frame is provided with the slide rail, and material collection device sets up on the slide rail and with slide rail sliding connection, and material collection device's opening part corresponds with the valve body. The material collecting device can collect all the waste soil in contact with the experiment, and then the waste soil is treated in a centralized manner through the next procedure, so that the environment pollution is prevented. Wherein, set up the slide rail and can follow material collection device roll-off in the support frame, the material collection device's of being convenient for dismantlement.
Compared with the prior art, the soil sampling device, the transmission belt, the leaching device, the soil distribution device and the soil column are respectively connected with the controller through an integrated structural design, the whole process of automatic soil sampling, transmission, soil distribution filling and leaching is realized, the process of artificial participation is reduced, and the reliability of experimental data is improved. When the controller controls the soil taking device to rotate above the conveying belt, the bottom of the soil taking device filled with soil is opened through manual operation, the soil is poured onto the conveying belt immediately, the conveying belt drives the soil to enter the soil distribution device, the soil distribution device moves transversely along a transverse rail under the driving of the controller, when the soil distribution device moves to a position sensor corresponding to the soil column, the position sensor sends a signal to the controller, the controller obtains the signal to drive the soil distribution device to brake, meanwhile, the controller sends the signal to the soil distribution device to enable the bottom of the soil distribution device to be opened, and the soil falls into the soil column to realize soil filling into the soil column; when the soil column is filled, namely the soil submerges the material level sensor, the material level sensor generates a signal to the controller, the controller controls the bottom of the soil distribution device to be closed, and the controller controls the soil distribution device to run to the position of the next position sensor after the bottom of the soil distribution device is closed. When leaching is needed, the controller sends an electric signal to the leaching device, and the leaching device drenches and irrigates organic pollutants to the top of the soil column through the pipeline.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an apparatus for simulating the migration and transformation of organic pollutants in soil;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the construction of the earth-boring collector;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of the soil distribution device;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the cushion collar;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is an assembly view of the earth pillar and the leaching apparatus;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of example 5;
fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a cylinder drill.
Wherein, 1, a mounting plate, 2, a soil taking device, 3, a transmission belt, 4, a controller, 5, a support frame, 6, soil columns, 6-1, a first soil column, 6-2, a second soil column, 6-3, a third soil column, 7, a leaching device, 7-1, a first leaching device, 7-2, a second leaching device, 7-3, a third leaching device, 8, a cross rail, 9, a soil distributing device, 9-1, a shell, 10, a rotating disc, 11, a hydraulic lifter, 12, a drilled soil collector, 12-1, a cylinder drill, 12-2, a spiral drill cutter, 12-1-1, a soil passing groove, 13, a fixed frame, 15, a storage tank, 16, a pump body, 17, a valve, 18, an opening and closing device, 19, a fourth driving motor, 20, a stop block, 21, a push plate, 22, a transverse push rod, 23, a cam, 24, a spring, 26. the buffer sleeve 27, the through hole 28, the sampling hole 29, the screen filter 30, the valve body 31, the material collecting device 32, the slide rail 33, the second driving motor 34, the water pipe 35, the water valve 36, the third driving motor 37, the first baffle 38 and the second baffle 38.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "lateral," "longitudinal," "vertical," "edge," "side wall," "upper," "lower," "directly above," "surface," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," "end," and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships illustrated in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the technical solution of the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in figure 1, the device for simulating the migration and conversion of organic pollutants in soil comprises a mounting plate 1 with traveling wheels arranged at the bottom, a soil taking device 2, a transmission belt 3, a controller 4 and a support frame 5 are sequentially arranged on the mounting plate 1 from left to right, a plurality of soil columns 6 and eluviators 7 are sequentially arranged on the support frame 5 along the horizontal direction, the soil columns 6 and the eluviators 7 are in one-to-one correspondence, the soil columns 6 are communicated with the corresponding eluviators 7 through pipelines so that solution flows in from the upper parts of the soil columns 6, a transverse rail 8 crossing the soil columns 6 and the eluviators 7 is erected on the support frame 5, a soil distribution device 9 is slidably connected on the transverse rail 8, a plurality of position sensors corresponding to the positions of the soil columns 6 are arranged on the transverse rail 8, a material level sensor is arranged at a column port at the upper ends of the soil columns 6, and the controller 4 is respectively connected with the soil taking device 2, the transmission belt 3, the soil distribution device 9, Drench the solution ware 7, position sensor, level sensor power connection is in order to control the device 2 that fetches earth of fetching earth, transmission band 3 rotates, soil distributor 9 moves on horizontal rail 8, soil distributor 9 pours earth to the earth pillar 6 that corresponds, organic pollutant is watered in leaching the ware 7 to the earth pillar 6 that corresponds, soil distributor 9 moves when to corresponding position sensor, position sensor gives controller 4 with signal transmission, controller 4 orders about soil distributor 9 braking and drives soil distributor 9 and pours earth into corresponding earth pillar 6, when soil does not cross level sensor, level sensor signals gives controller 4, controller 4 control soil distributor 9 stops to irrigate earth, 2 bottoms of fetching earth can be dismantled.
Through the structural design of integration, will borrow device 2, transmission band 3, eluviator 7, soil distributor 9, earth pillar 6 and be connected with the controller respectively, realize the overall process of automatic borrowing, transmission, soil distribution filling, eluviation, reduce the process of artificial participation to the reliability of experimental data has been increased. Referring to fig. 6, the soil column 6 comprises a first soil column 6-1, a second soil column 6-2 and a third soil column 6-3, the eluviator 7 comprises a first eluviator 7-1, a second eluviator 7-2 and a third eluviator 7-3, the first soil column 6-1 is communicated with the first eluviator 7-1, the second soil column 6-2 is communicated with the second eluviator 7-2, and the third soil column 6-3 is communicated with the third eluviator 7-3. The range finding precision that the material level sensor chooses for use production of Shenzhen city Baiyuda science and technology Limited is 1 millimeter's material level sensor, and it can be according to the position that detects soil and transmit data signal for the controller. When the controller 4 controls the soil taking device 2 to rotate above the conveying belt 3, the bottom of the soil taking device 2 filled with soil is opened through manual operation, the soil is poured onto the conveying belt 3 immediately, the conveying belt 3 drives the soil to enter the soil distribution device 9, the soil distribution device 9 moves transversely along the transverse rail 8 under the driving of the controller 4, when the soil distribution device 9 moves to a position sensor corresponding to the soil column 6, the position sensor sends a signal to the controller 4, the controller 4 obtains the signal to drive the soil distribution device 9 to brake, meanwhile, the controller 4 sends a signal to the soil distribution device 9 to enable the bottom of the soil distribution device 9 to be opened, and the soil falls into the soil column 6 to realize soil filling into the soil column 6; when the soil column 6 is filled, namely soil submerges the level sensor, the level sensor generates a signal to the controller 4, the controller 4 controls the bottom of the soil distribution device 9 to be closed, and after the bottom of the soil distribution device 9 is closed, the controller 4 controls the soil distribution device 9 to move to the position of the next position sensor. When leaching is needed, the controller 4 sends an electric signal to the leaching device 7, and the leaching device 7 leaches and fills organic pollutants to the top of the soil column 6 through a pipeline. The controller 4 is an automatic motion controller with the model number of SF-1616A2MT produced by SIMILAR INDUSTRIAL CONTROL CORPORATION of the Louzon market, and the controller 4 can be connected with various sensors to realize corresponding functions. The organic pollutant can be one of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, toluene and trichloromethane.
Referring to fig. 1, the soil sampling device 2 includes a rotary table 10 disposed on the mounting plate 1 and rotatably connected to the mounting plate 1, a first driving motor is disposed in the rotary table 10, a hydraulic lifter 11 is fixed on the rotary table 10, a soil drilling collector 12 is mounted at the end of the hydraulic lifter 11, a second driving motor 33 is disposed on the soil drilling collector 12, and the controller 4 is electrically connected to the first driving motor, the hydraulic lifter 11 and the second driving motor 33 respectively to control the rotary table 10 to drive the hydraulic lifter 11 to rotate, the hydraulic lifter 11 to lift, and the soil drilling collector 12 to drill soil and collect soil. Firstly, the controller 4 controls the hydraulic lifter 11 to drive the drilled soil collector 12 to rise upwards, then the controller 4 controls the first driving motor to drive the turntable 10 to rotate, so that the hydraulic lifter 11 rotates, and finally a drill bit of the drilled soil collector 12 can be driven to turn to the direction facing the soil; the controller 4 controls the rotation of the drilling soil collector 12 and the descending of the hydraulic lifter 11, the top of the drill bit is in a cone shape, the drilling soil collector 12 continuously enters the soil layer along with the downward rotating force of the drill bit, the drill bit rotates to take soil, after the soil is taken, the controller 4 controls the rotary disc 10 to rotate and the hydraulic lifter 11 to lift, so that the drilling soil collector 12 is close to a transmission belt, the controller 4 controls the transmission belt 3 to operate, and the cone part at the bottom of the drill bit can be separated from the thread of the drill body, so that when the drilling soil collector 12 runs above the transmission belt 3, a worker can rotate the cone of the drill bit, further soil inside the drilling soil collector 12 is poured on the transmission belt 3, and the soil is brought into the soil distribution device 9 under the operation of the transmission belt 3. Through setting up the process of getting native device 2 replacement manual work collection soil for each mechanical structure mutually support in realizing automatically that the process of getting native and transmitting soil to soil distributor 9, reduce the inaccuracy of artifical soil of getting, and then improve experimental data's reliability.
Referring to fig. 2 and 8, the drill soil collector 12 includes a hollow cylindrical drill 12-1 and spiral drill cutters 12-2 arranged circumferentially along an axial direction of the cylindrical drill 12-1, the cylindrical drill 12-1 is welded with the spiral drill cutters 12-2, a cutting edge of the spiral drill cutter 12-2 is away from a welding point, a rectangular soil passing groove 12-1-1 is axially arranged on the cylindrical drill 12-1, the soil passing groove 12-1-1 is fixedly connected with a first baffle 37 and a second baffle along two axial edges of the cylindrical drill 12-1 along the axial direction, a gap is reserved between the first baffle 37 and the second baffle 38, the position of the first baffle 37 on the soil passing groove 12-1-1 is far away from an axial center of the cylindrical drill 12-1, the position of the second baffle 38 is close to the axial center of the cylindrical drill 12-1, an output shaft of a second driving motor 33 is fixedly connected with the cylindrical drill 12-1, the end of the hydraulic lifter 11 is connected with a fixed frame 13, and the second driving motor 33 is sleeved on the fixed frame 13. The drill bit is the cylinder drill 12-1, and the bottom of the cylinder drill 12-1 is in a conical shape. The spiral drill cutter is arranged, so that the cylindrical drill 12-1 generates rotary cutting force on the soil in the process of rotating and falling into the soil, the cylindrical drill 12-1 can be smoothly drilled into the soil by the rotary cutting force, and the phenomenon that the cylindrical drill cannot be drilled into the soil due to too hard soil can be avoided; the first baffle plate 37 and the second baffle plate 38 are arranged in such a way that the soil is concentrated around the cylinder drill 12-1 by the rotary cutting force in the rotating process of the hollow cylinder drill 12-1, the soil is far away from the axis of the cylinder drill 12-1 through the first baffle plate 37 on the edge of the groove 12-1-1, and the second baffle plate 38 is close to the axis of the cylinder drill 12-1, so that the soil concentrated around the cylinder drill 12-1 can more quickly enter the hollow cylinder drill 12-1 through the gap, and simultaneously, the soil in the hollow cylinder drill 12-1 cannot be thrown out under the action of the rotating force due to the distance difference between the first baffle plate 37 and the second baffle plate 38 on the edge of the groove 12-1-1, thereby realizing the collection of the soil.
Referring to fig. 1, 5 and 6, the sprayer 7 includes a storage tank 15, a pump body 16 and a valve 17 connected in sequence through a pipeline, the valve 17 is communicated with the soil column 6 through a pipeline, and the controller 4 is electrically connected with the pump body 16 to control the operation of the pump body 16. The control unit 4 can control the power on and off of the pump body 16, the valve 17 is opened, and when the controller 4 supplies power to the pump body 16, the pump body 16 works along with the valve, and the pump body 16 can suck and spray the solution in the storage tank 15 above the soil column 6 to realize leaching. Wherein the solution in the storage tank 15 is an organic contaminant. The three leaching devices 7 and the three soil columns 3 are arranged, so that the migration and transformation effects of the soil on three different organic matters can be studied simultaneously, and the acquisition of three experimental data can be completed. A plurality of sampling holes 28 are axially and uniformly arranged on the soil column 6, a plug body is in threaded connection with each sampling hole 28, a screen filter 29 is arranged at the lower end of the soil column 6, and a valve body 30 is arranged at the bottom of the screen filter 29. The sampling holes 28 are vertically and downwards arranged along the axial direction of the soil column 6, so that the soil at corresponding positions can be taken out from different levels of the soil for detection, plug bodies capable of screwing in and out are arranged on the sampling holes 28, and sampling is carried out by screwing out the plug bodies when sampling is needed, so that the sampling process is simple and easy to operate; the plug body prevents soil from escaping the sampling hole 28 when sampling is not required. When soil in the soil column 6 needs to be dumped after the experiment is finished, the valve body 30 can be opened to allow the soil to flow out. The filter screen 29 is internally provided with a filter screen which can be inserted and pulled out, when the filter screen is inserted, part of soil can be on the upper layer of the filter screen, and the lower layer of the filter screen is close to the valve body 30, so that a small amount of soil particles can be generated, when the soil needs to be discharged, the valve body 30 is firstly opened, then the filter screen is taken out, and at the moment, the soil can be directly discharged; the filter screen can support partial soil on valve body 30, prevents that valve body 30 from opening the phenomenon emergence that the soil passes through valve body 30 at once and causes the jam valve body 30 in the moment.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, the soil distribution device 9 includes a housing 9-1 with openings at the upper and lower ends, an opening and closing device 18 is disposed at the opening at the lower end of the housing 9-1, a pulley sleeved in the cross rail 8 is disposed on the outer surface of the housing 9-1, a third driving motor 36 is mounted on the pulley, and the third driving motor 36 is disposed on the back of the housing 9-1 and is drivingly connected with the pulley, so that the marked outer edge line is indicated by a dotted line. The opening and closing device 18 is provided with a fourth driving motor 19, and the controller 4 is electrically connected with the third driving motor 36 and the fourth driving motor 19 respectively to control the pulley to move along the transverse rail 8 and open and close the opening and closing device 18. Open and shut and attach together, 18 can make in soil inside soil distribution device 9 is distributed gets into the earth pillar 6 of relevant position, when earth pillar 6 is filled with soil, open and shut device 18 can realize closing for soil distribution device 9 stops to supply soil for corresponding earth pillar 6, through the artifical soil of irritating of automation equipment replacement, prevents that soil from being spilt when improving the efficiency of irritating soil, and then ensures the clean and tidy degree of experimental facilities. The opening and closing device 18 comprises a stop block 20 fixed on one side of the inner wall of the lower opening of the shell 9-1 and a push plate 21 capable of moving transversely towards the stop block 20, one end, away from the stop block 20, of the push plate 21 is provided with a transverse push rod 22, the transverse push rod 22 extends out of the outer surface of the shell 9-1, the end part of the extending end is provided with a contact ball, the output shaft of the fourth driving motor 19 is fixedly connected with a cam 23, the contact ball is in point contact with the cam 23, a spring 24 is arranged between the push plate 21 and the shell 9-1, and the spring 24 is sleeved on the transverse push rod 22. The cam 23 is used for realizing the intermittent transverse movement of the transverse push rod 22, the spring 24 can restore the transverse push rod 22 to the original position, and the transverse push rod 22 realizes the intermittent reciprocating movement of the transverse push rod 22 under the combined action of the spring 24 and the cam 23. When the contact ball of the transverse push rod 22 is in contact with the convex surface of the cam 23, one end of the transverse push rod 22 is just attached to the stop block 20, the opening and closing device 18 is in a closed state, and at the moment, soil cannot fall into the corresponding soil column 6; when the contact ball of the transverse push rod 22 goes over the convex surface of the cam 23, one end of the transverse push rod 22 is gradually far away from the stop block 20, the opening and closing device 18 is in an open state, and soil enters the corresponding soil column 6. The fourth driving motor 19 is controlled by the controller 4 to drive the cam 23 to rotate, so that the opening and closing device 18 is automatically opened and closed, soil can be accurately poured into the soil column 6, and when the soil column 6 is full of soil, the opening and closing device 18 is immediately closed, so that automatic soil pouring is realized, the soil pouring accuracy is increased, and the reliability of experimental data is improved.
Example 2
On the basis of the embodiment 1, an elastic shielding cloth is fixedly arranged between the push plate 21 and the inner wall of the shell 9-1, and the spring 24 and the transverse push rod 22 positioned in the shell 9-1 are all wrapped in the elastic shielding cloth. The elastic shielding cloth can avoid the contact of soil and mechanical parts inside the opening and closing device 18, prevent the influence of soil impurities on the spring 24, and further avoid the spring 24 failure caused by the doped soil particles in each ring of the spring 24.
Example 3
On the basis of embodiment 2, a buffer sleeve 26 is fixedly connected to the lower opening of the shell 9-1, and a plurality of through holes 27 are arranged on the buffer sleeve 26. The effect of cushion collar utilizes the clearing hole 27 to effectively slow down the impact of soil to earth pillar 6, and wherein the shape of clearing hole 27 is the rectangle, and the rectangular hole can let soil pass through smoothly to avoid adopting the phenomenon of the jam clearing hole that the circular port leads to take place.
Example 4
On the basis of embodiment 1, a device for simulating the migration and transformation of organic pollutants in soil further comprises a material collecting device 31 provided with an opening, slide rails 32 are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the inner side of the support frame 5, the material collecting device 31 is arranged on the slide rails 32 and is in sliding connection with the slide rails 32, and the opening of the material collecting device 31 corresponds to the valve body 30. The material collecting device 31 can collect all the waste soil in contact with the experiment, and then the waste soil is treated in a centralized manner through the next procedure, so that the environment pollution is prevented. Wherein, set up slide rail 32 and can follow material collection device 31 and roll off in the support frame 5, be convenient for material collection device 31's dismantlement.
Example 5
On the basis of embodiment 1, the device for simulating migration and conversion of organic pollutants in soil further comprises a transverse water pipe 34 erected on the lower surface of the support frame 5, two ends of the water pipe 34 are communicated with the water tank, one end of the water pipe 34 is a water inlet end, the other end of the water pipe 34 is a water outlet end, the water inlet end of the water pipe 34 is communicated with a water delivery pump, the water delivery pump is connected with an external power supply, and the water pipe 34 is communicated with each screen filter 29 through a water valve 35. When the influence of underground water on the soil migration and transformation in the soil column 6 needs to be simulated, an external power supply can be started to enable the water delivery pump to be electrified and operated, and then the water pipe 34 is filled with water in real time. At this time, the water valve 35 may be opened separately or simultaneously, water is injected into the column 6 through the mesh filter 29, and the power supply and the water valve 35 may be turned off after the water is injected, and then a sampling operation is performed.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The device for simulating the migration and conversion of organic pollutants in soil is characterized by comprising a mounting plate (1) with walking wheels arranged at the bottom, wherein a soil taking device (2), a conveying belt (3), a controller (4) and a support frame (5) are sequentially arranged on the mounting plate (1) from left to right, a plurality of soil columns (6) and eluviators (7) are sequentially arranged on the support frame (5) along the horizontal direction, the soil columns (6) and the eluviators (7) are in one-to-one correspondence, the soil columns (6) are communicated with the corresponding eluviators (7) through pipelines, so that a solution flows in from the upper part of the soil columns (6), transverse rails (8) crossing the soil columns (6) and the eluviators (7) are erected on the support frame (5), soil distribution devices (9) are slidably connected on the transverse rails (8), and a plurality of position sensors corresponding to the positions of the soil columns (6) are arranged on the transverse rails (8), the soil level sensor is arranged at a column opening at the upper end of the soil column (6), the controller (4) is respectively in electric connection with the soil taking device (2), the conveying belt (3), the soil distribution device (9), the drenching device (7), the position sensor and the material level sensor to control the soil taking device (2) to take soil, the conveying belt (3) to rotate, the soil distribution device (9) moves on the cross rail (8), the soil distribution device (9) pours soil into the corresponding soil column (6), the drenching device (7) pours organic pollutants into the corresponding soil column (6), when the soil distribution device (9) operates to the corresponding position sensor, the position sensor transmits signals to the controller (4), the controller (4) orders the soil distribution device (9) to brake and drives the soil distribution device (9) to pour soil into the corresponding soil column (6), when the soil does not pass the material level sensor, the material level sensor sends a signal to the controller (4), the controller (4) controls the soil distribution device (9) to stop soil filling, and the bottom of the soil taking device (2) can be detached.
2. The device for simulating the migration and transformation of organic pollutants in soil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the soil sampling device (2) comprises a turntable (10) which is arranged on the mounting plate (1) and is rotationally connected with the mounting plate (1), a first driving motor is arranged in the rotary table (10), a hydraulic lifter (11) is fixed on the rotary table (10), the tail end of the hydraulic lifter (11) is provided with a drilling soil collector (12), the drilling soil collector (12) is provided with a second driving motor (33), the controller (4) is respectively in electric connection with the first driving motor, the hydraulic lifter (11) and the second driving motor (33) to control the rotary disc (10) to drive the hydraulic lifter (11) to rotate, the hydraulic lifter (11) to lift, the drilling soil collector (12) to rotate, drill soil and collect soil.
3. The device for simulating the migration and transformation of organic pollutants in soil according to claim 2, wherein the soil drilling collector (12) comprises a hollow cylindrical drill (12-1) and spiral drill cutters (12-2) arranged along the axial circumference of the cylindrical drill (12-1), the cylindrical drill (12-1) is welded with the spiral drill cutters (12-2), the cutting edge of the spiral drill cutters (12-2) deviates from the welding point, a rectangular soil passing groove (12-1-1) is axially arranged on the cylindrical drill (12-1), the soil passing groove (12-1-1) is fixedly connected with a first baffle plate (37) and a second baffle plate (38) along two axial edges of the cylindrical drill (12-1), respectively, the output shaft of the second driving motor (33) is fixedly connected with the cylindrical drill (12-1), the end of the hydraulic lifter (11) is connected with a fixing frame (13), and the second driving motor (33) is sleeved on the fixing frame (13).
4. The device for simulating the migration and transformation of organic pollutants in soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the leaching device (7) comprises a storage tank (15), a pump body (16) and a valve (17) which are connected in sequence through a pipeline, the valve (17) is communicated with the earth pillar (6) through a pipeline, and the controller (4) is electrically connected with the pump body (16) to control the operation of the pump body (16).
5. The device for simulating the migration and transformation of organic pollutants in soil according to claim 1, wherein the soil distribution device (9) comprises a housing (9-1) with an upper opening and a lower opening, an opening and closing device (18) is arranged at the lower opening of the housing (9-1), a pulley sleeved in the cross rail (8) is arranged on the outer surface of the housing (9-1), a third driving motor (36) is installed on the pulley, a fourth driving motor (19) is installed on the opening and closing device (18), and the controller (4) is electrically connected with the third driving motor (36) and the fourth driving motor (19) respectively to control the pulley to move along the cross rail (8) and open and close the opening and closing device (18).
6. The device for simulating the migration and transformation of organic pollutants in soil according to claim 5, wherein the opening and closing device (18) comprises a stopper (20) fixed on one side of the inner wall of the lower opening of the casing (9-1), and a push plate (21) capable of moving transversely facing the stopper (20), one end of the push plate (21) away from the stopper (20) is provided with a transverse push rod (22), the transverse push rod (22) extends out of the outer surface of the casing (9-1), the end part of the extending end is provided with a contact ball, the output shaft of the fourth driving motor (19) is fixedly connected with a cam (23), the contact ball is in point contact with the cam (23), a spring (24) is arranged between the push plate (21) and the casing (9-1), and the spring (24) is sleeved on the transverse push rod (22).
7. A device for simulating the migration and transformation of organic pollutants in soil as claimed in claim 6, wherein an elastic covering cloth is fixedly installed between the push plate (21) and the inner wall of the shell (9-1), and the spring (24) and the transverse push rod (22) located inside the shell (9-1) are both wrapped in the elastic covering cloth.
8. The device for simulating the migration and transformation of organic pollutants in soil as claimed in claim 7, wherein a buffer sleeve (26) is fixedly connected to the lower opening of the shell (9-1), and a plurality of through holes (27) are arranged on the buffer sleeve (26).
9. The device for simulating the migration and transformation of organic pollutants in soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of sampling holes (28) are uniformly arranged on the soil column (6) along the axial direction, plugs are connected to the sampling holes (28) in a threaded manner, a mesh filter (29) is arranged at the lower end of the soil column (6), and a valve body (30) is arranged at the bottom of the mesh filter (29).
10. The device for simulating migration and transformation of organic pollutants in soil according to claim 9, further comprising a material collecting device (31) provided with an opening, wherein sliding rails (32) are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the inner side of the supporting frame (5), the material collecting device (31) is arranged on the sliding rails (32) and is slidably connected with the sliding rails (32), and the opening of the material collecting device (31) corresponds to the valve body (30).
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| CN202111477426.2A CN114295805B (en) | 2021-12-06 | 2021-12-06 | Device for simulating migration and transformation of soil organic pollutants in soil |
| JP2022096909A JP7137044B1 (en) | 2021-12-06 | 2022-06-15 | A device that simulates the transition and alteration of organic pollutants in soil |
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| CN202111477426.2A CN114295805B (en) | 2021-12-06 | 2021-12-06 | Device for simulating migration and transformation of soil organic pollutants in soil |
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| JP2023084076A (en) | 2023-06-16 |
| JP7137044B1 (en) | 2022-09-14 |
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