CN114294056A - Open pit treatment method combining waste rock and dry tailings - Google Patents
Open pit treatment method combining waste rock and dry tailings Download PDFInfo
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- CN114294056A CN114294056A CN202111528049.0A CN202111528049A CN114294056A CN 114294056 A CN114294056 A CN 114294056A CN 202111528049 A CN202111528049 A CN 202111528049A CN 114294056 A CN114294056 A CN 114294056A
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- 239000010878 waste rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/06—Filling-up mechanically
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F16/00—Drainage
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for jointly treating an open pit by using waste rocks and dry tailings, and belongs to the field of backfill treatment of an open pit of a mine. The method comprises the following steps: backfilling a waste stone layer 2 at the bottom of the open pit, conveying the dehydrated and filter-pressed dry tailings onto the waste stone layer 2, compacting to form a dry tailings layer 3, and alternately stacking the waste stone layer 2 and the dry tailings layer 3; laying an initial dam 4 above the stacking layer of the waste stone layer 2 and the dry tailing layer 3, and stacking a dry tailing pile 3' at the upstream of the initial dam 4 in a layered manner in an inverted manner; piling the waste rock pile 10 in layers at the periphery of the dry tailing pile 3 'piled in the middle in an inverted mode until the top surface of the area of the waste rock pile 10 is bordered by the top surface of the area of the dry tailing pile 3'; paving a drainage prism body 5 at the periphery of the waste rock pile 10; an inverted filter 6 is constructed between the waste rock pile 10 and the drainage prism 5. The risk of secondary geological disasters such as landslide and debris flow caused by instability of the open side slope can be reduced, safety accidents caused by tailing leakage and dam break can be avoided, and safe stockpiling of waste rocks and tailings is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of backfill treatment of an open pit of a mine, and particularly relates to a method for jointly treating the open pit by using waste rocks and dry tailings.
Background
The open pit formed by the open-pit mining of the mine has great influence on the surrounding environment: on one hand, the open-air side slope is easy to induce local side slope instability under the action of external force, so that secondary geological disasters such as landslide and debris flow are further caused, and the method is a great potential safety hazard for safe production of mines; on the other hand, in rainy season, catchment in open-sky pits is easy to cause groundwater environmental pollution through fracture seepage, and the problems of surface cracks, collapse and the like can be caused if the water is not treated for a long time. In recent years, there have been increasing mines that face pit closure or open pit to underground, and attention has been paid to a method for disposing open pits. In conclusion, reasonable backfill treatment of open pits, shortage of mine dump area, insufficient tailing pond capacity and the like become main problems restricting the development of open mines.
The existing open pit backfill disposal methods mainly comprise low-concentration tailing backfill, paste backfill, dry tailing backfill and waste stone backfill, wherein: (1) the low-concentration tailing backfilling means that tailing slurry discharged from a concentrating mill is directly conveyed to an open pit through a pipeline for backfilling. The method has higher requirements on the geological stability of the open pit and the permeability of the pit, and anti-seepage treatment must be carried out before backfilling, otherwise, moisture in tailing slurry seeps to the four sides of the pit; and because the low-concentration tail mortar has high water content, safety accidents are easy to happen when the low-concentration tail mortar meets unfavorable geological action; (2) the paste backfill is to add cementing materials such as cement and the like into the thickened tail mortar, stir the tail mortar to prepare a paste material with the content of-20 um fine particles not less than 15 percent and the mass concentration between 75 and 80 percent, and convey the paste material to an open pit for backfill through a pipeline. The method needs to be provided with equipment such as a deep cone thickener, a stirring tank, a plunger pump and the like, the investment in the capital construction period is relatively high, in addition, a flocculating agent and a cementing material need to be added for preparing the paste, and the operation cost is relatively high; (3) and the dry tailing backfilling refers to pressing and filtering the tailing slurry to prepare a filter cake, and conveying the filter cake to a pit for backfilling through an automobile or a belt. The dry tailings and the waste rocks are independently backfilled, the requirement on the permeability of the open pit is low, but in a multi-open pit mining mine or a mine with short land area, the waste rocks and the dry tailings are jointly discharged, so that the occupied area can be greatly saved, and the investment of environmental management funds is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: how to provide a method for jointly treating an open pit by waste rocks and dry tailings, which is used for solving the problem of secondary disasters induced by an open slope.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for jointly treating an open pit by using waste rocks and dry tailings, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: backfilling a waste stone layer 2 at the bottom of the open pit, conveying the dehydrated and filter-pressed dry tailings onto the waste stone layer 2, compacting to form a dry tailings layer 3, and alternately stacking the waste stone layer 2 and the dry tailings layer 3 until the open pit is completely backfilled;
step 2: laying an initial dam 4 above a stacking layer of the waste rock layer 2 and the dry tailing layer 3, stacking dry tailing piles 3' on the upstream of the initial dam 4 in a layered mode in an inverted mode, and gradually pushing the dry tailing piles to the initial dam 4 until the design elevation is reached;
and step 3: piling the waste rock pile 10 in a layered manner at the periphery of the dry tailing pile 3 'piled in the step 2 in an inverted manner until the top surface of the region of the waste rock pile 10 is bordered by the top surface of the region of the dry tailing pile 3';
and 4, step 4: paving a drainage prism body 5 at the periphery of the waste rock pile 10 in the step 3;
and 5: in step 4, an inverted filter layer 6 is formed between the waste rock pile 10 and the drainage arris 5.
Wherein, useless stone layer 2 piles up with low moisture content dry tailings layer 3 in turn in step 1, includes:
step 11: calculating the thickness of each waste stone layer 2 and the dry tailing layer 3 according to the backfilling depth of the open pit, wherein the thickness of each waste stone layer 3 is controlled to be 5-8m, and the thickness of the dry tailing layer 3 is controlled to be below 5 m;
step 12: and (4) backfilling the open pit according to the thickness of each waste stone layer 2 and the dry tailing layer 3 in the step (11), wherein the highest backfilling body at the end of backfilling is the waste stone layer 2.
Wherein, the water content of the dry tailings layer 3 in the step 12 is controlled within the range of 5-10%;
and in the step 2, the water content of the dry tailing pile 3' is controlled within a range of 10-20%.
Wherein, the slope of the top surface of the dry tailings pile 3' in the step 2 relative to the ground surface is between 0.5 percent and 1 percent;
in the step 3, the slope of the top surface of the waste rock pile 10 relative to the ground surface is between 1 and 2 percent.
Wherein, the inverted filter layer 6 in the step 5 comprises 3 crushed stone layers with different particle sizes;
the grain composition of the 3 layers of the crushed stone layers along the direction from the waste stone pile 10 to the drainage prism body 5 is from small to large.
Wherein a horizontal drain pipe 7 is arranged below the dry tailings pile 3' and the waste rock pile 10;
one end of the drain pipe 7 extends outwards and is connected with a water collecting tank 8;
the surface precipitation on the pile surface and the water in the pile are discharged into a water collecting tank 8 through the drainage arris body 5, the inverted filter layer 6 and the drain pipe 7, so that the infiltration line in the dry tailing pile 3' is reduced, the fine-particle tailing is prevented from losing, and the stability of the pile is enhanced.
And in the step 1, the bottom and the side slope of the open pit are cleaned before the waste stone layer 2 is backfilled at the bottom of the open pit, and a hydraulic channel communicated with the open pit and the underground water is plugged.
And after the slope surface and the top of the waste stone pile 10 are leveled, a surface soil layer 9 is laid, and the thickness of the soil layer is not less than 0.5 m.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the open pit treatment is effectively combined with the construction of a waste dump and a tailing pond, so that the risk of secondary geological disasters such as landslide and debris flow caused by instability of an open side slope can be reduced, safety accidents caused by tailing leakage and dam break can be avoided, and the safe stockpiling of waste rocks and tailings is realized.
(2) The method reduces the environmental damage, realizes the optimal allocation of resources and waste replacement, and creates conditions for mine reclamation and green mine construction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the waste rock-dry tailings backfill in layers according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the waste rock-dry tailings surface stockpiling of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a plan view of the waste rock-dry tailings surface stockpiling of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, contents, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
In order to solve the technical problem, the method for jointly disposing the open pit by the waste rocks and the dry tailings, as shown in fig. 1-3, comprises the following steps:
step 1: backfilling a waste stone layer 2 at the bottom of the open pit, conveying the dehydrated and filter-pressed dry tailings onto the waste stone layer 2, compacting to form a dry tailings layer 3, and alternately stacking the waste stone layer 2 and the dry tailings layer 3 until the open pit is completely backfilled;
step 2: laying an initial dam 4 above a stacking layer of the waste rock layer 2 and the dry tailing layer 3, stacking dry tailing piles 3' on the upstream of the initial dam 4 in a layered mode in an inverted mode, and gradually pushing the dry tailing piles to the initial dam 4 until the design elevation is reached;
and step 3: piling the waste rock pile 10 in a layered manner at the periphery of the dry tailing pile 3 'piled in the step 2 in an inverted manner until the top surface of the region of the waste rock pile 10 is bordered by the top surface of the region of the dry tailing pile 3';
and 4, step 4: paving a drainage prism body 5 at the periphery of the waste rock pile 10 in the step 3;
and 5: in step 4, an inverted filter layer 6 is formed between the waste rock pile 10 and the drainage arris 5.
Wherein, useless stone layer 2 piles up with low moisture content dry tailings layer 3 in turn in step 1, includes:
step 11: calculating the thickness of each waste stone layer 2 and the dry tailing layer 3 according to the backfilling depth of the open pit, wherein the thickness of each waste stone layer 3 is controlled to be 5-8m, and the thickness of the dry tailing layer 3 is controlled to be below 5 m;
step 12: and (4) backfilling the open pit according to the thickness of each waste stone layer 2 and the dry tailing layer 3 in the step (11), wherein the highest backfilling body at the end of backfilling is the waste stone layer 2.
Wherein, the water content of the dry tailings layer 3 in the step 12 is controlled within the range of 5-10%;
and in the step 2, the water content of the dry tailing pile 3' is controlled within a range of 10-20%.
Wherein, the slope of the top surface of the dry tailings pile 3' in the step 2 relative to the ground surface is between 0.5 percent and 1 percent;
in the step 3, the slope of the top surface of the waste rock pile 10 relative to the ground surface is between 1 and 2 percent.
Wherein, the inverted filter layer 6 in the step 5 comprises 3 crushed stone layers with different particle sizes;
the grain composition of the 3 layers of the crushed stone layers along the direction from the waste stone pile 10 to the drainage prism body 5 is from small to large.
Wherein a horizontal drain pipe 7 is arranged below the dry tailings pile 3' and the waste rock pile 10;
one end of the drain pipe 7 extends outwards and is connected with a water collecting tank 8;
the surface precipitation on the pile surface and the water in the pile are discharged into a water collecting tank 8 through the drainage arris body 5, the inverted filter layer 6 and the drain pipe 7, so that the infiltration line in the dry tailing pile 3' is reduced, the fine-particle tailing is prevented from losing, and the stability of the pile is enhanced.
And in the step 1, the bottom and the side slope of the open pit are cleaned before the waste stone layer 2 is backfilled at the bottom of the open pit, and a hydraulic channel communicated with the open pit and the underground water is plugged.
And after the slope surface and the top of the waste stone pile 10 are leveled, a surface soil layer 9 is laid, and the thickness of the soil layer is not less than 0.5 m.
Example 1
Taking the deep concave open sky pit as an example, the elevation of the surface closed circle is set to be 0 m. In the first treatment engineering stage, firstly, the bottom and the side slope of the open pit are cleaned, and the hydraulic channel communicated with the open pit and the underground water is plugged, so that the backfill body is prevented from polluting the underground water and the water in the surrounding rock 1.
As shown in figure 1, the waste stone 2 is discharged to the bottom of an open pit through an automobile or a belt conveyor, and is rolled by a road roller to form a waste stone layer with the thickness of 5-8 m. And then conveying the filter-pressed and dehydrated dry tailings 3 to a bottom waste stone layer through a belt conveyor and compacting to form a dry tailings layer, wherein the thickness of the dry tailings layer is controlled to be below 5 m. Wherein, the dry tailings 3 used for open pit backfill in the first-stage disposal engineering stage are formed by thickening and press-filtering low-concentration full-tailing mortar (the mass concentration is between 15 and 25 percent), and the water content of the dry tailings is required to meet the requirements of rolling compaction and filling and is generally between 5 and 10 percent. And performing alternate operation until the open pit is completely backfilled. The thickness of each layer of waste rock and dry tailings is designed according to the backfill depth of the open pit, so that the highest backfill body at the end of backfill is ensured to be the waste rock.
Fig. 2 and 3 show a sectional view and a plan view of the second stage treatment process. And constructing the dry tailing pile initial dam 4 according to the design site, wherein the dry tailing pile initial dam is used as a regional boundary between the dry tailing pile and the waste rock pile, and the dry tailing pile initial dam plays a supporting role. Wherein the initial dam 4 is constructed of waste rocks and tamped. In order to reduce the filter pressing cost, the water content of the dry tailings 3' in the second stage treatment engineering stage can be controlled between 10% and 20%. And (3) piling dry tailings in a reverse-discharging manner from the upstream of the initial dam in a layered manner, controlling the layer height within 5m, gradually advancing towards the initial dam until the designed elevation is reached, and finally enabling the top surface gradient of the dry tailings pile to be 0.5-1%. The drainage arris body 5 is constructed in the dry tail sand piling process, the waste rock pile 2 is also piled in an inverted-discharging type layering mode, the layer height is controlled to be 5-8m, and each layer needs to be rolled to meet the design requirement of compactness. The slope of the outer slope of the waste rock pile is determined by the specific physical and mechanical properties of the waste rock, and the slope of the top surface of the waste rock pile is 1-2%. An inverted filter 6 is constructed between the drainage arris body 5 and the waste rock pile, the inverted filter 6 is composed of 3 layers of gravels with different particle sizes, and the particle grading is from small to large along the direction from the waste rock pile to the drainage arris body 5. When the inverted filter layer is paved and buried, a flat plate vibrator is adopted for tamping, and the clear level is ensured. Through drainage arris body 5, inverted filter 6 and lay horizontal drain pipe 7 under dry tail sand heap and the barren rock heap with the earth's surface precipitation on the heap face and the moisture of doing the heap in the drainage catch basin 8, can effectively reduce the infiltration line in the dry tail sand heap and guarantee that the fine grain tailings does not run off, and then the stability of reinforcing heap body. And the sewage collected in the water collecting tank 8 is discharged after reaching the standard through precipitation treatment. And finally, leveling the waste stone heap slope surface and the slope top and paving a surface soil layer with the layer thickness not less than 0.5m so as to carry out reclamation work at the later stage.
The concentration of tail mortar discharged from concentrating mill is generally between 15% -25%, after the low-concentration full-tail mortar is dewatered and concentrated by thickener, the underflow concentration can be up to 50% -65%, and the high-concentration underflow slurry is dewatered by filter press to obtain filter cake (i.e. dry tail sand). Wherein, the water content of the dry tailings for backfilling the open pit needs to meet the rolling and filling requirements, and is generally between 5 and 10 percent; the water content of the dry tailings for surface stockpiling can be between 10 and 20 percent.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for jointly treating open pit by waste rocks and dry tailings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: backfilling a waste stone layer (2) at the bottom of the open pit, conveying the dehydrated and filter-pressed dry tailings onto the waste stone layer (2), compacting to form a dry tailings layer (3), and alternately stacking the waste stone layer (2) and the dry tailings layer (3) until the open pit is completely backfilled;
step 2: laying an initial dam (4) above a stacking layer of the waste stone layer (2) and the dry tailing layer (3), stacking dry tailing piles (3') in layers at the upstream of the initial dam (4) in an inverted mode, and gradually advancing to the initial dam (4) until a design elevation is reached;
and step 3: piling the waste rock pile (10) in a layered manner at the periphery of the dry tailings pile (3 ') piled in the step 2 in an inverted manner until the top surface of the region of the waste rock pile (10) is bordered by the top surface of the region of the dry tailings pile (3');
and 4, step 4: paving a drainage prism (5) at the periphery of the waste stone pile (10) in the step 3;
and 5: in step 4, an inverted filter layer (6) is constructed between the waste rock pile (10) and the drainage prism body (5).
2. The method for jointly disposing the waste rock and the dry tailings in the open pit according to the claim 1, wherein the step 1, in which the waste rock layers (2) and the dry tailings layers (3) with low water content are alternately stacked, comprises:
step 11: calculating the thickness of each waste stone layer (2) and the dry tailing layer (3) according to the backfilling depth of the open pit, controlling the thickness of each waste stone layer (3) to be 5-8m, and controlling the thickness of the dry tailing layer (3) to be below 5 m;
step 12: and (4) backfilling the open pit according to the thickness of each waste stone layer (2) and the dry tail sand layer (3) in the step (11), wherein the top backfilling body at the end of backfilling is the waste stone layer (2).
3. The method for jointly disposing the waste rocks and the dry tailings in the open pit according to claim 2, wherein the water content of the dry tailings layer (3) in the step 12 is controlled to be in a range of 5-10%;
and in the step 2, the water content of the dry tailings pile (3') is controlled within a range of 10-20%.
4. A method for disposing an open pit by combining waste rock and dry tailings as claimed in claim 3, wherein the top surface of the dry tailings pile (3') in step 2 has a slope of between 0.5% and 1% with respect to the ground surface;
in the step 3, the slope of the top surface of the waste rock pile (10) relative to the ground surface is between 1% and 2%.
5. A method for disposing an open pit by combining waste rock and dry tailings as claimed in claim 4, wherein the inverted filter layer (6) in the step 5 comprises 3 crushed rock layers with different particle sizes;
the grain composition of the 3 layers of the crushed stone layers along the direction from the waste stone pile (10) to the drainage prism body (5) is from small to large.
6. A pit method for the joint disposal of waste rock and dry tailings as defined in claim 5, characterized in that a horizontal drain (7) is provided below the dry tailings pile (3') and the waste rock pile (10);
one end of the drain pipe (7) extends outwards and is connected with a water collecting tank (8);
the surface precipitation on the pile surface and the water in the pile are discharged into a water collecting tank (8) through the drainage arris body (5), the inverted filter layer (6) and the drain pipe (7), so that the infiltration line in the dry tailing pile (3') is reduced, the fine-particle tailing is prevented from losing, and the stability of the pile body is enhanced.
7. The method for jointly disposing the waste rock and the dry tailings in the open pit according to the claim 1, wherein the bottom and the side slope of the open pit are cleaned before a layer of waste rock layer (2) is backfilled at the bottom of the open pit in the step 1, and a hydraulic channel through which the open pit is communicated with underground water is plugged.
8. The method for jointly disposing the waste rock and the dry tailings in the open pit according to claim 1, wherein a topsoil layer (9) is laid after the slope surface and the top of the waste rock pile (10) are leveled, and the thickness of the soil layer is not less than 0.5 m.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111528049.0A CN114294056B (en) | 2021-12-14 | 2021-12-14 | Method for combined disposal of waste stone and dry tailings in open pit |
| PCT/CN2022/130710 WO2023109378A1 (en) | 2021-12-14 | 2022-11-08 | Waste rock and dry tailings combined treatment method for open pit |
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| CN202111528049.0A CN114294056B (en) | 2021-12-14 | 2021-12-14 | Method for combined disposal of waste stone and dry tailings in open pit |
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| CN114294056A true CN114294056A (en) | 2022-04-08 |
| CN114294056B CN114294056B (en) | 2024-07-30 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115144567A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-10-04 | 中国有色金属工业昆明勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Upstream type tailing dam accumulation surveying and stability evaluation method and system |
| WO2023109378A1 (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2023-06-22 | 万宝矿产有限公司 | Waste rock and dry tailings combined treatment method for open pit |
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| CN114294056B (en) | 2024-07-30 |
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