CN216477459U - Open pit filling structure - Google Patents
Open pit filling structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN216477459U CN216477459U CN202220006728.5U CN202220006728U CN216477459U CN 216477459 U CN216477459 U CN 216477459U CN 202220006728 U CN202220006728 U CN 202220006728U CN 216477459 U CN216477459 U CN 216477459U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to an open pit filling structure, which comprises a first cementing curing layer arranged at the bottom of an open pit, wherein the top of the first cementing curing layer is provided with a plurality of groups of frame layers and second cementing curing layers which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top; the frame layer comprises a frame type cementing body with a plurality of cavities, and the cavities are filled with fillers. The open pit filling structure of the utility model is a frame type space structure, which can not only ensure the safety and stability of the open pit backfill body, but also prevent the harmful components in the filler from migrating into the underground water system; the filler filled in the cavity does not need to be doped with a cementing agent, so that the using amount of the cementing agent can be effectively reduced, the filling cost is reduced, the water filtering maintenance period is shortened, the stacking efficiency is improved, and the utilization rate of the filler is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an open pit filling structure belongs to mine field.
Background
After the pit is closed after the production of the open-pit mining of the mine is finished, an open pit with a certain area and depth is formed on the ground surface. The open pit damages the ecological environment of a mining area on one hand, and is easy to form a complex hydraulic channel with an underground mining system on the other hand, and the invasion of atmospheric precipitation into an underground production system causes great potential safety hazard to underground production. In addition, the high and steep side slope of the open pit is affected by weathering erosion, underground mining disturbance and the like, so that side slope collapse is easily induced, and the stability of earth surface building structures and underground production systems is threatened. The comprehensive restoration and utilization of the mine land are carried out, particularly, the wastes such as waste mine soil, stone and the like are reasonably utilized to carry out ecological treatment, and the ecological restoration of the mine is promoted.
After the production of the open-pit mine is finished, the open-pit mine is generally transferred to underground for continuous mining, the continuous mining and dressing movement causes the continuous accumulation of tailings, and the capacity of the mine tailings reservoir is gradually reduced until the closed reservoir is full. Therefore, under the conditions that the capacity of the original tailing pond is insufficient and a newly-built tailing pond is limited by environmental protection and safety policies, the treatment way and the treatment mode of the tailing become bottleneck problems which restrict the continuous development of mine enterprises.
In order to solve the problems, the technical idea of filling the open pit with mine tailings is provided by the predecessor, so that the open pit ecological management method can achieve two purposes by one stroke, and the double purposes of ecological management of the open pit and efficient utilization of tailings are achieved. However, in the currently published technical data, most tailing concentration wet discharge, dry stack discharge or cemented filling methods are adopted, and the above methods all have certain limitations: concentrated wet discharge of tailings is still fluid in nature, and for mines with poor engineering geological conditions or hidden goafs at the bottom of an open pit, once bottom instability is leaked, debris flow is formed, and serious disasters are caused; the dry heap is not particularly suitable for rainy areas in the south, the heap body stability is degraded after being soaked and softened by atmospheric precipitation for a long time, and tailing water easily enters a groundwater system through water guide channels such as side slope cracks and the like to cause pollution; although the tailing cemented filling can solve the problems, for a large open pit, a large amount of cementing agents are consumed for a long time, so that the production cost is increased, the open pit cemented filling and the underground filling generally share one set of system, and the long-time cemented filling of the open pit tends to influence the underground normal mining, filling and production.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide a more cheap open pit filling structure to prior art not enough.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:
the open pit filling structure comprises a first cementing curing layer arranged at the bottom of an open pit, wherein the top of the first cementing curing layer is provided with a plurality of groups of frame layers and second cementing curing layers which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top; the frame layer comprises a frame type cementing body with a plurality of cavities, and the cavities are filled with fillers.
Therefore, a frame type space structure is formed in the open pit, so that the safety and stability of the open pit backfill body can be guaranteed, and harmful ingredients in the filler can be prevented from migrating into an underground water system; the filler filled in the cavity does not need to be doped with a cementing agent, so that the filling cost can be effectively reduced, the water filtration maintenance period is shortened, the stacking and discharging efficiency is improved, and the utilization rate of the filler is increased.
Furthermore, the frame-type cementing body comprises an annular cementing belt, and a plurality of cementing strips are arranged in the annular cementing belt, so that a plurality of cavities are formed in the annular cementing belt.
Furthermore, the plurality of cementing strips are arranged in parallel, and two ends of the cementing strips are integrally connected with the annular cementing strips.
Further, the cementing strips are linear; in the upper and lower adjacent 2 sets of frame layers and the second consolidated layer, the angle between the upper and lower adjacent consolidated strips is 30-90 °.
Further, the cross section of the cavity is trapezoidal.
Further, the width of the top surface of the cavity is 5-10m, and the included angle between the side surface of the cavity and the horizontal plane is 30-60 degrees. Preferably, the distance between the bottom side edges of adjacent cavities is 3-5 m. Accordingly, the filler is filled in the cavity, as is the parameters of the dry stack formed. Further, the distance between the bottom side edge of the dry stack body at the outermost side and the open pit slope is 3-5 m.
Further, in the same set of the frame layer and the second cementitious cured layer, the frame layer is located below the second cementitious cured layer.
Further, the top surface of the first layer of cementitious cure is parallel to the horizontal plane.
Further, the filler is tailings. Preferably, the moisture content of the tailings is less than 20%.
Further, the thickness of the first consolidated cured layer is from 5 to 10 m; the thickness of the second cementitious cured layer is 1-3 m; the thickness of the frame layer is 2-3 m.
Preferably, the 28-day uniaxial compressive strength of the first cementitious cured layer satisfies 1.5 to 3.0 MPa.
Optionally, the cementing curing layer is made of a mixture of tailings, a cementing agent and water, and is compounded according to the conventional proportion.
Optionally, the cementing agent is cement.
Preferably, the 28-day uniaxial compressive strength of the frame cement is not less than 0.5 MPa.
Preferably, the 28-day uniaxial compressive strength of the second cementitious cured layer is not less than 1.0 MPa.
Alternatively, the tailings are divided into coarse tailings and fine tailings according to the size, the coarse tailings are used as aggregates for constructing a cemented solidified layer and a cemented body, and the fine particles are used as filling materials for the cavity. Compared with the prior art, the open pit filling structure can ensure the safety and stability of the open pit backfilling body and prevent harmful ingredients in the tailings from entering a groundwater system; the fine tailings are discharged in a dry pile mode, so that the filling cost can be effectively reduced, the water filtration maintenance period is shortened, the pile discharging efficiency is improved, and the tailing utilization rate is increased.
The open pit filling structure of the utility model is a frame type space structure, which can not only ensure the safety and stability of the open pit backfill body, but also prevent the harmful components in the filler from migrating into the underground water system; the filler filled in the cavity does not need to be doped with a cementing agent, so that the using amount of the cementing agent can be effectively reduced, the filling cost is reduced, the water filtering maintenance period is shortened, the stacking efficiency is improved, and the utilization rate of the filler is increased.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an open pit filling structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of a frame layer according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments. It should be noted that, in the present invention, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. For convenience of description, the words "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" in the following description are used only to indicate the correspondence between the upper, lower, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the open pit filling structure comprises a first cementing cured layer 2 arranged at the bottom of an open pit, wherein the top of the first cementing cured layer 2 is provided with a plurality of groups of frame layers and second cementing cured layers 5 which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top; the frame layer comprises a frame-type cement body with a plurality of cavities, and the cavities are filled with fillers 6 (to form a dry stack).
The frame type cementing body comprises an annular cementing belt 4, wherein 3 cementing strips 7 are arranged in the annular cementing belt 4, so that a plurality of cavities are formed in the annular cementing belt 4.
The cementing strips 7 are arranged in parallel, and two ends of the cementing strips 7 are integrally connected with the annular cementing belt 4.
The cementing strip 7 is linear; in the upper and lower adjacent 2 sets of frame layers and second glue cured layers 5, optionally the angle between the upper and lower adjacent glue stripes 7 is 90 ° to further enhance the load bearing capacity of the filled structure.
The cross section of the cavity is trapezoidal. The width of the top surface of the cavity is 5m, and the included angle between the side surface of the cavity and the horizontal plane is 45 degrees. Accordingly, the filler is filled in the cavity, as is the parameters of the dry stack formed.
In the same set of frame layer and second size cured layer 5, the frame layer is located below the second size cured layer 5.
The top surface of the first consolidated layer 2 is parallel to the horizontal plane.
The filler is tailing.
The thickness of the first consolidated layer 2 was 10 m; the thickness of the second consolidated layer 5 is 2 m; the thickness of the frame layer is 2 m.
The filling structure is tried in the filling of the open-air pit of a certain mine (with the production scale of 50 million t/a, located at the edge of a city) in the south, the open-air pit mining mode is adopted in the early stage of the mine, and a large open-air pit with the length of about 400m, the width of about 200m and the depth of about 70m is formed after the open-air pit mining is closed. And (4) switching to underground continuous production after the open pit is closed due to the continuous replacement requirement of resource mining. The underground main sublevel open stoping subsequent filling mining method is characterized in that ore pillars are isolated by 30-40 m between the uppermost middle section and the bottom of an open pit, and an untreated goaf remained in early mining exists. Because precipitation is more in rainy seasons in south, accumulated water in open pits easily permeates into goafs and underground tunnels through pit bottoms and side slope cracks, the production operation environment is influenced, surrounding rocks and ore pillars are corroded, volatilized and stably damaged for a long time, and safety risks exist. Meanwhile, the mine tailing pond is fully piled up, closed pond reclamation is performed according to requirements of related local departments, and a newly-built tailing pond is selected without sites, so that about 40% (about 18 ten thousand t/a) of the residual tailings can be discharged without places except for about 60% of underground filling consumption of the current tailings, and the sustainable production of mines is severely restricted.
Therefore, in order to solve the production treatment and tailing treatment problems of the abandoned open pit of the mine, a technical idea of filling the open pit with the tailing is provided, and the open pit filling structure is applied.
As shown in fig. 1, the filling system used comprises: the system comprises a full-tailing grain size grading system 1, a coarse grain filling slurry preparation system 8, a coarse grain filling slurry conveying system 3, a fine grain dehydration filtering system 9 and a fine grain tailing dry material conveying system 10.
Conveying the full-tailing mortar discharged from a factory to a full-tailing particle size grading system 1 for grading, and feeding coarse-particle tailings (more than or equal to 20 microns) into a coarse-particle filling slurry preparation system 8; the fine particle tailings (< 20 μm) enter a fine particle dewatering filtration system 9. In the coarse-grained filling slurry preparation system 8, coarse-grained tailings and a cementing agent (cement) are adopted according to the proportion of 1: 7, preparing filling slurry with the ash-sand ratio of 70%, conveying the filling slurry to the bottom of an open pit for cemented filling by a coarse particle filling slurry conveying system 3, wherein the cemented filling thickness is 10m, and testing the filling body maintenance by sampling to obtain a 28-balance uniaxial compressive strength of 2.5MPa, so as to obtain a first cemented curing layer 2. And (3) carrying the fine particle dry materials dehydrated and filtered in the fine particle dehydration and filtration system 9 until the water content is less than 15% to an open pit by an automobile, stacking and arranging the upper surfaces of the first cementing and curing layer 2 in a distributed manner, then layering and paving and compacting by a bulldozer, wherein the stacking and arranging height is 2m, the section is trapezoidal, the upper surface width is 5m, the slope angle is 45 degrees, a dry stack body is formed, and the distance between the adjacent dry stack body and the slope of the open pit is 3 m. Adjusting the ratio of coarse-grain tailings to the cement mortar to be 1: and 15, preparing filling slurry, conveying the filling slurry to the open pit through a pipeline, and performing cemented filling between the dry piles and the slope of the open pit to form a frame layer. The filling slurry conveying pipelines are annularly arranged along the side slope of the open pit, a branch pipe is led out by adopting a three-way pipe every 10m for carrying out multi-point material distribution, the filling efficiency is improved, and the uniform uniaxial compressive strength of a 28-balance through sampling test is 0.6 MPa. And after one-layer two-step dry stacking and cemented filling are completed, cemented filling is continued on the filling body, and the ratio of coarse-particle tailings to cement mortar is 1: 12, forming a second consolidated layer 5 with a thickness of 2m, and testing the sample for the uniform uniaxial compressive strength of the filling body maintenance 28 balance of 1.0 MPa. And repeating the two steps and the interlayer filling step to form a frame type tailing filling body structure, and filling the open pit with the frame type tailing filling body structure for ecological restoration.
From the above description, a frame-type spatial structure is constructed in the open sky pit by alternately filling the classified coarse tailings and the classified fine tailings according to two steps of cementing, curing and dry stacking and discharging respectively and forming a curing interlayer. The frame type cementing and curing structure can ensure the safety and stability of a pit backfilling body and prevent harmful ingredients in tailings from entering a groundwater system; the fine tailings are discharged in a dry pile mode, so that the filling cost can be effectively reduced, the water filtration maintenance period is shortened, the pile discharging efficiency is improved, and the tailing utilization rate is increased.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present application and should not be taken as limiting the present application in any way, and although the present application has been disclosed in the preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present application, and those skilled in the art should understand that they can make various changes and modifications within the technical scope of the present application without departing from the scope of the present application, and therefore all the changes and modifications can be made within the technical scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The open pit filling structure is characterized by comprising a first cementing curing layer (2) arranged at the bottom of an open pit, wherein the top of the first cementing curing layer (2) is provided with a plurality of groups of frame layers and second cementing curing layers (5) which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top; the frame layer comprises a frame type cementing body with a plurality of cavities, and the cavities are filled with fillers.
2. The pit filling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame-type cement comprises an annular cement band (4), in which annular cement band (4) several cement strips (7) are provided, so that several cavities are formed in the annular cement band (4).
3. -pit filling structure according to claim 2, characterized in that the several cementitious strips (7) are arranged parallel to each other, the two ends of the cementitious strip (7) being integrally connected to the annular cementitious strip (4).
4. -open pit filling structure according to claim 3, characterized in that the cementitious strip (7) is rectilinear; in the upper and lower adjacent 2 groups of frame layers and the second cementing cured layer (5), the included angle between the upper and lower adjacent cementing strips (7) is 30-90 degrees.
5. The pit filling structure of claim 4, wherein the cavity is trapezoidal in cross-section.
6. The pit filling structure of claim 5, wherein the cavity has a top width of 5-10m and the cavity has sides that are angled from 30-60 ° from the horizontal.
7. The open pit filling structure according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that in the same set of frame layer and second layer (5) of cementitious curing, the frame layer is located below the second layer (5) of cementitious curing.
8. The open pit filling structure according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the top surface of the first consolidated layer (2) is parallel to the horizontal plane.
9. The pit filling structure of any of claims 1-6, wherein the filler is tailings.
10. The open pit filling structure according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the thickness of the first consolidated layer (2) is from 5 to 10 m; the thickness of the second consolidated layer (5) is 1-3 m; the thickness of the frame layer is 2-3 m.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202220006728.5U CN216477459U (en) | 2022-01-04 | 2022-01-04 | Open pit filling structure |
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| CN202220006728.5U CN216477459U (en) | 2022-01-04 | 2022-01-04 | Open pit filling structure |
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| CN216477459U true CN216477459U (en) | 2022-05-10 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114293990A (en) * | 2022-01-04 | 2022-04-08 | 长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司 | Method for filling open pit |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114293990A (en) * | 2022-01-04 | 2022-04-08 | 长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司 | Method for filling open pit |
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