CN114292100B - Glazed tile with anti-slip and anti-slip effects and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Glazed tile with anti-slip and anti-slip effects and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114292100B CN114292100B CN202111677978.8A CN202111677978A CN114292100B CN 114292100 B CN114292100 B CN 114292100B CN 202111677978 A CN202111677978 A CN 202111677978A CN 114292100 B CN114292100 B CN 114292100B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of ceramic tiles and discloses a glazed tile with anti-sliding and anti-sliding effects and a preparation method thereof, wherein on one hand, a printing fancy glaze containing high-temperature convex powder and anti-sliding glaze powder is printed on the surface of the ceramic tile, so that a pattern layer is rich in anorthite and celsian crystals, and two kinds of crystals contained in the glaze layer can effectively form a surface height difference due to the particle size difference to generate a concave-convex surface layer; on the other hand, a special HRT pit digging rubber roll engraving process is adopted, and a more obvious concave-convex effect can be formed by matching with the printing fancy glaze, so that the anti-slip and anti-skid effects of the glazed tile can be further improved; the wet-water static friction coefficient of the glazed tile reaches over 0.7, the glaze is wear-resistant, the antifouling property reaches five levels, and the surface of the glazed tile presents various patterns with different shapes, so that the glazed tile is more attractive, natural and abundant; the preparation method does not need destructive process means such as grooving, cutting and coating of an anti-slip agent on the brick surface, and is simple to operate and low in preparation cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ceramic tiles and preparation methods thereof, in particular to a glazed tile with anti-slip and anti-slip effects and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Ceramic glazed tiles are one of common wall and ground decoration materials for home decoration at present, and are well received by consumers due to the advantages of easy cleaning, high strength, rich patterns and varieties and the like.
At present, because ceramic glaze ceramic tile surface is too level and smooth and causes personnel to tumble easily and cause injury, the disabled incident takes place occasionally, brings great hidden danger for people's personal safety. In addition, china gradually enters an aging society, and special properties of household products such as heat insulation performance, anti-skid performance, portability and the like are more and more valued by consumers. Therefore, the development of a ceramic glazed tile with anti-slip and anti-slip properties is one of the better ways to solve the problem or meet the performance requirements of household articles for the elderly.
The known preparation methods of glazed ceramic tiles with or similar to skid resistance and skid resistance mainly comprise the following steps:
(1) The mode that utilizes to change ceramic tile surface structure, like mould ceramic tile commonly used, mode such as plane ceramic tile cutting, drawing groove processing, through the pressure contact point who changes the ceramic tile surface to reach anti-skidding effect.
(2) The surface of the ceramic tile is provided with fine uneven rough surfaces by utilizing a special treatment mode of a glaze formula, such as a common technological means of raw firing overglaze or adding anti-slip dry glaze particles and the like, so that the effect of partial slip prevention is achieved.
(3) The post-processing treatment mode of application ceramic tile, if smear anti-skidding agent on the surface of ceramic tile, back through simple polishing treatment, make smooth ceramic tile surface form artificial destruction originally, make ceramic tile surface form slight unevenness structure to obtain skid-proof effect.
However, the above methods have some disadvantages, which are as follows:
method (1): because the original smooth surface of the ceramic tile is changed, dirt generated in the daily use process is extremely easy to accumulate at the position of a pit formed by a die or a pull groove, and the problem of high difficulty in sanitation and cleaning is caused.
Method (2): because of the poor sintering degree of the glaze, the surface of the green-burned ceramic tile on one hand is easy to cause the problems of pattern hair color difference, gray tone, lack of vividness, poor hand touch feeling and the like; on the other hand, the fired glaze or the dried glaze has fine pits at the surface microstructure, which often causes the problem of dirt absorption or unsmooth cleaning.
Method (3): adopt the processing mode of later stage anti-skidding agent, can increase use cost on the one hand, the anti-skidding glaze that on the other hand anti-skidding agent was handled has certain life, uses a period after, and the anti-skidding effect of ceramic tile weakens or inefficacy.
It is seen that improvements and enhancements to the prior art are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a glazed tile with anti-slip and anti-slip effects and a preparation method thereof, and aims to overcome the defects of the prior similar method in the process technology, product effect and product use process and improve the anti-slip, anti-fouling and color development effects of the glazed tile.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a glazed tile with antiskid, antiskid effect, from supreme including in proper order down: a green body layer, a surface glaze layer, a color texture layer, a protective glaze layer and a pattern layer; the pattern layer is formed by printing and dyeing printing fancy glaze through a rubber roller, and the printing fancy glaze comprises high-temperature protrusion powder, anti-slip glaze powder and printing paste; lines are carved on the surface of the rubber roller.
The glazed tile with the anti-slip and anti-slip effects comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: siO 2 2 ：38％～42％、Al 2 O 3 ：26％～31％、Fe 2 O 3 ：≤0.2％、TiO 2 ：≤0.1％、CaO：3％～5％、MgO：1.5％～2％、K 2 O：3.5％～3.8％、Na 2 O:1% -1.5%, znO:3% -4%, baO:11% -13.5%, srO:0.7 to 1.1 percent, and the balance of ignition loss.
The glazed tile with the anti-slip and anti-slip effects is characterized in that the high-temperature bump powder comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: siO 2 2 ：48％～49％、Al 2 O 3 ：18％～18.5％、Fe 2 O 3 ：0.12％、TiO 2 ：0.04％、CaO：7％～7.5％、MgO：1.5％～2％、K 2 O：3％～3.5％、Na 2 O:1.5% -2%, znO:4% -4.5%, baO:8.5% -9%, srO:1.5 to 2 percent, and the balance being ignition loss.
The glazed tile with the anti-slip and anti-slip effects comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: siO 2 2 ：31％～31.5％、Al 2 O 3 ：38.4％～38.8％、Fe 2 O 3 ：0.05％、TiO 2 ：0.01％、CaO：0.2％～0.25％、MgO：1.5％～2.0％、K 2 O：3.5％～4％、Na 2 O:1.0% -1.3%, znO:2.5% -3%, baO:15.8 to 16.1 percent, and the balance of loss on ignition.
The glazed tile with the anti-slip and anti-slip effects is characterized in that the addition amounts of the high-temperature bump powder, the anti-slip glaze powder and the printing paste in the printed glaze are respectively as follows in parts by weight: 40-60 parts, 40-60 parts and 60-80 parts.
The glazed tile with the anti-slip and anti-slip effects is characterized in that the specific gravity of the printing fancy glaze is 1.61-1.76, and the flow rate is as follows: 20 to 38S.
The glazed tile with the anti-sliding and anti-sliding effects is characterized in that the patterns on the pattern layer are formed by combining and arranging at least six patterns with different shapes, and the line diameter range of the patterns is PX 6-PX 16.
The glazed tile with the anti-sliding and anti-sliding effects is characterized in that the downward extension depth of the lines on the rubber roller is 1.20-1.55 mm; the thickness of the pattern layer is 0.95-1.35 mm.
The glazed tile with the anti-slip and anti-slip effects is characterized in that the raw material for preparing the green layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 35-45% of quartz, 20-30% of feldspar, 5-10% of hard clay, 20-30% of plastic clay and 5-10% of nepheline.
A preparation method of a glazed tile with anti-slip and anti-slip effects comprises the glazed tile with anti-slip and anti-slip effects, and comprises the following steps:
step A, treating and processing raw materials to prepare a green body;
b, spreading a cover glaze on the surface of the green body, printing color textures on the surface of the cover glaze, and spreading a protective glaze on the color textures;
c, printing the pattern layer with the anti-slip effect on the green body coated with the protective glaze through a roller to obtain a primary glazed tile finished product;
and D, firing and molding the primary glazed tile product at high temperature.
Has the advantages that:
the invention provides a glazed tile with anti-sliding and anti-sliding effects, on one hand, a printing fancy glaze containing high-temperature protrusion powder and anti-sliding glaze powder is printed on the surface of the tile, the high-temperature protrusion powder adopts low silicon, medium aluminum, high barium and high calcium, so that a large amount of anorthite and celsian crystal glaze layers are generated after firing, the anti-sliding glaze powder adopts low silicon, high aluminum and high barium, so that a large amount of celsian crystal glaze layers are generated after firing, the two crystal glaze layers are matched to form a fine, smooth, non-rough, low-glossiness, high transparency, less glass phase and mixed glaze layer rich in crystal phase, and two crystal phases contained in the glaze layer can effectively form surface height difference due to particle size difference to generate a concave-convex surface layer, so that the glaze layer has anti-sliding and anti-sliding effects; on the other hand, a special HRT pit digging rubber roll engraving process is adopted, the lower extension depth of engraving on the surface of the rubber roll reaches 1.20-1.55 mm, after the printing fancy glaze is fired at high temperature, the surface pattern layer can reach the thickness of 0.95-1.35 mm, the height difference between the pattern layer and the surface of the protective glaze layer can be effectively generated, and an obvious concave-convex effect is formed, so that the anti-sliding and anti-sliding effects of the glazed tile are further improved; through various different patterns designed in advance, the pattern layer has the effects of skid resistance, skid resistance and attractive appearance; the surface of the glazed tile forms a concave-convex structure with large height difference, so that the glazed tile has good anti-skidding and anti-skidding performances, and the wet-water static friction coefficient of the glazed tile reaches over 0.7; the glaze layer has high transparency, the glazed tile has bright color, the pattern texture of the glazed tile is clear, and the glaze is fine, smooth and soft and has good hand feeling; the glaze is wear-resistant, the antifouling reaches five grades, and the glaze is sanitary, clean, convenient and easy; and the surface of the glazed tile presents various patterns with different shapes, so that the glazed tile is more attractive, natural and abundant.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the glazed tile with anti-slip and anti-slip effects, and destructive process means such as grooving, cutting and coating of an anti-slip agent on the tile surface are not required in the preparation method, so that the product is strong in consistency and high in stability; in addition, the preparation method is simple, the operation is convenient for workers, and the conventional ceramic production line does not need to be greatly modified or adjusted, so that the preparation method is beneficial to large-scale application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a glazed tile with anti-slip and anti-slip effects according to the present invention.
Description of the main element symbols: 1-green body layer, 2-surface glaze layer, 3-color texture layer, 4-protective glaze layer and 5-pattern layer.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a glazed tile with anti-slip and anti-slip effects and a preparation method thereof, and in order to make the purpose, technical scheme and effect of the invention clearer and more clear, the invention is further described in detail by referring to the attached drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention further provides a glazed tile with anti-slip and anti-slip effects, which sequentially comprises from bottom to top: a green body layer 1, a surface glaze layer 2, a color texture layer 3, a protective glaze layer 4 and a pattern layer 5; the pattern layer 5 is formed by printing and dyeing printing fancy glaze through a rubber roll, and the printing fancy glaze comprises high-temperature protrusion powder, anti-slip glaze powder and printing paste; lines are carved on the surface of the rubber roller. Anorthite crystals and celsian crystals with different particle sizes are formed in the pattern layer 5 and are matched with a rubber roller pit digging and carving process, so that a concave-convex structure with larger height difference is formed, and good anti-slip and anti-skid effects are achieved; the pattern layer has high transparency, the ceramic tile has bright color, the pattern has clear lines, and the hand feeling is fine; the glaze is formed by combining various patterns with different shapes, so that the glaze is more natural; the ceramic tile has stable quality, the preparation method has low cost, the surface is not easy to store dirt and dirty, the antifouling performance is good, the wear resistance and the strength are high, and the use and nursing cost is low.
Further, by massThe chemical composition of the printing fancy glaze comprises the following components in percentage: siO 2 2 ：38％～42％、Al 2 O 3 ：26％～31％、Fe 2 O 3 ：≤0.2％、TiO 2 ：≤0.1％、CaO：3％～5％、MgO：1.5％～2％、K 2 O：3.5％～3.8％、Na 2 O:1% -1.5%, znO:3% -4%, baO:11% -13.5%, srO:0.7 to 1.1 percent, and the balance of ignition loss. The specific gravity of the printing fancy glaze is 1.61-1.76, and the flow rate is as follows: 20 to 38S.
The chemical composition of the printing fancy glaze is preferably as follows by mass percent: siO 2 2 ：39.87％、Al 2 O 3 ：28.52％、Fe 2 O 3 ：0.09％、TiO 2 ：0.03％、CaO：3.83％、MgO：1.76％、K 2 O：3.59％、Na 2 O:1.42%, znO:3.60%, baO:12.34%, srO:0.88 percent, and the balance being loss on ignition.
The printing fancy glaze is sintered at high temperature and then is mixed and melted to form two crystal phases of anorthite and celsian, and the granularity of the two crystal phases is in different distribution, so that the surface of the fancy layer forms obvious concave-convex fall, and the fancy layer has the effects of skid resistance and skid resistance.
Further, the high-temperature bump powder comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: siO 2 2 ：48％～49％、Al 2 O 3 ：18％～18.5％、Fe 2 O 3 ：0.12％、TiO 2 ：0.04％、CaO：7％～7.5％、MgO：1.5％～2％、K 2 O：3％～3.5％、Na 2 O:1.5% -2%, znO:4% -4.5%, baO:8.5% -9%, srO:1.5 to 2 percent, and the balance of loss on ignition.
The chemical composition of the high-temperature bump powder is preferably as follows by mass percent: siO 2 2 ：48.6％、Al 2 O 3 ：18.47％、Fe 2 O 3 ：0.12％、TiO 2 ：0.04％、CaO：7.46％、MgO：1.93％、K 2 O：3.29％、Na 2 O:1.76%, znO:4.34%, baO:8.64%, srO:1.76%, ignition loss: 3.59% (1000 ℃).
The high-temperature bump powder contains low-content silicon oxide, medium-content aluminum oxide, high-content barium oxide and high-content calcium oxide, the high-temperature bump powder is sintered at the high temperature of 1250 +/-5 ℃, mixed and melted for 50-65 minutes, anorthite crystals and celsian crystals are respectively generated in a printing fancy glaze layer, potassium oxide and sodium oxide are introduced into a formula to achieve strong fluxing capacity at a low sintering temperature, strontium oxide and zinc oxide achieve strong fluxing capacity at a high sintering temperature, the strong fluxing system can obviously reduce the sintering temperature of the high-temperature bump powder, and the generation of anorthite crystal phases and celsian crystal phases is accelerated.
Further, the anti-slip glaze powder comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: siO 2 2 ：31％～31.5％、Al 2 O 3 ：38.4％～38.8％、Fe 2 O 3 ：0.05％、TiO 2 ：0.01％、CaO：0.2％～0.25％、MgO：1.5％～2.0％、K 2 O：3.5％～4％、Na 2 O:1.0% -1.3%, znO:2.5% -3%, baO:15.8 to 16.1 percent, and the balance of loss on ignition.
The anti-slip glaze powder preferably comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: siO 2 2 ：31.14％、Al 2 O 3 ：38.57％、Fe 2 O 3 ：0.05％、TiO 2 ：0.01％、CaO：0.20％、MgO：1.58％、K 2 O：3.89％、Na 2 O:1.08%, znO:2.85%, baO:16.04%, burn loss: 4.59% (1000 ℃).
The slip-resistant glaze powder contains low-content silicon oxide, high-content aluminum oxide and high-content barium oxide, the slip-resistant glaze powder is sintered at a high temperature of 1250 +/-5 ℃, mixed and melted for 50-65 minutes to generate a celsian crystal in a printing glaze layer, and in the same way, potassium oxide, sodium oxide and zinc oxide are introduced into the formula to reduce the sintering temperature of the slip-resistant glaze powder and accelerate the generation of the celsian crystal. In addition, in order to improve the transparency of the slip-resistant glaze powder, part of the alumina in the slip-resistant glaze powder is replaced by calcined alumina, namely corundum, so that the slip-resistant glaze powder has the properties of higher firing temperature and high transparency, and the clear presentation of an underglaze pattern is ensured.
Further, the invention provides a preparation method of a glazed tile with anti-slip and anti-slip effects, which comprises the following steps:
a, processing and processing raw materials, specifically comprising the steps of selecting raw materials, weighing the raw materials, ball-milling, removing iron, spraying and granulating to prepare powder, pressing and molding the powder by a press, and drying to obtain a green body; the green body was formed at a pressure of: 45 to 55MPa. The raw materials in the step A comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 35-45% of quartz, 20-30% of feldspar, 5-10% of hard clay, 20-30% of plastic clay and 5-10% of nepheline. The raw blank is proportioned with ball-milling slurry, the fineness and the weight percentage of the ball-milling slurry are 250 meshes of screen residue: 2.0% +/-0.1%, the density of blank slurry is 1.70-1.75 g/cm 3 。
B, coating glaze on the surface Shi Lin of the green body by glaze spraying equipment, printing color textures on the surface of the glaze by ink jet printing equipment, and spraying protective glaze on the surface of the color textures by glaze spraying equipment; the overglaze is used for covering the ground color of the green body; the color texture is used for forming texture patterns and further covering the ground color of the green body, and the protective glaze is used for covering oily ink on the color texture and paving a subsequent pattern applying layer. The overglaze and the protective glaze in this embodiment are both conventional overglaze and protective glaze, and the spraying process or the glaze spraying process is both conventional processes, and are not described herein again.
And C, printing a pattern layer with a slip-resistant effect on the green body coated with the protective glaze by a roller to obtain a primary finished product of the glazed tile. The pattern layer is formed by printing and dyeing printing fancy glaze through a rubber roll, and the printing fancy glaze comprises 40-60 parts by weight of high-temperature protrusion powder, 40-60 parts by weight of anti-slip glaze powder and 60-80 parts by weight of printing paste. The printing paste is used for adjusting the viscosity and the fluidity of the printing fancy glaze, so that the high-temperature bump powder and the anti-slip glaze powder have certain viscosity and fluidity, and the printing paste can be transfected onto the protective glaze through the rubber roller. The components in the adding range enable the glaze to form a concave-convex structure with obvious height difference, and excessive high-temperature raised powder (namely, the content of the slip-resistant glaze powder is low) or excessive slip-resistant glaze powder (namely, the content of the high-temperature raised powder is low) hardly enable anorthite crystal grains and celsian crystal grains with different grain diameters to form obvious height difference, so that the depth of the concave-convex structure is insufficient, and the slip resistance and slip resistance of the glazed brick are reduced.
And D, firing and molding the primary glazed tile product at high temperature, wherein the firing temperature is 1250 +/-5 ℃, and the firing time is 50-65 minutes. The firing conditions are matched with the components of the high-temperature bump powder and the slip-resistant glaze powder in the printing fancy glaze, the firing temperature is lower than the sintering temperature of the high-temperature bump powder and the slip-resistant glaze powder, and substances with good temperature resistance, such as aluminum oxide and the like, in the high-temperature bump powder and the slip-resistant glaze powder are prevented from being completely leveled and losing uneven structures.
And E, edging and packaging the primary glazed tile product to obtain a finished product.
Further, the addition amounts of the high-temperature bump powder, the anti-slip glaze powder and the printing paste in the printing fancy glaze are respectively as follows in parts by weight: 40-60 parts, 40-60 parts and 60-80 parts. Specifically, the printing fancy glaze also contains a suspending agent, and the suspending agent is used for improving the dispersibility of powdery high-temperature bump powder and slip-resistant glaze powder, so that the powdery high-temperature bump powder and the slip-resistant glaze powder stably exist in a printing fancy glaze system and are prevented from settling. The high-temperature convex powder, the anti-slip glaze powder and the printing paste in the proportion are uniformly stirred and then printed and dyed on the protective glaze through roller printing, a special HRT pit digging carving process is applied to the rubber roller, the downward extending depth of the surface carving of the rubber roller reaches 1.20-1.55 mm, the thickness of a pattern layer on the surface of the ceramic tile reaches 0.95-1.35 mm after the printing fancy glaze is fired at high temperature, and the more obvious concave-convex effect of high-low level fall is formed on the surface of the ceramic tile, so that the anti-slip and anti-slip effects of the ceramic tile are further improved.
Further, in the step C, the patterns on the pattern layer are designed in advance by means of photoshopcs6 drawing software, and the patterns are formed by combining and arranging at least six patterns with different shapes, specifically, the patterns include, but are not limited to, circles, triangles, hexagons, diamonds, arcs and the like. The pattern layer formed by combining various patterns with different shapes can realize different concave-convex height drops on the surface of the ceramic tile, so that the surface of the ceramic tile achieves effective anti-sliding and anti-slip effects, and the patterns with different shapes can realize multi-surface, infinite and random printing distribution. The line diameter of the pattern is in the range of PX6 to PX16. The line diameter in the range enables the surface of the ceramic tile to form concave-convex structures with different heights, and when the line diameter is smaller than PX6, the height of the formed concave-convex structures is not obvious, so that the improvement of the anti-skidding and anti-skidding formation of the surface of the ceramic tile is not facilitated; when the line diameter is larger than PX16, the roughness of the surface of the ceramic tile is easily increased, and the fineness of the glaze surface is reduced.
To further illustrate the anti-slip and anti-slip glazed tile and the preparation method thereof provided by the present invention, the following examples are provided.
Example 1
The utility model provides a glazed tile with antiskid, antiskid effect which follows supreme the following and includes in proper order: a green body layer 1, a surface glaze layer 2, a color texture layer 3, a protective glaze layer 4 and a pattern layer 5; the pattern layer 5 is formed by printing and dyeing printing fancy glaze through a rubber roll, and the printing fancy glaze comprises high-temperature protrusion powder, anti-slip glaze powder and printing paste; lines are carved on the surface of the rubber roller.
Firstly, adding 38% of quartz, 22% of feldspar and 8% of hard clay into 25% of plastic clay according to mass percentage, uniformly stirring, adding 7% of nepheline powder, uniformly mixing, then carrying out ball milling to remove iron, and enabling the fineness to reach 250-mesh sieve residue: 2.0 percent, the density of the slurry reaches 1.70 to 1.75g/cm 3 . Then forming powder with the water content of 5-7% by the processes of spray drying and the like, forming a blank body by a press with the pressure of 450bar, and drying for 15 minutes at the temperature of 150 ℃ to obtain the blank body for later use.
50 parts of high-temperature bump powder, 50 parts of slip-resistant glaze powder, 60 parts of printing paste and the like are used as raw materials, the raw materials are mixed and ground by a high-speed grinder, and the fineness reaches 325 meshes and is less than 0.1 percent after homogenization to prepare the printing fancy glaze for later use. The printing fancy glaze comprises the following components in percentage by mass: siO 2 2 ：39.87％、Al 2 O 3 ：28.52％、Fe 2 O 3 ：0.09％、TiO 2 ：0.03％、CaO：3.83％、MgO：1.76％、K 2 O：3.59％、Na 2 O:1.42%, znO:3.60%, baO:12.34%, srO:0.88%, loss on ignition: 4.07% (1000 ℃), the flow rate of the printing fancy glaze was 38S, and the specific gravity was 1.76.
Then 12-16 g of green body with 800 x 800mm is sprayed with water, and the bell jar drenches 500 g/m of overglaze 2 Printing patterns and colors by an ink-jet printer, and then applying 230 g/m of protective glaze by a water jet glaze spraying cabinet 2 Printing and dyeing the spare printing fancy glaze on the protective glaze by using a roller printing machine, and then carrying out high-temperature glaze firing at 1250 ℃ for 50min. And (3) edging and packaging the semi-finished product after glaze firing to finally obtain the finished glazed tile product with the anti-slip and anti-slip effects.
The wet-water static friction coefficient of the glazed tile with the anti-slip and anti-slip effects obtained in the example 1 is 0.75, and the glazed tile is of an extremely safe anti-slip grade; the abrasion resistance of the glaze is 1500 turns, 3 grades; the stain resistance was grade 5. (the performance tests are respectively measured by methods of GB/T4100, GB/T3810.7, GB/T3810.14 and the like.)
Example 2
The utility model provides a glazed tile with antiskid, anti-skidding effect which follows supreme and includes in proper order: a green body layer 1, a surface glaze layer 2, a color texture layer 3, a protective glaze layer 4 and a pattern layer 5; the pattern layer 5 is formed by printing and dyeing printing fancy glaze through a rubber roller, and the printing fancy glaze comprises high-temperature protrusion powder, anti-slip glaze powder and printing paste; lines are carved on the surface of the rubber roller.
Firstly, adding 40% of quartz, 25% of feldspar and 5% of hard clay into 25% of plastic clay according to mass percentage, uniformly stirring, adding 5% of nepheline powder, uniformly mixing, then carrying out ball milling to remove iron, and enabling the fineness to reach 250-mesh sieve residue: 2.0 percent, and the density of the slurry reaches 1.70 to 1.75g/cm 3 . Then, powder with the water content of 5-7% is formed by the procedures of spray drying and the like, and is molded into a green body by a press with the pressure of 500bar, and the green body is dried for 15 minutes at the temperature of 200 ℃ to obtain the green body for later use.
40 parts of high-temperature bump powder, 60 parts of slip-resistant glaze powder, 70 parts of printing paste and other raw materials are mixed and ground by a high-speed grinder, and the mixed and ground materials are homogenized to have the fineness of 325 meshes and the residual content of less than 0.1 percent to prepare the printing fancy glaze for later use. The printing fancy glaze comprises the following components in percentage by mass: siO 2 2 ：38.12％、Al 2 O 3 ：30.53％、Fe 2 O 3 ：0.08％、TiO 2 ：0.02％、CaO：3.10％、MgO：1.72％、K 2 O：3.65％、Na 2 O:1.35%, znO:3.45%, baO:13.08%, srO:0.70%, loss on ignition: 4.20% (1000 ℃), the flow rate of the printing fancy glaze is 29S, and the specific gravity is 1.69.
Then 12-16 g of green body with 800 x 800mm is sprayed with water, and the bell jar drenches 500 g/m of overglaze 2 Printing patterns and colors by an ink-jet printer, and then applying 230 g/m of protective glaze by a water jet glaze spraying cabinet 2 Printing and dyeing the spare printing fancy glaze on the protective glaze by using a roller printing machine, and then carrying out high-temperature glaze firing at 1250 ℃ for 55min. And (4) edging and packaging the semi-finished product after glaze firing to finally obtain the finished glazed tile product with the anti-slip and anti-skid effects.
The wet-water static friction coefficient of the glazed tile with the anti-slip and anti-slip effects obtained in the example 2 is 0.78, and the glazed tile is of an extremely safe anti-slip grade; the abrasion resistance of the glaze surface is 1500 turns, 3 grades; the stain resistance was grade 5. (the performance tests are respectively measured by methods of GB/T4100, GB/T3810.7, GB/T3810.14 and the like.)
Example 3
The utility model provides a glazed tile with antiskid, antiskid effect which follows supreme the following and includes in proper order: a green body layer 1, a surface glaze layer 2, a color texture layer 3, a protective glaze layer 4 and a pattern layer 5; the pattern layer 5 is formed by printing and dyeing printing fancy glaze through a rubber roller, and the printing fancy glaze comprises high-temperature protrusion powder, anti-slip glaze powder and printing paste; lines are carved on the surface of the rubber roller.
Firstly, 43 percent of quartz, 20 percent of feldspar and 8 percent of hard clay are added into 22 percent of plastic clay according to the mass percentage, the mixture is stirred evenly, and then 7 percent of nepheline is addedMixing the stone powder uniformly, then ball-milling to remove iron, and sieving with a sieve with the fineness of 250 meshes to obtain: 2.0 percent, the density of the slurry reaches 1.70 to 1.75g/cm 3 . Then forming powder with the water content of 5-7% by the processes of spray drying and the like, forming a blank by a press with the pressure of 550bar, and drying for 15 minutes at the temperature of 170 ℃ to obtain the blank for later use.
60 parts of high-temperature bump powder, 40 parts of slip-resistant glaze powder, 80 parts of printing paste and the like are used as raw materials, the raw materials are mixed and ground by a high-speed grinder, and the fineness reaches 325 meshes and is less than 0.1 percent after homogenization to prepare the printing fancy glaze for later use. The printing fancy glaze comprises the following components in percentage by mass: siO 2 2 ：41.62％、Al 2 O 3 ：26.51％、Fe 2 O 3 ：0.09％、TiO 2 ：0.03％、CaO：4.56％、MgO：1.79％、K 2 O：3.53％、Na 2 O:1.49%, znO:3.74%, baO:11.60%, srO:1.06%, loss on ignition: 3.98% (1000 ℃), the flow rate of the printing fancy glaze is 20S, and the specific gravity is 1.61.
Then spraying 12-16 g of water by using a green body with 800 x 800mm, and spraying 500 g/m of overglaze on a bell jar 2 Printing patterns and colors by an ink-jet printer, and then applying 230 g/m of protective glaze by a water jet glaze spraying cabinet 2 Printing and dyeing the spare printing fancy glaze on the protective glaze by using a roller printing machine, and then carrying out high-temperature glaze firing at 1250 ℃ for 65min. And (3) edging and packaging the semi-finished product after glaze firing to finally obtain the finished glazed tile product with the anti-slip and anti-slip effects.
The wet-water static friction coefficient of the glazed tile with the anti-slip and anti-slip effects obtained in example 3 is 0.70, which is an extremely safe anti-slip grade. The abrasion resistance of the glaze surface is 1500 turns, 3 grades, and the pollution resistance is 5 grades. (the performance tests are respectively measured by methods of GB/T4100, GB/T3810.7, GB/T3810.14 and the like.)
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of comparative example 1 is basically the same as that of example 1, except that the parts by weight of the printing fancy glaze are different, specifically: using 30 parts of high-temperature convex powder, 70 parts of slip-resistant glaze powder, 60 parts of printing paste and the like as raw materialsAnd (3) mixing and grinding by a high-speed grinder, and preparing the printing fancy glaze for later use after the fineness reaches 325 meshes and is less than 0.1 percent. The printing fancy glaze comprises the following components in percentage by mass: siO 2 2 ：36.38％、Al 2 O 3 ：32.54％、Fe 2 O 3 ：0.07％、TiO 2 ：0.02％、CaO：2.38％、MgO：1.69％、K 2 O：3.71％、Na 2 O:1.28%, znO:3.30%, baO:13.82%, srO:0.53%, loss on ignition: 4.28% (1000 ℃), the flow rate of the printing fancy glaze is 38S, and the specific gravity is 1.76.
Because the printing fancy glaze obtained by adopting 30 parts of high-temperature bump powder and 70 parts of anti-slip glaze powder in the comparative example 1 has the CaO content of only 2.38 percent by weight, after the printing fancy glaze is fired at high temperature, the number of internal anorthite crystals is reduced, the particle height drop value of the anorthite crystals and the celsian crystals is reduced, and the wet-water static friction coefficient of the finished glazed tile is finally measured to be 0.59, which is a medium-safety anti-slip grade; the abrasion resistance of the glaze is 1500 turns, 3 grades; in addition, the SrO content in the printing fancy glaze is 0.53 percent by weight, the firing temperature of the printing fancy glaze is slightly higher, the meltability of the glaze surface is slightly poor, the glaze surface has slight open pores, and the pollution resistance is measured to be 4 grades. (the performance tests are respectively measured by methods of GB/T4100, GB/T3810.7, GB/T3810.14 and the like.)
Comparative example 2
The preparation method of the comparative example 2 is basically the same as that of the example 1, except that the parts by weight of the printing fancy glaze are different, and specifically comprises the following steps: 70 parts of high-temperature bump powder, 30 parts of slip-resistant glaze powder, 60 parts of printing paste and the like are used as raw materials, the raw materials are mixed and ground by a high-speed grinder, and the fineness reaches 325 meshes and is less than 0.1 percent after homogenization to prepare the printing fancy glaze for later use. The printing fancy glaze comprises the following components in percentage by mass: siO 2 2 ：43.36％、Al 2 O 3 ：24.50％、Fe 2 O 3 ：0.01％、TiO 2 ：0.03％、CaO：5.28％、MgO：1.83％、K 2 O：3.47％、Na 2 O:1.56%, znO:3.89%, baO:10.86%, srO:1.23%, loss on ignition: 3.98% (1000 ℃), saidThe flow rate of the printing fancy glaze is 37S, and the specific gravity is 1.75.
Because the printing fancy glaze obtained by 70 parts of high-temperature bump powder and 30 parts of anti-slip glaze powder is adopted in the comparative example 2, the CaO content in the printing fancy glaze is 5.28 percent by weight, the internal anorthite crystals are more after the printing glaze is fired at high temperature, on the contrary, the BaO content in the printing fancy glaze is 10.86 percent by weight, the relative content is less, and the barium feldspar crystal phase generated at high temperature is insufficient, so that the particle height drop value of the anorthite crystals and the barium feldspar crystals is smaller, and the wet-water static friction coefficient of the finished glazed tile is measured to be 0.55 and is in a medium safe anti-slip grade; in addition, the SrO content of the printing fancy glaze is 1.23 percent by weight, the firing temperature of the printing fancy glaze is obviously reduced, the glaze surface is fully melted, the glass phase is increased, the glossiness of the glaze surface is increased, and the abrasion resistance of the glaze surface is measured to be 750 turns and 3 grades; the stain resistance was measured to be grade 5. (the performance tests are respectively measured by methods of GB/T4100, GB/T3810.7, GB/T3810.14 and the like.)
In the comparative examples 1 and 2, the addition amounts of the high-temperature bump powder and the anti-slip glaze powder in the printing fancy glaze cannot achieve the optimal matching ratio, so that the final glazed tile finished product does not achieve the optimal effect in the aspects of performance indexes such as static friction coefficient, wear resistance, stain resistance and the like.
Comparative example 3
The preparation method of the comparative example 3 is basically the same as that of the example 1, except that the depth under the lines on the rubber roller is 0.5-0.7 mm, and the thickness of the pattern layer is 0.25-0.45 mm.
The lower extension depth of the rubber roller of the comparative example 3 becomes shallow, the thickness of the pattern layer becomes thin after the printing fancy glaze is printed by the roller, the particle height drop value of anorthite crystal and celsian crystal in the glaze layer is reduced after the printing fancy glaze is fired, and the glazed tile prepared by the comparative example 3 is tested to obtain that the wet-water static friction coefficient of the finished glazed tile is 0.50, which is a medium-safety antiskid grade; measuring the wear resistance of the glaze surface to be 1500 turns and 3 grades; the stain resistance was measured to be grade 5. (the performance tests are respectively measured by methods of GB/T4100, GB/T3810.7, GB/T3810.14 and the like.)
Comparative example 4
The preparation method of the comparative example 4 is basically the same as that of the example 1, except that the depth under the lines on the rubber roller is 1.85-2.00 mm, and the thickness of the pattern layer is 1.55-1.95 mm.
The downward extension depth of the rubber roller of the comparative example 4 is increased, so that after the printing fancy glaze is printed by the roller, the thickness of the fancy layer is increased, but the roller printing is not facilitated, and the cleaning difficulty of the rubber roller is increased; and the fired glaze has rough hand feeling and reduced fineness, which is not beneficial to the color generation of the pattern texture layer.
In summary, on one hand, the printing fancy glaze containing high-temperature protrusion powder and anti-slip glaze powder is printed on the surface of the ceramic tile, the high-temperature protrusion powder adopts low silicon, medium aluminum, high barium and high calcium, so that a large amount of anorthite and celsian crystal glaze layers are generated after firing, the anti-slip glaze powder adopts low silicon, high aluminum and high barium, so that a large amount of celsian glaze layers are generated after firing, the two glaze layers are matched to form a mixed glaze layer which is fine, smooth, not rough, low in glossiness, high in transparency, less in glass phase and rich in crystal phase, and two crystal phases contained in the glaze layer can effectively form surface height difference due to particle size difference to generate a concave-convex surface layer, so that the glaze layer has anti-slip and anti-slip effects; on the other hand, a special HRT pit digging rubber roll engraving process is adopted, the lower extension depth of engraving on the surface of the rubber roll reaches 1.20-1.55 mm, after the printing fancy glaze is fired at high temperature, the surface pattern layer can reach the thickness of 0.95-1.35 mm, the height difference between the pattern layer and the surface of the protective glaze layer can be effectively generated, and an obvious concave-convex effect is formed, so that the anti-sliding and anti-sliding effects of the glazed tile are further improved; through various different patterns designed in advance, the pattern layer has the effects of skid resistance, skid resistance and attractive appearance; the surface of the glazed tile with the anti-slip and anti-slip effects forms a concave-convex structure with large height difference, so that the glazed tile has good anti-slip and anti-slip performances, and the wet-water static friction coefficient of the glazed tile reaches over 0.7; the glaze layer has high transparency, the glazed tile has bright color, the pattern texture of the glazed tile is clear, and the glaze is fine, smooth and soft and has good hand feeling; the glaze is wear-resistant, the antifouling reaches five grades, and the glaze is sanitary, clean, convenient and easy; and the surface of the glazed tile presents various patterns with different shapes, so that the glazed tile is more attractive, natural and abundant. The preparation method does not need destructive process means such as grooving, cutting and coating of an anti-slip agent on the brick surface, so that the product is strong in consistency and high in stability; in addition, the preparation method is simple, the operation of workers is convenient, the conventional ceramic production line does not need to be greatly modified or adjusted, and the large-scale application is facilitated.
It should be understood that equivalents and modifications of the technical solution and inventive concept thereof may occur to those skilled in the art, and all such modifications and alterations should fall within the protective scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a glazed tile with antiskid effect which from supreme down include in proper order: a green body layer, a surface glaze layer, a color texture layer, a protective glaze layer and a pattern layer; the pattern layer is formed by printing and dyeing printing fancy glaze through a rubber roll, and the printing fancy glaze comprises high-temperature protrusion powder, anti-slip glaze powder and printing paste; lines are carved on the surface of the rubber roller;
wherein, calculated by mass percent, the chemical composition of the printing fancy glaze comprises: siO 2 2 ：38%～42%、Al 2 O 3 ：26%～31%、Fe 2 O 3 ：≤0.2%、TiO 2 ：≤0.1%、CaO：3%～5%、MgO：1.5%～2%、K 2 O：3.5%～3.8%、Na 2 O:1% -1.5%, znO:3% -4%, baO:11% -13.5%, srO:0.7 to 1.1 percent, and the balance of ignition loss;
the high-temperature bump powder comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: siO 2 2 ：48%～49%、Al 2 O 3 ：18%～18.5%、Fe 2 O 3 ：0.12%、TiO 2 ：0.04%、CaO：7%～7.5%、 MgO：1.5%～2%、K 2 O：3%～3.5%、Na 2 O:1.5% -2%, znO:4% -4.5%, baO:8.5% -9%, srO: 1.5-2 percent, and the balance of ignition loss;
the anti-slip glaze powder comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: siO 2 2 ：31%～31.5%、Al 2 O 3 ：38.4%～38.8%、Fe 2 O 3 ：0.05%、TiO 2 ：0.01%、CaO：0.2%～0.25%、MgO：1.5%～2.0%、K 2 O：3.5%～4%、Na 2 O:1.0% -1.3%, znO:2.5% -3%, baO:15.8 to 16.1 percent, and the balance of ignition loss;
the downward extension depth of the line on the rubber roller is 1.20-1.55 mm; the thickness of the pattern layer is 0.95-1.35 mm;
the firing temperature of the glazed tile is 1250 +/-5 ℃, and the firing time is 50-65 minutes.
2. The glazed tile with the anti-slip effect according to claim 1, wherein the high temperature protrusion powder, the anti-slip glaze powder and the printing paste in the printed glaze are added in the following amounts in parts by weight: 40-60 parts, 40-60 parts and 60-80 parts.
3. A glazed tile with an anti-slip effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific gravity of the printed glaze is 1.61-1.76 and the flow rate is: 20 to 38S.
4. The glazed tile with anti-slip effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pattern on the pattern layer is formed by combining and arranging not less than six patterns with different shapes, and the line diameter of the patterns ranges from PX6 to PX16.
5. The glazed tile with an anti-slip effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein the raw material for preparing the green layer comprises the following components by mass percent: 35-45% of quartz, 20-30% of feldspar, 5-10% of hard clay, 20-30% of plastic clay and 5-10% of nepheline.
6. A method for manufacturing a glazed tile having an anti-slip effect, comprising the glazed tile having an anti-slip effect according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the method comprising the steps of:
step A, treating and processing raw materials to prepare a green body;
b, spreading a cover glaze on the surface of the green body, printing color textures on the surface of the cover glaze, and spreading a protective glaze on the color textures;
c, printing the pattern layer with the anti-slip effect on the green body coated with the protective glaze through a roller to obtain a primary finished glazed tile product;
and D, firing and molding the primary glazed tile product at high temperature.
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