CN114289657A - Crack-sensitive peritectic steel large forging circle and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Crack-sensitive peritectic steel large forging circle and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN114289657A
CN114289657A CN202111524797.1A CN202111524797A CN114289657A CN 114289657 A CN114289657 A CN 114289657A CN 202111524797 A CN202111524797 A CN 202111524797A CN 114289657 A CN114289657 A CN 114289657A
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CN114289657B (en
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杜光远
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Jiangsu Zhuhong Forging Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a large crack sensitive peritectic steel large forging circle and a preparation method thereof, which are characterized in that a seven-step method is adopted to achieve a large steel ingot of 15-30T, the section of the steel ingot is 1300mm plus 1000-; the seven-step method sequentially comprises the process steps of pouring the steel ingot, standing, red demoulding, entering a slow cooling pit, preserving heat, leaving the pit, cleaning the surface of the steel ingot, heating, forging, and performing heat treatment after forging. The preparation method is simple and easy to implement, convenient to operate and control, low in energy consumption, small in equipment dependence and suitable for continuous industrial production; the crack sensitive peritectic steel manufactured by the method has few cracks on the surface of the large forged circle, high yield of black skin and higher economic and social benefits.

Description

Crack-sensitive peritectic steel large forging circle and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of peritectic steel large forged circles, in particular to a crack sensitive peritectic steel large forged circle and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The 16Mn steel belongs to low-alloy structural steel with Q345-grade strength, has good comprehensive mechanical property, good low-temperature property and excellent plasticity and weldability, and is widely applied to manufacturing metal structures and mechanical parts bearing dynamic loads, such as bridges, vehicles, boilers, oil tanks, cranes, power stations, mining machinery, building structures, chemical containers and the like. Along with the expansion of the application field, the performance requirements of the composite material are higher and higher.
The steel grade has the following typical components in mass fraction of 16 Mn: 0.17 percent of C, 0.30 percent of Si, 1.40 percent of Mn, 0.020 percent of P, 0.005 percent of S and 0.03 percent of Al, wherein the residual elements are Cr, Ni and Mo, the steel only contains Mn as an alloy element, about 0.17 percent of C is typical peritectic steel, a steel mill adopts a mode of cooling with a mold pit, and after steel ingots are cooled down, the steel ingots are demolded and sent to a forging mill for heating after surface grinding, namely a process for heating cold steel ingots, when the single weight of the steel ingots is 15-30T, the section of the steel ingots is 1000-1250mm, and during the forging process of the steel ingots, surface cracks are easily generated, mainly transverse cracks and certain cracks are generated, so that the forging round has low yield or is scrapped. In order to solve the problems, the conventional solution is to replace the process of loading a cold steel ingot into a forging heating furnace, change the process into hot delivery of the steel ingot and hot loading into the forging heating furnace, and have remarkable effect of preventing cracks in the forging process. However, the above process route has at least 3 conditions: a chamber type heating furnace is needed so that the red steel ingot can be placed into the furnace to be insulated or heated up most quickly; a chamber furnace is just empty, so that the steel ingot can be fed into the furnace immediately after being sent to the furnace; the materials are required to enter the chamber furnace according to the time specified by the process, the actual production coordination is difficult, and the production efficiency is also reduced.
In the prior art, the problem of cracking of steel ingots with larger 16Mn can be well solved by conveying the steel ingots to a heating furnace of a forging plant. But the problem that the prior art is not solved is that when only a slow cooling pit is provided, a process of loading a cold ingot into a forging heating furnace is still adopted, the weight is 15-30T/count, the section of the steel ingot is 1000-1250mm, and how to prevent the surface cracks of the forging ingot is not solved, and at present, technical schemes are described in domestic and foreign documents.
Therefore, there is still a need in the art to find an effective method for preparing crack sensitive peritectic steel large forged circles with few surface cracks and high black skin yield.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the crack sensitive peritectic steel large forging circle and the preparation method thereof, the preparation method is simple and easy to implement, convenient to operate and control, low in energy consumption, small in equipment dependence and suitable for continuous industrial production; the crack sensitive peritectic steel manufactured by the method has few cracks on the surface of the large forged circle, high yield of black skin and higher economic and social benefits.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a preparation method of a large forging circle of large crack sensitive peritectic steel is characterized in that a seven-step method is adopted to achieve a large steel ingot of 15-30T, the section of the steel ingot is 1300mm plus 1000 mm, surface cracks are avoided during forging, and the diameter of the final forging circle is 730mm plus 500 mm plus; the seven-step method sequentially comprises the process steps of pouring the steel ingot, standing, red demoulding, entering a slow cooling pit, preserving heat, leaving the pit, cleaning the surface of the steel ingot, heating, forging, and performing heat treatment after forging.
Preferably, the standing after the steel ingot casting is finished specifically comprises the following steps: standing for 7-10 hours on the ingot disc after the steel ingot is poured.
Preferably, the step of demoulding the red mould into a slow cooling pit for heat preservation specifically comprises the following steps: and measuring the temperature in the middle of the ingot mold during standing, and when the temperature is 650-550 ℃, changing the temperature from the original mold into a slow cooling pit to a red steel ingot, namely, feeding the red steel ingot into a heat preservation pit.
Preferably, the pit discharging is specifically as follows: the steel ingot is placed in the slow cooling pit for 96-120 hours, the surface temperature of the steel ingot is measured to be less than or equal to 200 ℃, and the steel ingot can be taken out of the pit and cooled in air.
Preferably, the steel ingot surface cleaning specifically comprises: cooling the surface of the steel ingot to be less than or equal to 80 ℃, then inspecting the surface, grinding by using a grinding wheel machine, removing the surface defects according to the process specification, cleaning the end of the riser by using flame, and sending the cold ingot to an external forging plant.
Preferably, the heating is specifically: and heating the steel ingot to 650-800 ℃, preserving heat for 2-5 hours, then heating to 850-900 ℃, preserving heat for 1.0-3.0 hours, then heating to 1200-1250 ℃, and preserving heat for 3.5-7.0 hours.
Preferably, the forging is specifically: the forging starting temperature is 1200-1250 ℃, the square is firstly pulled out, the round is pressed, the round is then thrown, the total forging ratio is 3.5-5, the finish forging temperature is 730-820 ℃, the oxide skin is timely cleaned in the forging process, and the surface defects are reduced; and air-cooling to 500-560 ℃ of the surface after forging, and immediately entering a heat preservation pit.
Preferably, the post-forging heat treatment includes a tempering treatment and an annealing treatment; the tempering temperature is 640-700 ℃, and the annealing time is 1-2 hours; the annealing temperature of the annealing treatment is 500-600 ℃, and the annealing time is 0.7-2.0 hours.
The invention also aims to provide the large forging circle of the large crack sensitive peritectic steel prepared by the preparation method of the large crack sensitive peritectic steel.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention will be made.
A preparation method of a large forging circle of large crack sensitive peritectic steel is characterized in that a seven-step method is adopted to achieve a large steel ingot of 15-30T, the section of the steel ingot is 1300mm plus 1000 mm, surface cracks are avoided during forging, and the diameter of the final forging circle is 730mm plus 500 mm plus; the seven-step method sequentially comprises the process steps of pouring the steel ingot, standing, red demoulding, entering a slow cooling pit, preserving heat, leaving the pit, cleaning the surface of the steel ingot, heating, forging, and performing heat treatment after forging.
Preferably, the standing after the steel ingot casting is finished specifically comprises the following steps: standing for 7-10 hours on the ingot disc after the steel ingot is poured.
Preferably, the step of demoulding the red mould into a slow cooling pit for heat preservation specifically comprises the following steps: and measuring the temperature in the middle of the ingot mold during standing, and when the temperature is 650-550 ℃, changing the temperature from the original mold into a slow cooling pit to a red steel ingot, namely, feeding the red steel ingot into a heat preservation pit.
Preferably, the pit discharging is specifically as follows: the steel ingot is placed in the slow cooling pit for 96-120 hours, the surface temperature of the steel ingot is measured to be less than or equal to 200 ℃, and the steel ingot can be taken out of the pit and cooled in air.
Preferably, the steel ingot surface cleaning specifically comprises: cooling the surface of the steel ingot to be less than or equal to 80 ℃, then inspecting the surface, grinding by using a grinding wheel machine, removing the surface defects according to the process specification, cleaning the end of the riser by using flame, and sending the cold ingot to an external forging plant.
Preferably, the heating is specifically: and heating the steel ingot to 650-800 ℃, preserving heat for 2-5 hours, then heating to 850-900 ℃, preserving heat for 1.0-3.0 hours, then heating to 1200-1250 ℃, and preserving heat for 3.5-7.0 hours.
Preferably, the forging is specifically: the forging starting temperature is 1200-1250 ℃, the square is firstly pulled out, the round is pressed, the round is then thrown, the total forging ratio is 3.5-5, the finish forging temperature is 730-820 ℃, the oxide skin is timely cleaned in the forging process, and the surface defects are reduced; and air-cooling to 500-560 ℃ of the surface after forging, and immediately entering a heat preservation pit.
Preferably, the post-forging heat treatment includes a tempering treatment and an annealing treatment; the tempering temperature is 640-700 ℃, and the annealing time is 1-2 hours; the annealing temperature of the annealing treatment is 500-600 ℃, and the annealing time is 0.7-2.0 hours.
The invention also aims to provide the large forging circle of the large crack sensitive peritectic steel prepared by the preparation method of the large crack sensitive peritectic steel.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the invention provides a crack sensitive peritectic steel large forging circle and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method is simple and easy to implement, convenient to operate and control, low in energy consumption, small in equipment dependence and suitable for continuous industrial production; the crack sensitive peritectic steel manufactured by the method has few cracks on the surface of the large forged circle, high yield of black skin and higher economic and social benefits. By adopting the method disclosed by the invention, surface cracks (transverse cracks and chaps) can be effectively prevented from being generated in the forging process for the forged round steel with a forged circular section (the diameter is 500-900 mm) of a 15-30T 16Mn steel ingot, the yield of the black skin can reach more than 83 percent and is higher than that of a cold ingot with a die pit by more than 10 percent (the surface cracks are cut too much due to forging in the traditional cold ingot with the die pit), and the economic benefit is obvious.
The invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, but the scope of protection of the invention is not limited thereto:
example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a large forging circle of large crack sensitive peritectic steel, which is characterized in that a seven-step method is adopted to achieve a large steel ingot of 15-30T, the section of the steel ingot is 1300mm plus 1000 mm, surface cracks are avoided during forging, and the diameter of the final forging circle is 730mm plus 500 mm plus; the seven-step method sequentially comprises the process steps of pouring the steel ingot, standing, red demoulding, entering a slow cooling pit, preserving heat, leaving the pit, cleaning the surface of the steel ingot, heating, forging, and performing heat treatment after forging.
Preferably, the standing after the steel ingot casting is finished specifically comprises the following steps: and standing for 8 hours on the ingot disc after the steel ingot is poured.
Preferably, the step of demoulding the red mould into a slow cooling pit for heat preservation specifically comprises the following steps: and measuring the temperature of the middle part of the ingot mold during standing, and when the temperature is 600 ℃, changing the original mold into a slow cooling pit, taking out the ingot from the ingot, namely, feeding the ingot into a heat preservation pit.
The pit discharging specifically comprises the following steps: the steel ingot is placed in the slow cooling pit for 110 hours, the surface temperature of the steel ingot measured in the period is less than or equal to 200 ℃, and the steel ingot can be taken out of the pit and cooled in air.
The steel ingot surface cleaning method specifically comprises the following steps: cooling the surface of the steel ingot to be less than or equal to 80 ℃, then inspecting the surface, grinding by using a grinding wheel machine, removing the surface defects according to the process specification, cleaning the end of the riser by using flame, and sending the cold ingot to an external forging plant.
The heating is specifically as follows: heating the steel ingot to 720 ℃, preserving heat for 3.5 hours, then heating to 870 ℃, preserving heat for 2.0 hours, then heating to 1230 ℃, and preserving heat for 5.5 hours.
The forging is specifically as follows: the forging starting temperature is 1230 ℃, square drawing is firstly carried out, then rounding is carried out, the total forging ratio is 4.2, the finish forging temperature is 790 ℃, oxide skins are timely cleaned in the forging process, and surface defects are reduced; after forging, air cooling to 500 deg.C, and immediately entering into heat-insulating pit.
The post-forging heat treatment comprises tempering treatment and annealing treatment; the tempering temperature is 640 ℃, and the annealing time is 1 hour; the annealing temperature of the annealing treatment is 500 ℃, and the annealing time is 0.7 hour.
The large crack sensitive peritectic steel large forging circle is prepared by the preparation method of the large crack sensitive peritectic steel large forging circle.
Through tests, the black skin yield of the method is 83%.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a large forged round of large crack sensitive peritectic steel and a preparation method thereof, which are basically the same as those in embodiment 1, except that the heating specifically comprises the following steps: heating the steel ingot to 680 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, then heating to 870 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5 hours, then heating to 1220 ℃, and preserving heat for 4.5 hours; the forging is specifically as follows: the forging starting temperature is 1220 ℃, square drawing is firstly carried out, then rounding is carried out, the total forging ratio is 4, the finish forging temperature is 760 ℃, oxide skins are timely cleaned in the forging process, and surface defects are reduced; air cooling to 520 ℃ on the surface after forging, and immediately entering a heat preservation pit; the post-forging heat treatment comprises tempering treatment and annealing treatment; the tempering temperature is 660 ℃, and the annealing time is 1.2 hours; the annealing temperature of the annealing treatment is 530 ℃, and the annealing time is 1.0 hour.
According to the test, the black skin yield of the method is 87%.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a large forged round of large crack sensitive peritectic steel and a preparation method thereof, which are basically the same as those in embodiment 1, except that the heating specifically comprises the following steps: heating the steel ingot to 720 ℃, preserving heat for 3.5 hours, then heating to 880 ℃, preserving heat for 2.2 hours, then heating to 1240 ℃, and preserving heat for 5.5 hours; the forging is specifically as follows: the forging starting temperature is 1240 ℃, square drawing is firstly carried out, then, rounding is carried out, the total forging ratio is 4.4, the finish forging temperature is 790 ℃, oxide skin is timely cleaned in the forging process, and surface defects are reduced; after forging, air cooling to the surface of 550 ℃, and immediately entering a heat preservation pit; the post-forging heat treatment comprises tempering treatment and annealing treatment; the tempering temperature is 680 ℃, and the annealing time is 1.6 hours; the annealing temperature of the annealing treatment is 550 ℃, and the annealing time is 1.5 hours.
Through tests, the black skin yield of the method is 89%.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a large forged round of large crack sensitive peritectic steel and a preparation method thereof, which are basically the same as those in embodiment 1, except that the heating specifically comprises the following steps: heating the steel ingot to 780 ℃, preserving heat for 4.5 hours, then heating to 890 ℃, preserving heat for 2.5 hours, then heating to 1240 ℃, and preserving heat for 6.5 hours; the forging is specifically as follows: the forging starting temperature is 1240 ℃, square drawing is firstly carried out, then, rounding is carried out, the total forging ratio is 4.8, the finish forging temperature is 810 ℃, oxide skin is timely cleaned in the forging process, and surface defects are reduced; after forging, air cooling to the surface of 550 ℃, and immediately entering a heat preservation pit; the post-forging heat treatment comprises tempering treatment and annealing treatment; the tempering temperature is 690 ℃, and the annealing time is 1.9 hours; the annealing temperature of the annealing treatment is 590 ℃, and the annealing time is 1.8 hours.
Through tests, the black skin yield of the method is 92%.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a large forged round of large crack sensitive peritectic steel and a preparation method thereof, which are basically the same as those in embodiment 1, except that the heating specifically comprises the following steps: heating the steel ingot to 800 ℃, preserving heat for 5 hours, then heating to 900 ℃, preserving heat for 3.0 hours, then heating to 1250 ℃, and preserving heat for 7.0 hours; the forging is specifically as follows: the forging starting temperature is 1250 ℃, the square is firstly pulled out, the circle is pressed again, the circle is then thrown, the total forging ratio is 5, the finish forging temperature is 820 ℃, and oxide skin is timely cleaned in the forging process, so that the surface defects are reduced; after forging, air cooling to the surface of 560 ℃, and immediately entering a heat preservation pit; the post-forging heat treatment comprises tempering treatment and annealing treatment; the tempering temperature is 700 ℃, and the annealing time is 2 hours; the annealing temperature of the annealing treatment is 600 ℃, and the annealing time is 2.0 hours.
Through tests, the black skin yield of the method is 93%.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered by the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A preparation method of a large forging circle of large crack sensitive peritectic steel is characterized in that a seven-step method is adopted to achieve a large steel ingot of 15-30T, the section of the steel ingot is 1300mm plus 1000 mm, surface cracks are avoided during forging, and the diameter of the final forging circle is 730mm plus 500 mm plus; the seven-step method sequentially comprises the process steps of pouring the steel ingot, standing, red demoulding, entering a slow cooling pit, preserving heat, leaving the pit, cleaning the surface of the steel ingot, heating, forging, and performing heat treatment after forging.
2. The preparation method of the large forged circle of large crack sensitive peritectic steel according to claim 1, wherein the standing after the steel ingot casting is completed specifically comprises the following steps: standing for 7-10 hours on the ingot disc after the steel ingot is poured.
3. The preparation method of the large forged round of large crack sensitive peritectic steel according to claim 1, wherein the red demoulding, the slow cooling pit entry and the heat preservation are specifically as follows: and measuring the temperature in the middle of the ingot mold during standing, and when the temperature is 650-550 ℃, changing the temperature from the original mold into a slow cooling pit to a red steel ingot, namely, feeding the red steel ingot into a heat preservation pit.
4. The preparation method of the large forged round of large crack sensitive peritectic steel according to claim 1, wherein the pit is specifically: the steel ingot is placed in the slow cooling pit for 96-120 hours, the surface temperature of the steel ingot is measured to be less than or equal to 200 ℃, and the steel ingot can be taken out of the pit and cooled in air.
5. The preparation method of the large forging circle of the large crack sensitive peritectic steel according to claim 1, wherein the steel ingot surface cleaning specifically comprises the following steps: cooling the surface of the steel ingot to be less than or equal to 80 ℃, then inspecting the surface, grinding by using a grinding wheel machine, removing the surface defects according to the process specification, cleaning the end of the riser by using flame, and sending the cold ingot to an external forging plant.
6. The method for preparing the large forged circle of the large crack sensitive peritectic steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heating is specifically: and heating the steel ingot to 650-800 ℃, preserving heat for 2-5 hours, then heating to 850-900 ℃, preserving heat for 1.0-3.0 hours, then heating to 1200-1250 ℃, and preserving heat for 3.5-7.0 hours.
7. The preparation method of the large forging circle of the large crack sensitive peritectic steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the forging is specifically as follows: the forging starting temperature is 1200-1250 ℃, the square is firstly pulled out, the round is pressed, the round is then thrown, the total forging ratio is 3.5-5, the finish forging temperature is 730-820 ℃, the oxide skin is timely cleaned in the forging process, and the surface defects are reduced; and air-cooling to 500-560 ℃ of the surface after forging, and immediately entering a heat preservation pit.
8. The method for preparing the large forging circle of the large crack sensitive peritectic steel according to claim 1, wherein the post-forging heat treatment comprises tempering treatment and annealing treatment; the tempering temperature is 640-700 ℃, and the annealing time is 1-2 hours; the annealing temperature of the annealing treatment is 500-600 ℃, and the annealing time is 0.7-2.0 hours.
9. The large crack sensitive peritectic steel forged round prepared by the preparation method of the large crack sensitive peritectic steel forged round according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
CN202111524797.1A 2021-12-14 2021-12-14 Crack sensitive peritectic steel large forging circle and preparation method thereof Active CN114289657B (en)

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CN102443706A (en) * 2011-12-09 2012-05-09 攀钢集团成都钢钒有限公司 Control method for surface cracks of P91 electroslag steel
CN104070145A (en) * 2014-06-19 2014-10-01 中国科学院金属研究所 Manufacturing tooling and efficient production method of large height-diameter ratio circular casting billet
CN104399854A (en) * 2014-11-04 2015-03-11 西宁特殊钢股份有限公司 Forging method for improving lateral impact performance of steel material
CN108994230A (en) * 2018-07-16 2018-12-14 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院有限公司 Method for manufacturing and its forging for 16Mn alloy structure steel forgings
CN109182676A (en) * 2018-11-21 2019-01-11 东北大学无锡研究院 A kind of preparation method of low-temperature impact-resistant carbon manganese steel S355J2G3 forging circle
CN111570688A (en) * 2020-04-21 2020-08-25 洛阳双瑞特种装备有限公司 Forming method for preventing duplex stainless steel end face from forging cracks
KR20210049543A (en) * 2019-10-25 2021-05-06 박혜미 A hot forging method of stainless steel casting having ferrite-austenite dual phase

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102443706A (en) * 2011-12-09 2012-05-09 攀钢集团成都钢钒有限公司 Control method for surface cracks of P91 electroslag steel
CN104070145A (en) * 2014-06-19 2014-10-01 中国科学院金属研究所 Manufacturing tooling and efficient production method of large height-diameter ratio circular casting billet
CN104399854A (en) * 2014-11-04 2015-03-11 西宁特殊钢股份有限公司 Forging method for improving lateral impact performance of steel material
CN108994230A (en) * 2018-07-16 2018-12-14 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院有限公司 Method for manufacturing and its forging for 16Mn alloy structure steel forgings
CN109182676A (en) * 2018-11-21 2019-01-11 东北大学无锡研究院 A kind of preparation method of low-temperature impact-resistant carbon manganese steel S355J2G3 forging circle
KR20210049543A (en) * 2019-10-25 2021-05-06 박혜미 A hot forging method of stainless steel casting having ferrite-austenite dual phase
CN111570688A (en) * 2020-04-21 2020-08-25 洛阳双瑞特种装备有限公司 Forming method for preventing duplex stainless steel end face from forging cracks

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