CN114287518A - Probiotic-containing licking brick for cattle and sheep and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Probiotic-containing licking brick for cattle and sheep and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN114287518A
CN114287518A CN202111608821.XA CN202111608821A CN114287518A CN 114287518 A CN114287518 A CN 114287518A CN 202111608821 A CN202111608821 A CN 202111608821A CN 114287518 A CN114287518 A CN 114287518A
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parts
cattle
sheep
brick
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CN114287518B (en
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贠婷婷
曾得寿
马森
陈金存
常明浩
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Zhengzhou Yunyi Biotechnology Co ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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Abstract

The invention discloses a probiotic-containing licking brick for cattle and sheep, and belongs to the technical field of licking bricks for cattle and sheep. The licking brick for cattle and sheep comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of probiotic powder, 1-3 parts of mineral powder, 8-10 parts of salt powder, 20-30 parts of molasses, 30-50 parts of bran, 0.5-2 parts of anti-mildew agent and 5-10 parts of coagulant. The utility model provides a block is licked to cattle and sheep contains a large amount of probiotic powder, mineral substance powder, salt powder and molasses, and cattle and sheep lick can effectively supply required nutrition after eating, supplementary cattle and sheep digestion to be difficult for mildening and rot when being licked for a long time or exposing in the air, also be difficult for disintegrating because of the damping, effectively improve the utilization ratio of licking the block.

Description

Probiotic-containing licking brick for cattle and sheep and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feeds, in particular to a method for preparing a biological feed by utilizing wheat processing byproducts.
Background
At present, licking bricks are commonly used at home and abroad to add required nutrient substances to calves. Various inorganic salts, vitamins and other nutrient substances are mixed according to a certain proportion and then are solidified and molded, the mixture is generally called as a lick brick in China because the shape of the lick brick is similar to a brick, and then the lick brick is placed in a colony house for cattle and sheep to lick, so that the requirements of the cattle and sheep on the inorganic salts, the vitamins and other nutrient substances are met.
However, because the existing licking brick product contains feed materials such as bran and the like, the bran is easy to absorb moisture, and in the actual use process of the licking brick, on one hand, the licking brick is adhered with a large amount of saliva to be wetted by licking of cattle and sheep, and on the other hand, the licking brick exposed outdoors is also easy to be wetted by rainfall or absorb moisture in the air to be wetted.
After the licking brick is wetted and damped, aflatoxin B is easily generated1(AFB1) further developed mold. Aflatoxins are highly toxic substances, have high toxicity to livestock and humans, and are mainly manifested by vomiting, anorexia and fever, and others manifested by impaired growth and development of animals, weight loss, decreased food utilization, infertility or reduced farrowing in female animals. The existing method for solving the problem that the licking brick is easy to mildew is to add sorbic acid, sodium benzoate, dimethyl fumarate and other traditional chemical mildew inhibitors, and is not beneficial to the physical health of livestock. The biodegradation method is to degrade aflatoxin-containing articles by using bacteria capable of degrading aflatoxin, and many domestic and foreign researches report lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, flavobacterium aurantium, bacillus subtilis, and the like,Rhodococcus, Pseudoshoestring fungus, Rhizopus and stenotrophomonas maltophilia, etc., and especially various domestic journal literatures indicate that stenotrophomonas maltophilia capable of partially degrading aflatoxin has been separated in the prior art.
And the wetted licking brick is easy to break and disintegrate, so that the licking brick cannot be continuously licked, the utilization rate of the licking brick is reduced, and waste is caused. In the prior art, the pressure during pressing the licking brick is increased by a mode of improving the disintegration resistance of the licking brick, but the hardness of the licking brick is increased by larger pressure, the palatability is weakened, and the licking brick is not beneficial to the licking of cattle and sheep.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the application aims to provide the licking brick which contains high nutritional ingredients and is not easy to mildew or disintegrate after long-term licking or wetting by cattle and sheep.
On the one hand, the application provides a cattle and sheep licking brick containing probiotics, and the cattle and sheep licking brick comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of probiotic powder, 1-3 parts of mineral powder, 8-10 parts of salt powder, 20-30 parts of molasses, 30-50 parts of bran, 0.5-2 parts of anti-mildew agent and 5-10 parts of coagulant.
Further, the anti-mildew agent is prepared by adopting the following method: taking the wheat processing by-product as a substrate, adding aflatoxin degradation bacteria for fermentation, and taking the obtained fermentation liquor as the anti-mildew agent.
Further, the wheat by-product comprises the following components in a mixing mass ratio of (0.9-1.2): (1.5-2) concentrated wheat starch wastewater and wheat bran.
Preferably, the concentrated wheat starch wastewater is prepared by concentrating the wheat starch wastewater to a final concentration of 25-28%.
Further, the aflatoxin-degrading bacteria include Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia).
Preferably, the stenotrophomonas maltophilia is added in the form of a stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacterial liquid, and the bacterial activity number in the stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacterial liquid is (2-3) × 105CFU/g; the fermentation conditions were: inoculating the fermentation substrate with the inoculumAdding 1.0% tryptone and 0.5% MgCl into stenotrophomonas maltophilia liquid with the mass of 2% -5% of the fermentation substrate2Controlling the initial pH value to be 7.5, controlling the temperature to be 35-37 ℃, and controlling the fermentation time to be 10-15 h.
Preferably, stenotrophomonas maltophilia is selected from one or more of the strains ATCC13636, ATCC13637, ATCC17806, ATCC17807 and ATCC17808, preferably strain ATCC 13636.
Further, the probiotic powder is selected from one or more of lactic acid bacteria powder, bacillus powder and yeast powder; the mineral powder is selected from one or more of ferrous sulfate, calcium carbonate, zinc sulfate and potassium iodide; the coagulating agent is selected from one or more of montmorillonite, cement, agar and pectin.
Further, the number of viable bacteria in the lactic acid bacteria powder is 1 multiplied by 108～1×1010CFU/g, the lactic acid bacteria powder also comprises viable bacteria with the number of 1 multiplied by 104～1×105CFU/g bifidobacterium powder, wherein the number of live bacteria in the bacillus powder is 1 multiplied by 108～1×1010CFU/g, the number of viable bacteria in the yeast powder is 1 multiplied by 105～1×106CFU/g。
Further, the grain diameter of the bran is 80-100 meshes.
Further, the licking brick for cattle and sheep comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of lactobacillus powder, 2 parts of bacillus powder, 3 parts of bifidobacterium powder, 4 parts of yeast powder, 0.5 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.2 part of calcium carbonate, 0.3 part of zinc sulfate, 1 part of potassium iodide, 10 parts of salt powder, 25 parts of molasses, 40 parts of bran, 1 part of anti-mildew agent, 1 part of montmorillonite, 0.5 part of cement and 6.5 parts of pectin.
On the other hand, the application also provides a preparation method of the probiotic-containing licking brick for cattle and sheep, which comprises the following steps:
step one, spraying an anti-mildew agent on bran, uniformly mixing, standing, air-drying, and performing high-temperature sterilization treatment to obtain anti-mildew bran;
step two, adding water to probiotic powder, mineral powder, salt powder and part of coagulator, uniformly mixing, and granulating to obtain lick brick powder;
and step three, adding water into the anti-mildew bran, the licking brick powder, the molasses and the rest of the coagulant, uniformly mixing, pressing into a licking brick, and drying at 35-40 ℃.
Further, the pressure intensity of pressing the licking brick is 15-30 MPa.
The beneficial effect of this application lies in:
1. the utility model provides a cattle and sheep licks brick contains a large amount of probiotic powder, mineral substance powder, salt powder and molasses, and cattle and sheep licks and can effectively supply required nutrition after eating, supplementary cattle and sheep digestion.
2. The utility model provides a cattle and sheep licks brick uses aflatoxin degradation fungus fermentation wheat bran and the mixed substrate of wheat starch waste water, and the use dosage is safe nontoxic, can obtain anti mouldy bran behind the zymotic fluid obtained is used for the bran, and then can obtain the lick brick that is difficult for weing and mildenes and rot, reaches and prevent the effect of mildening and rot when being licked for a long time or exposing in the air.
3. The utility model provides a cattle and sheep licks brick uses the condition of anti-mildew bran, and the coagulant of the specific type of reuse and quantity is adulterated for the brick that finally obtains is licked and is difficult for disintegrating because of the weing, effectively improves the utilization ratio of licking the brick.
Detailed Description
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth by way of examples in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without one or more of these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in order to avoid obscuring the invention.
Unless otherwise specified, the biological agents such as bacteria used in the present application are commercially available.
Wherein the viable bacteria number in the lactic acid bacteria powder is 1 × 1010CFU/g, the viable bacteria number in the lactic acid bacteria powder is 1 × 104CFU/g of bifidobacterium powder,the number of viable bacteria in the bacillus powder is 1 × 107CFU/g, viable count in yeast powder is 1 × 105CFU/g, the above fungal powders were all purchased commercially.
Unless otherwise specified, the aflatoxin-degrading bacteria in the following examples were commercially available from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (specifically, ATCC13636, ATCC13637, ATCC17806, ATCC17807 and ATCC 17808) in which the number of viable bacteria was 1X 104CFU/g。
Unless otherwise specified, the experimental devices mentioned in the following examples are all conventional commercially available equipment, and the experimental methods are all known in the art.
The specific implementation mode of the application firstly screens the aflatoxin degradation capability of five numbered strains, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
preparing fermentation liquor: inoculating a bacterial solution of stenotrophomonas maltophilia in an amount of 3% based on the mass of fructose, using 1% of fructose as a substrate, and adding 1.0% of tryptone and 0.5% of MgCl2Controlling the initial pH to be 7.5, the liquid loading amount to be 25mL/300mL triangular flask, the rotating speed of a shaker to be 140r/min, the temperature to be 35 ℃, and the fermentation time to be 12h to obtain the fermentation liquid.
Preparation of the mildew feed: the feed purchased from the feed veterinary drug market is put into a constant temperature and humidity incubator and cultured for 10 days under the conditions of 28 ℃ and 90 percent relative humidity for later use.
Degrading and culturing the toxin of the mildew feed: crushing a mildew feed sample, sieving with a 20-mesh sieve, weighing 80g, taking four 250mL conical bottles with stoppers, adding 20g of corn sample into each bottle, adding 50mL of fermentation liquor, taking 50mL of deionized water as a negative control, mixing uniformly, and degrading at 37 ℃ for 72 h. Each treatment was performed in 3 replicates.
Extracting the aflatoxin of the feed sample by referring to a GB/T5009.22 method, and calculating the degradation rate AFB1 (%) (the aflatoxin content in the sample before degradation-the aflatoxin residual amount in the sample after degradation)/the aflatoxin content in the sample before degradation is multiplied by 100%. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003434571790000051
As is clear from the results in Table 1, the stenotrophomonas maltophilia of strain No. ATCC13636, which is exemplified in the following examples, has the best ability to degrade aflatoxin.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a cattle and sheep licking brick, by mass, includes:
5 parts of lactobacillus powder, 2 parts of bacillus powder, 3 parts of bifidobacterium powder, 4 parts of yeast powder, 0.5 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.2 part of calcium carbonate, 0.3 part of zinc sulfate, 1 part of potassium iodide, 10 parts of salt powder, 25 parts of molasses, 40 parts of bran, 1 part of anti-mildew agent and 8 parts of coagulant.
The preparation method of the licking brick for cattle and sheep comprises the following steps:
crushing bran to 100 meshes, uniformly spraying an anti-mildew agent, uniformly mixing, dispersing, flatly paving, standing, naturally air-drying, and performing high-temperature sterilization treatment to obtain anti-mildew bran;
the preparation method of the anti-mildew agent comprises the following steps: inoculating a culture of stenotrophomonas maltophilia ATCC13636 in an amount of 3% based on the mass of fructose with 1% of fructose as a substrate, and adding 1.0% of tryptone and 0.5% of MgCl2Controlling the initial pH to be 7.5, the liquid loading amount to be 25mL/300mL triangular flask, the rotating speed of a shaker to be 140r/min, the temperature to be 35 ℃, and the fermentation time to be 12h to obtain fermentation liquid, namely the anti-mildew agent;
step two, uniformly mixing lactic acid bacteria powder, bacillus powder, bifidobacterium powder, yeast powder, ferrous sulfate, calcium carbonate, zinc sulfate, potassium iodide, salt powder and the first part of coagulant, adding water accounting for 5% of the mass of the mixture in the step, uniformly mixing, and granulating to obtain lick brick powder;
and step three, uniformly mixing the anti-mildew bran, the licking brick powder, the molasses and the second part of coagulant, adding water accounting for 3% of the mass of the mixture in the step, uniformly mixing, pressing under the pressure of 20MPa to prepare a licking brick, and drying at 35-40 ℃ to prepare the licking brick with the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the height multiplied by 25(cm) and the mass of 1000 g.
Examples 2 to 15
Examples 2 to 15 were prepared in substantially the same manner as example 1, except that:
in the preparation method of the anti-mildew agent of the embodiment 2-4, fermentation substrates are different, specifically, the substrates used in the embodiment 2-4 are glucose, starch, and a wheat starch concentrated solution and wheat bran with a mass ratio of 1:1 respectively;
in the preparation method of the anti-mildew agent of embodiment 5-7, the substrate adopts a wheat starch concentrated solution and wheat bran in the mass ratio of 1:1.5, 1:2 and 1:3, respectively;
in the preparation method of the anti-mildew agent of embodiments 8 to 11, the substrate is wheat bran and wheat starch concentrated solution in a mass ratio of 1:2, and the anti-mildew agent is 3 parts, 7 parts, 9 parts and 11 parts by mass, respectively.
Examples 12 to 14
The kind and parts by mass of the coagulants in examples 12 to 14 are different from those in example 1, and are specifically shown in tables 1 and 2.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a lick block having substantially the same composition and preparation method as example 1, except that common bran to which no anti-mildew agent is added is used.
The lick blocks obtained in the above examples and comparative examples were subjected to the mildew and anti-disintegration tests in different environments, respectively. Wherein, the test environment is respectively: and (3) licking the environment, smearing 2% of cattle and sheep saliva on the licking brick every day, continuously smearing for 30 days, and storing conditions: the temperature is 25 ℃, and the relative humidity of air is 60 percent; and (3) an environment which is easy to mildew and damp: sealed in dark place without ventilation, the temperature is controlled at 25 ℃, the relative humidity of air is controlled at 70 percent, and the mixture is stored for 30 days.
And (4) performing mildew and disintegration collapse tests on the licking brick subjected to the test environment. The mildew test experiment is embodied by testing the amount of aflatoxin AFB1, and the test method comprises the following steps: extracting aflatoxin by referring to a GB/T5009.22 method, crushing licking blocks, testing the generation amount of aflatoxin AFB1 in 1 licking block, continuously measuring for 5 times, and taking an average value, wherein two bits after the decimal point are reserved. The method for the collapse test comprises the following steps: observation statistics at day two, less than 20% of the remaining amount of licking bricks appeared.
The results are shown in tables 2 and 3.
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0003434571790000071
Figure BDA0003434571790000081
TABLE 3
Figure BDA0003434571790000082
Figure BDA0003434571790000091
As can be seen from the data in tables 2 and 3, the bran treated by the anti-mildew agent has a remarkably improved anti-mildew effect after being made into the licking brick, but under the same coagulant, the anti-disintegration collapse performance of the licking brick is reduced by using the anti-mildew bran, the anti-disintegration collapse effect of the licking brick can be effectively improved by adjusting the composition and the mass part of the coagulant, and a broad prospect is provided for the application of the licking brick containing probiotics for cattle and sheep.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. The probiotic-containing licking brick for cattle and sheep is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of probiotic powder, 1-3 parts of mineral powder, 8-10 parts of salt powder, 20-30 parts of molasses, 30-50 parts of bran, 0.5-2 parts of anti-mildew agent and 5-10 parts of coagulant.
2. The probiotic-containing lick brick for cattle and sheep as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the anti-mildew agent is prepared by the following method: taking the wheat processing by-product as a substrate, adding aflatoxin degradation bacteria for fermentation, and taking the obtained fermentation liquor as the anti-mildew agent.
3. The probiotic-containing licking brick for cattle and sheep as claimed in claim 2, wherein the wheat by-product comprises the following components in a mixing mass ratio of (0.9-1.2): (1.5-2) concentrated wheat starch wastewater and wheat bran.
4. The probiotic-containing lick brick for cattle and sheep as claimed in claim 3, wherein the aflatoxin-degrading bacteria comprise Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.
5. The lick brick containing probiotics for cattle and sheep according to claim 1, wherein the probiotics powder is selected from one or more of lactobacillus powder, bacillus powder and yeast powder; the mineral powder is selected from one or more of ferrous sulfate, calcium carbonate, zinc sulfate and potassium iodide; the coagulating agent is selected from one or more of montmorillonite, cement and pectin.
6. The lick brick containing probiotics for cattle and sheep according to claim 1, wherein the number of viable bacteria in the lactic acid bacteria powder is 1 x 108～1×1010CFU/g, the lactic acid bacteria powder also comprises viable bacteria with the number of 1 multiplied by 104～1×105CFU/g bifidobacterium powder, wherein the number of live bacteria in the bacillus powder is 1 multiplied by 108～1×1010CFU/g, the number of viable bacteria in the yeast powder is 1 multiplied by 105～1×106CFU/g。
7. The probiotic-containing licking brick for cattle and sheep as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bran has a particle size of 80-100 meshes.
8. The probiotic-containing lick brick for cattle and sheep according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of lactobacillus powder, 2 parts of bacillus powder, 3 parts of bifidobacterium powder, 4 parts of yeast powder, 0.5 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.2 part of calcium carbonate, 0.3 part of zinc sulfate, 1 part of potassium iodide, 10 parts of salt powder, 25 parts of molasses, 40 parts of bran, 1 part of anti-mildew agent, 1 part of montmorillonite, 0.5 part of cement and 6.5 parts of pectin.
9. A method for preparing the licking brick containing probiotics for cattle and sheep according to any one of claims 1 to 8, which comprises the following steps:
step one, spraying an anti-mildew agent on bran, uniformly mixing, standing, air-drying, and performing high-temperature sterilization treatment to obtain anti-mildew bran;
step two, adding water to probiotic powder, mineral powder, salt powder and part of coagulator, uniformly mixing, and granulating to obtain lick brick powder;
and step three, adding water into the anti-mildew bran, the licking brick powder, the molasses and the rest of the coagulant, uniformly mixing, pressing into a licking brick, and drying at 35-40 ℃.
10. The preparation method according to claim 9, wherein the pressure for pressing into the lick block is 15-30 MPa.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103283995A (en) * 2013-05-04 2013-09-11 云南省草地动物科学研究院 Nutrition block specially used for yak and preparation method thereof
CN104000052A (en) * 2014-05-14 2014-08-27 四川农业大学 Ruminant methane emission reduction lapping brick
CN106615615A (en) * 2016-12-22 2017-05-10 简雪梅 Mixed microbial fermented feed and production method thereof
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Title
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