CN114280423B - 10kV single-phase grounding fault simulation device - Google Patents
10kV single-phase grounding fault simulation device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a 10kV single-phase grounding fault simulation device, which structurally comprises a phase control switch cabinet, a high-power resistor cabinet and an arc light simulation device cabinet; the wire outlet end of the phase control switch cabinet is connected with the wire inlet end of the high-power resistor cabinet, and the wire outlet end of the high-power resistor cabinet is connected with the wire inlet end of the arc light simulation device cabinet. The invention supports various system grounding modes, including a neutral point non-grounding system, a neutral point grounding system through an arc suppression coil, and a neutral point grounding system through a small resistance; the invention has various simulation fault types and can realize simulation of various fault scenes such as single-phase transition resistor grounding, stable arc grounding, intermittent arc grounding, broken wire grounding, resistor-arc grounding and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a 10kV single-phase earth fault simulation device, and belongs to the technical field of power distribution network fault detection.
Background
Problems such as grounding arc, arc grounding overvoltage and step voltage caused by single-phase grounding faults of the power distribution network easily cause electric fire, short circuit faults and personal safety accidents; in recent years, in order to solve the problem of single-phase earth fault of a power distribution network, a large number of novel earth fault processing technologies and devices are developed at home and abroad, but the application effect on the site is not ideal; the main reason is that the ground fault characteristics of the distribution network are extremely complex and are easily influenced by system conditions and fault media, the actual fault characteristics of the field are difficult to simulate by adopting the traditional digital simulation test or the moving die test, the actual performance of tested equipment or technology under the field conditions is difficult to reflect, and in order to improve the efficiency of research and development and detection work, a test device capable of highly restoring the ground fault scene and the characteristics of the field is required to be provided.
In 2019, in the state network equipment department (notification about the rapid handling work of single-phase ground fault of reinforced metropolitan distribution cable network) (equipment distribution (2019) 64 text), the ground fault line selection tripping device is explicitly required to be verified through a true test; the current 10kV power distribution network fault simulation device in the market has limited fault transition resistance gear, can not realize flexible adjustment of fault transition resistance, can not simulate 1000 omega and above high-resistance ground faults, and is limited by power, and can not support larger system capacity flow, such as a small-resistance ground system; meanwhile, the traditional fault simulation device has the limitations that the fault initial phase angle is uncontrollable, the intermittent arc grounding fault simulation scene is limited, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a 10kV single-phase grounding fault simulation device, and aims to solve the problem that the scene and the characteristic of a single-phase grounding fault cannot be simulated in the prior art.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: the 10kV single-phase grounding fault simulation device structurally comprises a phase control switch cabinet, a high-power resistor cabinet and an arc light simulation device cabinet; the wire outlet end of the phase control switch cabinet is connected with the wire inlet end of the high-power resistor cabinet, and the wire outlet end of the high-power resistor cabinet is connected with the wire inlet end of the arc light simulation device cabinet.
Further, the phase control switch cabinet comprises an incoming line wall bushing 1, a current transformer 2, a three-phase five-column voltage transformer 3, a phase control switch 4, a switch 5, a closing angle controller 6, a high-frequency fault recorder 7 and a contactor group 8; the incoming line wall bushing 1 is connected with a current transformer 2, the current transformer 2 is respectively connected with a three-phase five-column voltage transformer 3 and a phase control switch 4, the phase control switch 4 is connected with a contactor group 8, a reserved test interface 9 is arranged on the contactor group 8, and a closing angle controller 6 and a high-frequency fault recorder 7 are respectively connected with a switch 5 through network cables.
Further, the phase control switch 4 includes three fault trigger switches, which are an a-phase fault trigger switch S1, a B-phase fault trigger switch S2, and a C-phase fault trigger switch S3, respectively; the secondary side terminal of the three-phase five-column voltage transformer 3 is connected with the voltage acquisition terminal of the closing angle controller 6, the secondary side terminal of the current transformer 2 is connected with the current acquisition terminal of the closing angle controller 6, and the switching-on and switching-off contacts of the A-phase fault trigger switch S1, the B-phase fault trigger switch S2 and the C-phase fault trigger switch S3 of the phase control switch 4 are respectively connected with the A-phase remote control switching-out terminal, the B-phase remote control switching-out terminal and the C-phase remote control switching-out terminal of the closing angle controller 6.
Further, the switching-on angle controller 6 collects voltage signals of an access point of the line-in side power grid through the three-phase five-column voltage transformer 3, the switching-on angle controller 6 collects fault point current signals through the current transformer 2, and accurate time synchronization is ensured by using IRIG-B time coding time synchronization through the satellite time synchronization device; the switching-on angle controller 6 is used for controlling the phase-controlled switch 4 to switch on at the accurate moment to trigger faults, the switching-on angle controller 6 receives switching-on time and fault triggering angle instructions sent by the upper computer, collects voltage signals to monitor voltage zero-crossing points, calculates the switching-on time of the phase-controlled switch according to the voltage zero-crossing points after reaching the appointed switching-on moment, and performs compensation correction by testing the switching-on action delay of the set phase-controlled switch in advance to control the switching-on of the phase-controlled switch so as to ensure that the voltage initial phase angle at the switching-on moment of the phase-controlled switch is the angle set by the upper computer instructions; the control algorithm flow of the closing angle controller comprises the following steps:
step 1: receiving a reference phase and a fault closing angle set by a local man-machine interface or an upper computerAnd storing;
step 2: collecting voltage in real time and calculating frequency of systemAnd according to frequencyRate->The sampling step length is adjusted according to the size of the sampling rate and 64-point sampling data are stored in each cycle;
step 3: FFT analysis is carried out on 64-point sampling data, and an amplitude A and an initial phase are calculated；
Step 4: searching the fault occurrence time, wherein the amplitude corresponding to the phase point to be searched isSetting a fault closing angle->Then can be according to->Or->Calculating the moment +.>；
Step 5: after the fault occurrence moment is found, the opening node corresponding to the opening module is controlled, so that the fault trigger switch corresponding to the reference set in the step 1 is switched on, and the control of the fault switching-on angle is realized.
Further, the contactor group 8 includes a first contactor S4 and a second contactor S5; the first contactor S4 and the second contactor S5 are connected in series with the phase control switch 4, and the first contactor S4 is connected in parallel with the second contactor S5; the first contactor S4 is directly connected with the high-power resistor cabinet, and the second contactor S5 is connected with the high-power resistor cabinet through a reserved test interface 9; the contactor group 8 is used for switching an internal test mode or an external test mode, and when the first contactor S4 is switched on, the system is grounded after passing through the high-power resistor cabinet and the arc light simulation device cabinet; when the second contactor S5 is closed, the system is grounded via the ground fault simulation test equipment externally accessed by the reserved test interface 9.
Further, the high-power resistor cabinet comprises a resistor module bypass switch 10, a high-power resistor module 11 and a resistor switching bypass switch 12; the resistor module bypass switch 10 is connected in parallel with the whole high-power resistor module 11, the high-power resistor module 11 comprises a plurality of high-power resistor groups, the resistor switching bypass switch 12 is connected in series in sequence, and each high-power resistor group is connected in parallel with one resistor switching bypass switch 12.
Further, the arc light simulation device cabinet comprises an arc light grounding simulation device bypass switch S6, an arc light grounding simulation device input switch S7, an arc light grounding simulation generation device 14 and an outlet terminal 15; one end of an arc grounding simulation device input switch S7 is connected with a high-power resistance module, the other end of the arc grounding simulation device input switch S7 is connected with one end of an arc grounding simulation generating device 14, the other end of the arc grounding simulation generating device 14 is connected with an outlet terminal 15, one end of an arc grounding simulation device bypass switch S6 is connected with the high-power resistance module, the other end of the arc grounding simulation device bypass switch S6 is connected with the other end of the arc grounding simulation generating device 14, and the arc grounding simulation device bypass switch S6 is connected with the arc grounding simulation device input switch S7 and the arc grounding simulation generating device 14 in parallel; when the bypass switch S6 of the arc grounding simulation device is switched on and the switch S7 of the arc grounding simulation device is switched off, the arc grounding simulation device 14 is not switched on, and the system is not connected to the ground through the arc grounding simulation device 14; when the bypass switch S6 of the arc grounding simulation device is switched off and the input switch S7 of the arc grounding simulation device is switched on, the system is connected to the ground through the arc grounding simulation generation device 14, and the arc grounding simulation generation device 14 is put into use.
Further, the arc grounding simulation generating device 14 comprises a discharge electrode 16 and an arc discharge device; the discharge electrode comprises two metal electrodes which are oppositely arranged; the arc discharge device comprises an insulating disc 17, a plurality of conductive columns 18 and a first stepping motor M1, wherein the conductive columns are uniformly distributed on concentric arcs at the edge of the insulating disc, and the insulating disc is driven by the first stepping motor M1 to rotate at a uniform speed.
Further, the arc discharge device also comprises a ball screw 13 and a second stepping motor M2; the first stepping motor M1 is connected with the ball screw, and the second stepping motor M2 is connected with one end of the ball screw; when the electric discharge device works, the insulating disc has two degrees of freedom, the first stepping motor M1 controls the insulating disc to rotate, and the second stepping motor M2 drives the first stepping motor M1 and the insulating disc to integrally approach or separate from the discharge electrode through the ball screw; the arc discharge device is used for simulating arc discharge; two metal electrodes in the discharge electrode are tip electrodes, the tips of the two metal electrodes are opposite, and the two metal electrodes are copper electrodes; the conductive columns are 8 conductive columns; when the arc discharge device works, two tip electrodes are used as discharge electrodes to trigger arc light, an insulating disc driven by a first stepping motor M1 is placed in a gap between the two tip electrodes, 8 conductive columns are uniformly embedded in concentric arcs of the edge of the insulating disc, the insulating disc rotates at a constant speed under the driving of the first stepping motor M1, and by controlling the rotation speeds of the insulating disc and the conductive columns, when the conductive columns are turned into the gap between the two tip electrodes near the peak values of positive and negative half periods of phase voltages, arcing is triggered between the two tip electrodes and the conductive columns, and arc light discharge faults are simulated; when the conductive column leaves the gap between the two tip electrodes, the arc is extinguished, and the frequency or the arcing electrical angle of arc discharge can be adjusted by controlling the rotating speed of the conductive column;
when in operation, the frequency of the power grid isf =50hz, the rotation speed of the first stepper motor M1 is n (r/s), and if the arc is controlled to be fired at the peak and the trough of each period, the arc is fired 2 times per period, and when 8 conductive columns are adopted, the rotation speed of the first stepper motor M1 is as follows:
；
setting the period of arcing ast(s) if control is performed to burn at the peak each timetIs an integral multiple of 0.01, is provided withtWhen=0.1 s, the motor rotation speed is:
。
further, the 10kV single-phase grounding fault simulation device also comprises an arc discharge controller; the pulse output end of the arc discharge controller is respectively connected with the first stepping motor M1 and the second stepping motor M2; the control algorithm flow of the arc discharge controller comprises the following steps:
step 1: the upper computer sets an arc grounding period and an electric angle;
step 2: the arc discharge controller outputs pulse signals according to a set arc discharge period, and controls the first stepping motor M1 and the second stepping motor M2 to start rotating;
step 3: the arc discharge controller collects the three-phase line voltage of the test line, calculates the frequency of the system, adjusts the sampling step length according to the frequency and the sampling rate and stores 64-point data in each cycle;
step 4: performing FFT calculation and analysis on the sampling point of the last step, and calculating the current amplitude A and the phase；
Step 5: the arc discharge controller receives the photoelectric sensor signal and obtains the current position of the insulating disc through signal calculation;
step 6: by insulating the current position of the disc from the current amplitude A and the phase of the voltageCalculating and searching an arc light generation angle;
step 7: and adjusting and outputting a pulse signal according to the arc light generating angle, and changing the rotating speed of the stepping motor.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The invention supports various system grounding modes, including a neutral point non-grounding system, a neutral point grounding system through an arc suppression coil, and a neutral point grounding system through a small resistance;
2) The simulation fault types are various, and the simulation of various fault scenes such as single-phase transition resistor grounding, stable arc grounding, intermittent arc grounding, broken wire grounding, resistor-arc grounding and the like can be realized;
3) By further design, the fault triggering closing angle can be controlled accurately, and the control accuracy reaches +/-4.5 degrees;
4) Through further design, the fault transition resistance is adjustable in a step manner, so that simulation of earth faults within the range of 0-12700 omega can be realized, the resolution reaches 100 omega, and simulation of metallic/low-resistance/medium-resistance/high-resistance earth faults can be realized;
5) Through further design, the electrical characteristic quantity of the fault trigger point can be recorded in real time according to the data requirements of fault inversion or research.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a phase-control switchgear.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the high-power resistor cabinet.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the arc simulator cabinet.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the arc grounding simulation generating device 14.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the operating principle of the arc grounding simulation generating device 14 for burning.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the principle of operation of the arc grounding simulation generating device 14 for quenching.
Fig. 8 is a schematic flow chart of a control algorithm of the closing angle controller.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of connection of the closing angle controller and the high-frequency fault recorder.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the arc discharge controller and the first and second stepper motors M1 and M2.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of the arc discharge controller.
FIG. 12 is a control algorithm flow for the arc discharge controller.
Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of the closing angle controller.
In the drawing, 1 is an incoming line wall bushing, 2 is a current transformer, 3 is a three-phase five-column voltage transformer, 4 is a phase control switch, 5 is a switch, 6 is a closing angle controller, 7 is a high-frequency fault recorder, 8 is a contactor group, 9 is a reserved test interface, 10 is a resistor module bypass switch, 11 is a high-power resistor module, 12 is a resistor switching bypass switch, 13 is a ball screw, 14 is an arc grounding simulation generating device, 15 is an outgoing line terminal, 16 is a discharge electrode, 17 is an insulating disc, 18 is a conducting column, M1 is a first stepping motor, M2 is a second stepping motor, S1 is an A-phase fault trigger switch, S2 is a B-phase fault trigger switch, S3 is a C-phase fault trigger switch, S4 is a first contactor, S5 is a second contactor, S6 is an arc grounding simulation device bypass switch, S7 is a high-power grounding simulation device input switch, R1 is a first high-power resistor group, R2 is a second high-power resistor group, R3 is a third high-power resistor group, R4 is an arc grounding simulation device input switch, R6 is a fifth high-power resistor group, and R5 is a high-power resistor group.
Detailed Description
The 10kV single-phase grounding fault simulation device structurally comprises a phase control switch cabinet, a high-power resistor cabinet and an arc light simulation device cabinet; the wire outlet end of the phase control switch cabinet is connected with the wire inlet end of the high-power resistor cabinet, and the wire outlet end of the high-power resistor cabinet is connected with the wire inlet end of the arc light simulation device cabinet.
The invention is suitable for simulating various single-phase earth faults in a 10kV true power distribution network test field, the fault trigger initial phase angle can be accurately set, the fault transition resistance is adjustable in multiple steps with the resolution of 100 omega in the range of 0-12700 omega, and meanwhile, the invention is provided with an arc grounding simulation device, so that the simulation of various fault scenes such as single-phase transition resistance grounding, stable arc grounding, intermittent arc grounding, broken line grounding, resistance-arc grounding and the like can be realized.
The phase control switch cabinet comprises an incoming line wall bushing 1, a current transformer 2, a three-phase five-column voltage transformer 3, a phase control switch 4, a switch 5, a closing angle controller 6, a high-frequency fault recorder 7 and a contactor group 8; the incoming line wall bushing 1 is connected with a current transformer 2, the current transformer 2 is respectively connected with a three-phase five-column voltage transformer 3 and a phase control switch 4, the phase control switch 4 is connected with a contactor group 8, a reserved test interface 9 is arranged on the contactor group 8, and a closing angle controller 6 and a high-frequency fault recorder 7 are respectively connected with a switch 5 through network cables; the phase control switch cabinet is mainly used for performing fault triggering of a ground fault simulation test, realizing accurate control of a fault closing angle and recording electric characteristic quantity waveforms in the test process.
The incoming line wall bushing 1 is used for connecting a single-phase earth fault simulation device to a power grid test position; the current transformer 2 is used for collecting fault point current data; the three-phase five-column voltage transformer 3 is used for collecting fault point voltage data; the phase control switch 4 is used for precisely controlling a fault triggering initial phase angle; the switching-on angle controller 6 is used for precisely controlling the switching-on time of the phase control switch 4; the high-frequency fault recorder 7 is used for collecting electrical characteristic quantity data of fault points; the contactor group 8 is used for selecting an internal test or an external test; the reserved test interface 9 is used for performing test verification in an external test grounding simulation device access system.
The phase control switch 4 comprises three fault trigger switches, wherein the three fault trigger switches are an A-phase fault trigger switch S1, a B-phase fault trigger switch S2 and a C-phase fault trigger switch S3 respectively, and a secondary control loop of the phase control switch 4 ensures that only one fault trigger switch can be in a closing state at the same time in an electric interlocking mode, so that short circuit faults caused by simultaneous closing of a plurality of fault trigger switches are avoided.
The A phase fault trigger switch S1, the B phase fault trigger switch S2 and the C phase fault trigger switch S3 of the phase control switch 4 are all high-precision single-phase vacuum circuit breakers, the model is selected to be ISM/TEL 12-20/1000-089, the quick closing action process is ensured, and the action delay is stable.
The secondary side terminal of the three-phase five-column voltage transformer 3 is connected with the voltage acquisition terminal of the closing angle controller 6, the secondary side terminal of the current transformer 2 is connected with the current acquisition terminal of the closing angle controller 6, and the switching-on and switching-off contacts of the A-phase fault trigger switch S1, the B-phase fault trigger switch S2 and the C-phase fault trigger switch S3 of the phase control switch 4 are respectively connected with the A-phase remote control switching-out terminal, the B-phase remote control switching-out terminal and the C-phase remote control switching-out terminal of the closing angle controller 6.
The switching-on angle controller 6 collects voltage signals of an access point of the line-in side power grid through the three-phase five-column voltage transformer 3, the switching-on angle controller 6 collects fault point current signals through the current transformer 2, and accurate time synchronization is ensured by using IRIG-B time coding time synchronization through the satellite time synchronization device; the switching-on angle controller 6 is used for controlling the phase-controlled switch 4 to switch on at the accurate moment to trigger faults, the switching-on angle controller 6 receives switching-on time and fault triggering angle instructions sent by the upper computer, voltage signals are collected to monitor voltage zero-crossing points, after the appointed switching-on moment is reached, the switching-on time of the phase-controlled switch is calculated according to the voltage zero-crossing points, compensation and correction are carried out through the switching-on action delay of the phase-controlled switch which is tested and set in advance, the switching-on of the phase-controlled switch is controlled, and the voltage initial phase angle at the switching-on moment of the phase-controlled switch is ensured to be the angle set by the upper computer instructions.
The structure principle of the closing angle controller 6 is shown in fig. 13, and the closing angle controller comprises an ARM microprocessor control unit, a communication module, a voltage acquisition module and an opening module; the signal input and output end of the opening module is in butt joint with the first signal output and input end of the ARM microprocessor control unit, the second signal output and input end of the ARM microprocessor control unit is connected with the signal input and output end of the communication module, and the third signal output and input end of the ARM microprocessor control unit is connected with the signal input and output end of the voltage acquisition module.
The ARM microprocessor control unit is a core of the closing angle controller 6 and is used for controlling other modules to run and processing data and operation results.
The communication module provides 2 network ports and 2 serial ports, and parameters such as reference phases, fault closing angles and the like can be set by using a modbus protocol through upper computer software.
The voltage acquisition module comprises a sampling PT with a transformation ratio of 100/3.53V and a 16-bit AD conversion unit, and realizes voltage acquisition.
The opening module comprises an A-phase remote control opening terminal, a B-phase remote control opening terminal and a C-phase remote control opening terminal, which are respectively connected with the A-phase fault trigger switch S1, the B-phase fault trigger switch S2 and the C-phase fault trigger switch S3 and used for controlling the A-phase fault trigger switch S1, the B-phase fault trigger switch S2 and the C-phase fault trigger switch S3 to be switched on and off.
The switching-on angle controller 6 is used for closing a remote control output contact of the corresponding phase when the voltage acquisition module acquires the corresponding phase voltage to reach a set angle according to the reference phase and the fault switching-on angle set by the upper computer, so as to control the corresponding phase fault trigger switch to switch on; the control algorithm flow chart is shown in fig. 8.
The control algorithm flow of the closing angle controller comprises the following steps:
step 1: receiving a reference phase and a fault closing angle set by a local man-machine interface or an upper computerAnd storing;
step 2: collecting voltage in real time and calculating frequency of systemAnd according to the frequency->The sampling step length is adjusted according to the size of the sampling rate and 64-point sampling data are stored in each cycle;
step 3: performing fast Fourier transform analysis (FFT analysis) on 64-point sampling data to calculate amplitude A and initial phase；
Step 4: searching the fault occurrence time, wherein the amplitude corresponding to the phase point to be searched isSetting a fault closing angle->Then can be according to->Or->Calculating the moment +.>；
Step 5: after the fault occurrence moment is found, the opening node corresponding to the opening module is controlled, so that the fault trigger switch corresponding to the reference set in the step 1 is switched on, and the control of the fault switching-on angle is realized.
The high-frequency fault recorder 7 is mainly used for collecting voltage and current signals of a fault access point, collecting fault point current signals through the current transformer 2, and ensuring accurate time synchronization by using IRIG-B time coding time synchronization through a satellite time synchronization device; the satellite time synchronization device time synchronization port is connected with the high-frequency fault recorder time synchronization terminal, the secondary side terminal of the current transformer 2 is connected with the high-frequency fault recorder current sampling terminal, and the secondary side terminal of the three-phase five-column voltage transformer 3 is simultaneously connected in parallel with the voltage sampling terminal of the high-frequency fault recorder and the voltage sampling terminal of the closing angle controller 6; the high-frequency fault recorder 7 stores voltage and current waveform files in a standard Comtrade format, so that analysis and playback of fault characteristic quantities after the test is finished are facilitated; the type of the high-frequency fault recorder is preferably FTT131.
The contactor group 8 comprises a first contactor S4 and a second contactor S5; the first contactor S4 and the second contactor S5 are connected in series with the phase control switch 4, and the first contactor S4 is connected in parallel with the second contactor S5; the first contactor S4 is directly connected with the high-power resistor cabinet, and the second contactor S5 is connected with the high-power resistor cabinet through a reserved test interface 9; the contactor group 8 is used for switching an internal test mode or an external test mode, and when the first contactor S4 is switched on, the system is grounded after passing through the high-power resistor cabinet and the arc light simulation device cabinet; when the second contactor S5 is closed, the system is grounded via the ground fault simulation test equipment externally accessed by the reserved test interface 9.
The high-power resistor cabinet comprises a resistor module bypass switch 10, a high-power resistor module 11 and a resistor switching bypass switch 12; the resistor module bypass switch 10 is connected in parallel with the whole high-power resistor module 11, the high-power resistor module 11 comprises a plurality of high-power resistor groups, the resistor switching bypass switch 12 is connected in series in sequence, and each high-power resistor group is connected in parallel with one resistor switching bypass switch 12.
The resistor module bypass switch 10 preferably adopts a 630A single-phase alternating current contactor, and is mainly used for switching on the resistor module bypass switch 10 when the grounding resistance is set to be 0, and bypassing the whole high-power resistor module 11 to realize simulation of metallic grounding faults.
The high-power resistor module 11 is formed by sequentially connecting a first high-power resistor group R1, a second high-power resistor group R2, a third high-power resistor group R3, a fourth high-power resistor group R4, a fifth high-power resistor group R5, a sixth high-power resistor group R6 and a seventh high-power resistor group R7 in series, each high-power resistor group is formed by high-power resistor bars with radiating fins, the resistance values of the first high-power resistor group R1, the second high-power resistor group R2, the third high-power resistor group R3, the fourth high-power resistor group R4, the fifth high-power resistor group R5, the sixth high-power resistor group R6 and the seventh high-power resistor group R7 are respectively 100 omega, 200 omega, 400 omega, 800 omega, 1600 omega, 3200 omega and 6400 omega, and the total resistance values of the high-power resistor groups R1-R7 which are sequentially connected in series can be set with 100 omega-00 omega precision through different combination modes; each high-power resistor group is provided with a resistor switching bypass switch, and switching of the resistors is realized by controlling the opening and the closing of the resistor switching bypass switch; the high-power resistor module 11 uses a high-power cooling fan to perform forced air cooling heat dissipation, so that all resistors can dissipate heat in time when a large current flows through a simulated fault, meanwhile, temperature monitoring is provided, when the temperature rise of a corresponding high-power resistor group exceeds a safety threshold, over-temperature protection is triggered, all switches are controlled to be disconnected, and the over-temperature burnout of the high-power resistor group is prevented.
The arc light simulation device cabinet comprises an arc light grounding simulation device bypass switch S6, an arc light grounding simulation device input switch S7, an arc light grounding simulation generation device 14 and an outlet terminal 15; one end of an arc grounding simulation device input switch S7 is connected with the high-power resistor module, the other end of the arc grounding simulation device input switch S7 is connected with one end of an arc grounding simulation generating device 14, the other end of the arc grounding simulation generating device 14 is connected with an outlet terminal 15, one end of an arc grounding simulation device bypass switch S6 is connected with the high-power resistor module, the other end of the arc grounding simulation device bypass switch S6 is connected with the other end of the arc grounding simulation generating device 14, and the arc grounding simulation device bypass switch S6 is connected with the arc grounding simulation device input switch S7 and the arc grounding simulation generating device 14 in parallel.
The bypass switch S6 of the arc grounding simulation device and the input switch S7 of the arc grounding simulation device are all 10kV single-phase alternating-current contactors, when the bypass switch S6 of the arc grounding simulation device is closed and the input switch S7 of the arc grounding simulation device is opened, the arc grounding simulation generating device 14 is not input, and at the moment, the system is not connected to the ground through the arc grounding simulation generating device 14; when the bypass switch S6 of the arc grounding simulation device is switched off and the input switch S7 of the arc grounding simulation device is switched on, the system is connected to the ground through the arc grounding simulation generation device 14, and the arc grounding simulation generation device 14 is put into use.
The arc grounding simulation generating device 14 is a device capable of providing intermittent arc electricity prevention for simulating the generation of a power distribution network.
The arc grounding simulation generating device 14 comprises a discharge electrode 16 and an arc discharge device; the discharge electrode comprises two metal electrodes which are oppositely arranged, and the two metal electrodes are preferably copper electrodes; the arc discharge device comprises an insulating disc 17, a plurality of conductive columns 18 and a first stepping motor M1, wherein the conductive columns are uniformly distributed on concentric arcs at the edge of the insulating disc, and the insulating disc is driven by the first stepping motor M1 to rotate at a uniform speed.
The arc discharge device also comprises a ball screw 13 and a second stepping motor M2; the first stepping motor M1 is connected with the ball screw, and the second stepping motor M2 is connected with one end of the ball screw; the second stepping motor M2 can drive the first stepping motor M1 to move back and forth along the length direction of the ball screw 13 through the ball screw 13; when the electric discharge device works, the insulating disc has two degrees of freedom, the first stepping motor M1 controls the insulating disc to rotate, and the second stepping motor M2 drives the first stepping motor M1 and the insulating disc to integrally approach or separate from the discharge electrode through the ball screw; the arc discharge device is used for simulating arc discharge.
The two metal electrodes in the discharge electrode are preferably tip electrodes, the tips of the two metal electrodes are opposite, and the two metal electrodes are preferably copper electrodes; the number of conductive posts is preferably 8 conductive posts; when the arc discharge device works, two tip electrodes are used as discharge electrodes to trigger arc light, an insulating disc driven by a first stepping motor M1 is placed in a gap between the two tip electrodes, 8 conductive columns are uniformly embedded in concentric arcs of the edge of the insulating disc, the insulating disc rotates at a constant speed under the driving of the first stepping motor M1, and by controlling the rotation speeds of the insulating disc and the conductive columns, when the conductive columns are turned into the gap between the two tip electrodes near the peak values of positive and negative half periods of phase voltages, arcing is triggered between the two tip electrodes and the conductive columns, and arc light discharge faults are simulated; when the conductive column leaves the gap between the two tip electrodes, the arc is extinguished, and the frequency or the arcing electrical angle of arc discharge can be adjusted by controlling the rotating speed of the conductive column;
when the invention works, the power grid frequency isf =50hz, the rotation speed of the first stepper motor M1 is n (r/s), and if the arc is controlled to be fired at the peak and the trough of each period, the arc is fired 2 times per period, and when 8 conductive columns are adopted, the rotation speed of the first stepper motor M1 is as follows:
；
setting the period of arcing ast(s) if control is performed to burn at the peak each timetIs an integral multiple of 0.01, is provided withtWhen=0.1 s, the motor rotation speed is:
。
the structure of the single-phase grounding fault simulation device also comprises an arc discharge controller, wherein the arc discharge controller is responsible for controlling a first stepping motor M1, a second stepping motor M2, an arc grounding simulation device bypass switch S6 and an arc grounding simulation device input switch S7, and receiving fault setting parameters issued by a system management background, wherein the parameter content comprises an arc grounding fault type, a discharge period or a frequency; arc ground fault types include transition resistance ground, stable arc ground, intermittent arc ground, broken line ground, resistance-arc ground, non-arc ground, constant arc ground, intermittent arc ground, etc.; the arc discharge controller monitors the incoming line voltage at the upper end of the phase control switch cabinet and is used for adjusting the rotating speed of the first stepping motor M1, so that the conductive column is ensured to enter an electrode gap near a wave crest, and arcing is ensured.
The pulse output end of the arc discharge controller is respectively connected with the first stepping motor M1 and the second stepping motor M2 to realize the rotation control of the stepping motors; the pulse output terminal of the arc discharge controller is respectively connected with the first stepping motor M1 and the second stepping motor M2, and the voltage acquisition terminal of the arc discharge controller is connected with the secondary side terminal of the three-phase five-column voltage transformer 3.
The structure principle of the arc discharge controller is shown in fig. 11, and the arc discharge controller comprises an ARM microprocessor control unit, a communication module, a voltage acquisition module and a pulse output module; the signal input and output end of the pulse output module is in butt joint with the first signal output and input end of the ARM microprocessor control unit, the second signal output and input end of the ARM microprocessor control unit is connected with the signal input and output end of the communication module, and the third signal output and input end of the ARM microprocessor control unit is connected with the signal input and output end of the voltage acquisition module.
The ARM microprocessor control unit is a core of the arc discharge controller and is used for controlling other modules to run and processing data and operation results.
The communication module provides 2 network ports and 2 serial ports, and parameters such as an arc grounding mode, a discharge period and the like can be set by using a modbus protocol through upper computer software.
The voltage acquisition module comprises a sampling PT with a transformation ratio of 100/3.53V and a 16-bit AD conversion unit, and realizes acquisition of line voltage.
The pulse output module mainly completes pulse control on the first stepping motor M1 and the second stepping motor M2, and the ARM microprocessor control unit sends the set corresponding stepping motor position and the set corresponding rotating speed to the pulse output module, and the pulse output module output terminal continuously outputs voltage pulse signals with a certain duty ratio so as to drive the first stepping motor M1 and the second stepping motor M2 to rotate.
The arc discharge controller controls the rotation speed and the position of the stepping motor according to the arc discharge period set by the upper computer.
As shown in fig. 12, the control algorithm flow of the arc discharge controller includes the following steps:
step 1: the upper computer sets an arc grounding period and an electric angle;
step 2: the arc discharge controller outputs pulse signals according to a set arc discharge period, and controls the first stepping motor M1 and the second stepping motor M2 to start rotating;
step 3: the arc discharge controller collects the three-phase line voltage of the test line, calculates the frequency of the system, adjusts the sampling step length according to the frequency and the sampling rate and stores 64-point data in each cycle;
step 4: performing FFT calculation and analysis on the sampling point of the last step, and calculating the current amplitude A and the phase；
Step 5: the arc discharge controller receives the photoelectric sensor signal and obtains the current position of the insulating disc through signal calculation;
step 6: by insulating the current position of the disc from the current amplitude A and the phase of the voltageCalculating and searching an arc light generation angle;
step 7: and adjusting and outputting a pulse signal according to the arc light generating angle, and changing the rotating speed of the stepping motor.
The implementation of the non-arc grounding comprises: the arc discharge controller closes the bypass switch S7 and controls the second stepper motor M2 to withdraw the insulating disc from the electrode gap.
The implementation of the constant arc grounding comprises the following steps: the arc discharge controller controls the second stepping motor M2, and simultaneously adjusts the positions of the conductive posts through the first stepping motor M1, so that one of the conductive posts is always fixed between the electrode gap.
The intermittent arc grounding implementation comprises the following steps: the arc discharge controller controls the second stepping motor M2 to enable the arc where the conductive column is located to be just between electrode gaps of the discharge electrodes; and simultaneously starting the first stepping motor M1, regulating the rotating speed to be uniform according to the arc discharge period, tracking the phase angle of the incoming line voltage, and ensuring that the conductive column enters the electrode gap near the peak of the sine wave.
Two metal electrodes in the discharge electrode are divided into an upper metal electrode and a lower metal electrode; the upper metal electrode incoming line is from a high-power resistor cabinet and connected to the line side; the lower metal electrode outgoing line is connected to the grounding electrode, the electrode gap between the two metal electrodes is adjustable, and when the conductive column moves into the electrode gap, the gap between the electrode and the conductive column is preferably 2-5 mm.
The invention can support the true simulation of typical faults of different neutral point grounding modes of a 10kV power distribution network, such as single-phase grounding faults through transition resistance, stable arc grounding faults, intermittent arc grounding faults, broken line grounding faults, resistance-arc grounding faults and the like; the high-precision single-phase vacuum circuit breaker is adopted, and the accurate control of the fault initial phase angle is realized through accurate time control, so that the test scene is greatly enriched; the high-frequency oscillograph records and analyzes fault characteristic waveforms in real time, and can provide strong data support for fault inversion and related grounding algorithm research; the fault transition resistance is adjustable in a step manner, and the size of the fault transition resistance can be customized according to the requirements of users; the method supports the true simulation of stable arc grounding or intermittent arc grounding, the arcing and extinguishing time of intermittent arc discharge is controllable, and the discharge frequency is controllable; various abnormal protections in the running process of the invention, such as phase sequence setting abnormal protection, voltage abnormal protection, overcurrent protection, overtemperature protection and the like; and the system integration is convenient, and the secondary development is supported.
Claims (4)
1. The 10kV single-phase grounding fault simulation device is characterized by comprising a phase control switch cabinet, a high-power resistor cabinet and an arc light simulation device cabinet; the wire outlet end of the phase control switch cabinet is connected with the wire inlet end of the high-power resistor cabinet, and the wire outlet end of the high-power resistor cabinet is connected with the wire inlet end of the arc light simulation device cabinet;
the phase control switch cabinet comprises an incoming line wall bushing (1), a current transformer (2), a three-phase five-column voltage transformer (3), a phase control switch (4), a switch (5), a closing angle controller (6), a high-frequency fault recorder (7) and a contactor group (8); the device comprises a three-phase five-column voltage transformer (3), a phase control switch (4), a contactor group (8), a switch-on angle controller (6) and a high-frequency fault recorder (7), wherein the incoming line wall bushing (1) is connected with the current transformer (2), the current transformer (2) is respectively connected with the three-phase five-column voltage transformer (3) and the phase control switch (4), the phase control switch (4) is connected with the contactor group (8), a reserved test interface (9) is arranged on the contactor group (8), and the switch-on angle controller (6) and the high-frequency fault recorder (7) are respectively connected with a switch (5) through network cables;
the contactor group (8) comprises a first contactor (S4) and a second contactor (S5); the first contactor (S4) and the second contactor (S5) are connected in series with the phase control switch (4), and the first contactor (S4) is connected in parallel with the second contactor (S5); the first contactor (S4) is directly connected with the high-power resistor cabinet, and the second contactor (S5) is connected with the high-power resistor cabinet through a reserved test interface (9); the contactor group (8) is used for switching an internal test mode or an external test mode, and when the first contactor (S4) is switched on, the system is grounded after passing through the high-power resistance cabinet and the arc light simulation device cabinet; when the second contactor (S5) is switched on, the system is grounded through the ground fault simulation test equipment externally connected with the reserved test interface (9);
the high-power resistor cabinet comprises a resistor module bypass switch (10), a high-power resistor module (11) and a resistor switching bypass switch (12); the high-power resistor module (11) comprises a plurality of high-power resistor groups, a plurality of resistor switching bypass switches (12) and a plurality of resistor switching bypass switches (12), wherein the resistor module bypass switches (10) are connected with the whole high-power resistor module (11) in parallel, and each high-power resistor group is connected with one resistor switching bypass switch (12) in parallel;
the arc light simulation device cabinet comprises an arc light grounding simulation device bypass switch (S6), an arc light grounding simulation device input switch (S7), an arc light grounding simulation generation device (14) and an outlet terminal (15); one end of an arc grounding simulation device input switch (S7) is connected with a high-power resistance module, the other end of the arc grounding simulation device input switch (S7) is connected with one end of an arc grounding simulation generating device (14), the other end of the arc grounding simulation generating device (14) is connected with an outlet terminal (15), one end of an arc grounding simulation device bypass switch (S6) is connected with the high-power resistance module, the other end of the arc grounding simulation device bypass switch (S6) is connected with the other end of the arc grounding simulation generating device (14), and the arc grounding simulation device bypass switch (S6) is connected with the arc grounding simulation device input switch (S7) and the arc grounding simulation generating device (14) in parallel; when the bypass switch (S6) of the arc grounding simulation device is switched on and the input switch (S7) of the arc grounding simulation device is switched off, the arc grounding simulation generating device (14) is not input, and the system is not connected to the ground through the arc grounding simulation generating device (14); when the bypass switch (S6) of the arc grounding simulation device is switched off and the input switch (S7) of the arc grounding simulation device is switched on, the system is connected to the ground through the arc grounding simulation generation device (14), and the arc grounding simulation generation device (14) is put into use;
the arc grounding simulation generating device (14) comprises a discharge electrode (16) and an arc discharge device; the discharge electrode comprises two metal electrodes which are oppositely arranged; the arc discharge device comprises an insulating disc (17), a plurality of conductive columns (18) and a first stepping motor (M1), wherein the conductive columns are uniformly distributed on concentric arcs at the edge of the insulating disc, and the insulating disc is driven by the first stepping motor (M1) to rotate at a uniform speed;
the arc discharge device also comprises a ball screw (13) and a second stepping motor (M2); the first stepping motor (M1) is connected with the ball screw, and the second stepping motor (M2) is connected with one end of the ball screw; when the electric power device works, the insulating disc has two degrees of freedom, the first stepping motor (M1) controls the insulating disc to rotate, and the second stepping motor (M2) drives the first stepping motor (M1) and the insulating disc to integrally approach or separate from the discharge electrode through the ball screw; the arc discharge device is used for simulating arc discharge; two metal electrodes in the discharge electrode are tip electrodes, the tips of the two metal electrodes are opposite, and the two metal electrodes are copper electrodes; the conductive columns are 8 conductive columns; when the arc discharge device works, two tip electrodes are used as discharge electrodes to trigger arc light, an insulating disc driven by a first stepping motor (M1) is placed in a gap between the two tip electrodes, 8 conductive columns are uniformly embedded in concentric arcs at the edge of the insulating disc, the insulating disc rotates at a constant speed under the driving of the first stepping motor (M1), and by controlling the rotation speeds of the insulating disc and the conductive columns, when the conductive columns are turned into the gap between the two tip electrodes near the peak values of positive and negative half periods of phase voltages, arcing is triggered between the two tip electrodes and the conductive columns, and arc light discharge faults are simulated; when the conductive column leaves the gap between the two tip electrodes, the arc is extinguished, and the frequency or the arcing electrical angle of arc discharge can be adjusted by controlling the rotating speed of the conductive column;
when in operation, the frequency of the power grid isf =50hz, the rotation speed of the first stepper motor M1 is n (r/s), and if the arc is controlled to be fired at the peak and the trough of each period, the arc is fired 2 times per period, and when 8 conductive columns are adopted, the rotation speed of the first stepper motor M1 is as follows:
；
setting the period of arcing ast(s) if control is performed to burn at the peak each timetIs an integral multiple of 0.01, is provided withtWhen=0.1 s, the motor rotation speed is:
。
2. a 10kV single-phase earth fault simulation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the phase-controlled switch (4) comprises three fault trigger switches, the three fault trigger switches being an a-phase fault trigger switch (S1), a B-phase fault trigger switch (S2), and a C-phase fault trigger switch (S3), respectively; the secondary side terminal of the three-phase five-column voltage transformer (3) is connected with the voltage acquisition terminal of the closing angle controller (6), the secondary side terminal of the current transformer (2) is connected with the current acquisition terminal of the closing angle controller (6), and the switching-on and switching-off joints of the A-phase fault trigger switch (S1), the B-phase fault trigger switch (S2) and the C-phase fault trigger switch (S3) of the phase control switch (4) are respectively connected with the A-phase remote control switching-out terminal, the B-phase remote control switching-out terminal and the C-phase remote control switching-out terminal of the closing angle controller (6).
3. The 10kV single-phase grounding fault simulation device according to claim 1, wherein the switching-on angle controller (6) collects voltage signals of an incoming line side power grid access point through a three-phase five-column voltage transformer (3), the switching-on angle controller (6) collects fault point current signals through a current transformer (2), and accurate time synchronization is ensured by using IRIG-B time coding time through a satellite time synchronization device; the switching-on angle controller (6) is used for controlling the phase-control switch (4) to switch on at the accurate moment to trigger faults, the switching-on angle controller (6) receives switching-on time and fault triggering angle instructions sent by the upper computer, voltage signals are collected to monitor voltage zero-crossing points, after the appointed switching-on moment is reached, the switching-on time of the phase-control switch is calculated according to the voltage zero-crossing points, compensation and correction are carried out through the switching-on action delay of the phase-control switch which is set by testing in advance, the switching-on of the phase-control switch is controlled, and the voltage initial phase angle at the switching-on moment of the phase-control switch is ensured to be the angle set by the instructions of the upper computer; the control algorithm flow of the closing angle controller comprises the following steps:
step 1: receiving a reference phase and a fault closing angle set by a local man-machine interface or an upper computerAnd storing;
step 2: collecting voltage in real time and calculating frequency of systemAnd according to the frequency->The sampling step length is adjusted according to the size of the sampling rate and 64-point sampling data are stored in each cycle;
step 3: FFT analysis is carried out on 64-point sampling data, and an amplitude A and an initial phase are calculated；
Step 4: searching the fault occurrence time, wherein the amplitude corresponding to the phase point to be searched isSetting a fault closing angle->Then can be according to->Or->Calculating the moment +.>；
Step 5: after the fault occurrence moment is found, the opening node corresponding to the opening module is controlled, so that the fault trigger switch corresponding to the reference set in the step 1 is switched on, and the control of the fault switching-on angle is realized.
4. A 10kV single-phase earth fault simulation apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an arc discharge controller; the pulse output end of the arc discharge controller is respectively connected with the first stepping motor (M1) and the second stepping motor (M2); the control algorithm flow of the arc discharge controller comprises the following steps:
step 1: the upper computer sets an arc grounding period and an electric angle;
step 2: the arc discharge controller outputs pulse signals according to a set arc discharge period, and controls the first stepping motor (M1) and the second stepping motor (M2) to start rotating;
step 3: the arc discharge controller collects the three-phase line voltage of the test line, calculates the frequency of the system, adjusts the sampling step length according to the frequency and the sampling rate and stores 64-point data in each cycle;
step 4: performing FFT calculation and analysis on the sampling point of the last step, and calculating the current amplitude A and the phase；
Step 5: the arc discharge controller receives the photoelectric sensor signal and obtains the current position of the insulating disc through signal calculation;
step 6: by insulating the current position of the disc from the current amplitude A and the phase of the voltageCalculating and searching an arc light generation angle;
step 7: and adjusting and outputting a pulse signal according to the arc light generating angle, and changing the rotating speed of the stepping motor.
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