CN114280423A - 10kV single-phase earth fault simulation device - Google Patents
10kV single-phase earth fault simulation device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a 10kV single-phase earth fault simulation device which structurally comprises a phase control switch cabinet, a high-power resistor cabinet and an arc light simulation device cabinet; the phase control switch cabinet is characterized in that a wire outlet end of the phase control switch cabinet is connected with a wire inlet end of the high-power resistor cabinet, and the wire outlet end of the high-power resistor cabinet is connected with a wire inlet end of the arc light simulation device cabinet. The invention supports a plurality of system grounding modes, including a neutral point ungrounded system, a neutral point grounded system through an arc suppression coil, and a neutral point grounded system through a small resistor; the invention has various simulation fault types and can realize the simulation of various fault scenes such as single-phase grounding through a transition resistor, stable arc grounding, intermittent arc grounding, broken wire grounding, resistor-arc grounding and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a 10kV single-phase earth fault simulation device, and belongs to the technical field of power distribution network fault detection.
Background
Problems of grounding electric arcs, arc grounding overvoltage, step voltage and the like caused by single-phase grounding faults of the power distribution network easily cause electric fire, short-circuit faults and personal safety accidents; in recent years, in order to solve the problem of single-phase earth fault of a power distribution network, a large number of novel earth fault processing technologies and devices are developed at home and abroad, but the field application effect is not ideal; the main reason is that the ground fault characteristics of the power distribution network are extremely complex and are easily influenced by system conditions and fault media, the real fault characteristics of a field are difficult to simulate by adopting a traditional digital simulation test or a dynamic simulation test, the real performance of a tested device or technology under the field conditions is difficult to reflect, and in order to improve the efficiency of research and development and detection work, a test device capable of highly restoring the scene and characteristics of the field ground fault must be provided.
In 2019, a ground fault line selection tripping device is clearly required to be verified through a true type test in ' notice on strengthening single-phase ground fault rapid handling work of a large city distribution cable network ' (No. 64 text of equipment distribution (2019) '); the 10kV power distribution network fault simulation device in the market can simulate limited gears of fault transition resistors, cannot realize flexible adjustment of the fault transition resistors, cannot simulate high-resistance grounding faults of 1000 ohms or more, and is limited by power and cannot support larger system capacity flow, such as a small-resistance grounding system; meanwhile, the traditional fault simulation device has the limitations that the fault initial phase angle is uncontrollable, the simulation scene of the intermittent arc grounding fault is limited and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a 10kV single-phase earth fault simulation device, and aims to solve the problem that single-phase earth fault scene and characteristics cannot be simulated in the prior art.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: a10 kV single-phase earth fault simulation device structurally comprises a phase control switch cabinet, a high-power resistor cabinet and an arc light simulation device cabinet; the phase control switch cabinet is characterized in that a wire outlet end of the phase control switch cabinet is connected with a wire inlet end of the high-power resistor cabinet, and the wire outlet end of the high-power resistor cabinet is connected with a wire inlet end of the arc light simulation device cabinet.
Further, the phase control switch cabinet comprises an incoming line wall bushing 1, a current transformer 2, a three-phase five-column voltage transformer 3, a phase control switch 4, a switch 5, a closing angle controller 6, a high-frequency fault recorder 7 and a contactor group 8; the incoming line wall bushing 1 is connected with a current transformer 2, the current transformer 2 is respectively connected with a three-phase five-column voltage transformer 3 and a phase control switch 4, the phase control switch 4 is connected with a contactor group 8, a reserved test interface 9 is arranged on the contactor group 8, and a closing angle controller 6 and a high-frequency fault recorder 7 are respectively connected with a switch 5 through network cables.
Further, the phase-controlled switch 4 includes three fault trigger switches, which are respectively an a-phase fault trigger switch S1, a B-phase fault trigger switch S2, and a C-phase fault trigger switch S3; the secondary side terminal of the three-phase five-column voltage transformer 3 is connected with the voltage acquisition terminal of the closing angle controller 6, the secondary side terminal of the current transformer 2 is connected with the current acquisition terminal of the closing angle controller 6, and the switching-on and switching-off contacts of the A-phase fault trigger switch S1, the B-phase fault trigger switch S2 and the C-phase fault trigger switch S3 of the phase control switch 4 are respectively connected with the A-phase remote control switch-off terminal, the B-phase remote control switch-off terminal and the C-phase remote control switch-off terminal of the closing angle controller 6.
Further, the closing angle controller 6 acquires a voltage signal of a power grid access point at the wire inlet side through the three-phase five-column voltage transformer 3, the closing angle controller 6 acquires a current model of a fault point through the current transformer 2, and the accurate synchronization of time is ensured by using IRIG-B time coding time synchronization through the satellite time synchronization device; the switching-on angle controller 6 is used for controlling the phase control switch 4 to switch on at an accurate moment to trigger a fault, the switching-on angle controller 6 receives switching-on time and a fault triggering angle instruction sent by an upper computer, collects a voltage signal to monitor a voltage zero crossing point, calculates the switching-on time of the phase control switch according to the voltage zero crossing point after reaching a specified switching-on moment, performs compensation correction through testing the set switching-on action delay of the phase control switch in advance, controls the phase control switch to switch on, and ensures that a voltage initial phase angle at the switching-on moment of the phase control switch is an angle set by the upper computer instruction; the control algorithm flow of the closing angle controller comprises the following steps:
step 1: receiving a reference phase and a fault switching-on angle set by a local human-computer interface or an upper computer
And storing;
step 2: collecting voltage in real time, calculating frequency of system
And according to frequency
The sampling step length is adjusted according to the size of the sampling rate and 64-point sampling data are stored in each cycle;
and step 3: FFT analysis is carried out on 64-point sampling data, and the amplitude A and the initial phase are calculated
；
And 4, step 4: when the fault occurs, the amplitude corresponding to the phase point to be searched is
Setting fault closing angle
Then can be based on
Or
Calculating the time of occurrence of the fault
；
And 5: and (3) after the fault occurrence time is found, controlling an opening node corresponding to the opening module to close the fault trigger switch corresponding to the reference set in the step (1), namely realizing the control of the fault closing angle.
Further, the contact group 8 includes a first contactor S4, a second contactor S5; the first contactor S4 and the second contactor S5 are both connected in series with the phase-controlled switch 4, and the first contactor S4 is connected in parallel with the second contactor S5; the first contactor S4 is directly connected with the high-power resistor cabinet, and the second contactor S5 is connected with the high-power resistor cabinet through a reserved test interface 9; the contactor group 8 is used for switching an internal test mode or an external test mode, and when the first contactor S4 is switched on, the system is grounded after passing through the high-power resistor cabinet and the arc light simulation device cabinet; when the second contactor S5 is closed, the system is grounded via a ground fault simulation test device externally accessed by the reserved test interface 9.
Further, the high-power resistor cabinet comprises a resistor module bypass switch 10, a high-power resistor module 11 and a resistor switching bypass switch 12; the resistance module bypass switch 10 is connected in parallel with the whole high-power resistance module 11, the high-power resistance module 11 comprises a plurality of high-power resistance groups, the resistance switching bypass switches 12 are connected in series, and each high-power resistance group is connected in parallel with one resistance switching bypass switch 12.
Further, the arc ground simulator cabinet includes an arc ground simulator bypass switch S6, an arc ground simulator input switch S7, an arc ground simulation generator 14, and an outlet terminal 15; one end of an arc grounding simulator input switch S7 is connected with the high-power resistance module, the other end of the arc grounding simulator input switch S7 is connected with one end of an arc grounding simulation generating device 14, the other end of the arc grounding simulation generating device 14 is connected with a wire outlet terminal 15, one end of an arc grounding simulator bypass switch S6 is connected with the high-power resistance module, the other end of the arc grounding simulator bypass switch S6 is connected with the other end of the arc grounding simulation generating device 14, and the arc grounding simulator bypass switch S6 is connected with the arc grounding simulator input switch S7 and the arc grounding simulation generating device 14 in parallel; when the arc grounding simulation device bypass switch S6 is switched on and the arc grounding simulation device switch S7 is switched off, the arc grounding simulation generating device 14 is not switched on, and the system is connected to the ground without passing through the arc grounding simulation generating device 14; when the arc grounding simulation device bypass switch S6 is opened and the arc grounding simulation device input switch S7 is closed, the system is connected to the ground through the arc grounding simulation generation device 14, and the arc grounding simulation generation device 14 is put into use.
Further, the arc grounding simulation device 14 includes a discharge electrode 16, an arc discharge device; the discharge electrode comprises two metal electrodes which are oppositely arranged; the arc discharge device comprises an insulating disc 17, a plurality of conductive posts 18 and a first stepping motor M1, wherein the conductive posts are uniformly distributed on a concentric circular arc at the edge of the insulating disc, and the insulating disc rotates at a constant speed under the drive of the first stepping motor M1.
Further, the arc discharge device further comprises a ball screw 13, a second stepping motor M2; the first stepping motor M1 is connected with the ball screw, and the second stepping motor M2 is connected with one end of the ball screw; when the device works, the insulating disc has two degrees of freedom, the insulating disc is controlled to rotate by the first stepping motor M1, and the first stepping motor M1 and the insulating disc are driven to integrally approach or leave the discharge electrode by the second stepping motor M2 through a ball screw; the arc discharge device is used for simulating arc discharge; two metal electrodes in the discharge electrodes are tip electrodes, the tips of the two metal electrodes are opposite, and the two metal electrodes are copper electrodes; the plurality of conductive posts are 8 conductive posts; when the arc discharge device works, two tip electrodes are used as discharge electrodes to initiate arc light, an insulating disc driven by a first stepping motor M1 is placed in a gap between the two tip electrodes, 8 conductive columns are uniformly embedded in concentric arcs at the edge of the insulating disc, the insulating disc rotates at a constant speed under the drive of the first stepping motor M1, and when the conductive columns rotate into the gap between the two tip electrodes near the positive and negative half-period peak values of phase voltage by controlling the rotating speed of the insulating disc and the conductive columns, arc burning is initiated between the two tip electrodes and the conductive columns to simulate arc discharge faults; when the conductive column leaves the gap between the two tip electrodes, the electric arc is extinguished, and the frequency or the arcing angle of arc discharge can be adjusted by controlling the rotating speed of the conductive column;
during operation, the grid frequency isf= 50Hz, the rotation speed of the first stepping motor M1 is n (r/s), if the control is to perform arc burning at the peak and the trough of each cycle, the arc burning is performed 2 times per cycle, and when 8 conductive posts are used, the motor rotation speed of the first stepping motor M1 is:
setting the period of arcing tot(s) if the control is to burn at the peak every time, thentIs an integral multiple of 0.01, providedtWhen = 0.1s, the motor speed is:
furthermore, the 10kV single-phase earth fault simulation device structurally further comprises an arc discharge controller; the pulse output end of the arc discharge controller is respectively connected with a first stepping motor M1 and a second stepping motor M2; the control algorithm flow of the arc discharge controller comprises the following steps:
step 1: the upper computer sets the arc light grounding period and the electrical angle;
step 2: the arc discharge controller outputs pulse signals according to a set arc discharge period, and controls the first stepping motor M1 and the second stepping motor M2 to start rotating;
and step 3: the arc discharge controller collects the voltage of the three-phase line of the test circuit, calculates the frequency of the system, adjusts the sampling step length according to the frequency and the sampling rate and stores 64 points of data in each cycle;
and 4, step 4: FFT calculation analysis is carried out on the sampling point of the previous step, and the current amplitude A and the phase position are calculated
；
And 5: the arc discharge controller receives a photoelectric sensor signal and obtains the current position of the insulating disc through signal calculation;
step 6: by the current position of the insulating disc and the current amplitude A and phase of the voltage
Calculating and searching an arc light generating angle;
and 7: and adjusting the output pulse signal according to the arc light generating angle, and changing the rotating speed of the stepping motor.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention supports a plurality of system grounding modes, including a neutral point ungrounded system, a neutral point grounded system through an arc suppression coil, and a neutral point grounded system through a small resistor;
2) the simulation fault types are various, and the simulation of various fault scenes such as single-phase grounding through a transition resistor, stable arc grounding, intermittent arc grounding, broken wire grounding, resistor-arc grounding and the like can be realized;
3) through further design, the fault triggering closing angle can be precisely controlled, and the control precision reaches +/-4.5 degrees;
4) through further design, the fault transition resistance is adjustable in a stepped mode, the ground fault simulation within the range of 0-12700 omega can be realized, the resolution ratio reaches 100 omega, and the metallic/low-resistance/medium-resistance/high-resistance ground fault simulation can be realized;
5) through further design, the electrical characteristic quantity of the fault trigger point can be recorded in real time according to data requirements of fault inversion or research.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a phase-controlled switchgear.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-power resistor cabinet.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of an arc simulator cabinet.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the arc grounding simulation apparatus 14.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the operation principle of the arc grounding simulation device 14 for arc burning.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the arc extinguishing operation of the arc grounding simulation device 14.
Fig. 8 is a schematic flow chart of a control algorithm of the closing angle controller.
Fig. 9 is a schematic connection diagram of a closing angle controller and a high-frequency fault recorder.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the connection relationship between the arc discharge controller and the first stepping motor M1 and the second stepping motor M2.
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an arc discharge controller.
FIG. 12 is a flow chart of a control algorithm for the arc discharge controller.
Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of the closing angle controller.
In the drawing, 1 is an incoming line wall bushing, 2 is a current transformer, 3 is a three-phase five-column voltage transformer, 4 is a phase control switch, 5 is a switch, 6 is a closing angle controller, 7 is a high-frequency fault recorder, 8 is a contact group, 9 is a reserved test interface, 10 is a resistance module bypass switch, 11 is a high-power resistance module, 12 is a resistance switching bypass switch, 13 is a ball screw, 14 is an arc grounding simulation generating device, 15 is an outlet terminal, 16 is a discharge electrode, 17 is an insulating disc, 18 is a conductive column, M1 is a first step motor, M2 is a second step motor, S1 is an a-phase fault trigger switch, S2 is a B-phase fault trigger switch, S3 is a C-phase fault trigger switch, S4 is a first contactor, S5 is a second contactor, S6 is a grounding simulation device bypass switch, S7 is a grounding simulation device input switch, R1 is a first high-power resistance group, r2 is the second high-power resistor group, R3 is the third high-power resistor group, R4 is the fourth high-power resistor group, R5 is the fifth high-power resistor group, R6 is the sixth high-power resistor group, and R7 is the seventh high-power resistor group.
Detailed Description
A10 kV single-phase earth fault simulation device structurally comprises a phase control switch cabinet, a high-power resistor cabinet and an arc light simulation device cabinet; the phase control switch cabinet is characterized in that a wire outlet end of the phase control switch cabinet is connected with a wire inlet end of the high-power resistor cabinet, and the wire outlet end of the high-power resistor cabinet is connected with a wire inlet end of the arc light simulation device cabinet.
The simulation device is suitable for simulating multiple single-phase grounding faults in a 10kV true power distribution network test field, the fault trigger initial phase angle can be accurately set, the fault transition resistance can be adjusted in a multi-stage mode within the range of 0-12700 omega with the resolution of 100 omega, and meanwhile, the simulation device is provided with an arc light grounding simulation device, so that the simulation of multiple fault scenes of single-phase grounding through the transition resistance, stable arc light grounding, intermittent arc light grounding, broken line grounding, resistance-arc light grounding and the like can be realized.
The phase control switch cabinet comprises an incoming line wall bushing 1, a current transformer 2, a three-phase five-column voltage transformer 3, a phase control switch 4, a switch 5, a closing angle controller 6, a high-frequency fault recorder 7 and a contactor group 8; the incoming line wall bushing 1 is connected with a current transformer 2, the current transformer 2 is respectively connected with a three-phase five-column voltage transformer 3 and a phase control switch 4, the phase control switch 4 is connected with a contactor group 8, a reserved test interface 9 is arranged on the contactor group 8, and a closing angle controller 6 and a high-frequency fault recorder 7 are respectively connected with a switch 5 through network cables; the phase-controlled switch cabinet is mainly used for fault triggering of a ground fault simulation test, realizing accurate control of a fault closing angle and recording an electrical characteristic quantity waveform in a test process.
The incoming line wall bushing 1 is used for connecting the single-phase earth fault simulation device to a power grid test position; the current transformer 2 is used for collecting current data of a fault point; the three-phase five-column voltage transformer 3 is used for collecting voltage data of a fault point; the phase control switch 4 is used for accurately controlling a fault trigger initial phase angle; the closing angle controller 6 is used for accurately controlling the closing time of the phase control switch 4; the high-frequency fault recorder 7 is used for collecting electrical characteristic quantity data of a fault point; the set of contacts 8 is used to select either an internal test or an external test; the reserved test interface 9 is used for testing and verifying the access system of the external test grounding simulation device.
The phase control switch 4 comprises three fault trigger switches, the three fault trigger switches are respectively an A-phase fault trigger switch S1, a B-phase fault trigger switch S2 and a C-phase fault trigger switch S3, and a secondary control loop of the phase control switch 4 ensures that only one fault trigger switch is in a closing state at the same time in an electrical interlocking mode, so that short-circuit faults caused by simultaneous closing of a plurality of fault trigger switches are avoided.
The phase-A fault trigger switch S1, the phase-B fault trigger switch S2 and the phase-C fault trigger switch S3 of the phase-controlled switch 4 are all high-precision single-phase vacuum circuit breakers, and the model is selected to be ISM/TEL 12-20/1000-089, so that the rapid switching-on action process and the stable action delay are ensured.
The secondary side terminal of the three-phase five-column voltage transformer 3 is connected with the voltage acquisition terminal of the closing angle controller 6, the secondary side terminal of the current transformer 2 is connected with the current acquisition terminal of the closing angle controller 6, and the switching-on and switching-off contacts of the A-phase fault trigger switch S1, the B-phase fault trigger switch S2 and the C-phase fault trigger switch S3 of the phase control switch 4 are respectively connected with the A-phase remote control switch-off terminal, the B-phase remote control switch-off terminal and the C-phase remote control switch-off terminal of the closing angle controller 6.
The switching-on angle controller 6 acquires a voltage signal of a power grid access point at the incoming line side through the three-phase five-column voltage transformer 3, the switching-on angle controller 6 acquires a current model of a fault point through the current transformer 2, and the accurate synchronization of time is ensured by using IRIG-B time coding time synchronization through the satellite time synchronization device; the switching-on angle controller 6 is used for controlling the phase control switch 4 to switch on at an accurate moment so as to trigger a fault, the switching-on angle controller 6 receives switching-on time and a fault triggering angle instruction sent by an upper computer, collects a voltage signal to monitor a voltage zero crossing point, calculates the switching-on time of the phase control switch according to the voltage zero crossing point after reaching a specified switching-on moment, compensates and corrects through the delay of the switching-on action of the phase control switch set by testing in advance, controls the switching-on of the phase control switch, and ensures that a voltage initial phase angle at the switching-on moment of the phase control switch is an angle set by the upper computer instruction.
The structure principle of the closing angle controller 6 is shown in fig. 13, and the closing angle controller comprises an ARM microprocessor control unit, a communication module, a voltage acquisition module and an output module; the signal input and output end of the output module is in butt joint with the first signal output and input end of the ARM microprocessor control unit, the second signal output and input end of the ARM microprocessor control unit is connected with the signal input and output end of the communication module, and the third signal output and input end of the ARM microprocessor control unit is connected with the signal input and output end of the voltage acquisition module.
The ARM microprocessor control unit is the core of the closing angle controller 6, controls the operation of other modules, and processes data and operation results.
The communication module provides 2 network ports and 2 serial ports, and parameters such as a reference phase, a fault closing angle and the like can be set by upper computer software through a modbus protocol.
The voltage acquisition module comprises a sampling PT with the transformation ratio of 100/3.53V and a 16-bit AD conversion unit, and voltage acquisition is realized.
The switching-off module comprises an A-phase remote control switching-off terminal, a B-phase remote control switching-off terminal and a C-phase remote control switching-off terminal, is respectively connected with the A-phase fault trigger switch S1, the B-phase fault trigger switch S2 and the C-phase fault trigger switch S3, and is used for controlling the switching-on and switching-off of the A-phase fault trigger switch S1, the B-phase fault trigger switch S2 and the C-phase fault trigger switch S3.
The switching-on angle controller 6 is used for closing the remote control output contact of the corresponding phase when the voltage acquisition module acquires the corresponding phase voltage to reach a set angle according to a reference phase and a fault switching-on angle which are set by the upper computer, so that the corresponding phase fault trigger switch is controlled to be switched on; the control algorithm flow chart is shown in fig. 8.
The control algorithm flow of the closing angle controller comprises the following steps:
step 1: receiving a reference phase and a fault switching-on angle set by a local human-computer interface or an upper computer
And storing;
step 2: collecting voltage in real time, calculating frequency of system
And according to frequency
The sampling step length is adjusted according to the size of the sampling rate and 64-point sampling data are stored in each cycle;
and step 3: sampling data for 64 pointsPerforming Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis to calculate amplitude A and initial phase
；
And 4, step 4: when the fault occurs, the amplitude corresponding to the phase point to be searched is
Setting fault closing angle
Then can be based on
Or
Calculating the time of occurrence of the fault
；
And 5: and (3) after the fault occurrence time is found, controlling an opening node corresponding to the opening module to close the fault trigger switch corresponding to the reference set in the step (1), namely realizing the control of the fault closing angle.
The high-frequency fault recorder 7 is mainly used for collecting voltage and current signals of a fault access point, collecting the current model of the fault point through the current transformer 2, and ensuring accurate synchronization of time by using IRIG-B time coding time pair through a satellite time synchronization device; the satellite time synchronizer time setting port is connected with a time setting terminal of a high-frequency fault recorder, a secondary side connecting terminal of a current transformer 2 is connected with a current sampling terminal of the high-frequency fault recorder, and a secondary side connecting terminal of a three-phase five-column voltage transformer 3 is simultaneously connected in parallel with a voltage sampling terminal of the high-frequency fault recorder and a voltage sampling terminal of a closing angle controller 6; the high-frequency fault recorder 7 stores voltage and current waveform files in a standard Comtrade format, so that analysis and playback of fault characteristic quantities after the test is finished are facilitated; the type of the high-frequency fault recorder is preferably FTT 131.
The contact group 8 comprises a first contact S4, a second contact S5; the first contactor S4 and the second contactor S5 are both connected in series with the phase-controlled switch 4, and the first contactor S4 is connected in parallel with the second contactor S5; the first contactor S4 is directly connected with the high-power resistor cabinet, and the second contactor S5 is connected with the high-power resistor cabinet through a reserved test interface 9; the contactor group 8 is used for switching an internal test mode or an external test mode, and when the first contactor S4 is switched on, the system is grounded after passing through the high-power resistor cabinet and the arc light simulation device cabinet; when the second contactor S5 is closed, the system is grounded via a ground fault simulation test device externally accessed by the reserved test interface 9.
The high-power resistor cabinet comprises a resistor module bypass switch 10, a high-power resistor module 11 and a resistor switching bypass switch 12; the resistance module bypass switch 10 is connected in parallel with the whole high-power resistance module 11, the high-power resistance module 11 comprises a plurality of high-power resistance groups, the resistance switching bypass switches 12 are connected in series, and each high-power resistance group is connected in parallel with one resistance switching bypass switch 12.
The resistance module bypass switch 10 preferably adopts a 630A single-phase alternating current contactor, and is mainly used for switching on the resistance module bypass switch 10 when the grounding resistance is set to be 0, so as to bypass the whole high-power resistance module 11, and realize the simulation of the metallic grounding fault.
The high-power resistor module 11 is formed by sequentially connecting a first high-power resistor group R1, a second high-power resistor group R2, a third high-power resistor group R3, a fourth high-power resistor group R4, a fifth high-power resistor group R5, a sixth high-power resistor group R6 and a seventh high-power resistor group R7 in series, each high-power resistor group is formed by a high-power resistor rod with a heat dissipation fin, the resistances of the first high-power resistor group R1, the second high-power resistor group R2, the third high-power resistor group R3, the fourth high-power resistor group R4, the fifth high-power resistor group R5, the sixth high-power resistor group R6 and the seventh high-power resistor group R7 are respectively 100 omega, 200 omega, 400 omega, 800 omega, 1600 omega, 3200 omega and 6400 omega, through different combination modes, the total resistance value of the high-power resistor groups R1-R7 which are sequentially connected in series can be set between 100 omega and 12700 omega with the precision of 100 omega; each high-power resistor group is provided with a resistor switching bypass switch, and the switching of the resistors is realized by controlling the opening and closing of the resistor switching bypass switch; the high-power resistor module 11 uses a high-power heat dissipation fan to perform forced air cooling heat dissipation, ensures that all resistors dissipate heat in time when a large current flows in a simulation fault, is equipped with temperature monitoring, and triggers over-temperature protection when the temperature rise of a corresponding high-power resistor group exceeds a safety threshold value, so that all switches are controlled to be switched off, and the high-power resistor group is prevented from being burnt out due to over-temperature.
The arc grounding simulator cabinet comprises an arc grounding simulator bypass switch S6, an arc grounding simulator input switch S7, an arc grounding simulation generating device 14 and an outlet terminal 15; one end of the arc grounding simulator input switch S7 is connected to the high-power resistor module, the other end of the arc grounding simulator input switch S7 is connected to one end of the arc grounding simulator generation device 14, the other end of the arc grounding simulator generation device 14 is connected to the outlet terminal 15, one end of the arc grounding simulator bypass switch S6 is connected to the high-power resistor module, the other end of the arc grounding simulator bypass switch S6 is connected to the other end of the arc grounding simulator generation device 14, and the arc grounding simulator bypass switch S6 is connected in parallel to the arc grounding simulator input switch S7 and the arc grounding simulator generation device 14.
The arc grounding simulation device bypass switch S6 and the arc grounding simulation device input switch S7 both adopt 10kV single-phase alternating-current contactors, when the arc grounding simulation device bypass switch S6 is switched on and the arc grounding simulation device input switch S7 is switched off, the arc grounding simulation generating device 14 is not input, and at the moment, the system is connected to the ground without passing through the arc grounding simulation generating device 14; when the arc grounding simulation device bypass switch S6 is opened and the arc grounding simulation device input switch S7 is closed, the system is connected to the ground through the arc grounding simulation generation device 14, and the arc grounding simulation generation device 14 is put into use.
The 14 arc grounding simulation device is a device capable of providing intermittent arc electricity prevention for simulating the occurrence of a power distribution network.
The arc grounding simulation device 14 comprises a discharge electrode 16 and an arc discharge device; the discharge electrode comprises two metal electrodes which are oppositely arranged, and the two metal electrodes are preferably copper electrodes; the arc discharge device comprises an insulating disc 17, a plurality of conductive posts 18 and a first stepping motor M1, wherein the conductive posts are uniformly distributed on a concentric circular arc at the edge of the insulating disc, and the insulating disc rotates at a constant speed under the drive of the first stepping motor M1.
The arc discharge device also comprises a ball screw 13 and a second stepping motor M2; the first stepping motor M1 is connected with the ball screw, and the second stepping motor M2 is connected with one end of the ball screw; the second stepping motor M2 can drive the first stepping motor M1 to move back and forth along the length direction of the ball screw 13 through the ball screw 13; when the device works, the insulating disc has two degrees of freedom, the insulating disc is controlled to rotate by the first stepping motor M1, and the first stepping motor M1 and the insulating disc are driven to integrally approach or leave the discharge electrode by the second stepping motor M2 through a ball screw; the arc discharge device is used for simulating arc discharge.
Two metal electrodes in the discharge electrodes are preferably tip electrodes, the tips of the two metal electrodes are opposite, and the two metal electrodes are preferably copper electrodes; the number of the conductive posts is preferably 8; when the arc discharge device works, two tip electrodes are used as discharge electrodes to initiate arc light, an insulating disc driven by a first stepping motor M1 is placed in a gap between the two tip electrodes, 8 conductive columns are uniformly embedded in concentric arcs at the edge of the insulating disc, the insulating disc rotates at a constant speed under the drive of the first stepping motor M1, and when the conductive columns rotate into the gap between the two tip electrodes near the positive and negative half-period peak values of phase voltage by controlling the rotating speed of the insulating disc and the conductive columns, arc burning is initiated between the two tip electrodes and the conductive columns to simulate arc discharge faults; when the conductive column leaves the gap between the two tip electrodes, the electric arc is extinguished, and the frequency or the arcing angle of arc discharge can be adjusted by controlling the rotating speed of the conductive column;
when the invention works, the frequency of the power grid isf= 50Hz, the rotational speed of the first stepper motor M1 is n (r @)s), if control is at every cycle crest, trough arcing, then every cycle arcing 2 times, when adopting 8 to lead electrical pillar, first step motor M1's motor speed is:
setting the period of arcing tot(s) if the control is to burn at the peak every time, thentIs an integral multiple of 0.01, providedtWhen = 0.1s, the motor speed is:
the single-phase earth fault simulation device structurally further comprises an arc discharge controller, wherein the arc discharge controller is responsible for controlling a first stepping motor M1, a second stepping motor M2, an arc ground simulation device bypass switch S6 and an arc ground simulation device input switch S7, receiving fault setting parameters issued by a system management background, and the parameter contents comprise arc ground fault types, discharge periods or frequencies; the arc ground fault types include transition resistance ground, stable arc ground, intermittent arc ground, broken wire ground, resistance-arc ground, non-arc ground, constant arc ground, intermittent arc ground, and the like; the arc discharge controller monitors the voltage of the inlet line at the upper end of the phase-controlled switch cabinet, is used for adjusting the rotating speed of the first stepping motor M1, and ensures that the conductive column enters the electrode gap near the wave crest to ensure arcing.
The pulse output end of the arc discharge controller is respectively connected with the first stepping motor M1 and the second stepping motor M2, so that the rotation control of the stepping motors is realized; the pulse output terminal of the arc discharge controller is respectively connected with the first stepping motor M1 and the second stepping motor M2, and the voltage acquisition terminal of the arc discharge controller is connected with the secondary side terminal of the three-phase five-column voltage transformer 3.
The structural principle of the arc discharge controller is shown in fig. 11, and the arc discharge controller comprises an ARM microprocessor control unit, a communication module, a voltage acquisition module and a pulse output module; the signal input and output end of the pulse output module is in butt joint with the first signal output and input end of the ARM microprocessor control unit, the second signal output and input end of the ARM microprocessor control unit is connected with the signal input and output end of the communication module, and the third signal output and input end of the ARM microprocessor control unit is connected with the signal input and output end of the voltage acquisition module.
The ARM microprocessor control unit is the core of the arc discharge controller, controls the operation of other modules, and processes data and operation results.
The communication module provides 2 net gapes and 2 serial ports, and the accessible host computer software uses the modbus agreement to realize setting parameters such as arc light ground connection mode, discharge cycle.
The voltage acquisition module comprises a sampling PT with the transformation ratio of 100/3.53V and a 16-bit AD conversion unit, and the acquisition of line voltage is realized.
The pulse output module mainly completes pulse control on the first stepping motor M1 and the second stepping motor M2, the ARM microprocessor control unit sends the set corresponding stepping motor position and rotating speed to the pulse output module, and the output terminal of the pulse output module continuously outputs a voltage pulse signal with a certain duty ratio to drive the first stepping motor M1 and the second stepping motor M2 to rotate.
The arc discharge controller controls the rotating speed and the position of the stepping motor according to the arc discharge period set by the upper computer.
As shown in fig. 12, the control algorithm flow of the arc discharge controller includes the following steps:
step 1: the upper computer sets the arc light grounding period and the electrical angle;
step 2: the arc discharge controller outputs pulse signals according to a set arc discharge period, and controls the first stepping motor M1 and the second stepping motor M2 to start rotating;
and step 3: the arc discharge controller collects the voltage of the three-phase line of the test circuit, calculates the frequency of the system, adjusts the sampling step length according to the frequency and the sampling rate and stores 64 points of data in each cycle;
and 4, step 4: for the previous miningFFT calculation analysis is carried out on the sampling points, and the current amplitude A and the phase position are calculated
；
And 5: the arc discharge controller receives a photoelectric sensor signal and obtains the current position of the insulating disc through signal calculation;
step 6: by the current position of the insulating disc and the current amplitude A and phase of the voltage
Calculating and searching an arc light generating angle;
and 7: and adjusting the output pulse signal according to the arc light generating angle, and changing the rotating speed of the stepping motor.
The implementation of the non-arc ground includes: the arc discharge controller closes the bypass switch S7 and controls the second stepper motor M2 to withdraw the insulating disk from the electrode gap.
The implementation of the constant arc ground includes: the arc discharge controller controls the second stepping motor M2, and adjusts the positions of the conductive posts by the first stepping motor M1, so that one of the conductive posts is fixed in the middle of the electrode gap all the time.
The implementation of the intermittent arc ground comprises: the arc discharge controller controls a second stepping motor M2 to ensure that the arc where the conductive column is positioned is just positioned between the electrode gaps of the discharge electrodes; and simultaneously starting a first stepping motor M1, adjusting the rotating speed to be uniform according to the arc discharge period, tracking the phase angle of the incoming line voltage, and ensuring that the conductive column enters the electrode gap near the wave crest of the sine wave.
Two metal electrodes in the discharge electrode are divided into an upper end metal electrode and a lower end metal electrode; the upper end metal electrode incoming line comes from the high-power resistance cabinet and is connected to the line side; the outgoing line of the lower metal electrode is connected to the grounding electrode, the electrode gap of the two metal electrodes is adjustable, and when the conductive column moves to the electrode gap, the gap between the electrode and the conductive column is preferably 2-5 mm.
The invention can support true simulation of typical faults of different neutral point grounding modes of a 10kV power distribution network, such as single-phase transition resistance grounding fault, stable arc grounding fault, intermittent arc grounding fault, disconnection grounding fault, resistance-arc grounding fault and the like; a high-precision single-phase vacuum circuit breaker is adopted, and the precise control of a fault initial phase angle is realized through precise time control, so that the test scene is greatly enriched; the high-frequency wave recorder records and analyzes the fault characteristic waveform in real time, and can provide strong data support for fault inversion and related grounding algorithm research; the fault transition resistance is adjustable in stages, and the size of the fault transition resistance can be customized according to the requirements of users; the simulation of stable arc grounding or intermittent arc grounding is supported, the arc burning and extinguishing time of intermittent arc discharge is controllable, and the discharge frequency is controllable; various abnormal protections in the running process of the invention, such as phase sequence setting abnormal protection, voltage abnormal protection, overcurrent protection, over-temperature protection and the like; the system integration is convenient, and the secondary development is supported.
Claims (10)
1. A10 kV single-phase earth fault simulation device is characterized by comprising a phase control switch cabinet, a high-power resistor cabinet and an arc light simulation device cabinet; the phase control switch cabinet is characterized in that a wire outlet end of the phase control switch cabinet is connected with a wire inlet end of the high-power resistor cabinet, and the wire outlet end of the high-power resistor cabinet is connected with a wire inlet end of the arc light simulation device cabinet.
2. The 10kV single-phase ground fault simulation device according to claim 1, wherein the phase-controlled switch cabinet comprises an incoming line wall bushing (1), a current transformer (2), a three-phase five-column voltage transformer (3), a phase-controlled switch (4), a switch (5), a closing angle controller (6), a high-frequency fault recorder (7) and a contact group (8); the incoming line wall bushing (1) is connected with a current transformer (2), the current transformer (2) is respectively connected with a three-phase five-column voltage transformer (3) and a phase control switch (4), the phase control switch (4) is connected with a contactor group (8), a reserved test interface (9) is arranged on the contactor group (8), and a closing angle controller (6) and a high-frequency fault recorder (7) are respectively connected with a switch (5) through network cables.
3. A 10kV single-phase ground fault simulator according to claim 2, characterized in that the phase-controlled switch (4) comprises three fault-triggered switches, which are an a-phase fault-triggered switch (S1), a B-phase fault-triggered switch (S2), and a C-phase fault-triggered switch (S3); the secondary side terminal of the three-phase five-column voltage transformer (3) is connected with the voltage acquisition terminal of the closing angle controller (6), the secondary side terminal of the current transformer (2) is connected with the current acquisition terminal of the closing angle controller (6), and the closing and opening contacts of the A-phase fault trigger switch (S1), the B-phase fault trigger switch (S2) and the C-phase fault trigger switch (S3) of the phase control switch (4) are respectively connected with the A-phase remote control opening terminal, the B-phase remote control opening terminal and the C-phase remote control opening terminal of the closing angle controller 6.
4. The 10kV single-phase ground fault simulation device according to claim 2, wherein the switching-on angle controller (6) collects a voltage signal of an access point of a power grid at a line inlet side through a three-phase five-column voltage transformer (3), the switching-on angle controller (6) collects a current model of a fault point through a current transformer (2), and a satellite time synchronization device ensures accurate time synchronization by using IRIG-B time coding time pair; the switching-on angle controller (6) is used for controlling the phase control switch (4) to switch on at an accurate moment to trigger faults, the switching-on angle controller (6) receives switching-on time and a fault triggering angle instruction sent by an upper computer, collects a voltage signal to monitor a voltage zero crossing point, calculates the switching-on time of the phase control switch according to the voltage zero crossing point after reaching a specified switching-on moment, performs compensation correction through testing the set switching-on action delay of the phase control switch in advance, controls the switching-on of the phase control switch, and ensures that a voltage initial phase angle at the switching-on moment of the phase control switch is an angle set by the upper computer instruction; the control algorithm flow of the closing angle controller comprises the following steps:
step 1: receiving a reference phase and a fault switching-on angle set by a local human-computer interface or an upper computer
And guaranteeStoring;
step 2: collecting voltage in real time, calculating frequency of system
And according to frequency
The sampling step length is adjusted according to the size of the sampling rate and 64-point sampling data are stored in each cycle;
and step 3: FFT analysis is carried out on 64-point sampling data, and the amplitude A and the initial phase are calculated
；
And 4, step 4: when the fault occurs, the amplitude corresponding to the phase point to be searched is
Setting fault closing angle
Then can be based on
Or
Calculating the time of occurrence of the fault
；
And 5: and (3) after the fault occurrence time is found, controlling an opening node corresponding to the opening module to close the fault trigger switch corresponding to the reference set in the step (1), namely realizing the control of the fault closing angle.
5. A 10kV single-phase ground fault simulation device according to claim 2, wherein the contact set (8) comprises a first contact (S4), a second contact (S5); the first contactor (S4) and the second contactor (S5) are connected with the phase control switch (4) in series, and the first contactor (S4) is connected with the second contactor (S5) in parallel; the first contactor (S4) is directly connected with the high-power resistor cabinet, and the second contactor (S5) is connected with the high-power resistor cabinet through a reserved test interface (9); the contactor group (8) is used for switching an internal test mode or an external test mode, and when the first contactor (S4) is switched on, the system is grounded after passing through the high-power resistor cabinet and the arc light simulation device cabinet; when the second contactor (S5) is closed, the system is grounded through a ground fault simulation test device externally accessed by the reserved test interface (9).
6. The 10kV single-phase ground fault simulation device according to claim 1, wherein the high-power resistor cabinet comprises a resistor module bypass switch (10), a high-power resistor module (11) and a resistor switching bypass switch (12); the high-power resistor module (11) comprises a plurality of high-power resistor groups, the resistor module bypass switches (10) are connected with the whole high-power resistor module (11) in parallel, the resistor switching bypass switches (12) are connected in series in sequence, and each high-power resistor group is connected with one resistor switching bypass switch (12) in parallel.
7. The 10kV single-phase ground fault simulation device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the arc ground simulation device cabinet comprises an arc ground simulation device bypass switch (S6), an arc ground simulation device input switch (S7), an arc ground simulation generation device (14), and an outlet terminal (15); one end of an arc grounding simulation device input switch (S7) is connected with the high-power resistance module, the other end of the arc grounding simulation device input switch (S7) is connected with one end of an arc grounding simulation generating device (14), the other end of the arc grounding simulation generating device (14) is connected with a wire outlet terminal (15), one end of an arc grounding simulation device bypass switch (S6) is connected with the high-power resistance module, the other end of the arc grounding simulation device bypass switch (S6) is connected with the other end of the arc grounding simulation generating device (14), and the arc grounding simulation device bypass switch (S6) is connected with the arc grounding simulation device input switch (S7) and the arc grounding simulation generating device (14) in parallel; when the arc grounding simulation device bypass switch (S6) is switched on and the arc grounding simulation device input switch (S7) is switched off, the arc grounding simulation generating device (14) is not input, and the system is connected to the ground without passing through the arc grounding simulation generating device (14); when the arc grounding simulation device bypass switch (S6) is opened and the arc grounding simulation device input switch (S7) is closed, the system is connected to the ground through the arc grounding simulation generating device (14), and the arc grounding simulation generating device (14) is used.
8. The 10kV single-phase ground fault simulation device according to claim 7, wherein the arc grounding simulation device (14) comprises a discharge electrode (16), an arc discharge device; the discharge electrode comprises two metal electrodes which are oppositely arranged; the arc discharge device comprises an insulating disc (17), a plurality of conductive columns (18) and a first stepping motor (M1), wherein the conductive columns are uniformly distributed on a disc edge concentric arc of the insulating disc, and the insulating disc is driven by the first stepping motor (M1) to rotate at a constant speed.
9. The 10kV single-phase ground fault simulation device according to claim 8, wherein the arc discharge device further comprises a ball screw (13), a second stepping motor (M2); the first stepping motor (M1) is connected with the ball screw, and the second stepping motor (M2) is connected with one end of the ball screw; when the device works, the insulating disc has two degrees of freedom, the insulating disc is controlled to rotate by the first stepping motor (M1), and the first stepping motor (M1) and the insulating disc are driven to integrally approach or separate from the discharge electrode by the second stepping motor (M2) through the ball screw; the arc discharge device is used for simulating arc discharge; two metal electrodes in the discharge electrodes are tip electrodes, the tips of the two metal electrodes are opposite, and the two metal electrodes are copper electrodes; the plurality of conductive posts are (8) conductive posts; when the arc discharge device works, two tip electrodes are used as discharge electrodes to initiate arc light, an insulating disc driven by a first stepping motor (M1) is placed in a gap between the two tip electrodes, 8 conductive columns are uniformly embedded in concentric arcs at the edge of the insulating disc, the insulating disc rotates at a constant speed under the drive of the first stepping motor (M1), and when the conductive columns rotate into the gap between the two tip electrodes near the positive and negative half-period peak values of phase voltage by controlling the rotating speed of the insulating disc and the conductive columns, arc burning is initiated between the two tip electrodes and the conductive columns to simulate arc discharge faults; when the conductive column leaves the gap between the two tip electrodes, the electric arc is extinguished, and the frequency or the arcing angle of arc discharge can be adjusted by controlling the rotating speed of the conductive column;
during operation, the grid frequency isf= 50Hz, the rotation speed of the first stepping motor M1 is n (r/s), if the control is to perform arc burning at the peak and the trough of each cycle, the arc burning is performed 2 times per cycle, and when 8 conductive posts are used, the motor rotation speed of the first stepping motor M1 is:
setting the period of arcing tot(s) if the control is to burn at the peak every time, thentIs an integral multiple of 0.01, providedtWhen = 0.1s, the motor speed is:
10. the 10kV single-phase ground fault simulator of claim 10, further comprising an arc discharge controller; the pulse output end of the arc discharge controller is respectively connected with a first stepping motor (M1) and a second stepping motor (M2); the control algorithm flow of the arc discharge controller comprises the following steps:
step 1: the upper computer sets the arc light grounding period and the electrical angle;
step 2: the arc discharge controller outputs a pulse signal according to a set arc discharge period, and controls a first stepping motor (M1) and a second stepping motor (M2) to start rotating;
and step 3: the arc discharge controller collects the voltage of the three-phase line of the test circuit, calculates the frequency of the system, adjusts the sampling step length according to the frequency and the sampling rate and stores 64 points of data in each cycle;
and 4, step 4: FFT calculation analysis is carried out on the sampling point of the previous step, and the current amplitude A and the phase position are calculated
；
And 5: the arc discharge controller receives a photoelectric sensor signal and obtains the current position of the insulating disc through signal calculation;
step 6: by the current position of the insulating disc and the current amplitude A and phase of the voltage
Calculating and searching an arc light generating angle;
and 7: and adjusting the output pulse signal according to the arc light generating angle, and changing the rotating speed of the stepping motor.
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