CN114273381B - Kitchen waste source treatment equipment and treatment method - Google Patents
Kitchen waste source treatment equipment and treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114273381B CN114273381B CN202210012156.6A CN202210012156A CN114273381B CN 114273381 B CN114273381 B CN 114273381B CN 202210012156 A CN202210012156 A CN 202210012156A CN 114273381 B CN114273381 B CN 114273381B
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Abstract
The invention provides kitchen waste source treatment equipment and a treatment method, the kitchen waste source treatment equipment comprises a machine body, wherein a pretreatment device, a reactor, a waste gas purification device and a control system are arranged in the machine body, and a feeding device is arranged on the side wall of the machine body; the feeding device is matched with a feeding port of the pretreatment device, a discharge port of the pretreatment device is communicated with an inlet of the reactor, and a gas outlet of the reactor is communicated with the waste gas purification device; and the control system is respectively connected with the pretreatment device, the reactor, the waste gas purification device and the feeding device. The kitchen waste source treatment equipment has the advantages of small volume, high reaction efficiency and short production period. The equipment is suitable for source treatment and on-site treatment of kitchen waste production places such as communities, institutions, school canteens, hotels and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a kitchen waste treatment technology, in particular to kitchen waste source treatment equipment and a treatment method.
Background
The kitchen waste is a part of domestic waste, and mainly comprises leftovers, rotten vegetables and fruits, rotten meat, broken bones, eggshells, internal organs, tea leaves and the like. Under the influence of economic level and living habits, the kitchen garbage in China has the characteristics of high organic matter content (the organic matter content accounts for more than 80% of the dry matter mass), high water content (80-90%), high oil content, high salinity and the like, is extremely easy to rot and breed mosquitoes and flies in the storage, collection, transportation and landfill treatment processes, and seriously influences the living environment.
At present, the treatment modes of kitchen waste mainly comprise landfill, incineration, biological treatment and the like, wherein the landfill treatment occupies a large amount of land resources and generates a large amount of garbage percolate which needs secondary treatment; the burning treatment has the most obvious decrement effect, but the kitchen garbage has high water content and low heat value, and can be burnt after dehydration and drying, and simultaneously, a large amount of garbage percolate still can be generated in the dehydration process and needs secondary treatment; due to the characteristics of large kitchen waste yield, high organic matter content and harmfulness and resource, the biological treatment method can effectively utilize the organic matters in the kitchen waste and is increasingly applied to the kitchen waste treatment. Common biological treatment methods are mainly divided into aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation. The aerobic fermentation is to degrade organic matters in the kitchen waste into humus by using microorganisms, the organic matters can be used as organic fertilizers, the process is simple, and simultaneously, a large amount of heat is released during the aerobic fermentation, so that harmful substances such as bacteria, parasites and the like in the waste can be effectively killed, and harmless treatment is realized. Anaerobic fermentation is to convert organic matters in kitchen garbage into methane (methane) through anaerobic microorganisms, the methane can be used as fuel or for power generation, the utilization rate is high, but the process is complex, and the anaerobic fermentation device is usually combined with a generator set and is suitable for large-scale treatment occasions.
With the comprehensive and accelerated implementation of the domestic garbage forced classification system in China, the traditional unified collection, unified clearing and centralized treatment modes cannot ensure that the kitchen garbage is conveyed to a terminal for treatment in a short time, and the kitchen garbage is easy to rot and deteriorate, breeding mosquitoes and flies and seriously polluting the environment; meanwhile, the kitchen waste has high water content, and has serious leakage during collection and transportation, which causes secondary pollution during transportation and has high transit and transportation cost. At present, many areas which carry out garbage classification begin to explore the on-site dispersion, distributed treatment and resource recycling of classified kitchen garbage in communities, living communities, institutions, schools, hospitals, parks, hotels and the like. The traditional aerobic fermentation process (such as a groove type and a silo type) is simple to operate, high in resource utilization rate and good in harmless effect, is relatively suitable for kitchen waste treatment, but has the defects of large floor area, long production period and the like in application, and is more suitable for large-scale centralized treatment of kitchen waste and is not suitable for source treatment occasions with limited space. At present, the biochemical treatment machine with an electric heating function in the standard CJ/T227-2018 organic garbage biological treatment machine is mainly applied to kitchen garbage source treatment, the equipment utilizes an electric heating mode to dehydrate and dry materials for the main purpose of reduction, the treatment speed is high, the reduction effect is good, the treatment energy consumption is high, and the resource utilization rate of the kitchen garbage is not high.
Aiming at the social requirement, the kitchen waste source treatment device with low energy consumption, high resource utilization rate, fast production period and small equipment volume is invented, is favorable for better matching the policy background of forced classification of the current production waste, solves the blockage and difficulty of kitchen waste treatment in waste classification, realizes source treatment and on-site treatment of the kitchen waste, and promotes smooth implementation and practical effect of a household waste classification system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide kitchen waste source treatment equipment which is small in size, high in reaction efficiency and short in production period and aims to solve the problems that when kitchen waste is subjected to source treatment after the traditional household waste classification, an aerobic fermentation process is long in production period and large in occupied area, and a biochemical treatment machine is high in energy consumption and low in organic matter resource utilization rate. The equipment is suitable for source treatment and on-site treatment of kitchen waste production places such as communities, institutions, school canteens, hotels and the like.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: kitchen waste source treatment equipment comprises a machine body, wherein a pretreatment device, a reactor, a waste gas purification device and a control system are arranged in the machine body, and a feeding device is arranged on the side wall of the machine body; the feeding device is matched with a feeding port of the pretreatment device, a discharge port of the pretreatment device is communicated with an inlet of the reactor, and a gas outlet of the reactor is communicated with the waste gas purification device; and the control system is respectively connected with the pretreatment device, the reactor, the waste gas purification device and the feeding device. The organism is the steel construction, plays the installation of equipment fixed, support, protection and decoration effect. The feeding device is used for automatically lifting the materials to the position of a feeding hole of the equipment, and weighing and metering the materials in the process. The pretreatment device is used for pretreating, dehydrating, deoiling and crushing kitchen waste, so that the material is in a state suitable for aerobic fermentation (the optimal water content is about 60%), and the reaction efficiency is improved. The high-temperature roller of the reactor rotates under the action of the driving device, the pretreated material is mixed with the microbial agent in the roller and undergoes dynamic aerobic fermentation reaction, and the sealing device prevents the material from leaking from the two ends of the roller in the rotating process. The induced draft fan of the waste gas purification device enables the interior of the reactor to form a micro-negative pressure environment, and the waste gas generated by fermentation is led out and discharged from an exhaust pipeline after dust removal and deodorization treatment; the operator accessible control system's control panel carries out various operations to equipment, and equipment is controlled by control software, and production process is automatic, and various parameters such as automatic record reaction temperature, reaction time, material weight have the remote communication function, can upload to the high in the clouds with data, realizes the big data of thing networking. The kitchen waste source treatment equipment adopts an integrated design, all functional units are arranged in the base or the frame, the volume of the equipment is greatly reduced, and the kitchen waste source treatment equipment is more suitable for the requirement of limited kitchen waste source treatment space.
Further, the machine body comprises a base, a frame support and an outer panel, the base is a structural member welded by section steel, and the pretreatment device, the reactor and the waste gas purification device are respectively arranged on the base; the frame support is a welded structural part and is formed by welding square tubes, angle steel and the like, and the frame support is used as a frame support for panel installation and is fixed on the base; the outer panel is a stainless steel sheet metal structure, and the surface of the outer panel is treated by painting or plastic spraying and is fixed on the frame bracket to play roles in external decoration and safety protection.
Further, the feeding device comprises a lifting device and a weighing device arranged at the bottom of the lifting device, the weighing device is used for weighing and metering materials, the measured data can be uploaded to a control system for statistics, and the weighing device comprises but is not limited to a pressure sensor; the lifting device is installed on the frame support and comprises a driving motor, a chain transmission structure, a hanging mechanism and a stroke limit device, wherein the hanging mechanism is fixed on a chain link of a chain, the hanging mechanism positions and locks the garbage can after the standard garbage can filled with kitchen garbage is pushed in place, the driving motor drives the chain to move through the chain transmission structure (chain wheel) at the shaft end, the hanging mechanism lifts the garbage can to a specified position along a guide rail and triggers the stroke limit switch, the driving motor stops, the kitchen garbage in the garbage can falls down under the action of gravity and is poured into the hopper, and the lifting height is adjusted by adjusting the position of the limit switch.
Further, the pretreatment device comprises a hopper, a dehydration and deoiling device, an oil-water separation device and a pipeline, wherein the hopper is a stainless steel structural member, the top of the hopper is provided with an openable cover plate, and a discharge port at the bottom of the hopper is connected with the dehydration and deoiling device; the dehydration and deoiling device adopts an extrusion dehydration structure, water and grease in the kitchen garbage flow out through an outer filter screen in the extrusion process, the dehydrated and deoiled dry material enters a reactor from a discharge port for fermentation, and the separated oil-water mixture enters an oil-water separation device; the oil-water separation device is a stainless steel structural member, an oil storage tank is arranged in the oil-water separation device, oil-water mixture is subjected to oil-water separation in the separation device, a top oil layer enters the oil storage tank through overflow for storage and is periodically discharged, and bottom wastewater flows out through a water discharge port; the water outlet of the oil-water separation device is connected with a sewage pipe network through a pipeline.
Furthermore, the dehydration and deoiling device adopts a shaftless variable-pitch spiral structure, and the shaftless variable-pitch spiral structure enables the materials to be gradually compressed in the conveying process by changing the pitch of the spiral blades, so that the extrusion, dehydration and crushing of the materials are realized; the invention adopts a shaftless spiral structure, removes the central shaft and the end part support of the spiral blade, can effectively avoid the winding and blocking phenomena of sundries (not more than 10 percent by weight) such as plastics, metals, bones and the like mixed in kitchen garbage in the extrusion process, and has better adaptability to materials; lower screw speeds may reduce end-to-end jitter of shaftless screws.
Furthermore, the dehydration and deoiling device is provided with an automatic flushing structure, a row of flushing nozzles are axially arranged on the outer side of the filter screen, when the filter screen is blocked, the nozzles can be started to perform backwashing on the filter screen, and the filter screen is cleaned to prevent the filter screen from being blocked.
Further, an oil storage tank in the oil-water separator is provided with a liquid level alarm structure, and when the oil amount in the oil storage tank reaches a high level, automatic alarm is given to prompt an operator to timely empty the oil storage tank.
Further, the reactor comprises a high-temperature roller, a driving device, a supporting roller and a sealing device, wherein the high-temperature roller is a hollow cylinder, and dynamic aerobic fermentation can be realized in the high-temperature roller; the stirring plates are arranged inside the wall of the hollow cylinder, so that materials are stirred more uniformly when the cylinder rotates, the outer gear ring is arranged outside the wall of the cylinder and is meshed with a gear in the driving device for transmission, and the heat-insulating layer is arranged outside the whole high-temperature cylinder, so that the heat loss in the reactor is reduced; the driving device is used for driving the high-temperature roller to rotate and comprises a motor, a speed reducer and a transmission system which are connected in sequence, the driving device is arranged on the base, and the high-temperature roller is driven by the motor to rotate at a specified rotating speed through the speed reducer and the transmission system; the supporting carrier rollers are used for supporting the high-temperature roller and comprise two groups of carrier roller devices which are respectively arranged on the base and close to the two ends of the roller, and the supporting roller rotates at a certain height; sealing device is fish scaly radial moving sealing piece, the scaly moves the sealing piece and installs at high temperature cylinder both ends, along with high temperature cylinder together rotatory, is equipped with sealed end plate on the frame at high temperature cylinder both ends, moves the sealing piece and forms line contact with sealed ring on the end plate and seals, and the material is followed the cylinder both ends and is leaked when preventing that the cylinder from rotating.
Furthermore, the reactor adopts a non-central feeding and discharging design, the feed inlet and the discharge outlet at two ends of the roller are both higher than the central axis of the roller, and the feed inlet is higher than the discharge outlet. The traditional central design is that the material inlet and outlet are both positioned on the central shaft of the roller, the sealing device is simple in structure and short in sealing length, but the material can only be filled to the center of the roller at most, the effective filling rate is less than 50%, the material inlet and the material outlet at two ends of the roller are both higher than the central shaft of the roller, and the material inlet is higher than the material outlet, so that the blockage of the material inlet due to the accumulation of the material during feeding is prevented, the material can be filled with more than 70% of the volume of the roller, the effective filling rate of the material in the roller is improved, the processing capacity is increased under the condition that the equipment volume is limited, the sealing performance of the roller is ensured through the sealing devices arranged at two ends, and the leakage of the material is prevented.
Furthermore, a plurality of sensors (including but not limited to detection devices such as a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and an oxygen content sensor) are arranged in the reactor, real-time state detection is carried out on the materials in the reactor, judgment is carried out through control system software, corresponding motors (such as a roller driving motor, a dehydration driving motor and an induced draft fan) are adjusted to act as required, closed-loop automatic control is formed, and the materials in the reactor are ensured to be always under the optimal reaction condition so as to improve the reaction efficiency.
Furthermore, the reactor is externally provided with an integral external heat insulation to reduce heat loss, reduce the influence of the external environment on the reaction process and enhance the applicability of the equipment.
Further, exhaust gas purification device includes dust collector, deodorizing device, draught fan and exhaust pipe. Because the kitchen garbage source treatment equipment adopts dynamic aerobic fermentation, a large amount of dust is easily generated in the stirring process of materials, and the waste gas purification device is required to be provided with a dust removal device so as to ensure the normal operation of subsequent equipment. The gravity type dust collection device is characterized in that the dust collection device is a filter type dust collector or a gravity type dust collector, the filter type dust collector is a filter screen or a cloth bag, the gravity type dust collector is a settling chamber, the filter type dust collector has a good dust collection effect, but the system resistance is large, the filter screen needs to be cleaned regularly, the gravity type dust collection device is simple in structure, does not need to be cleaned and maintained, but is not as good as the filter type dust collection device in dust collection effect, and can be selected according to actual needs; the deodorizing device selects spray deodorization and active carbon adsorption, and ammonia (NH) is used in waste gas generated by aerobic fermentation of kitchen garbage 3 ) Hydrogen sulfide (H) 2 S) and a small amount of organic volatile compounds (VOCs) are taken as main materials, absorption liquid is selected to carry out spray washing on the main materials, waste gas after adsorption treatment by activated carbon can meet the corresponding environmental protection standard regulation, and the absorption liquid can be recycled and supplemented regularly; the induced draft fan leads the waste gas out of the reactor and ensures that the reactor is always in a micro negative pressure state,the pollution caused by the overflow of waste gas and fly ash to the surrounding environment is avoided; and the exhaust pipeline discharges the treated waste gas and the excess air up to the standard.
Furthermore, the control system comprises a control panel, a hardware system and a software system, the operator controls and operates the equipment through the control panel, the control panel can select a mechanical key type or a liquid crystal touch screen, and buttons with corresponding functions are arranged on the control panel so as to operate the functions of each part respectively; the hardware system comprises various electrical elements such as a PLC (programmable logic controller), a relay, temperature and humidity detection and the like, and realizes real-time detection of the running state of the equipment; the software system is the dedicated control system software of this equipment, carries out closed-loop control through the detection to the equipment state, guarantees that reaction condition is optimum in the reactor, and this control software has the remote communication function, can upload each item data parameter of this equipment to the high in the clouds, forms thing networking big data.
Furthermore, all parts (such as a hopper, a reactor, a pretreatment device and the like) which are contacted with the kitchen waste, the waste water and the waste gas in the kitchen waste source treatment equipment are made of stainless steel materials, so that the kitchen waste source treatment equipment is corrosion-resistant and acid-alkali-resistant; the rest parts (such as the base and the like) are made of high-quality carbon steel materials, and surface treatment is carried out, so that the integral strength of the equipment is ensured, and the equipment is rust-proof. The draught fan is made of corrosion-resistant materials, and the exhaust pipeline is made of stainless steel pipes or PVC pipes.
Furthermore, the driving motor (roller rotation), the induced draft fan and the pretreatment driving motor used in the kitchen waste source treatment equipment all adopt variable frequency motors, and the control system can carry out stepless speed regulation according to the requirements.
The invention also discloses a kitchen garbage source treatment method, which comprises the following steps:
feeding: lifting the garbage can filled with the kitchen waste to a specified height through a feeding device, and pouring the garbage in the garbage can into a hopper;
pretreatment: the kitchen waste enters the pretreatment device from the hopper for extrusion dehydration, water, grease and salt in the kitchen waste are discharged through the filter screen, the discharged oil-water mixture enters the oil-water separator from the bottom water outlet and stands still in the oil-water separator for layering, the kitchen waste can be further crushed in the extrusion dehydration process, and the pretreated material is discharged from the discharge port and enters the high-temperature roller of the reactor;
high-temperature fermentation: the pretreated materials are uniformly mixed with old materials under the action of the rotation of the high-temperature roller and the shifting plate, and high-temperature aerobic fermentation is carried out; the temperature, humidity and oxygen content sensors in the reactor detect the material state in real time, judge the material state through a control system and control corresponding motor actions in a linkage manner; the waste gas and the excess air generated by fermentation are led out from the air outlet to a waste gas purification device under the action of a draught fan, and are discharged after reaching standards after dust removal, deodorization and adsorption treatment;
discharging: the material increases in the material loading in-process cylinder, and the material level risees, and the discharge end material overflows through the discharge gate on the tip closing plate, and the discharged material falls into in the groove that gathers materials.
Further, the kitchen waste source treatment method comprises the following steps:
s1, equipment starting: starting the kitchen waste source treatment equipment or confirming that the kitchen waste source treatment equipment is in a normal working state, and each functional unit is in a standby state.
S2, feeding: the operator pushes the standard garbage bin that is equipped with rubbish from cooking to the appointed loading position of loading attachment, promotes through control panel operation, and the garbage bin automatic lifting to appointed height, limit switch triggers, promotes the motor and stops, and the hopper top cap is opened, and in the hopper was poured to rubbish in the bucket, the operator resets through control panel operation hoisting device, puts aside empty garbage bin and will be equipped with the new garbage bin push of material and put in place, repeats aforementioned operation until all material loadings are accomplished.
S3, pretreatment: kitchen garbage gets into preprocessing device from the hopper feed opening in, carries out the extrusion dehydration under shaftless spiral's effect, passes through the filter screen with a large amount of moisture in the kitchen garbage and grease, salinity and discharges, and discharged oil-water mixture gets into oil water separator from the bottom delivery port to the layering of stewing in oil water separator, upper waste oil gets into the oil storage tank through the overflow weir, and lower floor's waste water is discharged through the bottom outlet. The material can be further crushed in the process of extrusion dehydration, and the pretreated material is discharged from the discharge port and enters the reactor.
S4, high-temperature fermentation: the pretreated materials enter the high-temperature roller from the feed inlet positioned at the upper side of the roller, are uniformly mixed with the old materials under the action of the rotation of the roller and the shifting plate, and start to perform high-temperature aerobic fermentation. A plurality of temperature, humidity and oxygen content sensors are arranged in the reactor, the material state is detected in real time and is judged through a control system, and corresponding motors (such as a roller driving motor, a dehydration driving motor, an induced draft fan and the like) are controlled in a linkage mode to act, so that the reaction efficiency is ensured. And the waste gas and the excess air generated by fermentation are led out from the air outlet to a waste gas purification device under the action of a draught fan, and are discharged after dust removal, deodorization and adsorption treatment.
S5, discharging: the interior material of material loading in-process cylinder increases, and the material level risees, and the discharge end material overflows through the discharge gate on the tip closing plate, and the discharged material falls into the groove that gathers materials in, by operating personnel regularly taking out. The discharged materials are harmless after 3-5 days of high-temperature fermentation, and can be used as organic fertilizer matrix soil.
Furthermore, the kitchen waste source treatment method decomposes organic matters in the kitchen waste into carbon dioxide and water by an aerobic fermentation principle, and converts the rest organic matters into organic fertilizer matrix rich in humus, so that the kitchen waste source treatment method can be further used for soil improvement and garden planting. The treatment process has obvious decrement, the utilization rate of organic matters can reach over 90 percent, and the resource utilization rate is high.
Furthermore, the heat generated in the high-temperature fermentation reaction process can heat the materials to be more than 55-70 ℃, and bacteria, viruses and parasitic ova in the materials are killed and killed by the high temperature, so that harmlessness is realized; the integral external heat preservation arranged outside the reactor can reduce heat loss, reduce the influence of the external environment on the reaction process and enhance the applicability of equipment.
Furthermore, the kitchen waste source treatment method adopts the high-temperature roller as the reactor, the fermentation process is high-temperature aerobic dynamic fermentation, the reaction efficiency is high, the reaction temperature is kept by means of heat generated by the aerobic fermentation, and extra electric energy consumption for heating is not needed.
Furthermore, the reactor is kept in a micro negative pressure state in the operation process, so that the malodorous gas is prevented from being dissipated to the surrounding environment.
Furthermore, materials in the reactor are not emptied in the production process, the sufficient quantity of microorganisms is ensured by mixing new materials and old materials, and the microbial agent is not required to be supplemented in the operation process.
The kitchen waste source treatment equipment and the treatment method are specially aimed at the market demands of kitchen waste source treatment and on-site treatment, and in the application scene, compared with the existing traditional aerobic fermentation and biochemical treatment machine technology, the kitchen waste source treatment equipment and the treatment method have obvious advantages and beneficial effects. By the technical scheme, the kitchen waste source treatment equipment and the treatment method have at least one of the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1) The equipment has small volume and high reaction efficiency. Although the traditional aerobic fermentation process is simple to operate, low in energy consumption, good in harmless effect and high in resource utilization rate, the production cycle is long (the reaction cycle is 7-15 days or even longer), the occupied area of equipment is large, and the equipment cannot be applied to source treatment occasions such as living communities, institutions, schools, hospitals, parks, hotels and the like. Specific alignment ratios are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 comparison of the present invention with a conventional tank fermenter
| Contrast item | The invention | Tank fermentation |
| Time of fermentation | 2-5 days | 15-20 days |
| Floor area | A (Rice) | Not less than 4A (plain rice) |
| Odor treatment amount | Q | ≥10Q |
| Investment in equipment | 1 | 1.5 |
| Service life | 8-10 years old | 5-8 years old |
2) Low energy consumption and high resource utilization rate. The kitchen waste source treatment equipment has the characteristics of low energy consumption of aerobic fermentation reaction, high resource utilization rate and the like, and because the degradation process of the kitchen waste is completely guided by microbial reaction, extra energy consumption for heating is not needed, and under the same treatment capacity, the equipment only has one tenth of the energy consumption of a commonly adopted electric heating type biochemical treatment machine, so that the equipment is cleaner and more environment-friendly.
3) The design of full sealing and no secondary pollution. The kitchen waste source treatment equipment adopts a reactor full-sealed design and operates under micro negative pressure, dynamic sealing devices at two ends of the reactor ensure that materials cannot be scattered and leaked, the negative pressure operation state ensures that odor generated in the aerobic fermentation process cannot be dissipated into the surrounding environment to cause pollution, and a deodorization device is arranged in the equipment to remove dust, deodorize and purify the generated odor and then discharge the odor without secondary pollution.
4) High automation degree and simple operation. The kitchen waste source treatment equipment adopts a special software system for control, automatically detects the material state in the reactor and performs closed-loop control, a user does not need any other intervention except button control feeding, automatically detects the material state through various sensors, and forms closed-loop control through special system software.
5) The resource utilization rate is high, and the clearing cost is reduced. The kitchen waste source treatment equipment adopts the aerobic fermentation principle to convert organic matters in the kitchen waste into carbon dioxide and discharge water, the remainder is an organic fertilizer matrix rich in humus, and the higher the content of the organic matters in the kitchen waste is, the more obvious the reduction is and the higher the utilization rate is. If the kitchen garbage generating source can not completely utilize the organic fertilizer matrix, the transportation cost of outward transportation is also greatly reduced.
6) Has strong adaptability and wide application range. The kitchen waste source treatment equipment and the treatment method are used for source treatment of kitchen waste, have good material adaptability, cannot degrade impurities such as plastics, metals and shells mixed in the kitchen waste, but do not influence normal production, and can also be used for source treatment of other organic solid wastes such as poultry and livestock excrement, agricultural wastes and garden wastes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view and partial cross-sectional view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an overall right side view of the invention.
Fig. 3 is an overall top view of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a structural view of the deodorizing means.
FIG. 5 is a view showing the construction of the pretreatment apparatus.
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing center discharge with non-center discharge of the drum apparatus.
The device comprises a machine body 1, a base 11, a frame support 12, an outer panel 13, a feeding device 2, a weighing device 21, a lifting device 22, a driving motor 221, a chain transmission structure 222, a hanging mechanism 223, a stroke limit 224, a pretreatment device 3, a hopper 31, a dehydration and deoiling device 32, a shaftless screw 321, a filter screen 322, an oil-water separator 33, a pipeline 34, a reactor 4, a high-temperature roller 41, a detection device 411, a driving device 42, a supporting roller 43, a sealing device 44, an exhaust gas purification device 5, a dust removal device 51, a deodorization device 52, a spray pipe 521, a tower body 522, a filler 523, a grid 524, an air inlet 525, a sewage outlet 526, a circulating pipeline 527, an inspection port 528, a circulating pump 529, an induced draft fan 53, an exhaust pipe 54, an activated carbon adsorption 55, a control system 6, a control panel 61, a hardware system 62 and a software system 63.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example one
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the kitchen waste source processing equipment provided in this embodiment mainly comprises a machine body 1, a feeding device 2, a pretreatment device 3, a reactor 4, a waste gas purification device 5, a control system 6, and the like.
The main body of the machine body 1 is of a steel structure and comprises a base 11, a frame support 12 and an outer panel 13, wherein the base 11 and the frame support 12 are welded by adopting section steel and are mainly used for mounting and fixing other internal equipment, and the outer panel 13 is a stainless steel sheet metal part and plays a role in integral protection and attractive decoration.
The feeding device 2 comprises a weighing device 21 and a lifting device 22, wherein the lifting device 22 is mainly responsible for automatically lifting the material to a position above a feeding hole of the equipment so as to facilitate feeding, and the weighing device 21 is responsible for weighing and metering the material in the lifting process. The lifting device 22 is installed on the frame support 12 and comprises a driving motor 221, a chain transmission structure 222, a hanging mechanism 223 and a limit switch 224, wherein the hanging mechanism 223 is fixed on a chain link of a chain, after a standard garbage can containing kitchen waste is pushed to be in place, the hanging mechanism 223 positions and locks the garbage can, the driving motor 221 drives the chain to move through a chain wheel at a shaft end, the hanging mechanism 223 lifts the garbage can to a specified position along a guide rail and triggers the stroke limit switch, the driving motor stops, the kitchen waste in the garbage can falls down under the action of gravity and is poured into a hopper, and the lifting height is adjusted by adjusting the position of the limit switch 224.
As shown in fig. 5, the pretreatment device 3 includes a hopper 31, a dehydration and deoiling device 32, an oil-water separator 33 and a pipeline 34, and is responsible for performing pretreatment such as dehydration, deoiling and crushing on the kitchen waste to reduce the water content of the kitchen waste to about 60%, and is more suitable for aerobic fermentation to improve the reaction efficiency. The hopper 31 is a stainless steel structural member, the top of the hopper is provided with a cover plate which can be opened and closed, and a discharge hole at the bottom of the hopper is connected with a dehydration and deoiling device 32; the dehydration deoiling device 32 adopts the principle of extrusion dehydration, water and grease in the kitchen garbage flow out through the outer filter screen 322 in the extrusion process, the dehydrated and deoiled dry material enters the 4 reactor from the discharge port for fermentation, and the separated oil-water mixture enters the oil-water separator 33; an oil storage tank is arranged in the oil-water separator 33, oil-water separation is carried out on an oil-water mixture in the separation device, a top oil layer enters the oil storage tank through overflow for storage and is periodically discharged, and bottom wastewater flows out through a water discharge port; one end of the pipeline 34 is connected with a water outlet of the oil-water separator 33, and the other end is connected with a sewage pipe network.
The dehydration and deoiling device adopts a structure of a shaftless variable-pitch screw, and the shaftless variable-pitch screw structure enables the material to be gradually compressed in the conveying process by changing the pitch of the screw blades, so that the extrusion, dehydration and crushing of the material are realized; the invention adopts a shaftless spiral structure, removes the central shaft and the end part support of the spiral blade, can effectively avoid the winding and blocking phenomena of sundries such as plastics, metal, bones and the like mixed in kitchen garbage in the extrusion process, and has better adaptability to materials; lower screw speeds may reduce end jitter of shaftless screws.
The dehydration deoiling device is provided with an automatic flushing structure, a row of flushing nozzles are axially arranged on the outer side of the filter screen, when the filter screen is blocked, the nozzles can be started to perform backwashing on the filter screen, and the filter screen is cleaned to prevent the filter screen from being blocked.
The oil storage tank in the oil-water separator is provided with a liquid level alarm structure, and when the oil amount in the oil storage tank reaches a high level, the oil level alarm structure automatically alarms to prompt an operator to empty the oil storage tank in time.
The 4-stage reactor comprises a high-temperature roller 41, a driving device 42, a supporting roller 43 and a sealing device 44, pretreated materials are mixed with a microbial agent in the high-temperature roller 41 and subjected to dynamic aerobic fermentation reaction, the high-temperature roller 41 rotates under the action of the driving device 42 and the supporting roller 43, and the sealing device 44 prevents the materials from leaking from two ends in the rotating process. Wherein high temperature cylinder 41 is the hollow circular cylinder structure, is equipped with detection device 411 on the center pin for measure the various states of the inside material of cylinder 41, detection device 411 includes but not limited to various automatic checkout device such as temperature sensor, humidity transducer, oxygen content sensor, carries out real-time state detection to the material in the reactor, and judge through control system software, adjust corresponding motor (like drum driving motor, dehydration driving motor, draught fan etc.) action as required, form closed loop automatic control, guarantee that the material is in under the best reaction condition all the time in the reactor, with improvement reaction efficiency. The inner cylinder wall of the high-temperature roller 41 is provided with a plurality of stirring plates, so that materials are stirred more uniformly when the roller rotates, the outer cylinder wall is provided with an outer gear ring, and the outside of the whole high-temperature roller 41 is provided with a heat-insulating layer, so that the heat loss in the reactor is reduced; the driving device 42 comprises a motor, a speed reducer and a transmission system and is arranged on the base 11; the support idler 43 comprises two sets of idler devices, which are respectively mounted on the base 11; the sealing device 44 is a scale type radial dynamic sealing structure, scale type dynamic sealing sheets are arranged at two ends of the high-temperature roller 41 and rotate together with the high-temperature roller 41, fixed sealing end plates are arranged on frames at two ends of the roller, and the dynamic sealing sheets and sealing rings on the end plates form line contact sealing to prevent materials from leaking from two ends of the roller when the roller rotates.
The reactor adopts a non-central feeding and discharging design, the feeding hole and the discharging hole at the two ends of the roller are both higher than the central axis of the roller, and the feeding hole is higher than the discharging hole, as shown in figure 6. The traditional central design is that the material inlet and outlet are both positioned on the central shaft of the roller, the sealing device is simple in structure and short in sealing length, but the material can only be filled to the center of the roller at most, the effective filling rate is less than 50%, the material inlet and the material outlet at two ends of the roller are both higher than the central shaft of the roller, and the material inlet is higher than the material outlet, so that the blockage of the material inlet due to the accumulation of the material during feeding is prevented, the material can be filled with more than 70% of the volume of the roller, the effective filling rate of the material in the roller is improved, the processing capacity is increased under the condition that the equipment volume is limited, the sealing performance of the roller is ensured through the sealing devices arranged at two ends, and the leakage of the material is prevented.
As shown in fig. 4, the 5-stage waste gas purification device comprises a dust removal device 51, a deodorization device 52, an induced draft fan 53 and a vent pipe 54, wherein the induced draft fan 53 leads out air in the 4-stage reactor and waste gas generated by fermentation, and the waste gas is discharged from the vent pipe 54 after dust removal and deodorization treatment. Wherein, the dust removing device 51 adopts filtering type dust removal, the dust removing filter element is formed by folding and welding a stainless steel filter screen with a certain aperture, and the filter element can be taken out and repeatedly used after being washed; the deodorization device 52 selects a treatment mode of circularly spraying biological spraying liquid, waste gas dedusted by the dedusting device 51 enters the tower body 522 from the gas inlet 525, spraying liquid medicine is sprayed out from the spraying pipe 521 through the circulating pipeline 527 under the action of the circulating pump 529, the liquid medicine is sprayed on the filler 523, the waste gas reversely flows through the filler 523 under the action of the induced draft fan 53 and reacts with the spraying liquid on the surface of the filler 523, malodorous components in the waste gas are absorbed, and the waste gas passing through the filler is further purified by the activated carbon adsorption 55 and then is discharged from the exhaust pipe 54. The grille 524 is responsible for the support of the packing 523 and allows the spray liquid and the exhaust gas to pass through. The spraying liquid on the surface of the filler 523 penetrates through the filler layer by layer under the action of gravity, falls into the bottom of the tower body 522, and is sprayed again in a circulating mode through the circulating pump 529. The access hole 528 is mainly used for operations such as filler replacement and addition of deodorant liquid medicine, and is convenient to open.
6 control system includes control panel 61, hardware system 62 and software system 63, and operator's accessible control panel 61 carries out various operations to equipment, and equipment is controlled by dedicated software system 63, and production process is automatic, and various parameters such as automatic record reaction temperature, reaction time, material weight have the remote communication function, can upload the data to the high in the clouds, realize the big data of thing networking.
Example two
The invention provides kitchen waste source treatment equipment and a specific operation method applied by the same, wherein the specific operation method comprises the following steps:
in the first step, the device starts. Starting the kitchen waste source treatment equipment or confirming that the kitchen waste source treatment equipment is in a normal working state, and all functional units are in a standby state.
And secondly, feeding. The operator pushes the standard garbage bin filled with kitchen garbage to the specified loading position of the feeding device, the standard garbage bin is lifted by the control panel, the garbage bin is automatically lifted to a specified height, the limit switch is triggered, the lifting motor is stopped, the top cover of the hopper is opened, the garbage in the bin is poured into the hopper, the operator operates the lifting device to reset through the control panel, the empty garbage bin is removed, a new garbage bin filled with materials is pushed in place, and the operation is repeated until all materials are loaded.
And thirdly, preprocessing. Kitchen garbage gets into preprocessing device from the hopper feed opening in, carries out the extrusion dehydration under shaftless spiral's effect, passes through the filter screen with a large amount of moisture in the kitchen garbage and grease, salinity and discharges, and discharged oil-water mixture gets into oil water separator from the bottom delivery port to the layering of stewing in oil water separator, upper waste oil gets into the oil storage tank through the overflow weir, and lower floor's waste water is discharged through the bottom outlet. The material can be further crushed in the process of extrusion dehydration, and the pretreated material is discharged from a discharge port and enters a reactor.
Fourthly, fermenting at high temperature. The pretreated materials enter the high-temperature roller from the feed inlet positioned at the upper side of the roller, are uniformly mixed with the old stored materials under the action of the rotation of the roller and the shifting plate, and start to perform high-temperature aerobic fermentation. A plurality of temperature, humidity and oxygen content sensors are arranged in the reactor, the material state is detected in real time and is judged through a control system, and corresponding motor actions are controlled in a linkage mode, so that the reaction efficiency is guaranteed. And the waste gas and the excess air generated by fermentation are led out from the air outlet to a waste gas purification device under the action of a draught fan, and are discharged after dust removal, deodorization and adsorption treatment.
Fifthly, discharging: the interior material of material loading in-process cylinder increases, and the material level risees, and the discharge end material overflows through the discharge gate on the tip closing plate, and the discharged material falls into the groove that gathers materials in, by operating personnel regularly taking out. The discharged materials are harmless after being fermented for 3 to 5 days at high temperature and can be used as organic fertilizer matrix soil.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A kitchen waste source treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
feeding: lifting the garbage can filled with the kitchen waste to a specified height through a feeding device, and pouring the garbage in the garbage can into a hopper;
pretreatment: the kitchen waste enters the pretreatment device from the hopper for extrusion dehydration, water, grease and salt in the kitchen waste are discharged through the filter screen, the discharged oil-water mixture enters the oil-water separator from the bottom water outlet and stands still in the oil-water separator for layering, the kitchen waste can be further crushed in the extrusion dehydration process, and the pretreated material is discharged from the discharge port and enters the high-temperature roller of the reactor;
high-temperature fermentation: the pretreated materials are uniformly mixed with old materials under the action of the rotation of the high-temperature roller and the action of a shifting plate, and high-temperature aerobic fermentation is carried out; the temperature, humidity and oxygen content sensors in the reactor detect the material state in real time, judge the material state through a control system and control corresponding motor actions in a linkage manner; the waste gas and the excess air generated by fermentation are led out from the air outlet to a waste gas purification device under the action of a draught fan, and are discharged after reaching standards after dust removal, deodorization and adsorption treatment;
discharging: in the feeding process, materials in the roller are increased, the material level is increased, the materials at the discharging end overflow through a discharging hole in a sealing plate at the end part, and the discharged materials fall into a material collecting groove;
the kitchen waste source treatment equipment adopted by the kitchen waste source treatment method comprises a machine body, wherein a pretreatment device, a reactor, a waste gas purification device and a control system are arranged in the machine body, and a feeding device is arranged on the side wall of the machine body; the feeding device is matched with a feeding port of the pretreatment device, a discharge port of the pretreatment device is communicated with an inlet of the reactor, and a gas outlet of the reactor is communicated with the waste gas purification device; the control system is respectively connected with the pretreatment device, the reactor, the waste gas purification device and the feeding device;
the pretreatment device comprises a hopper, a dehydration and deoiling device, an oil-water separation device and a pipeline, wherein the top of the hopper is provided with an openable cover plate, and a discharge port at the bottom of the hopper is connected with the dehydration and deoiling device; the dehydration and deoiling device adopts an extrusion dehydration structure which is a variable-pitch shaftless spiral, water and grease in the kitchen garbage flow out through an outer filter screen in the extrusion process, the dehydrated and deoiled dry material enters a reactor from a discharge port for fermentation, and the separated oil-water mixture enters an oil-water separation device; an oil storage tank is arranged in the oil-water separation device, oil-water separation is carried out on an oil-water mixture in the separation device, a top oil layer enters the oil storage tank through overflow for storage, and bottom waste water flows out through a water outlet; the water outlet of the oil-water separation device is connected with a sewage pipe network through a pipeline;
the reactor comprises a high-temperature roller, a driving device, a supporting roller and a sealing device, wherein the high-temperature roller is a hollow cylinder, and dynamic aerobic fermentation can be realized in the high-temperature roller; a plurality of shifting plates are arranged inside the wall of the hollow cylinder, an outer gear ring is arranged outside the wall of the hollow cylinder, the outer gear ring is meshed with a gear in a driving device for transmission, and a heat-insulating layer is arranged outside the whole high-temperature roller; the driving device is used for driving the high-temperature roller to rotate and comprises a motor, a speed reducer and a transmission system which are connected in sequence, the driving device is arranged on the base, and the high-temperature roller is driven by the motor to rotate at a specified rotating speed through the speed reducer and the transmission system; the supporting carrier roller is used for supporting the high-temperature roller; the sealing device is a fish scale type radial movable sealing sheet which is arranged at two ends of the high-temperature roller and rotates along with the high-temperature roller, sealing end plates are arranged on frames at two ends of the high-temperature roller, and the movable sealing sheet and a sealing ring on the end plates are sealed in line contact; a plurality of sensors are arranged in the reactor to detect the state of materials in the reactor in real time.
2. The kitchen waste source treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the loading device comprises a lifting device and a weighing device arranged at the bottom of the lifting device, the weighing device is used for weighing and metering materials, and measurement data of the weighing device can be uploaded to a control system for statistics; the lifting device is installed on the frame support and comprises a driving motor, a chain transmission structure, a hanging mechanism and a stroke limit, wherein the hanging mechanism is fixed on a chain link of a chain, the hanging mechanism positions and locks the garbage can after the garbage can filled with kitchen garbage is pushed in place, the driving motor drives the chain to move through the chain transmission structure, the hanging mechanism lifts the garbage can to a specified position along a guide rail and triggers the stroke limit switch, the driving motor stops, the kitchen garbage in the garbage can falls down under the action of gravity and is poured into the hopper, and the lifting height is adjusted by adjusting the position of the limit switch.
3. The kitchen waste source treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust gas purification device comprises a dust removal device, a deodorization device, an induced draft fan and an exhaust pipeline, and the dust removal device is a filter dust remover or a gravity dust remover; the deodorization device selects spray deodorization and activated carbon adsorption; the induced draft fan leads the waste gas out of the reactor and ensures that the reactor is always in a micro negative pressure state.
4. The kitchen waste source treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the control system comprises a control panel, a hardware system and a software system, and an operator controls and operates the equipment through the control panel; the hardware system can detect the running state of the equipment in real time; the software system performs closed-loop control through detection of the state of the equipment, the control software has a remote communication function, and various data parameters of the equipment can be uploaded to the cloud end to form big data of the Internet of things.
5. The kitchen waste source treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that a dynamic high-temperature aerobic fermentation process is adopted, the reaction efficiency is high, the fermentation effect is good, the reaction temperature is maintained by means of heat generated in the reaction process, and no external source heating is needed; and the reactor is always kept in a micro negative pressure state, so that the malodorous gas is prevented from being dissipated to the surrounding environment to cause environmental pollution and heat loss.
6. The method for processing kitchen wastes at the source according to claim 1, wherein materials in a reactor are not emptied during production, the sufficient amount of microorganisms is ensured by mixing new and old materials, and a microbial agent is not required to be supplemented during operation.
7. The kitchen waste source treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the kitchen waste source treatment method has good adaptability to materials, is mixed with certain plastics and metals, does not affect production, and can be used for treating kitchen waste and also can be applied to source treatment of livestock and poultry manure, agricultural waste and garden waste.
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| JP4407984B2 (en) * | 1999-08-25 | 2010-02-03 | 株式会社島崎製作所 | Garbage disposal method and apparatus |
| CN2905782Y (en) * | 2006-03-17 | 2007-05-30 | 华南农业大学 | Kitchen refuse compost treating system |
| CN201279413Y (en) * | 2008-10-21 | 2009-07-29 | 营口流体设备制造(集团)有限公司 | Automatic back-flushing pipe filter |
| CN202558745U (en) * | 2012-03-09 | 2012-11-28 | 湖南深拓智能设备股份有限公司 | High efficiency intelligent aerobic fermentation reaction system |
| CN104567321A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-04-29 | 华新水泥(黄石)装备制造有限公司 | Screw extruder for extrusion dehydration |
| CN109336651A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-02-15 | 肖爱平 | A kind of roller reactor of kitchen garbage aerobic compost |
| CN211695212U (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-10-16 | 长沙柏汉电子科技股份有限公司 | Central air conditioner with air purification function |
| CN113443931A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-09-28 | 深高蓝德环保科技集团股份有限公司 | Organic composting all-in-one machine for kitchen waste treatment |
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