CN114269872B - 包括混合溶剂屏障和底漆层的膜 - Google Patents

包括混合溶剂屏障和底漆层的膜 Download PDF

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CN114269872B
CN114269872B CN202080058243.4A CN202080058243A CN114269872B CN 114269872 B CN114269872 B CN 114269872B CN 202080058243 A CN202080058243 A CN 202080058243A CN 114269872 B CN114269872 B CN 114269872B
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film
mixed solvent
solvent barrier
primer
layer
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CN114269872A (zh
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大卫·B·比尔布里
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3M Innovative Properties Co
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3M Innovative Properties Co
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Abstract

本发明描述了能够适形、能够拉伸、能够打印的膜。特别地，描述了包括膜基底、压敏粘合剂和混合溶剂屏障/底漆层的膜，该混合溶剂屏障/底漆层包含两种共聚酰胺的共混物，所述两种共聚酰胺不能混溶。这种混合溶剂屏障和底漆层能够有效地作为溶剂屏障和底漆层两者。

Description

包括混合溶剂屏障和底漆层的膜
背景技术
某些膜用于一旦粘附在表面上就显示图形和其他视觉信息。这些膜可部分地通过在这种膜的吸墨表面上打印油墨来产生。由于油墨通常是溶剂型的，这些溶剂中的一些溶剂可能渗透穿过膜厚度并进入粘合剂层中，从而产生不期望的黏著性和较差的可去除性。某些压敏粘合剂可能较差地粘附到膜基底，从而使膜倾向于分层，而不具有与粘合剂和基底中的每一者具有足够粘附性的中间层。
发明内容
在一个方面，本说明书涉及一种能够适形、能够拉伸、能够打印的膜。该膜包括：膜基底，该膜基底具有用于接收油墨的第一主表面；压敏粘合剂；和混合溶剂屏障/底漆层。该混合溶剂屏障/底漆层设置在膜基底和压敏粘合剂之间并且粘结到两者，并且设置在该膜基底的与第一主表面相反的一侧上。该混合溶剂屏障/底漆层包含两种共聚酰胺，所述两种共聚酰胺不能混溶，并且混合溶剂屏障/底漆层包含一种处于连续相的共聚酰胺和一种处于不连续相的共聚酰胺。
在另一方面，本说明书涉及一种提供具有混合溶剂屏障/底漆层的能够适形、能够拉伸的吸墨膜的方法。该方法包括：提供膜基底；在该膜基底的主表面上涂覆两种不能混溶的共聚酰胺的共混物以形成混合溶剂屏障/底漆层，其中一种共聚酰胺处于连续相并且一种共聚酰胺处于不连续相；并且在该混合溶剂屏障/底漆层之上施加压敏粘合剂层。
在又一方面，本说明书涉及一种能够适形、能够拉伸、能够打印的膜。该膜包括：膜基底，该膜基底具有用于接收油墨的第一主表面；压敏粘合剂；以及混合溶剂屏障/底漆堆叠。该混合溶剂屏障/底漆堆叠设置在该膜基底和该压敏粘合剂之间并且粘结到两者上，并且设置在该膜基底的与第一主表面相反的一侧上。该混合溶剂屏障/底漆堆叠包括两个层，其中该混合溶剂屏障/底漆层中这些层中的每个层包含两种共聚酰胺，所述两种共聚酰胺不能混溶。该混合溶剂屏障/底漆层中的这些层中的每个层包含相同的两种共聚酰胺的不同共混物。
附图说明
图1是包括混合溶剂屏障和底漆层的膜的一个实施方案的侧视示意性横截面。
图2是包括两层混合溶剂屏障和底漆堆叠的膜的另一个实施方案的侧视示意性横截面。
图3是包括三层混合溶剂屏障和底漆堆叠的膜的另一个实施方案的侧视示意性横截面。
具体实施方式
包括用于在车辆、壁和标志上显示信息的大幅面图形的图形膜通常作为粘合剂膜提供，以便于临时性、半永久或永久性地(无论是否可移除的)定位在基底上。此类膜可以是未着色的(透明的)，可以是白色的，或者可以是任何其他合适的颜色。在许多情况下，膜可被设计成可打印的(即，可固有地为吸墨的或者可包括吸墨涂层)，使得可将图像或其他信息转移到膜上。例如，品牌所有者可能想要在待粘附至卡车或厢式货车的膜上提供广告、徽标或其他信息。
油墨通常通过打印来施加。大幅面打印可利用溶剂型油墨广泛获得。存在基于水的乳胶油墨，但不常用。虽然通常仅将油墨施加到这种膜的顶表面，但是最常见的油墨系统中使用的溶剂渗透穿过层并且最终迁移到粘合剂层。溶剂迁移到粘合剂层中可改变粘合剂层原本仔细调谐的特性，从而可能使得难以施加和可去除。在一些应用中，相反方向(即，从粘合剂到吸墨基底中)的污染物迁移也可能是问题。
为了解决这个问题，某些膜以多层系统为特征。这些层中的一个层被设计成充当溶剂屏障，并且一个或多个层用于允许溶剂屏障层粘附至膜的其余层，称为底漆或涂底漆层。取决于所使用的基底和粘合剂系统，膜可能已经在溶剂屏障层的两侧上都使用了底漆层。
将底漆层和溶剂屏障层的特性混合不像共混具有这些特性的两种聚合物那么简单。共可加工性(例如，在共同溶剂中共挤出或溶解的能力)对于以商业规模进行制造可能是必需的。另外，屏障特性仅在溶剂不能轻易地穿透通过层中的任何点时通常是有效的。如果共混物允许溶剂行进穿过层的路径，则该共混物作为屏障可能无效。另外，产生有效溶剂屏障可能需要的共混物的比例作为底漆层可能变得无效。最后，并非可为有效溶剂屏障和有效底漆层两者的所有共混物均适用于能够拉伸和能够适形的膜系统，并且这些共混物在进行处理和施加时可能开裂、分层或在其他方面易碎。
出人意料地，使用在混合溶剂屏障/底漆层中不能混溶的两种共聚酰胺(其中一种共聚酰胺是连续相并且一种共聚酰胺是不连续相)可提供有效的屏障性能和有效的底漆性能两者。在一些实施方案中，共聚酰胺中的一种包含叔酰胺官能团，并且共聚酰胺中的一种不具有叔酰胺官能团。在一些实施方案中，具有叔酰胺官能团的共聚酰胺是处于不连续相的共聚酰胺。在这些实施方案中，不具有叔酰胺官能团的共聚酰胺是连续相。
图1是包括混合溶剂屏障和底漆层的膜的一个实施方案的侧视示意性横截面。膜100包括膜基底110、混合溶剂屏障和底漆层120、粘合剂层130和任选地衬垫140。
基底110可以是任何合适的基底并且可以是任何期望的形状或大小。基底110可被形成为浇铸、压延或挤出的膜基底。在一些实施方案中，基底110可以是或包含聚氯乙烯(PVC)。PVC因其良好的耐候性和室外耐久性而通常用于暴露于元件的图形膜。在一些实施方案中，基底110可以是或包含其他聚合物或聚合物共混物，诸如聚氨酯(包括热塑性聚氨酯)、乙酸丁酸纤维素、聚酰胺、聚烯烃、聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚丙烯酸类、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛和含氟聚合物。基底110可以是任何合适的厚度，并且实际上可取决于其制造方法。例如，基底可具有10μm、15μm、20μm、25μm、30μm、40μm、50μm、60μm、70μm、80μm、90μm、100μm、125μm、150μm、175μm或200μm，或在先前列出的值中的任两个值之间的范围内的厚度。基底110可包含颜料或其他着色剂。在一些实施方案中，基底110可包含碳黑或二氧化钛(白色)，尽管可选择任何颜料系统用于期望的应用。在一些实施方案中，基底110可以是涂底漆层或者包括底漆层或其他处理以增加层间粘附性。
混合溶剂屏障/底漆层120由任何合适的材料形成，并且可以是任何合适的厚度。在一些实施方案中，混合溶剂屏障/底漆层可小于10μm，可小于8μm，可小于6μm，可小于4μm，可小于3μm，可小于2μm，可小于1μm，或甚至可小于0.5μm。在一些实施方案中，混合溶剂屏障/底漆层的薄度在厚度上仅由提供期望的屏障性能所需的最小厚度限制。在一些实施方案中，如果挤出混合溶剂屏障/底漆层，由于需要维持网的完整性，因此可能存在更高的实际厚度。
在一些实施方案中，混合溶剂屏障/底漆层120包含两种共聚酰胺的共混物。在一些实施方案中，混合溶剂屏障/底漆层120包含一种共聚酰胺，该共聚酰胺包含仲酰胺官能团。在一些实施方案中，混合溶剂屏障/底漆层120包含一种包含叔酰胺官能团的共聚酰胺并且包含一种不包含叔酰胺官能团的共聚酰胺。在一些实施方案中，混合溶剂屏障/底漆层120在这两种共聚酰胺之间包含不超过50重量％的具有叔酰胺官能团的共聚酰胺。在一些实施方案中，混合溶剂屏障/底漆层120在这两种共聚酰胺之间包含不超过40重量％的具有一个叔酰胺官能团的共聚酰胺。在一些实施方案中，两种共聚酰胺在常见溶剂中溶解。在一些实施方案中，两种共聚酰胺在正丙醇和水的混合物中溶解。在一些实施方案中，两种共聚酰胺是能够共挤出的。
不具有叔酰胺官能团的合适的共聚酰胺包括ELVAMIDE 8063(可购自特拉华州威尔明顿的杜邦公司(DuPont；Wilmington,Del.))和ULTRAMID 1C(可购自密歇根州怀恩多特的巴斯夫公司(BASF,Wyandotte,Mich.))。此类共聚酰胺具有较差的粘结能力，但表现出极佳的溶剂屏障性能。
叔酰胺官能团可实现与压敏粘合剂和聚氯乙烯基底的有效粘结。例如，至少部分地用诸如哌嗪或二哌嗪的单体形成的共聚酰胺将表现出与PVC基底的良好的粘附性。具有叔酰胺官能团的合适的共聚酰胺包括PLATAMID M1276和PLATAMID HX2592T(可购自宾夕法尼亚州普鲁士王市的阿科玛公司(Arkema NA；King of Prussia,Pa.))。这些共聚酰胺表现出良好的粘结，而几乎不提供溶剂屏障性能。
在一些实施方案中，共聚酰胺是相分离的。在一些实施方案中，一种共聚酰胺形成连续相，并且一种共聚酰胺形成离散或不连续相。在表现出良好的屏障性能的共聚酰胺形成连续相的这种相分离系统中—尽管包含并不有效防止溶剂迁移的聚酰胺，该混合溶剂屏障/底漆层仍然有效，即使在小厚度下也是如此。
在一些实施方案中，混合溶剂屏障和底漆层是染色的或者包含着色剂。在一些实施方案中，混合溶剂屏障和底漆层可包含炭黑。对混合溶剂屏障和底漆层进行染色可有助于最终打印膜的感知不透明度。
粘合剂层130可由多种粘合剂制成或者可包括多种粘合剂，包括压敏粘合剂。合适的粘合剂可由技术人员选择，并且通常基于这些粘合剂要粘附的基底的类型来选择。压敏粘合剂的类别包括丙烯酸类、增粘橡胶、增粘的合成橡胶、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯、有机硅等等。合适的丙烯酸类粘合剂例如在美国专利3,239,478、3,935,338、4,952,650、4,181,752和5,169,727中有所公开。
可用于此特定应用的特定类别的压敏粘合剂是至少一种丙烯酸烷基酯与至少一种增强共聚单体的反应产物。合适的丙烯酸烷基酯是具有低于约-10℃的均聚物玻璃化转变温度的丙烯酸烷基酯，并且包括例如丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸异辛酯、丙烯酸异壬酯、丙烯酸十八烷基酯等等。合适的增强单体是具有约-10℃的均聚物玻璃化转变温度的增强单体，并且包括例如丙烯酸、亚甲基琥珀酸、丙烯酸异冰片酯、N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺、N-乙烯基己内酰胺、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮等等。
可基于若干因素为特定应用选择粘合剂层130的厚度，这些因素包括例如粘合剂组成、粘合剂是否包括微结构化表面、基底的类型和膜的厚度。本领域技术人员能够基于本文的公开内容调节厚度以满足特定的应用因素。粘合剂层130可涂覆到衬垫上并施加到膜100的其余部分，或者可直接涂覆到膜100的其余部分上或与该其余部分共挤出。
衬垫140在构造中是任选的，并且通常是具有涂层的纸或聚合物衬垫，以易于从粘合剂层去除。在一些情况下，衬垫140可具有非常均匀、平滑或光泽的表面。在其他情况下，衬垫可具有通过诸如压花或打印的方法产生的表面纹理。在一些实施方案中，衬垫包括结构化图案，诸如通道、脊或凹槽。这种结构化图案可将逆结构施予到粘合剂层上。此图案可有助于向表面施加粘合剂，从而例如在初始安装时提供容易的空气剥离。
图2是包括两层混合溶剂屏障和底漆的膜的另一个实施方案的侧视示意性横截面。膜200包括膜基底210、第一混合溶剂屏障和底漆层222、第二混合溶剂屏障和底漆层224、粘合剂层230和任选地衬垫240。
膜200类似于图1中的膜100，不同之处在于，该混合溶剂屏障/底漆层是两层堆叠而不是单个层。第一混合溶剂屏障和底漆层222和第二混合溶剂屏障和底漆层224各自包含两种共聚酰胺的共混物。在一些实施方案中，第一混合溶剂和底漆层与第二混合溶剂和底漆层各自是相同的两种共聚酰胺的不同共混物。在一些实施方案中，该两种共聚酰胺的共混物可以是相分离的。由于相分离，相同的两种共聚酰胺的不同共混物可具有不同的性能。一种共混物可用作有效屏障层，但具有相对差的粘结能力，而略微不同的共混物可具有中等屏障性能但极佳的粘结。取决于应用和膜中的其他层，可以任何顺序提供这些层。具有相同的两种共聚酰胺以实现不同的效果可允许简化或具有更强适应性的制造过程。可对共混百分比进行微调和调整以实现期望的特性，而不需要不同的组分。在一些实施方案中，一个层包含大于50重量％的具有叔酰胺官能团的共聚酰胺，并且一个层包含不超过50重量％的具有叔官能团的共聚酰胺。
在一些实施方案中，第一混合溶剂屏障和底漆层222可具有可忽略不计的屏障性能和主要作为底漆层的功能，以便促进基底210和第二混合溶剂屏障和底漆层224之间的层间粘附性。这种层将设置在基底210和第二混合溶剂屏障和底漆层224之间并且粘结到两者。在此类实施方案中，这种层可以是或包含氨基乙基化丙烯酸类聚合物或交联的丙烯酸类丙烯酸胺酯共聚物。合适的氨基乙基化(animoethylated)丙烯酸类聚合物的示例包括POLYMENT(可购自日本大阪的株式会社日本触媒(Nippon Shokubai,Osaka,Japan))。类似于本文所述的层，此类层可包含颜料或其他着色剂，包括二氧化钛(白色)或炭黑。
图3是包括三层混合溶剂屏障和底漆堆叠的膜的另一个实施方案的侧视示意性横截面。膜300包括膜基底310、第一混合溶剂屏障和底漆层322、第二混合溶剂屏障和底漆层324、第三混合溶剂屏障和底漆层326、粘合剂层330和任选地衬垫340。
图3中的膜300类似于图2中的膜200和图1中的膜100，不同之处在于，混合溶剂屏障/底漆层堆叠是三个层而不是两个层或单个层。类似于图2中的膜200，混合溶剂屏障和底漆堆叠由多层构成。如在其他混合溶剂屏障和底漆层堆叠和层中，层中的每个层包含两种共聚酰胺的共混物。在一些实施方案中，层中的每个层包含相同的两种共聚酰胺的不同共混物。在一些实施方案中，层中的每个层包含相同的两种共聚酰胺的共混物，其中共混物中的两种共混物是相同的。这种配置可用于例如其中三层堆叠的外部两个层(例如，第一混合溶剂屏障和底漆层322与第三混合溶剂屏障和底漆层326)被共混以例如对于膜基底310和粘合剂层330中的一者或多者具有极佳的底漆粘结性能的应用中。在一些实施方案中，混合溶剂屏障和底漆堆叠中的两个层包含大于50重量％的具有叔酰胺官能团的共聚酰胺，并且混合溶剂屏障和底漆堆叠中的一个层包含不超过50重量％的具有叔酰胺官能团的共聚酰胺。
可以影响膜的适形能力的因素包括用于制备膜的材料的种类、此类材料的分子量、此类膜所经受的条件(例如，温度、辐射暴露和湿度)以及添加剂在膜材料中的存在(例如，增塑剂含量、增强纤维、颜料、稳定剂(例如，UV稳定剂)和增强硬度的颗粒)。
本文描述的膜也是能够拉伸的，这意指这些膜可伸长至超出其初始尺寸而不破裂或塑性变形的某个百分比。在一些实施方案中，本文描述的膜能够拉伸至其原始尺寸的120％、130％、140％、150％、160％、170％、180％、190％或甚至200％或更多。
尽管将已采用的术语和表达用作描述而非限制术语，并且不旨在使用此类术语和表达排除所示和所描述的特征或其部分的任何等同物，但是已经认识到，在本发明实施方案的范围内的各种修改是可以的。因此，应当理解，尽管本发明已通过具体实施方案和任选的特征而具体公开，但是本领域普通技术人员可推出本文所公开的概念的修改和变型，并且此类修改和变型被认为在本发明的实施方案的范围内。
实施例
制备共聚酰胺树脂共混物并将其涂覆在浇铸乙烯基膜上，并且层压到被压敏粘合剂涂覆的剥离衬垫上。测量溶剂屏障性能和粘附特性。这些实施例仅为了进行示意性的说明，并非意在限制所附权利要求书的范围。除非另外指明，否则实施例以及说明书的余下部分中的所有份数、百分数、比率等均按重量计。本文使用以下缩写：密耳＝千分之一英寸；m＝米；cm＝厘米；℃＝摄氏度；min＝分钟；BCM＝十亿立方微米。
表1-在实施例中使用的材料。
实施例(E1-E12)和比较例(CE1-CE9)
通过将有机溶胶涂覆到类似于Sarvetnick HA(1972)“塑料溶胶和有机溶胶(Plastisols and Organosols)”(范·诺斯特兰德·莱因霍尔德出版公司：纽约，纽约(VanNostrand Reinhold Company:New York,N.Y.))或如其中所描述的纸浇铸衬垫上来形成浇铸乙烯基树脂基底。组分包括有机溶胶高分子量PVC树脂均聚物、聚合己二酸增塑剂、热稳定剂和二氧化钛颜料。类似于美国专利5,296,277中所描述的有机硅涂覆的微复制压花剥离衬垫的有机硅涂覆的微复制压花剥离衬垫涂覆有含丙烯酸的丙烯酸类压敏粘合剂。
使用溶解于醇和水中的树脂制备混合溶剂屏障/底漆涂覆溶液。通过调整一种树脂相对于另一种树脂的比率来制备两种树脂的共混物。将树脂溶解于包含90％正丙醇和10％去离子水的溶液中。
将膜基底切割成1英寸×5英寸(2.5cm×12.7cm)的区段，并且使用凹口试片涂覆每个区段。使用凹口试片来下引(draw down)树脂溶液，该试片以其和打印膜之间3密耳(76微米)的间隙设置。将经涂覆的膜在罩中干燥约一分钟，然后将其放置于40中℃烘箱一分钟。在进行如下所述的渗透-重量杯测试之后，将经涂覆的膜基底层压到剥离衬垫压敏粘合剂堆叠，并且放置于65℃烘箱中一分钟以进行干燥。
测试方法
渗透-重量杯测试
测试源自美国汽车工程师学会(SAE)J2665“通过杯失重法测量材料的燃料渗透性的测试程序(Test Procedure to Measure the Fuel Permeability of Materials bythe Cup Weight Loss Method)”。从新泽西州西柏林的Thwing-Albert Instrument公司(Thwing-Albert Instrument Company,West Berlin,NJ)购得2英寸EZ杯蒸汽压力计渗透性杯。杯是铝的并且配备有铝螺纹凸缘环。使用聚四氟乙烯垫片、细筛网和粗筛网将待测试的屏障涂覆膜保持在适当位置，以阻止膜在测试期间鼓起。该测试的工作原理是通过用甲乙酮(MEK)部分地填充杯，然后使用屏障涂覆膜密封杯。将杯放置于40℃烘箱中并随时间推移获取杯的重量。通过计算溶剂重量损失百分比对时间线的斜率来获得渗透速率，并且该渗透速率是屏障性能的指数。以供参考，未涂覆的乙烯基膜具有2.66％溶剂损失/小时的渗透速率。结果示于表2中。
混合溶剂屏障/底漆层和乙烯基膜之间的粘结
层片粘结测试探究混合溶剂屏障/底漆层和乙烯基膜之间的粘结，作为现实世界分层的实验室替代物。通过以下来针对层片性能评估该膜构造：首先将膜层压到3M 8518覆膜，将每个样品切割成三个1英寸×5英寸(2.5cm×12.7cm)的条带，并且将膜的粘合剂侧施加到Alodine Q面板，然后在66℃烘箱中老化2小时。利用英斯特朗(Instron)万能测试机(马萨诸塞州诺伍德(Norwood,MA))以500英寸/分钟(13m/min)的速率从面板以90度剥离膜构造。评估每个混合溶剂屏障/底漆层的三个1英寸乘5英寸(2.5cm×12.7cm)样品。评估在不包括初始四分之一英寸(0.64cm)的粘结位点执行，并且在下一个英寸(2.5cm)(即，从四分之一英寸至一又四分之一英寸；0.64cm-3.14cm)内检查。在所有样品中，乙烯基均未从混合溶剂屏障/底漆层分层或者混合溶剂屏障/底漆层均未裂开，从而评估通过。结果示于表2中。
表2–E1-E12和CE1-CE9的渗透速率和层片失效。
实施例(E13-E26)混合溶剂屏障/底漆层-凹印涂覆乙烯基膜的渗透性能和厚度
使用由日本Hirano Tecseed有限公司(Hirano Tecseed Co.Ltd,Japan)制造的模块以12英寸(30.5cm)宽凹印涂覆实施例E13-E26的所有膜。使用的凹印滚筒描述于下表3中。
表3.
使用上文针对实施例E1-E12所述的方法产生另外的浇铸乙烯基基底。如下表4所示，在正向或反向方向上使用不同的滚筒涂覆乙烯基膜基底。将所有涂层在121℃下烘箱干燥25秒。使用上述渗透重量杯测试测量每个膜的渗透速率(％溶剂损失/小时)。使用扫描电子显微镜(马萨诸塞州皮博迪的JEOL公司(JEOL)JSM-7001F场发射扫描电子显微镜)确定混合溶剂屏障/底漆层的厚度。通过将膜浸入液氮中并使它们破裂以显露混合溶剂屏障/底漆层的横截面来制备样品。对至少两个位置采样以进行测量，并且平均厚度值示于表4中。在表4中，应当指出的是，CB 1和CB 1/2是浓度分别为约5％和2.5％的含有Hostajet BlackO-PT的炭黑分散体溶液。
表4
实施例E27-E30和比较例CE10-CE12使用FTIR/ATR光谱对混合溶剂屏障/底漆层- 凹印涂覆乙烯基膜进行渗透测试
将配备有衰减全反射(ATR)晶体采样装置的傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)用于表征来自涂覆到粘合剂涂覆的乙烯基打印膜上的油墨的溶剂量，该粘油墨穿过中间混合溶剂屏障/底漆层迁移到粘合剂层中。使用#15迈耶棒将Roland ECO-SOL MAX2 ESL4-4BK黑色油墨涂覆到粘合剂层压的乙烯基打印膜上，目标为1.25密耳至1.5密耳湿，这对应于250％-300％的油墨覆盖率(％填充)。将涂覆有油墨的膜放置在处于52℃的热板上2.5分钟，模拟典型喷墨打印过程的干燥步骤。然后从粘合剂中去除剥离衬垫，并且将膜的粘合剂侧施加到ATR晶体。
对于定量分析，首先通过在压敏粘合剂中制备不同比率的油墨并且跟踪特定波数(1778cm-1相对于1731cm-1)以根据溶剂重量百分比组成校准峰高来开发校准曲线。然后使用此校准曲线来量化打印的可商购获得的打印膜(IJ180Cv3-10，可购自明尼苏达州圣保罗的3M公司(3M Company；St.Paul.,Minn.))和混合溶剂屏障/底漆层涂覆膜中粘合剂表面处的总溶剂重量百分比。将配备有硒化锌(ZnSe)多弹跳衰减全反射(ATR)晶体的NicoletiS10傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)用于表征溶剂从图形膜表面穿过膜跨屏障涂层进入粘合剂随时间变化的动态。
表5a和表5b示出了可商购获得的打印乙烯基膜(IJ180Cv3-10，2密耳PVC膜)(无屏障)以及共混物组成和厚度不同的10％重量/重量溶液混合溶剂屏障/底漆涂覆图形膜在粘合剂表面处的总溶剂油墨浓度数据(重量％)。用于涂覆混合溶剂屏障/底漆层溶液的凹印滚筒BCM值示于括号中。使用如用于E13-E26的相同的方法生成实施例CE10-CE12和E27-E30。标记为1层或2层的实施例分别表示涂覆到膜上的初始单层和涂覆的第二层。负值是由于在低信噪比数据点处的仪器噪声。
表5a.
表5b.
实施例E31-E36制造规模乙烯基膜上的重量杯渗透性能(％溶剂损失/小时)和使 用扫描电子显微镜测量的涂层厚度(微米)
如上文针对实施例E1-E12所述形成标记为“A”的乙烯基膜。如上文针对实施例E1-E12所述形成标记为“B”的乙烯基膜，不同之处在于，这些乙烯基膜还包含丙烯酸树脂和光稳定剂并且浇铸在聚酯浇铸衬垫上。如上文针对实施例E1-E12所述形成标记为“C”的乙烯基膜，不同之处在于，这些乙烯基膜还包含浇铸有机溶胶中的聚酯树脂。
使用70/30Ultramid 1C/HX 2592溶液的10重量％溶液凹印涂覆乙烯基膜基底。使用反向或正向凹印方向使用21.2或9.6BCM凹印滚筒制备涂层。烘箱干燥条件如下：E31在135℃干燥32秒；E32在135℃干燥16秒，93℃干燥8秒，以及66℃干燥8秒；E33在135℃干燥25秒，93℃干燥8秒，以及66℃干燥8秒；E34在135℃干燥41秒；E35在135℃干燥41秒；并且E36在135℃干燥41秒。使用先前描述的重量杯测试确定渗透。使用扫描电子显微镜、样品制备和先前描述的求平均值确定厚度测量。渗透和厚度结果示于表6中。
表6.
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Claims (26)

1.一种能够适形、能够拉伸、能够打印的膜，包括：
膜基底，所述膜基底具有用于接收油墨的第一主表面；
压敏粘合剂；和
混合溶剂屏障/底漆层，其中所述混合溶剂屏障/底漆层设置在所述膜基底和所述压敏粘合剂之间，并且设置在所述膜基底的与所述第一主表面相反的一侧上；
其中所述混合溶剂屏障/底漆层包含两种共聚酰胺，所述两种共聚酰胺不能混溶；
其中所述混合溶剂屏障/底漆层包含一种处于连续相的共聚酰胺和一种处于不连续相的共聚酰胺；并且
其中所述两种共聚酰胺包含具有叔酰胺官能团的共聚酰胺和不具有叔酰胺官能团的共聚酰胺。
2.根据权利要求1所述的膜，其中，所述具有叔酰胺官能团的共聚酰胺不超过所述两种共聚酰胺的50重量％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的膜，其中，所述具有叔酰胺官能团的共聚酰胺不超过所述两种共聚酰胺的40重量％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的膜，其中，所述混合溶剂屏障/底漆层为5微米或更薄。
5.根据权利要求1所述的膜，其中，所述混合溶剂屏障/底漆层为1微米或更薄。
6.根据权利要求1所述的膜，其中，所述混合溶剂屏障/底漆层的所述两种共聚酰胺溶解在正丙醇和水的混合物中。
7.根据权利要求1所述的膜，其中，所述混合溶剂屏障/底漆层的所述两种共聚酰胺溶解在极性溶剂中。
8.根据权利要求1所述的膜，其中，所述混合溶剂屏障/底漆层的所述两种共聚酰胺是能够共挤出的。
9.根据权利要求1所述的膜，其中，所述混合溶剂屏障/底漆层包含颜料。
10.根据权利要求1所述的膜，其中，所述膜基底包含聚氯乙烯。
11.根据权利要求1所述的膜，其中，所述膜基底包含聚氨酯。
12.根据权利要求1所述的膜，其中，所述混合溶剂屏障/底漆层粘结到所述膜基底和所述压敏粘合剂层两者。
13.根据权利要求1所述的膜，还包括设置在所述混合溶剂屏障/底漆层和所述膜基底之间并且粘结到两者的层。
14.根据权利要求13所述的膜，其中，所述混合溶剂屏障/底漆层粘结到所述层并且粘结到所述压敏粘合剂层。
15.根据权利要求13所述的膜，其中，所述层包含氨基乙基化丙烯酸类聚合物。
16.根据权利要求13所述的膜，其中，所述层包含交联的丙烯酸类丙烯酸胺酯共聚物。
17.根据权利要求13所述的膜，其中，所述层包含颜料。
18.一种提供具有混合溶剂屏障/底漆层的能够适形、能够拉伸、能够打印的膜的方法，所述方法包括：
提供膜基底；
在所述膜基底的主表面上涂覆不能混溶的两种共聚酰胺的共混物以形成混合溶剂屏障/底漆层，其中一种共聚酰胺处于连续相并且一种共聚酰胺处于不连续相，并且其中所述两种共聚酰胺包含具有叔酰胺官能团的共聚酰胺和不具有叔酰胺官能团的共聚酰胺；
在所述混合溶剂屏障/底漆层之上施加压敏粘合剂。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法，其中，所述两种共聚酰胺的共混物是溶剂型的，并且涂覆意指溶剂涂覆。
20.根据权利要求18所述的方法，其中，所述两种共聚酰胺的共混物是能够热熔融加工的，并且涂覆意指挤出涂覆。
21.根据权利要求18所述的方法，其中，所述膜基底为涂底漆膜基底。
22.一种能够适形、能够拉伸、能够打印的膜，包括：
膜基底，所述膜基底具有用于接收油墨的第一主表面；
压敏粘合剂；和
混合溶剂屏障/底漆堆叠，其中所述混合溶剂屏障/底漆堆叠设置在所述膜基底和所述压敏粘合剂之间并且粘结到两者上，并且设置在所述膜基底的与所述第一主表面相反的一侧上；
其中所述混合溶剂屏障/底漆堆叠包括两个层；
其中所述混合溶剂屏障/底漆堆叠中的所述层中的每一层包含两种共聚酰胺，所述两种共聚酰胺不能混溶，并且所述两种共聚酰胺包含具有叔酰胺官能团的共聚酰胺和不具有叔酰胺官能团的共聚酰胺；并且
其中所述混合溶剂屏障/底漆堆叠中的所述层中的每一层包含相同的所述两种共聚酰胺的不同共混物。
23.根据权利要求22所述的膜，其中，所述膜基底为涂底漆膜基底。
24.根据权利要求22所述的膜，其中，所述混合溶剂屏障/底漆堆叠包括一个包含大于50重量％的具有叔酰胺官能团的共聚酰胺的层，并且其中所述混合溶剂屏障/底漆堆叠包括一个包含不超过50重量％的具有叔酰胺官能团的共聚酰胺的层。
25.根据权利要求22所述的膜，其中，所述混合溶剂屏障/底漆堆叠包括第三层，所述第三层包括与其他两层中的至少一层不同的两种相同共聚酰胺的共混物。
26.根据权利要求22所述的膜，其中，所述混合溶剂屏障/底漆堆叠的两个层包含大于50重量％的具有叔酰胺官能团的共聚酰胺，并且所述混合溶剂屏障/底漆堆叠的一个层包含不超过50重量％的具有叔酰胺官能团的共聚酰胺。
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