CN114264889A - High-power millimeter wave power measurement and calibration device - Google Patents
High-power millimeter wave power measurement and calibration device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114264889A CN114264889A CN202111540346.7A CN202111540346A CN114264889A CN 114264889 A CN114264889 A CN 114264889A CN 202111540346 A CN202111540346 A CN 202111540346A CN 114264889 A CN114264889 A CN 114264889A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-power millimeter wave power measurement and calibration device.A liquid inlet pipe and a liquid outlet pipe are arranged at two ends of a calibrated system; the power measurement and calibration device is arranged on the liquid inlet pipe and is positioned between the first measurement unit and the calibrated system; the power measurement and calibration device completes the heating of liquid in the constant-temperature water tank through the heating and refrigerating module in the constant-temperature water tank and obtains the stored heat of the liquid in the constant-temperature water tank as QsAs a calibration standard heat; when the calibrated system is in an idle state, the liquid of the constant-temperature water tank enters the calibrated system, and at the moment, the calibrated system finishes the change quantity Q of the heat quantity of the liquid flowing through the calibrated system based on the measured temperature and flow information at the liquid inlet and the liquid outletmThe corrected system energy measurement error Δ Q is then: Δ Q ═ Qm‑Qs. Therefore, the calibrated millimeter wave power can be obtained by combining the error value and the millimeter wave pulse width, and the calibration of the calibrated system is completed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the power measurement and calibration of a high-power millimeter wave source or system, is suitable for the power measurement and calibration work of a high-power millimeter wave gyrotron, and particularly relates to a high-power millimeter wave power measurement and calibration device.
Background
In the research of magnetic confinement thermonuclear fusion experiments, high-power millimeter waves are needed to be adopted for electron cyclotron resonance heating. The high power millimeter wave source is typically an electric vacuum device known as a gyrotron. The electromagnetic wave output by the gyrotron is usually as high as hundreds of kilowatts, even megawatts. The measurement of high power millimeter wave power is typically based on fluid-volume thermal methods using absorptive loads to convert incident millimeter wave energy into thermal energy. In the measuring process, water temperature and flow data of the water inlet and outlet of the absorption load need to be monitored, and the power measurement is realized by utilizing the formula (1) to process the data.
Wherein C is the specific heat capacity of the fluid, F is the flow rate, Tout (t) is the outlet temperature at t, tin (t) is the inlet temperature at t, tn＝t0+τ1+τ2，τ1Is to measure the duration, tau, of the millimeter wave pulse2Is the time when the temperature difference between the water outlet and the water inlet is zero. However, in the actual measurement process, the temperature drift of the water temperature and the water flowFactors such as thermal dissipation at time, response time of the temperature sensor, etc. all affect the measurement results. It is therefore necessary to calibrate the power measurement to reduce measurement errors due to the above-mentioned causes.
Currently, the commonly used calibration method is calorimeter: will know the power PkAnd a certain pulse width DkThe electric power of the water heater is used for heating cooling water through a resistance wire arranged in the calorimeter, then the water in the calorimeter is injected into a measuring system when the water is in no load, and the measuring system is used for measuring the power to obtain P. By PkAnd P obtains a calibration coefficient k to finish the calibration of the measuring system.
In the prior art, the energy injected by the calorimeter cannot be accurately estimated, and energy dissipation may be generated in the heating process, so that electric power is low, and the millimeter wave power calibration is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a high-power millimeter wave power measurement calibration device.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a high-power millimeter wave power measurement and calibration device is characterized in that a liquid inlet pipe and a liquid outlet pipe are arranged at two ends of a calibrated system, a first measurement unit is arranged at a liquid inlet of the liquid inlet pipe and used for measuring liquid inlet flow and liquid inlet temperature, and a second measurement unit is arranged at a liquid outlet of the liquid outlet pipe and used for measuring liquid outlet flow and liquid outlet temperature; the power measurement and calibration device is connected to the liquid inlet pipe through a three-way valve and is positioned between the first measurement unit and the calibrated system; the power measurement calibration apparatus includes: the thermometer is arranged in the constant-temperature water tank and is immersed in the liquid; the power measurement and calibration device completes the heating of the liquid in the constant-temperature water tank through the heating and refrigerating module in the constant-temperature water tank and obtains the stored heat of the liquid in the constant-temperature water tank as QsAs a calibration standard heat;
when the calibrated system is in an idle state, the liquid of the constant-temperature water tank enters the calibrated system, and at the moment, the calibrated system finishes the change quantity Q of the heat quantity of the liquid flowing through the calibrated system based on the measured temperature and flow information at the liquid inlet and the liquid outletmThe measurement of (a) is performed,
the corrected system energy measurement error Δ Q is: Δ Q ═ Qm-Qs(ii) a The flow rate state when the system to be calibrated is calibrated corresponds to the flow rate state when the system to be calibrated is operating.
According to a preferred embodiment, the stored heat of the liquid in the thermostatic water tank is:
Qs＝cm(Ts-T0)＝cρVs(Ts-T0)
in the formula QsThe heat stored in the constant-temperature water tank, and c is the specific heat capacity of the liquid; m is the mass of the liquid in the constant-temperature water tank; t issThe temperature of the liquid in the constant-temperature water tank after heating; t is0Is the initial temperature of the liquid flowing into the thermostatic water tank; ρ is the density of water; vsIs the volume of the constant temperature water tank.
According to a preferred embodiment, the measured heat change of the liquid is:
Qm＝∫cρT1(t)S1(t)dt-∫cρT0(t)S0(t)dt
wherein QmIs the energy measured by the calibration system; t is1(t) is the outlet temperature of the calibrated system; s1(t) is the flow of the liquid outlet of the system to be calibrated; t is0(t) is the temperature of the liquid inlet of the system to be calibrated, and is also the initial temperature of the liquid flowing into the constant-temperature water tank; s0And (t) is the flow rate of the liquid inlet of the system to be calibrated.
According to a preferred embodiment, a stirring device is further arranged in the constant-temperature water tank and used for stirring the liquid in the tank.
According to a preferred embodiment, the liquid flowing into the system to be calibrated and the power measurement calibration device is not limited to water.
According to a preferred embodiment, the first and second measuring units have flow sensors and temperature sensors built therein.
The aforementioned main aspects of the invention and their respective further alternatives can be freely combined to form a plurality of aspects, all of which are aspects that can be adopted and claimed by the present invention. The skilled person in the art can understand that there are many combinations, which are all the technical solutions to be protected by the present invention, according to the prior art and the common general knowledge after understanding the scheme of the present invention, and the technical solutions are not exhaustive herein.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the power measurement and calibration device of the invention provides standard heat for calibration for a calibrated system, and the calibrated system measures the standard heat, so as to obtain an energy measurement error of the calibrated system based on a difference value between a measured value and the standard heat, and then the calibrated millimeter wave power can be obtained by combining the error value and the millimeter wave pulse width, thereby completing the calibration of the calibrated system. In addition, the standard energy of the liquid in the power measurement calibration device is accurate and can be traced through basic quantities such as temperature and mass.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation principle of the power measurement calibration device of the present invention;
101-a calibrated system, 102-a liquid inlet pipe, 103-a first measuring unit, 104-a liquid outlet pipe, 105-a second measuring unit, 201-a constant temperature water tank, 202-a heating resistor and 203-a stirring device.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is to be noted that the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
It should be noted that, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In addition, it should be noted that, in the present invention, if the specific structures, connection relationships, position relationships, power source relationships, and the like are not written in particular, the structures, connection relationships, position relationships, power source relationships, and the like related to the present invention can be known by those skilled in the art without creative work on the basis of the prior art.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1, the invention discloses a high-power millimeter wave power measurement calibration device. The power measurement calibration device disclosed by the invention realizes the function of measuring and calibrating the heat of the calibrated system 101.
Wherein, the two ends of the calibrated system 101 are provided with a liquid inlet pipe 102 and a liquid outlet pipe 104 for realizing the inflow and outflow of liquid.
The liquid inlet of the liquid inlet pipe 102 is provided with a first measuring unit 103 for measuring liquid inlet flow and liquid inlet temperature, and the liquid outlet of the liquid outlet pipe 104 is provided with a second measuring unit 105 for measuring liquid outlet flow and liquid outlet temperature.
Further, the first measurement unit 103 and the second measurement unit 105 are shown to have flow sensors and temperature sensors built therein.
Preferably, the power measurement calibration device is connected to the liquid inlet pipe 102 via a three-way valve 202 and is located between the first measurement unit 103 and the system 101 to be calibrated. The liquid for storing heat flows through the inlet pipe 102 into the power measurement calibration device, which is used to provide standard heat (the carrier of heat is liquid) to the system 101 to be calibrated.
Specifically, the power measurement calibration device includes: a constant temperature water tank 201, a thermometer, and a liquid disposed in the constant temperature water tank 201.
A thermometer is placed in the thermostatic water tank 201 and immersed in the liquid.
The power measurement and calibration device completes the heating of the liquid in the constant-temperature water tank 201 through the heating and refrigerating modules in the constant-temperature water tank 201, and obtains the heat stored in the liquid in the constant-temperature water tank 201 as QsAs a standard heat for calibration. The thermometer is used for measuring the temperature of the liquid in the constant-temperature water tank 201.
A stirring device is further arranged in the constant-temperature water tank 201 and used for stirring liquid in the tank. Thereby helping the heating resistor 202 to achieve uniform heating of the liquid.
Specifically, the stored heat (the stored heat relative to the initial temperature) of the liquid in the constant-temperature water tank 201 is:
Qs＝cm(Ts-T0)＝cρVs(Ts-T0)
wherein c is the specific heat capacity of the liquid; m is the mass of liquid in the thermostatic water tank 201; t issIs the heated temperature of the liquid in the constant temperature water tank 201; t is0Is the initial temperature (generally T) of the liquid flowing into the thermostatic water tank 2010I.e., room temperature); ρ is the density of water; vsIs the volume of the thermostatic water tank 201.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, the liquid flowing into the system 101 to be calibrated and the power measurement calibration device is not limited to water, or a liquid having a large loss tangent in the millimeter wave band may be used.
When the calibrated system 101 is in an idle state, the liquid in the constant temperature water tank 201 enters the calibrated system 101, and at this time, the calibrated system 101 completes the liquid heat quantity change Q flowing through the calibrated system 101 based on the measured temperature and flow information at the liquid inlet and the liquid outletmThe measurement of (2).
The measured heat change of the liquid is as follows:
Qm＝∫cρT1(t)S1(t)dt-∫cρT0(t)S0(t)dt
wherein QmIs the energy measured by the calibration system 101; t is1(t) is the outlet temperature of the calibrated system 101; s1(t) is the outlet flow of the calibrated system 101; t is0(t) is the temperature of the liquid inlet of the system 101 to be calibrated, and is also the initial temperature of the liquid flowing into the constant-temperature water tank 201; s0(t) is the inlet flow rate of the system 101 to be calibrated.
The energy measurement error Δ Q of the system 101 being calibrated is: Δ Q ═ Qm-Qs. And the millimeter wave power after calibration can be obtained by combining the millimeter wave pulse width, thereby completing the calibration of the system 101 to be calibrated.
The flow rate state when the system to be calibrated is calibrated corresponds to the flow rate state when the system to be calibrated is operating. That is, the flow conditions at the time of calibration should be maintained at about the same flow conditions at the time of operation of the system being calibrated, so that the energy measurement errors are accurate
The power measurement and calibration device of the invention provides standard heat for calibration for a calibrated system, and the calibrated system measures the standard heat, so as to obtain an energy measurement error of the calibrated system based on a difference value between a measured value and the standard heat, and then the calibrated millimeter wave power can be obtained by combining the error value and the millimeter wave pulse width, thereby completing the calibration of the calibrated system. And the standard energy of the liquid in the power measurement calibration device is accurate and can be traced to the source.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A high-power millimeter wave power measurement and calibration device is characterized in that a liquid inlet pipe (102) and a liquid outlet pipe (104) are arranged at two ends of a calibrated system (101), a first measurement unit (103) is arranged at a liquid inlet of the liquid inlet pipe (102) and used for measuring liquid inlet flow and liquid inlet temperature, and a second measurement unit (105) is arranged at a liquid outlet of the liquid outlet pipe (104) and used for measuring liquid outlet flow and liquid outlet temperature;
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the power measurement and calibration device is connected to the liquid inlet pipe (102) through a three-way valve (202) and is positioned between the first measurement unit (103) and the system to be calibrated (101);
the power measurement calibration apparatus includes: the temperature measuring device comprises a constant-temperature water tank (201), a thermometer and liquid arranged in the constant-temperature water tank (201), wherein the thermometer is arranged in the constant-temperature water tank (201) and is immersed in the liquid;
the power measurement and calibration device completes the heating of liquid in the constant-temperature water tank (201) through a heating module and a refrigerating module in the constant-temperature water tank (201) and obtains the heat stored in the liquid in the constant-temperature water tank (201) as QsAs a calibration standard heat;
when the calibrated system (101) is in an idle state, liquid in the constant-temperature water tank (201) enters the calibrated system (101), and at the moment, the calibrated system (101) completes the liquid heat quantity change Q flowing through the calibrated system (101) based on the measured temperature and flow information at the liquid inlet and the liquid outletmThe measurement of (a) is performed,
the corrected system energy measurement error Δ Q is: Δ Q ═ Qm-Qs。
The flow rate state when the system (101) to be calibrated is calibrated corresponds to the flow rate state when the system (101) to be calibrated is operating.
2. A power measurement calibration device according to claim 1, characterized in that the stored heat of the liquid in the thermostatic water tank (201) is:
Qs＝cm(Ts-T0)＝cρVs(Ts-T0)
in the formula QsThe heat stored in the constant-temperature water tank (201) is c, and the specific heat capacity of the liquid is c; m is the mass of the liquid in the constant-temperature water tank; t issIs the heated temperature of the liquid in the constant temperature water tank (201); t is0Is the initial temperature of the liquid flowing into the constant temperature water tank (201); rho is water(ii) a density of (d); vsIs the volume of the constant temperature water tank.
3. The power measurement calibration device of claim 2 wherein the measured liquid heat change is:
Qm＝∫cρT1(t)S1(t)dt-∫cρT0(t)S0(t)dt
wherein QmIs the energy measured by the calibration system (101); t is1(t) is the outlet temperature of the calibrated system (101); s1(t) is the flow of the liquid outlet of the system (101) to be calibrated; t is0(t) is the temperature of the liquid inlet of the system to be calibrated (101) and is also the initial temperature of the liquid flowing into the constant temperature water tank (201); s0And (t) is the flow rate of the liquid inlet of the system (101) to be calibrated.
4. A power measurement calibration device according to claim 1, characterized in that a stirring device (203) is further provided in the thermostatic water tank (201) for stirring the liquid in the tank.
5. A power measurement calibration device according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid flowing into the system (101) to be calibrated and the power measurement calibration device is not limited to water.
6. The power measurement calibration device according to claim 1, wherein the first measurement unit (103) and the second measurement unit (105) have flow sensors and temperature sensors built therein.
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