CN114260573A - Copper sheet laser tailor-welding method - Google Patents
Copper sheet laser tailor-welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114260573A CN114260573A CN202111652955.1A CN202111652955A CN114260573A CN 114260573 A CN114260573 A CN 114260573A CN 202111652955 A CN202111652955 A CN 202111652955A CN 114260573 A CN114260573 A CN 114260573A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004971 IR microspectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012060 immune response imaging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002065 alloy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a copper sheet laser tailor-welding method, which is characterized in that a copper sheet is tailor-welded in a double-beam mode of a blue laser beam and an infrared laser beam, and the relative positions of light spots of the blue laser beam and the infrared laser beam are reasonably set, the centers of the two light spots are not overlapped in the welding direction, the blue laser is arranged in front of the infrared laser, the blue laser power in the front is at a lower level in the welding process, and the part to be welded of the copper sheet is mainly heated so as to improve the absorption rate of the infrared laser; on this basis, treat the welding position and carry out high-speed welding following infrared laser behind immediately, can effectively restrain from this and weld and splash, overcome the inhomogeneous problem of heat dissipation, can obtain even, high-quality welding seam, satisfy the demand of taking the thin copper sheet laser tailor-welding of fretwork pattern.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of copper sheet tailor-welding, in particular to a laser tailor-welding method for a copper sheet, which is suitable for performing precise tailor-welding on the copper sheet with uneven heat dissipation structures such as hollow patterns.
Background
The copper sheet has good heat conduction and electric conduction performance, and is widely applied to products and facilities such as electronics, electrics and the like. For example, the copper sheet may be stamped to produce the LED support product. Compared with the traditional stainless steel bracket, the bracket manufactured by stamping the copper sheet has the characteristics of high conductivity and heat conductivity, good heat dissipation, difficult rusting and the like, and has obvious advantages in LED production and application. In actual production, copper sheet supports of different rolls are often spliced, so that continuous production is realized, efficiency is improved, and production cost is reduced. However, since the thickness of the copper bracket is very thin, and the welding position reserved at the stamping part is very narrow, only 200-.
At present, the laser devices which are more mature in the market comprise optical fiber lasers and solid state lasers which are infrared lasers. Because the absorptivity of copper to infrared laser is only 5%, when the infrared laser is adopted to weld the copper, defects such as splashing, holes and the like are easily generated, so that the welding quality is poor, and the reliability is low. That is to say, adopt little facula infrared laser direct welding, there is the problem that the reflectivity is high, produces welding splash and hole problem easily, and welding quality is poor. Copper is up to 65% to blue light laser absorptivity, therefore the blue light is especially suitable for the welding of copper product, but the blue light laser that can be used to the welding on the market at present only has semiconductor laser, when adopting current semiconductor blue light laser to weld, because semiconductor blue light laser beam quality is not high, can only carry out heat-conduction welding usually, and both sides take hollow out construction to lead to the heat dissipation inhomogeneous, can't realize good welding seam connection, good heat dissipation area is not fused easily among the welding process, and the fretwork leads to the poor region of heat dissipation then to weld easily, consequently there is the facula size too big in current semiconductor blue light laser welding mode, the not high problem of energy density, can't satisfy the demand of the thin copper sheet laser tailor-welding of taking the fretwork pattern.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a laser tailor-welding method for copper sheets, which performs laser tailor-welding for copper sheets by using a dual-beam method of a blue laser beam and an infrared laser beam, and can suppress welding spatter, overcome the problem of uneven heat dissipation, and meet the requirement of laser tailor-welding for thin copper sheets with hollow patterns.
A copper sheet laser tailor-welding method comprises the following steps:
s1, fixedly assembling the two copper sheets to be spliced by adopting a welding clamp; and
and S2, welding the splicing seam between the two copper sheets to be spliced in a mode that the centers of the light spots of the blue laser beam and the infrared laser beam are coincident with the central line of the splicing seam between the two copper sheets to be spliced, the blue laser beam is arranged in front of the infrared laser beam along the direction of the central line of the splicing seam, and the center of the light spot of the blue laser beam precedes the center of the light spot of the infrared laser beam in the feeding direction of welding.
In an embodiment of the invention, in the step S1, the size Δ of the joint seam between the two copper sheets to be jointed is less than or equal to 20 um.
In an embodiment of the invention, in the step S2, the wavelength of the blue laser beam is 450nm ± 10nm, and the wavelength of the infrared laser beam is 1080nm ± 10 nm.
In an embodiment of the invention, in the step S2, it is assumed that, during the welding process, the distance between the center of the spot of the blue laser beam and the center of the spot of the infrared laser beam in the welding feeding direction is L, and the diameter of the spot of the blue laser beam is dBThe spot diameter of the infrared laser beam is dIRWherein L satisfies: 0.5dIR≤L≤dB-0.5dIRSo that the whole light spot of the infrared laser beam is positioned in the light spot of the blue laser beam.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the spot diameter d of the blue laser beamBIs 600-800 um, the spot diameter d of the infrared laser beamIRIs 20-50 um.
S3, setting the power of blue laser and infrared laser at a higher welding speed, wherein the power of the blue laser is set to meet the requirement that the blue laser beam heats a welding area without melting the copper sheet, and the power of the infrared laser is set to meet the requirement that the infrared laser beam can melt the copper near the splicing seam and ensure the penetration of the copper sheet.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the step S3, the welding speed is: 100mm/s-300 mm/s.
In an embodiment of the invention, the copper sheet laser tailor-welding method further comprises the step of S4, starting a blue laser, an infrared laser and a welding feeding execution structure to complete copper sheet splicing and obtain the tailor-welded blank.
In an embodiment of the invention, the laser tailor-welding method for the copper sheet further comprises the steps of S5, closing the blue laser, the infrared laser and the welding feeding execution structure, loosening the welding fixture, taking out the tailor-welded blank, and completing welding.
In an embodiment of the invention, the copper sheet laser tailor-welding method is suitable for tailor-welding a copper sheet with a thickness of 0.2-0.5 mm and a hollow-out pattern and an uneven heat dissipation structure.
The method adopts a double-beam mode of blue laser beams and infrared laser beams to splice and weld the copper sheets, and reasonably sets the relative positions of light spots of the blue laser beams and the infrared laser beams, only performs the preheating function due to low power of the selected blue laser, increases the absorptivity of the infrared laser along with the increase of the temperature, avoids the generation of welding defects such as holes, splashing and the like in the welding process under the action of the infrared laser and the blue laser, and solves the problems that the size of a welding pool is large due to the large size of the blue laser welding light spot, and the welding seam forming is poor due to the large influence of uneven heat dissipation on two sides of a region to be welded. A uniform, high quality weld is obtained.
The invention adopts the small-sized infrared laser spot to ensure that the welding melting process only occurs in a very narrow area with the size equivalent to that of the infrared laser spot, and adopts higher welding speed, thereby minimizing the influence of uneven heat dissipation on the welding seam molten pool on two sides of the copper sheet, overcoming the problems of narrow area to be welded and uneven heat dissipation and ensuring the uniformity of the welding process of the whole welding seam.
Further objects and advantages of the invention will be fully apparent from the ensuing description and drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the copper sheet laser tailor-welding method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a copper sheet with a non-uniform heat dissipation structure.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a welding assembly in a cross section perpendicular to the welding direction.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the blue laser beam and the infrared laser beam in fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing relative positions of spots of the blue laser beam and the infrared laser beam shown in fig. 4.
The reference numbers illustrate: copper sheets 10 to be spliced; a hollowed-out area 11; a non-hollowed-out area 12; a splice seam 13; a welding jig 20; a welding jig upper platen 21; welding a clamp lower backing plate 22; a blue laser beam 30; an infrared laser beam 40; spot 31 of the blue laser beam; spot 41 of the infrared laser beam.
Detailed Description
The following description is presented to disclose the invention so as to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention. The preferred embodiments in the following description are given by way of example only, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art. The basic principles of the invention, as defined in the following description, may be applied to other embodiments, variations, modifications, equivalents, and other technical solutions without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that in the present disclosure, the terms "vertical," "lateral," "up," "down," "front," "back," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for ease of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, the above terms should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
It is understood that the terms "a" and "an" should be interpreted as meaning that a number of one element or element is one in one embodiment, while a number of other elements is one in another embodiment, and the terms "a" and "an" should not be interpreted as limiting the number.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; may be mechanically connected, may be electrically connected or may be in communication with each other; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the specific steps of a laser tailor-welding method for copper sheets according to the present invention are illustrated.
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the copper sheet splicing welding is completed by adopting a double beam consisting of blue laser with the wavelength of about 450nm and infrared laser with the wavelength of 1080nm, wherein the spot size of the blue laser is slightly smaller than an area to be welded, specifically 600-800 um, and the spot size of the infrared laser is within 50 um. In the welding direction, the centers of the two beams of light spots are not overlapped, the blue laser is arranged in front of the infrared laser, the power of the blue laser at the front is in a lower level in the welding process, and the part to be welded of the copper sheet is mainly heated so as to improve the absorption rate of the infrared laser; on this basis, treat the welding position and carry out high-speed welding following infrared laser behind, through adopting two light beams and carrying out the mode that rationally sets up to the facula relative position of two light beams, restrained the welding greatly and splashed, overcome the inhomogeneous problem of heat dissipation, can obtain even, high-quality welding seam, satisfy the demand of taking the thin copper sheet laser tailor-welding of fretwork pattern.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the laser tailor welding method for copper sheets includes the steps of:
s1, assembling the copper sheet: fixing and assembling two copper sheets 10 to be spliced by adopting a welding fixture 20;
s2, welding path and spot position adjustment: welding the splicing seam 13 between the two copper sheets 10 to be spliced in a mode that the centers of light spots of the blue laser beam 30 and the infrared laser beam 40 are overlapped with the center line of the splicing seam 13 between the two copper sheets 10 to be spliced, the blue laser beam 30 is arranged in front of the infrared laser beam 40 along the direction of the center line of the splicing seam 13, and the center of the light spot of the blue laser beam 30 is ahead of the center of the light spot of the infrared laser beam 40 in the welding feeding direction;
s3, setting process parameters: setting the power of blue laser and infrared laser at a higher welding speed, wherein the power of the blue laser is set to meet the requirement that the blue laser beam 30 heats a welding area without melting the copper sheet, and the power of the infrared laser is set to meet the requirement that the infrared laser beam 40 can melt the copper near the splicing seam 13 and ensure the penetration of the copper sheet;
s4, starting welding: starting a blue laser, an infrared laser and a welding feeding execution structure to complete copper sheet splicing to obtain a spliced and welded board;
s5, welding end: and (4) closing the blue laser, the infrared laser and the welding feeding execution structure, loosening the welding fixture 20, taking out the tailor-welded blank, and completing welding.
As shown in fig. 2, the copper sheets 10 to be spliced have a hollowed-out area 11 and a non-hollowed-out area 12, and a splice 13 is formed between two copper sheets 10 to be spliced.
Particularly, since the welding penetration is caused by the excessively wide splicing seam, the smaller the laser welding splicing seam is, the better the laser welding splicing seam is, in the step S1, the size Δ of the splicing seam 13 between the two copper sheets 10 to be spliced is less than or equal to 20um, so as to ensure that the size of the splicing seam 13 can be matched with the diameter of the infrared laser spot, and avoid the problem of welding penetration.
It should be noted that the welding jig 20 adopted in the step S1 includes a welding jig upper pressing plate 21 and a welding jig lower backing plate 22, and the copper sheet 10 to be spliced is clamped between the welding jig upper pressing plate 21 and the welding jig lower backing plate 22, as shown in fig. 3.
It can be understood that the invention can also design a hollow structure corresponding to the copper sheet on the welding fixture 20, and the hollow part of the copper sheet corresponds to the non-hollow part of the fixture during welding, so that the fixture takes away heat to offset uneven heat dissipation caused by the hollow structure of the copper sheet.
Specifically, in the step S2, the wavelength of the blue laser beam 30 is 450nm, and the wavelength of the infrared laser beam 40 is 1080 nm.
That is to say, in this embodiment, the present invention adopts a dual-beam high-speed welding mode of a blue laser with a wavelength of 450nm and an infrared laser with a wavelength of 1080nm, which solves the problems of welding spatter and holes easily generated due to high reflectivity in a single infrared laser welding, and the problems of poor weld formation due to large spot size of the blue laser welding, large size of a welding pool, and large influence of uneven heat dissipation on two sides of a region to be welded in the single blue laser welding.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the blue laser beam 30 and the infrared laser beam 40 may also have other wavelengths, for example, the wavelength of the blue laser beam 30 is 450nm ± 10nm, and the wavelength of the infrared laser beam 40 is 1080nm ± 10nm, which is not limited in the present invention.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, in the step S2, it is assumed that, during welding, the spot center of the blue laser beam 30 precedes the spot center of the infrared laser beam 40 by a distance L in the welding feed direction, and the blue laser beamThe spot 31 of the beam 30 has a diameter dBThe diameter of the spot 41 of the infrared laser beam 40 is dIRWherein L satisfies: 0.5dIR≤L≤dB-0.5dIRThe light spot 41 of the infrared laser beam 40 is enabled to fall in the light spot 31 of the blue laser beam 30, so that the blue laser is adopted for preheating, the absorption rate of the infrared laser is increased along with the increase of the temperature, and the welding defects such as splashing, holes and the like generated in the welding process can be avoided under the action of the infrared laser and the blue laser; in addition, the small-size infrared laser spot is adopted, the welding melting process is ensured to only occur in a very narrow area with the size equivalent to that of the infrared laser spot, and the influence of uneven heat dissipation on two sides on a welding seam molten pool is reduced to the minimum by adopting a higher welding speed, so that the problems of narrow area to be welded and uneven heat dissipation are solved, and the uniformity of the whole welding seam welding process is ensured.
In particular, in this embodiment of the invention, the spot diameter d of the blue laser beam 30 isBIs 600-800 um, the spot diameter d of the infrared laser beam 40IRIs 20-50 um.
It should be noted that the light spot of the blue laser beam 30 may be a circular light spot, a rectangular light spot, or a light spot with other shapes, which is not limited in the present invention.
Specifically, in the step S3, the welding speeds adopted are: 100mm/s-300 mm/s.
It can be understood that through high-speed welding, the welding position only needs to be heated by blue laser in the welding process without producing melting effect, the infrared laser with small spot size realizes welding connection through melting metal, and the high-speed welding and the small spots ensure the minimization of influence of uneven heat dissipation of the hollow area on the welding effect. In this way, an optimum welding effect can be obtained.
It is worth mentioning that the welding feeding performing structure in the steps S4 and S5 may be a welding robot, a machine tool, or other moving structure for realizing the movement of the blue laser and the infrared laser, which is not limited by the invention.
It is worth mentioning that the laser tailor-welding method for the copper sheet is particularly suitable for tailor-welding the copper sheet with the thickness of 0.2-0.5 mm and the uneven heat dissipation structure with the hollow patterns, and is also suitable for welding other thin metal sheets or alloy metal sheets, and the specific application of the laser tailor-welding method for the copper sheet is not limited.
In general, the invention adopts a double-beam welding mode of the blue laser beam 30 and the infrared laser beam and reasonably sets the relative positions of light spots of the double beams, thereby avoiding the problems of poor infrared laser welding quality, more defects of splashing and holes, large size of blue light welding light spot, large size of welding pool and poor welding seam formation caused by large influence of uneven heat dissipation on two sides of a region to be welded. A uniform, high quality weld is obtained.
The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above examples only express preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A laser tailor-welding method for copper sheets is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, fixedly assembling the two copper sheets to be spliced by adopting a welding clamp; and
and S2, welding the splicing seam between the two copper sheets to be spliced in a mode that the centers of the light spots of the blue laser beam and the infrared laser beam are coincident with the central line of the splicing seam between the two copper sheets to be spliced, the blue laser beam is arranged in front of the infrared laser beam along the direction of the central line of the splicing seam, and the center of the light spot of the blue laser beam precedes the center of the light spot of the infrared laser beam in the feeding direction of welding.
2. The laser tailor welding method for copper sheets according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the size Δ of the splice seam between two copper sheets to be spliced is less than or equal to 20 um.
3. The laser tailor welding method for copper sheets according to claim 1, wherein in said step S2, the wavelength of the blue laser beam is 450nm ± 10nm, and the wavelength of the infrared laser beam is 1080nm ± 10 nm.
4. The laser tailor welding method for copper sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in said step S2, it is set that in the welding process, the spot center of the blue laser beam precedes the spot center of the infrared laser beam in the feeding direction of the welding by a distance L, and the spot diameter of the blue laser beam is dBThe spot diameter of the infrared laser beam is dIRWherein L satisfies: 0.5dIR≤L≤dB-0.5dIRSo that the whole light spot of the infrared laser beam is positioned in the light spot of the blue laser beam.
5. The laser tailor welding method for copper sheet according to claim 4, wherein a spot diameter d of the blue laser beamBIs 600-800 um, the spot diameter d of the infrared laser beamIRIs 20-50 um.
6. S3, setting the power of blue laser and infrared laser at a higher welding speed, wherein the blue laser power is set to satisfy the requirement that the blue laser beam heats the welding area without melting the copper sheet, and the infrared laser power is set to satisfy the requirement that the infrared laser beam can melt the copper near the splicing seam and ensure the penetration of the copper sheet.
7. The laser tailor welding method for copper sheet according to claim 6, wherein in said step S3, the welding speed is as follows: 100mm/s-300 mm/s.
8. The laser tailor-welding method for copper sheets according to claim 6, wherein the laser tailor-welding method for copper sheets further comprises the step of S4, turning on the blue laser, the infrared laser and the welding feeding execution structure to complete the copper sheet splicing and obtain the tailor-welded blank.
9. The laser tailor-welding method for copper sheets according to claim 8, wherein the laser tailor-welding method for copper sheets further comprises the steps of S5, turning off the blue laser, the infrared laser and the welding feeding executing structure, loosening the welding fixture, taking out the tailor-welded blank, and completing the welding.
10. The laser tailor-welding method for the copper sheet according to claim 9, wherein the laser tailor-welding method for the copper sheet is suitable for tailor-welding the copper sheet with the uneven heat dissipation structure having the hollowed-out pattern and the thickness of 0.2-0.5 mm.
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| CN114457333A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-05-10 | 广东粤港澳大湾区硬科技创新研究院 | Double-beam composite laser cladding device and cladding method |
| CN114515905A (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-05-20 | 江苏联赢激光有限公司 | Method for preparing precision part through composite laser and laser |
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