CN111347158A - Compound welding set of semiconductor blue light laser and fiber laser - Google Patents
Compound welding set of semiconductor blue light laser and fiber laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN111347158A CN111347158A CN202010202406.3A CN202010202406A CN111347158A CN 111347158 A CN111347158 A CN 111347158A CN 202010202406 A CN202010202406 A CN 202010202406A CN 111347158 A CN111347158 A CN 111347158A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
- B23K26/0648—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising lenses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
- B23K26/0652—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising prisms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of laser processing and manufacturing, and particularly relates to a composite welding device of semiconductor laser and optical fiber laser. The device comprises an optical path isolation protection part and an optical path composite part; the optical path isolation protection part comprises a semiconductor laser reflected light protection device and a fiber laser reflected light protection device; the protective device can enable forward transmission light to pass through, and enables reverse transmission light reflected from the surface of the welding workpiece to be reused after being reflected into forward transmission light. When the laser welding device is used, semiconductor laser incident light and optical fiber laser incident light respectively pass through the semiconductor laser reflected light protection device and the optical fiber laser reflected light protection device, then two laser spots with adjustable relative positions are formed on the surface of a welding workpiece through the light path composite part, and the welding workpiece is welded. The composite welding device can overcome the problems of difficult welding of high-reflectivity materials such as copper and the like, defects in the welding process and low efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of laser processing and manufacturing, and particularly relates to a semiconductor blue laser and optical fiber laser composite welding device.
Background
The current development in automotive electrification significantly increases the need for reliable and efficient welding processes for copper materials. Laser welding of copper materials often results in welding defects due to the low absorption rate and high thermal conductivity of copper at wavelengths around 1 μm. Such welds are subject to many shots and porosities, and strong fluctuations in penetration depth along the weld are often seen. For near and far infrared lasers, high thermal conductivity and extremely low room temperature absorption require high laser power intensity to achieve a deep penetration welding process. In addition, low absorption also leads to a high sensitivity to changes in surface conditions (such as oxidation or roughness), the absorption of infrared radiation rising significantly during the phase transition from solid to liquid. All these features lead to sensitive processes with low reproducibility.
Therefore, under the push of the increasing demand of the power transmission connection assembly of the electric automobile, laser manufacturers are looking for laser light sources capable of having sufficient laser absorption power for copper to realize the manufacturing processes such as welding.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or the improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a composite welding device of semiconductor laser and fiber laser, which prevents a high-reflectivity material from reflecting laser to damage a laser by arranging a laser reflection light protection device and realizes the composite of two laser paths by arranging a light path composite part, thereby solving the technical problems of high laser reflectivity of copper, copper alloy and the like to infrared wavelength, unsatisfactory welding effect of the infrared wavelength laser to the high-reflectivity material and the like in the laser welding process of the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a hybrid welding apparatus of semiconductor laser and fiber laser, comprising an optical path isolation protection part and an optical path composite part; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the optical path isolation protection part comprises a semiconductor laser reflected light protection device and a fiber laser reflected light protection device; the optical path compounding part is used for compounding a semiconductor laser optical path and an optical fiber laser optical path on the surface of a welding workpiece;
when the laser welding device is used, semiconductor laser incident light and optical fiber laser incident light respectively pass through the semiconductor laser reflected light protection device and the optical fiber laser reflected light protection device, then two laser spots with adjustable relative positions are formed on the surface of a welding workpiece through the light path composite part, and the welding workpiece is welded;
the light path isolation protection part is also used for isolating laser reflected from the surface of a welding workpiece, so that the semiconductor laser reflected light and the optical fiber laser reflected light are processed by the light path isolation protection part and then return to the surface of the welding workpiece for welding again;
the semiconductor laser reflected light protection device and the optical fiber laser reflected light protection device are internally provided with a first combined birefringent prism, a magneto-optical rotation material wound with a coil and a second combined birefringent prism;
when the combined birefringent prism is used, the light path transmits light from the forward direction of the laser, and the light path sequentially passes through the first combined birefringent prism, the magneto-optical rotation material wound with the coil and the second combined birefringent prism; the first combined birefringent prism is used for dividing incident light into O light and E light with mutually vertical polarization directions by utilizing total reflection; the magneto-optical active material wound with the coil is used for rotating the polarization plane of incident polarized light by 45 degrees clockwise from the direction opposite to the propagation direction of the light by utilizing the optical effect generated when the magneto-optical active material is electrified; the second combined birefringent prism is used for recombining the two polarized lights separated by the first combined birefringent prism into a light;
when the combined double-refraction prism is used, the light path is the reverse transmission light reflected from the surface of a welding workpiece, and the light path sequentially passes through the second combined double-refraction prism, the magneto-optical rotation material wound with the coil and the first combined double-refraction prism; the second combined birefringent prism is used for dividing incident reflected light into O light and E light with mutually vertical polarization directions by utilizing total reflection; the magneto-optical active material wound with the coil is used for rotating the polarization plane of incident polarized light by 45 degrees clockwise from the direction opposite to the propagation direction of the light by utilizing the optical effect generated when the magneto-optical active material is electrified; the first combined birefringent prism is used for reflecting the two beams of polarized light separated by the second combined birefringent prism into forward transmission light;
the semiconductor laser reflected light protection device and the optical fiber laser reflected light protection device can enable forward transmission light to pass through, and reverse transmission light reflected from the surface of the welding workpiece is recycled after being reflected into forward transmission light.
Preferably, the first combined birefringent prism is composed of one isosceles trapezoidal birefringent prism, one parallelogram birefringent prism, and one right-angled triangular birefringent prism, the lower bottom edge of the isosceles trapezoid birefringent prism and one oblique side of the parallelogram birefringent prism are bonded by glue, the other hypotenuse of the parallelogram birefringent prism and the non-cathetus edge of the direct triangular birefringent prism are bonded by an adhesive, the refractive index of the adhesive is between the refractive indexes of O light and E light, the inner side of the waist of one side of the isosceles trapezoid birefringent prism close to the laser and the inner side of one right-angle side of one side of the right-angle triangular birefringent prism close to the laser are respectively plated with a film capable of totally reflecting the laser, and the incident edge and the emergent edge of the first combined birefringent prism are both coated with films for increasing the reflection of laser.
Preferably, the second combined birefringent prism is composed of a right-angled triangular birefringent prism and two parallelogram birefringent prisms, a non-right-angled side of the right-angled triangular birefringent prism and a hypotenuse of the parallelogram birefringent prism are bonded by an adhesive, the other hypotenuse of the parallelogram birefringent prism and the hypotenuse of the other parallelogram birefringent prism are bonded by an adhesive, the refractive index of the adhesive is between the refractive indexes of the O light and the E light, and the incident side and the emergent side of the second combined birefringent prism are both coated with a film which is anti-reflection to laser.
Preferably, the optical axes of the first and second combined birefringent prisms are at an angle of 45 degrees to each other.
Preferably, the optical path composite part comprises a semiconductor laser transmission component and a fiber laser reflection component, the semiconductor laser transmission component is used for enabling semiconductor laser to form a light spot on a welding workpiece through a transmission principle, and the fiber laser reflection component is used for enabling the fiber laser to form a light spot on the welding workpiece through a reflection principle.
Preferably, the semiconductor laser transmission assembly comprises a semiconductor laser focusing lens and a laser transmission reflecting mirror; the optical fiber laser reflection assembly comprises an optical fiber laser first reflector, an optical fiber laser focusing lens and a laser transmission reflector; the semiconductor laser transmission assembly and the optical fiber laser reflection assembly share one laser transmission reflecting mirror, the laser transmission reflecting mirror is a dichroic mirror, and a transmission surface of the dichroic mirror is used for transmitting the semiconductor laser; the reflecting surface of the dichroic mirror is used for reflecting the optical fiber laser;
when the laser transmission mirror is used, the semiconductor laser forward transmission light sequentially passes through the semiconductor laser focusing lens and the laser transmission reflector to reach the surface of a welding workpiece; the fiber laser forward transmission light sequentially penetrates through the fiber laser first reflector, the fiber laser focusing lens and the laser transmission reflector to reach the surface of a welding workpiece, and the semiconductor laser and the fiber laser pass through the laser transmission reflector to realize the compounding of a light path.
Preferably, the surface of the first reflector of the fiber laser is plated with a film capable of totally reflecting the fiber laser;
when the device is used, the up-and-down movement of the first reflector of the optical fiber laser is adjusted, so that the distance between the light spot of the optical fiber laser and the light spot of the semiconductor laser is changed, and flexible welding is realized; and compensating the movement of the focal point of the fiber laser beam by adjusting the left and right movement of the first reflector of the fiber laser so that the focal point is kept on the surface of the welding workpiece.
Preferably, the optical fiber laser rotation mechanism is further included, and the optical fiber laser rotation mechanism is configured to rotate the optical fiber laser optical path around the semiconductor laser optical path.
Preferably, the device further comprises a laser collimating part for collimating the semiconductor laser and the fiber laser.
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
(1) the semiconductor laser and optical fiber laser combined welding device provided by the invention is provided with a unit for processing reflected return light of a copper material, namely a light path isolation protection part, and can prevent a high-reflectivity material from damaging a laser.
(2) The invention can prevent the damage of the reflected light and reuse the reflected light for welding by specially arranging the specific combined prism structure in the light path isolation protection part.
(3) According to the composite welding device provided by the invention, through the combined design of the lens and the reflector of the composite part of the light path, the distance between two light spots on the copper surface can be flexibly adjusted by controlling the reflector which totally reflects 1060nm fiber laser, so that different light spot distances can be set for materials welded with different thicknesses, and the applicability of the device is increased.
(4) According to the composite welding device provided by the invention, the optical fiber laser light path can rotate by taking the semiconductor laser light path as an axis through the arrangement of the rotary mechanical structure, the welding direction of the copper material is not limited, continuous welding can be carried out in any direction, the application range of the device is further improved, and flexible welding can be carried out according to the irregular boundary welded by the copper material.
(5) The composite welding device of the 450nm semiconductor blue light and the 1060nm fiber laser provided by the invention can be used for well welding high-reflectivity materials such as copper, reducing defects in copper welding and improving welding efficiency and quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure of the device for protecting the laser reflected light when the light path is propagating in the forward direction in the device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure of the device for protecting the laser reflected light when the light path in the device of the present invention is in reverse propagation.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the polarization state in the plane perpendicular to the optical path in the laser reflected light protection device when the optical path is propagating in the forward direction in the device of the present invention. In the figure, (a) and (c) are schematic diagrams of the polarization states of E light and O light which are not passed through the magneto-optical active material, and (b) and (d) are schematic diagrams of the polarization states after passing through the magneto-optical active material.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the polarization state in the plane perpendicular to the optical path in the laser reflective light protection device when the optical path is propagating in the reverse direction in the device of the present invention. In the figure, (a) and (d) are schematic diagrams of the polarization states of E light and O light which are not passed through the magnetooptical material, (b) and (E) are schematic diagrams of the polarization states after passing through the magnetooptical material, and (d) and (f) are schematic diagrams of the polarization states after passing through the magnetooptical material for the second time.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of a mirror that can move up and down on the separation between spots.
The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein: 1-semiconductor laser incident light; 2-fiber laser incident light; 3-semiconductor laser reflected light protection device; 31-a first combined birefringent prism; 311-isosceles trapezoid birefringent prism; 312-a parallelogram birefringent prism; 313-right angle triangular birefringent prism; 32-a magnetically active material wound with a coil; 33-a second combined birefringent prism; 331-right angle triangular birefringent prism; 332-a first parallelogram birefringent prism; 333-a second parallelogram birefringent prism; 4-fiber laser reflected light protection device; 5-semiconductor laser focusing lens; 6-fiber laser focusing lens; 7-fiber laser first reflector; 8-a laser transmission mirror; 9-welding the workpiece; 10-a reflective film; 11-antireflection coating.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Compared with single-beam laser welding, double-beam welding has two beams of laser, namely two heat sources, which inevitably causes the difference of molten pool behaviors in the welding process, thereby causing the difference of weld joint appearances. In the molten pool forming stage, the single-beam welding molten pool is always circular, and the shape of the double-beam welding molten pool is in an ellipse-circle-ellipse evolution process; in the stable welding stage, the molten pool shape of the double-beam welding is different from that of the single-beam welding, and the size of the molten pool is larger than that of the single-beam welding; along with the increase of the distance between the light spots, the width and the length of a molten pool for double-beam welding are reduced and increased. The fusion depth of the double-beam welding seam is smaller than that of the single beam, and the fusion width is larger than that of the single beam; with the increase of the distance between the light spots, the penetration and the fusion width of the double-beam welding line are both reduced; the interaction between the key holes in the double-beam welding process strengthens the melt flow perpendicular to the connecting line direction of the double light spots, and the interaction between the key holes can be weakened by the increase of the distance between the light spots, which is the main reason for causing the difference between the single-beam welding pool behavior and the double-beam welding pool behavior and the appearance of the welding seam.
In general, the parallel dual beam laser welding mechanism depends on the beam spacing. When the beam spacing is large in the parallel dual beam process, the leading beam is usually used as a welding heat source to form a keyhole in the workpiece, and the trailing beam is usually defocused or has a lower laser power to perform the laser welding heat treatment. In this case, the cooling rate is reduced and this feature may benefit some materials that are sensitive to cracks. In addition, the amount of bainite structure increases in the weld metal and the heat-affected zone, and the toughness of the weld is expected to increase. When the spacing is reduced to a certain extent, the dual laser beams still produce two separate keyholes, although the two laser beams interact in a common weld pool. Due to the change of the direction of the flow of the molten metal in the molten pool, only humps and irregular welding can be prevented. When the beam spacing between the phases is further reduced to a point where the two laser beams are close enough to form a common keyhole in the weld pool, control of the spot spacing between the two beams during welding is extremely important, and the present invention is based on this consideration to design a flexible and adaptable device capable of freely controlling the spot spacing between the two beams.
The invention provides a compound welding device of semiconductor laser and optical fiber laser, which is a compound welding device of semiconductor blue light and optical fiber laser and comprises a light path isolation protection part and a light path compound part; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the optical path isolation protection part comprises a semiconductor laser reflected light protection device and a fiber laser reflected light protection device; the optical path compounding part is used for compounding a semiconductor laser optical path and an optical fiber laser optical path on the surface of a welding workpiece;
when the laser welding device is used, semiconductor laser incident light and optical fiber laser incident light respectively pass through the semiconductor laser reflected light protection device and the optical fiber laser reflected light protection device, then two laser spots with adjustable relative positions are formed on the surface of a welding workpiece through the light path composite part, and the welding workpiece is welded;
the light path isolation protection part is also used for isolating laser reflected from the surface of a welding workpiece, so that the semiconductor laser reflected light and the optical fiber laser reflected light are processed by the light path isolation protection part and then return to the surface of the welding workpiece for welding again;
the semiconductor laser reflected light protection device and the optical fiber laser reflected light protection device are internally provided with a first combined birefringent prism, a magneto-optical rotation material wound with a coil and a second combined birefringent prism;
when the combined birefringent prism is used, the light path transmits light from the forward direction of the laser, and the light path sequentially passes through the first combined birefringent prism, the magneto-optical rotation material wound with the coil and the second combined birefringent prism; the first combined birefringent prism is used for dividing incident light into O light and E light with mutually vertical polarization directions by utilizing total reflection; the magneto-optical active material wound with the coil is used for rotating the polarization plane of incident polarized light by 45 degrees clockwise from the direction opposite to the propagation direction of the light by utilizing the optical effect generated when the magneto-optical active material is electrified; the second combined birefringent prism is used for recombining the two polarized lights separated by the first combined birefringent prism into a light;
when the combined double-refraction prism is used, the light path is the reverse transmission light reflected from the surface of a welding workpiece, and the light path sequentially passes through the second combined double-refraction prism, the magneto-optical rotation material wound with the coil and the first combined double-refraction prism; the second combined birefringent prism is used for dividing incident reflected light into O light and E light with mutually vertical polarization directions by utilizing total reflection; the magneto-optical active material wound with the coil is used for rotating the polarization plane of incident polarized light by 45 degrees clockwise from the direction opposite to the propagation direction of the light by utilizing the optical effect generated when the magneto-optical active material is electrified; the first combined birefringent prism is used for totally reflecting the two polarized lights separated by the second combined birefringent prism to the forward transmission light;
the semiconductor laser reflected light protection device and the optical fiber laser reflected light protection device can enable forward transmission light to pass through, and reverse transmission light reflected from the surface of the welding workpiece is recycled after being reflected into forward transmission light.
The forward transmission light refers to a laser light path along the laser incidence direction, and the reverse transmission light refers to a laser light path opposite to the laser incidence direction.
In some embodiments, the first combined birefringent prism is disposed in a laser light path on a side close to the laser, which is composed of an isosceles trapezoid birefringent prism, a parallelogram birefringent prism and a right-angled triangle birefringent prism, the lower bottom edge of the isosceles trapezoid birefringent prism and one oblique side of the parallelogram birefringent prism are bonded by glue, the other hypotenuse of the parallelogram birefringent prism and the non-cathetus edge of the direct triangular birefringent prism are bonded by an adhesive, the refractive index of the adhesive is between the refractive indexes of O light and E light, the inner side of the waist of one side of the isosceles trapezoid birefringent prism close to the laser and the inner side of one right-angle side of one side of the right-angle triangular birefringent prism close to the laser are respectively plated with a film capable of totally reflecting the laser, and the incident edge and the emergent edge of the first combined birefringent prism are both coated with films for increasing the reflection of laser.
In some embodiments, the second combined birefringent prism is arranged in the laser light path on the side close to the welding workpiece, and is composed of a right-angled triangular birefringent prism and two parallelogram birefringent prisms, the non-right-angled side of the right-angled triangular birefringent prism and one hypotenuse of the parallelogram birefringent prism are bonded by an adhesive, the other hypotenuse of the parallelogram birefringent prism and the hypotenuse of the other parallelogram birefringent prism are bonded by an adhesive, the refractive index of the adhesive is between the refractive indices of O light and E light, and the incident side and the emergent side of the second combined birefringent prism are coated with a film for increasing the transmission of laser light.
In some embodiments, the optical axes of the first and second combined birefringent prisms are at an angle of 45 degrees to each other.
In some embodiments, the optical path combining part comprises a semiconductor laser transmission component and a fiber laser reflection component, the semiconductor laser transmission component is used for enabling the semiconductor laser to form a light spot on the welding workpiece through a transmission principle, and the fiber laser reflection component is used for enabling the fiber laser to form a light spot on the welding workpiece through a reflection principle.
In some embodiments, the semiconductor laser transmission assembly comprises a semiconductor laser focusing lens and a laser transmission mirror; the optical fiber laser reflection assembly comprises an optical fiber laser first reflector, an optical fiber laser focusing lens and a laser transmission reflector; the semiconductor laser transmission component and the optical fiber laser reflection component share one laser transmission reflector, namely only one laser transmission reflector is arranged in the whole light path protection part. The laser transmission reflecting mirror is a dichroic mirror, and a transmission surface of the dichroic mirror is used for transmitting the semiconductor laser; the reflecting surface of the dichroic mirror is used for reflecting the fiber laser.
When the laser transmission mirror is used, the semiconductor laser forward transmission light sequentially passes through the semiconductor laser focusing lens and the laser transmission reflector to reach the surface of a welding workpiece; the fiber laser forward transmission light sequentially penetrates through the fiber laser first reflector, the fiber laser focusing lens and the laser transmission reflector to reach the surface of a welding workpiece, and the semiconductor laser and the fiber laser pass through the laser transmission reflector to realize the compounding of a light path.
In some embodiments, the surface of the first reflector of the fiber laser is plated with a film capable of totally reflecting the fiber laser; when the device is used, the up-and-down movement of the first reflector of the optical fiber laser is adjusted, so that the distance between the light spot of the optical fiber laser and the light spot of the semiconductor is changed, and flexible welding is realized; and compensating the movement of the focal point of the fiber laser beam by adjusting the left and right movement of the first reflector of the fiber laser so that the focal point is kept on the surface of the welding workpiece.
In some embodiments, the optical fiber laser welding device further comprises a fiber laser rotation mechanism, and the fiber laser rotation mechanism is configured to rotate the fiber laser optical path around the semiconductor laser optical path as an axis, so that a light spot of the fiber laser can be welded at any position around the semiconductor laser light spot in any direction.
In some embodiments, the incident laser entering the optical path isolation protection portion is collimated laser that respectively performs laser collimation on the semiconductor laser and the fiber laser through a laser collimating portion; the laser collimating part comprises a first collimating mirror and a second collimating mirror for semiconductor laser collimation, and a third collimating mirror for fiber laser collimation. The semiconductor blue laser and the fiber laser of the present invention can be laser-collimated according to a laser collimating method commonly used in the prior art.
In the initial process of welding, the absorption rate of high-reflectivity materials such as copper to laser is not high, and the laser is easily reflected back to the laser so as to damage the laser.
The semiconductor laser and the optical fiber laser can be semiconductor laser and optical fiber laser with any wavelength, and after the proper laser wavelength is selected, the welding function of the composite welding device can be realized only by matching and arranging the materials of the optical path isolation protection part assembly. The semiconductor laser may be a green laser or a blue laser, for example, in some embodiments, a semiconductor blue laser with a wavelength of 450nm is used, and the fiber laser is a 1060nm fiber laser.
The arrangement of the fiber laser rotating mechanical structure can refer to the arrangement of rotating mechanical structures in the prior art, and only the fiber laser light path part can rotate by taking the light path of the semiconductor blue laser as an axis. For example, a gear driven by a motor can be installed on the composite optical path portion, so that the fiber laser can rotate in the optical path like a mechanical arm.
The invention provides a composite welding device of semiconductor laser and optical fiber laser, which is mainly suitable for welding workpiece materials with low absorptivity and high thermal conductivity, taking copper as an example, and solves the problem of difficult welding processing caused by the high infrared laser reflectivity characteristic of pure copper and copper alloy.
The composite welding device provided by the invention can preheat a copper material by using a 450nm semiconductor blue laser and improve the absorptivity of the copper material to infrared wavelength laser by controlling a rotary mechanical structure to enable an optical fiber laser spot to be positioned behind a semiconductor laser spot in a welding direction.
The composite welding device comprises a laser collimation part, a light path isolation protection part and a light path composite part in some embodiments. The laser collimating part is divided into a first collimating mirror and a second collimating mirror for semiconductor laser collimation and a third collimating mirror for fiber laser collimation; the optical path isolation protection part consists of two birefringence polarization prisms in special shapes and a Faraday rotator; the light path composite part consists of a focusing lens, a reflector and a plane mirror for transmitting 450nm semiconductor blue light laser and reflecting 1060nm fiber laser; the invention overcomes the problems of difficult welding, defects in the welding process and low efficiency of high-reflectivity materials such as copper, can realize the preheating treatment of copper by using the 450nm semiconductor blue light laser in the welding process, can freely adjust the distance between the 450nm semiconductor blue light spot and the 1060nm optical fiber spot, and realizes the two-dimensional space movement freedom degree of the composite light beam in the welding process.
The following are examples:
example 1
The device for the composite welding of 450nm semiconductor laser and 1060nm fiber laser is shown in fig. 1, and comprises two optical paths, wherein the optical path of the semiconductor laser adopts a transmission mode, and the optical fiber laser adopts a reflection mode for composite.
Since the absorption rate of the high-reflectivity material such as copper to the laser is not high in the initial welding process, and the laser is easily reflected back to the laser to damage the laser, a structure for preventing the high-reflectivity material such as copper from damaging the laser due to reflection is designed (a semiconductor laser reflected light protection device 3 and a fiber laser reflected light protection device 4 in fig. 1, wherein 1 is collimated semiconductor laser incident light which is subjected to collimation, and 2 is collimated fiber laser incident light which is subjected to collimation).
The 450nm semiconductor laser reflected light protection device 3 includes a first combined birefringent prism 31, a magneto-optical active material 32 (equivalent to a faraday rotator) wound with a coil, and a second combined birefringent prism 33;
the 1060nm fiber laser reflected light protection device 4 also includes a first combined birefringent prism 31, a coil wound magneto-optically active material 32, and a second combined birefringent prism 33.
The first combined birefringent prism 31 is arranged on a light path at one side of the laser and comprises an isosceles trapezoid birefringent prism 311, a parallelogram birefringent prism 312 and a right-angled triangle birefringent prism 313, wherein the lower bottom edge of the isosceles trapezoid birefringent prism 311 and one bevel edge of the parallelogram birefringent prism 312 are bonded through an adhesive, the other bevel edge of the parallelogram birefringent prism 312 and the non-right-angle edge of the direct triangle birefringent prism 313 are bonded through an adhesive, the refractive index of the adhesive is between the refractive indexes of O light and E light, the inner sides of the waist of the isosceles trapezoid birefringent prism 311 close to one side of the laser and the inner sides of the right-angled edge of the right-angled triangle birefringent prism 313 close to one side of the laser are respectively plated with a film reflecting film 10 capable of totally reflecting the laser, and the incident edge and the emergent edge of the first combined birefringent prism are both plated with an antireflection film 11 for the laser.
The second combined birefringent prism 33 is arranged on the light path on one side of the welding workpiece and comprises a right-angled triangular birefringent prism 331, a first parallelogram birefringent prism 332 and a second parallelogram birefringent prism 333, the non-right-angled side of the right-angled triangular birefringent prism 331 and one hypotenuse of the first parallelogram birefringent prism 332 are bonded through an adhesive, the other hypotenuse of the first parallelogram birefringent prism 332 and the hypotenuse of the second parallelogram birefringent prism 333 are bonded through an adhesive, the refractive index of the adhesive is between the refractive indexes of O light and E light, and the incident side and the emergent side of the second combined birefringent prism 33 are both plated with a laser antireflection film 11.
The optical axes of first combined birefringent prism 31 and second combined birefringent prism 33 form an angle of 45 degrees with each other. The optical axes of the two combined birefringent prisms are both in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the paper, the optical axis of the first combined birefringent prism 31 is directed out of the plane of the paper, and the optical axis of the second combined birefringent prism 33 forms an angle of 45 degrees with the direction out of the plane of the paper.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of forward propagating light propagation in this structure, which may be polarization independent for semiconductor laser incident light 1 and fiber laser incident light 2, so that after passing through the first adhesive interface of the first combined birefringent prism 31, it will be split into two O light and E light with mutually perpendicular polarization states as shown in fig. 4 (a) and (c). The reason is that O light and E light have different refractive indices in the crystal (considering nE＜nO) The total reflection condition is satisfied by controlling the included angle between the incident light and the bonding interface, so that the O light can generate total reflection and the E light can pass through as usual, and the refractive index of the bonding agent needs to be between the refractive indexes of the O light and the E light and is as close to the refractive index of the E light as possible. The two polarized lights with polarization states perpendicular to each other then pass through the coil-wound magneto-optically active material 32 with their respective polarization planes rotated clockwise by 45 ° as viewed against the direction of propagation of the light, as shown in fig. 4 (b) and (d). When passing through the second combined birefringent prism 33, the polarized light with the changed polarization state is still O light (the polarization direction is perpendicular to the optical axis direction) and E light (the polarization direction is parallel to the optical axis direction) for the second group of birefringent prisms, so that the total reflection of the O light can still be realized, and the E light is normally transmitted, thereby synthesizing a beam of light.
In this example, an iceberg crystal was selected as a material for making a birefringent prism having a refractive index n for a 1060nm fiber laserO、nE1.64 and 1.48 respectively, canadian gum with the refractive index of 1.53 is selected as a binder, and the O light and the E light can be separated as long as the incident angle is more than 68 degrees; for a semiconductor laser of 450nm, the refractive index nO、nE1.67 and 1.49 respectively, canadian gum with a refractive index of 1.53 was chosen as the binder, enabling separation of O and E as long as an angle of incidence of greater than 66 degrees was met.
However, in the case of a material having a high reflectivity such as copper, a reflection phenomenon occurs in the laser light incident from the laser to the copper surface, as shown in fig. 3, the reflected light is also divided into O light and E light by the second combined birefringent prism 33, as shown in (a) and (d) of fig. 5, the respective polarization planes are rotated by 45 ° clockwise as viewed from the direction opposite to the direction of light propagation after passing through the coil-wound magnetostrictive material 32, as shown in (b) and (E) of fig. 5, the original O light becomes E light and the original E light becomes O light for the first combined birefringent prism 31, so that the optical path shown in fig. 3 is generated, the O light and the E light are reflected by the one total reflection film 11 coated on the first combined birefringent prism 31 and the other total reflection film 11 coated on the first combined birefringent prism 31, return to the original path, and pass through the coil-wound magnetostrictive material 32 once, the polarization plane is rotated clockwise by 45 ° as shown in fig. 5 (c) and (f), and the original O light, as shown in fig. 5 (d), becomes the E light for the second combined birefringent prism 33, and as shown in fig. 5 (f), the polarization direction is parallel to the optical axis, and the total reflection does not occur, and the light passes directly through the second combined birefringent prism 33. The original E light, as shown in fig. 5 (a), becomes O light, as shown in fig. 5 (c), the polarization direction is perpendicular to the optical axis, and after two total reflections, the E light is emitted perpendicularly to the crystal surface, resulting in the optical path shown in fig. 3. With the configurations shown in fig. 2 and 3, forward propagating light can be passed through while reverse light can be reused.
The optical path composite part in the embodiment comprises a semiconductor laser transmission component and a fiber laser reflection component, wherein the semiconductor laser transmission component comprises a semiconductor laser focusing lens 5 and a laser transmission reflector 8; the fiber laser reflection assembly comprises a fiber laser first reflection mirror 7, a fiber laser focusing lens 6 and a laser transmission reflection mirror 8, wherein the laser transmission reflection mirror 8 is a dichroic mirror and transmits semiconductor laser and reflects fiber laser, and the reflection and transmission of different wavelengths can be realized by selecting a DSMP680B product of THORLABS.
When the laser welding device is used, semiconductor laser forward transmission light sequentially passes through the semiconductor laser focusing lens 5 and the laser transmission reflecting mirror 8 to reach the surface of a welding workpiece 9 (copper in the embodiment); the fiber laser forward transmission light sequentially passes through the fiber laser first reflector 7, the fiber laser focusing lens 6 and the laser transmission reflector 8 to reach the surface of a welding workpiece, and the semiconductor laser and the fiber laser pass through the laser transmission reflector 8 to realize the compounding of a light path.
However, in practical application, the distance between the two light beam spots has a crucial influence on the welding effect, and the fiber laser first reflecting mirror 7 which can move up and down, the reflecting mirror which reflects all the fiber laser and the fiber laser focusing lens 6 which moves right and left along with the reflecting mirror as shown in fig. 6, and the focusing lens which focuses the fiber laser are arranged.
In order to enhance the applicability, the fiber laser optical path is set to be a mechanical structure which can rotate around the semiconductor laser optical path, and specifically, the rotating mechanical structure can enable the whole fiber laser optical path to comprise the fiber laser incident light 2, the fiber laser reflected light protection device 4, the fiber laser first reflection mirror 7, the fiber laser focusing lens 6 and the laser transmission reflection mirror 8 to rotate around the semiconductor laser optical path, so that the welding can be carried out in any direction of the welding plane. In the welding process, when the welding spot travels to the end of the path, the welding path can be adjusted only by adjusting the position of the fiber laser relative to the semiconductor laser, and the workpiece does not need to be moved, particularly for workpieces with large sizes.
The invention provides a composite welding device of 450nm semiconductor blue light and 1060nm fiber laser, which starts from the welding effect, the protection of a laser, the applicability of actual welding and the like.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A compound welding device of semiconductor laser and fiber laser is characterized by comprising an optical path isolation protection part and an optical path compound part; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the optical path isolation protection part comprises a semiconductor laser reflected light protection device and a fiber laser reflected light protection device; the optical path compounding part is used for compounding a semiconductor laser optical path and an optical fiber laser optical path on the surface of a welding workpiece;
when the laser welding device is used, semiconductor laser incident light and optical fiber laser incident light respectively pass through the semiconductor laser reflected light protection device and the optical fiber laser reflected light protection device, then two laser spots with adjustable relative positions are formed on the surface of a welding workpiece through the light path composite part, and the welding workpiece is welded;
the light path isolation protection part is also used for isolating laser reflected from the surface of a welding workpiece, so that the semiconductor laser reflected light and the optical fiber laser reflected light are processed by the light path isolation protection part and then return to the surface of the welding workpiece for welding again;
the semiconductor laser reflected light protection device and the optical fiber laser reflected light protection device are internally provided with a first combined birefringent prism, a magneto-optical rotation material wound with a coil and a second combined birefringent prism;
when the combined birefringent prism is used, the light path transmits light from the forward direction of the laser, and the light path sequentially passes through the first combined birefringent prism, the magneto-optical rotation material wound with the coil and the second combined birefringent prism; the first combined birefringent prism is used for dividing incident light into O light and E light with mutually vertical polarization directions by utilizing total reflection; the magneto-optical active material wound with the coil is used for rotating the polarization plane of incident polarized light by 45 degrees clockwise from the direction opposite to the propagation direction of the light by utilizing the optical effect generated when the magneto-optical active material is electrified; the second combined birefringent prism is used for recombining the two polarized lights separated by the first combined birefringent prism into a light;
when the combined double-refraction prism is used, the light path is the reverse transmission light reflected from the surface of a welding workpiece, and the light path sequentially passes through the second combined double-refraction prism, the magneto-optical rotation material wound with the coil and the first combined double-refraction prism; the second combined birefringent prism is used for dividing incident reflected light into O light and E light with mutually vertical polarization directions by utilizing total reflection; the magneto-optical active material wound with the coil is used for rotating the polarization plane of incident polarized light by 45 degrees clockwise from the direction opposite to the propagation direction of the light by utilizing the optical effect generated when the magneto-optical active material is electrified; the first combined birefringent prism is used for reflecting the two beams of polarized light separated by the second combined birefringent prism into forward transmission light;
the semiconductor laser reflected light protection device and the optical fiber laser reflected light protection device can enable forward transmission light to pass through, and reverse transmission light reflected from the surface of the welding workpiece is recycled after being reflected into forward transmission light.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first combined birefringent prism is comprised of one isosceles trapezoidal birefringent prism, one parallelogram birefringent prism, and one right-angled triangular birefringent prism, the lower bottom edge of the isosceles trapezoid birefringent prism and one oblique side of the parallelogram birefringent prism are bonded by glue, the other hypotenuse of the parallelogram birefringent prism and the non-cathetus edge of the direct triangular birefringent prism are bonded by an adhesive, the refractive index of the adhesive is between the refractive indexes of O light and E light, the inner side of the waist of one side of the isosceles trapezoid birefringent prism close to the laser and the inner side of one right-angle side of one side of the right-angle triangular birefringent prism close to the laser are respectively plated with a film capable of totally reflecting the laser, and the incident edge and the emergent edge of the first combined birefringent prism are both coated with films for increasing the reflection of laser.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second combined birefringent prism is composed of one right-angled triangular birefringent prism and two parallelogram birefringent prisms, a non-right-angled side of the right-angled triangular birefringent prism and one hypotenuse of the parallelogram birefringent prism are bonded by a glue, the other hypotenuse of the parallelogram birefringent prism and the hypotenuse of the other parallelogram birefringent prism are bonded by a glue, the refractive index of the glue is between the refractive indices of the O light and the E light, and both the incident side and the exit side of the second combined birefringent prism are coated with a film that is transparent to laser light.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the optical axes of the first and second combined birefringent prisms are at an angle of 45 degrees to each other.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the optical path combining section includes a semiconductor laser transmission member for causing the semiconductor laser to form a spot on the welding workpiece by a transmission principle and a fiber laser reflection member for causing the fiber laser to form a spot on the welding workpiece by a reflection principle.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the semiconductor laser transmission assembly comprises a semiconductor laser focusing lens and a laser transmission mirror; the optical fiber laser reflection assembly comprises an optical fiber laser first reflector, an optical fiber laser focusing lens and a laser transmission reflector; the semiconductor laser transmission assembly and the optical fiber laser reflection assembly share one laser transmission reflecting mirror, the laser transmission reflecting mirror is a dichroic mirror, and a transmission surface of the dichroic mirror is used for transmitting the semiconductor laser; the reflecting surface of the dichroic mirror is used for reflecting the optical fiber laser;
when the laser transmission mirror is used, the semiconductor laser forward transmission light sequentially passes through the semiconductor laser focusing lens and the laser transmission reflector to reach the surface of a welding workpiece; the fiber laser forward transmission light sequentially penetrates through the fiber laser first reflector, the fiber laser focusing lens and the laser transmission reflector to reach the surface of a welding workpiece, and the semiconductor laser and the fiber laser pass through the laser transmission reflector to realize the compounding of a light path.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the surface of the first reflector of the fiber laser is coated with a film capable of totally reflecting the fiber laser;
when the device is used, the up-and-down movement of the first reflector of the optical fiber laser is adjusted, so that the distance between the light spot of the optical fiber laser and the light spot of the semiconductor laser is changed, and flexible welding is realized; and compensating the movement of the focal point of the fiber laser beam by adjusting the left and right movement of the first reflector of the fiber laser so that the focal point is kept on the surface of the welding workpiece.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a fiber laser rotation mechanism for rotating the fiber laser optical path about the semiconductor laser optical path.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a laser collimating portion for collimating the semiconductor laser and the fiber laser.
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| CN112676702A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-04-20 | 武汉凌云光电科技有限责任公司 | Method and equipment for precise micro-welding of nonferrous metal by composite dual-wavelength |
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