CN114251171A - 船用二甲醚燃气发动机 - Google Patents

船用二甲醚燃气发动机 Download PDF

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CN114251171A
CN114251171A CN202011055587.8A CN202011055587A CN114251171A CN 114251171 A CN114251171 A CN 114251171A CN 202011055587 A CN202011055587 A CN 202011055587A CN 114251171 A CN114251171 A CN 114251171A
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dimethyl ether
gas
engine
pressure
fuel gas
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曹永成
陈兴曾
曹植君
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Xiangshan Yongfeng New Energy Co ltd
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Xiangshan Yongfeng New Energy Co ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B43/00Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
    • F02B43/10Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开一种液压二甲醚,经汽化及减压形成低压或微正压二甲醚燃气,进入进气系统与空气混合,按设定混合浓度供发动机压燃做功,作为船用发动机的动力源,本发明与柴油能源发动机比较具有节能费用40%,减排50%左右,能源清洁的优点。

Description

船用二甲醚燃气发动机
技术领域:二甲醚的液压贮存、汽化后成气态二甲醚作为发动机的动力源。3L液态二甲醚可汽化成1m3的气态二甲醚,体积扩大330倍之多,每m3气态二甲醚的热值为15500Kcal/m3,是天然气的1.8倍。
背景技术:近年来,由于石油能源燃料价格的上涨,同时为了保护环境,要求使用更加洁净的能源,而二甲醚燃料正被人们公认为除了氢燃料外最洁净的燃料之一。当今世界经济的飞速发展,对能源的需求及依赖却越来越大,一次能源的石油只能维持数拾年。人们预言以煤及其它原料而制成的二次二甲醚能源,将成为二十一世纪的主要能源之一。
发明内容:含量为99%以上的二甲醚燃料用于改进后的发动机,其产生的烟气量仅为柴油发动机烟气量的50%左右,燃料消耗费是柴油的60%左右。二甲醚能源的烟气中不含硫及硫化物,烟气毒性大幅降低,对人类的危害性得到改善。二甲醚燃气发动机,保持了原柴油发动机压燃式的特性。但在原柴油机的结构基础上作了两个颠覆性的改进及一个调整。
一、颠覆了原柴油机的高压喷雾的燃油供给方式,现改进为低压或微正压的二甲醚燃气从发动机进气系统供给的方式,二甲醚燃气供气压力控制在50毫米水柱至5000毫米水柱之间。消除了原高压燃油系统经常出现的由于机械磨损影响燃烧效果,不得不经常停机维修,增加维修成本影响作业时间。
二、颠覆进排气配气系统,进排气叠开角为0度,作用有三:
1.混空二甲醚燃气,不致因叠开再而排出机体。
2.缸内始终保留一个燃烧室容积的高温度废气,可在原减排的基础上再减少一个燃烧室体积的废气排放量。
3.发动机的负荷增减,燃气进量也随之增减,燃烧室内的废气量不变的情况下,随着负荷增减,燃烧室内废气的温度也随之升或降,所以处理和重整所产生的H2和CO的量随之增减,使着火时刻也得到有效控制。
由于二甲醚的热分解温度较低,发动机的排气温度足以使二甲醚分解为H2和CO等,使缸内二甲醚均质的量适当减少,着火点后延,使着火时刻控制在适当的时段。
三、一个调整就是对发动机的压缩比作适当的调整。
压缩比是发动机的一个重要结构参数,因此对于它的选择主要是能压燃缸内的混合燃气,避免过高的爆发压力及过早出现,并保证发动机的冷起动性和在所有工况下获得可靠和有效的燃烧。
当空气与二甲醚燃气的混合燃气,压缩到2.5MPa时,混合燃气的自燃温度在200~300℃之间,所以选择的压缩比只要满足实际压缩终点温度比二甲醚混空燃气的自燃温度高出120℃以上即可。
选择压缩比为11的增压风压为0.14MPa的发动机进气温度从0℃~40℃的适应性按理论公式计算可知,压缩终点压力Pco=3.2MPa~3.55MPa,进气温度从0℃~40℃,压缩终点的温度Tco=360℃~487℃。
假设当外界气温低于0℃影响到冷动起时,可改为发动机仓内进气的方式,以克服冷车起动困难问题。
四、从燃烧平衡方程式可知,二甲醚燃气是除氢燃料之外最洁净的燃料之一。同样产生1Kcal的热量。
1.柴油产生的烟气量是1.112m3/Kcal+少量硫及硫化物;
2.二甲醚燃气产生的烟气量是0.685m3/Kcal。
上述可知,二甲醚燃烧的燃气量理论上是柴油的59%,但实际排放减去10%左右残留在燃烧室内废气量,所以实际废气排放只占柴油机排放的50%左右。
附图说明
(图1)二甲醚燃气发动机线路图说明
实施例:
东海某渔业基地有数千条发动机功率为500KW的标准化捕捞船,燃油消耗按195克·KW·时计算,每天按16小时,一个航次15天计算, 195克·KW·时×500KW×16小时/天×15天=23.4吨
全年按16个航次计算,需消耗柴油374.4吨×7000元/吨=262.08万元/年由于二甲醚每吨售价在4000元左右,耗资150万左右,只占柴油耗资的57.2%
烟气量的计算,柴油消耗按195克/千瓦·时×500千瓦=97.5公斤/时,每天16小时=1.56吨/天
97.5公斤/时×1.05万大卡/公斤×1.112米3/大卡=1138.41米3/时×16 小时/天=18214.56m3/T
15天排放27.32万M3,16航次/年=437.15万M3/年+一定量的硫及硫化物,二甲醚废气排放仅为柴油的50%左右,只排放220万M3/年·船。
总论是:二甲醚燃气与柴油相比,实现节能费用40%以上,减排50%左右,发动机的机械磨损大幅降低,使用寿命延长,维修保养费用有较大幅度的下降。
参考文件
1.专利号:ZL201110339073X
2.专利号:201910444967.1
3.国家发改委2005-2895号文件。

Claims (3)

1.二甲醚燃气发动机的配气系统、进排气叠开角为0度。
2.二甲醚燃气的进气压力为低压或微正压,输配压力为50毫米水柱至5000毫米水柱。
3.二甲醚燃气发动机的压缩比为9∶1~12∶1,保留发动机压燃作功。
CN202011055587.8A 2020-09-25 2020-09-25 船用二甲醚燃气发动机 Pending CN114251171A (zh)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1542262A (zh) * 2003-05-01 2004-11-03 晏家全 改进型内燃发动机
CN201461077U (zh) * 2009-05-26 2010-05-12 杨勇华 二甲醚气体内燃发动机
CN102705068A (zh) * 2012-06-27 2012-10-03 北京理工大学 任意燃料压燃式内燃机

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1542262A (zh) * 2003-05-01 2004-11-03 晏家全 改进型内燃发动机
CN201461077U (zh) * 2009-05-26 2010-05-12 杨勇华 二甲醚气体内燃发动机
CN102705068A (zh) * 2012-06-27 2012-10-03 北京理工大学 任意燃料压燃式内燃机

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
胡铁刚等: "压缩比对均质充量压缩燃烧发动机燃烧特性影响的研究", 《内燃机工程》, vol. 27, no. 4, pages 10 - 12 *

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