CN114247862A - Method for improving ladle self-opening rate - Google Patents
Method for improving ladle self-opening rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN114247862A CN114247862A CN202111419290.XA CN202111419290A CN114247862A CN 114247862 A CN114247862 A CN 114247862A CN 202111419290 A CN202111419290 A CN 202111419290A CN 114247862 A CN114247862 A CN 114247862A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
- B22D11/161—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for automatic starting the casting process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/005—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like with heating or cooling means
- B22D41/01—Heating means
- B22D41/015—Heating means with external heating, i.e. the heat source not being a part of the ladle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/02—Linings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/14—Closures
- B22D41/44—Consumable closure means, i.e. closure means being used only once
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/072—Treatment with gases
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a method for improving the self-opening rate of a steel ladle, which is characterized in that a steel ladle turnover control model is established by reasonably controlling a water distribution process, a health-care process and a standby ladle in the process of pouring the steel ladle, the baking process of the steel ladle is optimized, the physical and chemical indexes and the grain-level structure of drainage sand are optimized, the sand adding and putting process of the drainage sand is optimized, the steel tapping system is optimized, the adding time and the adding time of alloy are optimized, and the external refining process is optimized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy, in particular to a method for improving the self-opening rate of a steel ladle.
Background
The ladle self-opening means that when continuous casting is started, the drainage sand automatically flows out from a water gap, and ladle molten steel naturally flows out from the water gap after a sintered layer of the drainage sand is crushed by using the static pressure of the molten steel and the instant negative pressure difference of opening of the water gap. Whether the ladle can be automatically cast or not is the key of whether the long-nozzle argon protection can be effectively implemented or not, the secondary oxidation of molten steel is reduced, and the precondition of realizing high-efficiency continuous casting production technologies such as continuous casting triple constant, tundish metallurgical function and the like is also provided.
At present, a continuous casting machine of a steel plant achieves high drawing speed capability of more than 3.5m/min, and under the high drawing speed production condition, the unplanned cast-off accident is easily caused when the time of the ladle not automatically opening and draining exceeds 5 min.
The current ladle self-opening control technology is basically controlled at the self-opening rate of 95.5 to 99.0 percent. It can be seen that there is a close to 1% probability that the ladle will not be opened by itself, and for an enterprise producing 3.5 thousand ladles of molten steel a year, it means that 350 ladles of molten steel will not be opened by itself, and on average, approximately 1 ladle of molten steel will not be opened by itself a day.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving the self-opening rate of a steel ladle, which is used for carrying out production process technical research aiming at the problem that the steel ladle is not opened, solving the factors influencing the non-opening of the steel ladle in the steel-making production process, improving the self-opening rate of the steel ladle and stabilizing the high-efficiency production operation of steel-making.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a method for improving the ladle self-opening rate comprises the following steps of:
1) adding water into the castable for uniformly mixing according to the water content of 4-6 wt% in the ladle pouring process, wherein the curing time of the ladle formed by pouring is not less than 48 hours;
2) establishing a baking model and a heating curve model of the steel ladle, wherein the baking temperature of the steel ladle is not lower than 800 ℃;
3) adjusting the batching grade number of the drainage sand, wherein the particle size distribution of the drainage sand is as follows: 2 to 3 weight percent of granularity less than 0.154mm, 96 to 97.5 weight percent of granularity 0.154 to 2.0mm, and 0.5 to 1 weight percent of granularity more than 2.0 mm;
4) improving the tapping temperature of the converter, wherein the temperature measurement temperature of molten steel in a ladle is not lower than 1580 ℃ when the converter taps into an argon blowing station;
5) ensuring that the external refining heating time of each ladle is more than or equal to 15 minutes, the total external refining time of each ladle is more than or equal to 25 minutes, and the argon blowing time of each ladle is more than or equal to 10 minutes in the first 3-5 ladles of the new steel ladle on the wire.
Preferably, in the step 2), the baking temperature of the ladle bottom part of the ladle is not lower than 600 ℃.
Preferably, in the step 3), Cr in the drainage sand2O3The content is controlled to be 20wt percent to 40wt percent.
Preferably, in the step 3), after the ladle is filled with the drainage sand, the drainage sand forms a boss with the thickness of 30 mm-50 mm in the ladle.
Preferably, in the step 4), the alloy adding time is reasonably controlled as follows: the feeding was started at the time of tapping 1/4 and was completed at the time of tapping 3/4.
Preferably, in the step 5), the temperature of the molten steel after the external refining and heating of the new ladle is 10-15 ℃ higher than that required in the continuous casting.
Preferably, in the step 5), argon is blown to strongly stir until the temperature of the molten steel is reduced to the temperature required by continuous casting, the argon blowing amount is increased to prevent the steel from being cooled at the bottom of the ladle, the argon flow is controlled to be 600 NL/min-1000 NL/min, and the argon blowing time is not less than 5 minutes.
The application provides a method for improving the self-opening rate of a steel ladle, which is characterized in that a steel ladle turnover control model is established by reasonably controlling a water distribution process, a health-care process and a standby ladle in the process of pouring the steel ladle, the baking process of the steel ladle is optimized, the physical and chemical indexes and the grain-level structure of drainage sand are optimized, the sand adding and putting process of the drainage sand is optimized, the steel tapping system is optimized, the adding time and the adding time of alloy are optimized, and the external refining process is optimized.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The application provides a method for improving the ladle self-opening rate, which comprises the following steps of:
1) the water distribution process and the maintenance process in the ladle pouring process are optimized, the standby ladle is reasonably controlled, a ladle turnover control model is established, the maintenance effect of the ladle is improved, cracking and falling caused by unbalanced later-stage baking of the ladle are reduced, and the overall quality of the ladle is improved;
adding water into the castable according to the water content of 4-6 wt% in the ladle pouring process, and uniformly mixing, wherein the curing time of the ladle formed by pouring is not less than 48 hours, preferably 48-55 hours;
2) the baking process of the steel ladle is optimized, the baking effect of the steel ladle is improved, the baking temperature of the steel ladle, particularly the baking temperature of the bottom of the steel ladle, is improved, and low-temperature-crusting cold steel of the bottom of the steel ladle is reduced;
baking for 48 hours with small fire, 24 hours with medium fire and 12 hours with big fire;
establishing a baking model and a heating curve model of the ladle, wherein the baking temperature of the ladle is not lower than 800 ℃, and preferably 800-900 ℃;
3) the process technology research of the physical and chemical indexes and the grain size structure of the drainage sand is based on that after the grading distribution is adjusted, the expansibility and the sintering property of the drainage sand are optimized so as to improve the self-opening rate; from the field effect, the particle size distribution of the drainage sand is as follows: 2 to 3 weight percent of granularity less than 0.154mm, 96 to 97.5 weight percent of granularity 0.154 to 2.0mm, and 0.5 to 1 weight percent of granularity more than 2.0 mm; more preferably: 2.5 wt% of particle size less than 0.154mm, 97 wt% of particle size 0.154-2.0 mm, and 0.5 wt% of particle size greater than 2.0 mm;
3) the standardized establishment of a tapping system reduces the peroxidation of molten steel at the bottom of the ladle, reduces the influence of oxides on the flow guiding sand, and a part of heat can be taken away by a newly-added ladle due to the convection heat dissipation effect of cold air at a water gap part, a sliding plate needs to be replaced, the flow guiding sand needs to be added and the like in the adding process, and the ambient temperature of the water gap is 150-200 ℃ lower than that of other parts at the bottom of the ladle;
controlling reasonable tapping temperature by the converter, newly loading a steel ladle and stopping using the steel ladle for more than 4 hours, and improving the tapping temperature of the converter, wherein the temperature measurement temperature of molten steel in the steel ladle is not lower than 1580 ℃, and is preferably 1580-1610 ℃ when the converter taps the argon blowing station;
the probability of influence of the primary slag quantity on the drainage sand is reduced, and the drainage sand is prevented from being contacted for one time;
4) establishing an external refining process technology control model, making control measures under abnormal conditions, considering that the bottom temperature of a new online ladle is low, reducing the ladle pressing time of an argon blowing station, and timely feeding into the external refining;
according to the production rhythm control, the external refining is controlled by small gears, so that the heating time is prolonged;
ensuring that the external refining heating time of each ladle is more than or equal to 15 minutes, the total external refining time of each ladle is more than or equal to 25 minutes, and the argon blowing time of each ladle is more than or equal to 10 minutes in the first 3-5 ladles of the new steel ladle on the wire.
In one embodiment of the present application, the baking temperature of the ladle bottom part of the ladle in step 2) is not lower than 600 ℃.
In one embodiment of the present application, in step 3), Cr in the drainage sand2O3The content is controlled to be 20wt percent to 40wt percent.
In an embodiment of the application, in the step 3), a sand adding and putting technology is studied, the drainage sand is filled to form a lug boss in a shape of a mushroom head, stable sintering is performed to increase the thickness, and a reasonable size fraction structure can reduce the porosity of the volume of the drainage sand and reduce the probability of slag penetration, and the porosity is reduced by 2% -5% when the drainage sand is added by one size fraction; after the ladle is filled with the drainage sand, the drainage sand forms a boss with the thickness of 30 mm-50 mm in the ladle.
In one embodiment of the application, in the step 4), the alloy adding time and the alloy adding time are reasonably controlled, which is beneficial to the self-opening of a steel ladle and the uniform mixing of molten steel components; and reasonably controlling the alloy adding time, namely adding the alloy when tapping 1/4, and finishing adding the alloy when tapping 3/4, wherein the alloy is matched with the steel flow, and the alloy is uniform and stable.
In one embodiment of the application, in the step 5), the ladle lining heat accumulation is compensated, and the ladle bottom heat compensation is increased;
for the new steel ladle on the wire, the temperature of the molten steel after the external refining and heating is 10-15 ℃ higher than that of the molten steel required during continuous casting.
In one embodiment of the application, in the step 5), argon is blown to strongly stir until the temperature of the molten steel is reduced to the temperature required by continuous casting, the argon blowing amount is increased to prevent the steel from being quenched at the bottom of the ladle, the argon flow is controlled to be 600 NL/min-1000 NL/min, and the argon blowing time is not less than 5 minutes.
The application provides a method for improving the self-opening rate of a steel ladle, which is characterized in that a steel ladle turnover control model is established by reasonably controlling a water distribution process, a health-care process and a standby ladle in the process of pouring the steel ladle, the baking process of the steel ladle is optimized, the physical and chemical indexes and the grain-level structure of drainage sand are optimized, the sand adding and putting process of the drainage sand is optimized, the steel tapping system is optimized, the adding time and the adding time of alloy are optimized, and the external refining process is optimized.
Methods and devices not described in detail in the present invention are all the prior art and are not described in detail.
For further understanding of the present invention, the method for increasing the ladle self-opening rate provided by the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the following examples, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
Example 1
Embodiment 1 provides a method for increasing a ladle self-opening rate, including the following steps performed in sequence:
1) adding water into the castable according to the water content of 5 wt% in the ladle pouring process, and uniformly mixing, wherein the curing time of the ladle formed by pouring is not less than 48 hours;
2) establishing a baking model and a heating curve model of the steel ladle, wherein the baking temperature of the steel ladle is not lower than 800 ℃;
in the step 2), the baking temperature of the ladle bottom part of the ladle is not lower than 600 ℃;
3) adjusting the batching grade number of the drainage sand, wherein the particle size distribution of the drainage sand is as follows: 2.5 wt% of particle size less than 0.154mm, 97 wt% of particle size 0.154-2.0 mm, and 0.5 wt% of particle size greater than 2.0 mm;
in step 3), Cr in the drainage sand2O3The content is controlled to be 35 wt%;
in the step 3), after the ladle is filled with the drainage sand, the drainage sand forms a boss with the thickness of 45mm in the ladle;
4) improving the tapping temperature of the converter, wherein the temperature measurement temperature of molten steel in a ladle is not lower than 1580 ℃ when the converter taps into an argon blowing station;
in the step 4), reasonably controlling the alloy adding time: adding the steel when tapping 1/4, and finishing adding the steel when tapping 3/4;
5) ensuring that the external refining heating time of each ladle is more than or equal to 15 minutes, the total external refining time of each ladle is more than or equal to 25 minutes, and the argon blowing time of each ladle is more than or equal to 10 minutes in the first 3-5 ladles of the new steel ladle on the wire;
in the step 5), for the new on-line ladle, the temperature of the molten steel after the external refining and heating is 15 ℃ higher than that of the molten steel required during continuous casting;
and 5) blowing argon to strongly stir until the molten steel is cooled to the temperature required by continuous casting, increasing the argon blowing amount to prevent steel from being frozen at the bottom of the ladle, controlling the argon flow at 800NL/min, and keeping the argon blowing time at least 5 minutes.
In example 1, the ladle was finally smoothly opened by itself without affecting the continuous casting.
Example 2
Embodiment 2 provides a method for increasing a ladle self-opening rate, including the following steps performed in sequence:
1) adding water into the castable according to the water content of 5 wt% in the ladle pouring process, and uniformly mixing, wherein the curing time of the ladle formed by pouring is not less than 48 hours;
2) establishing a baking model and a heating curve model of the steel ladle, wherein the baking temperature of the steel ladle is not lower than 800 ℃;
in the step 2), the baking temperature of the ladle bottom part of the ladle is not lower than 600 ℃;
3) adjusting the batching grade number of the drainage sand, wherein the particle size distribution of the drainage sand is as follows: 2.5 wt% of particle size less than 0.154mm, 97 wt% of particle size 0.154-2.0 mm, and 0.5 wt% of particle size greater than 2.0 mm;
in step 3), Cr in the drainage sand2O3The content is controlled to be 37.5 wt%;
in the step 3), after the ladle is filled with the drainage sand, the drainage sand forms a boss with the thickness of 40mm in the ladle;
4) improving the tapping temperature of the converter, wherein the temperature measurement temperature of molten steel in a ladle is not lower than 1580 ℃ when the converter taps into an argon blowing station;
in the step 4), reasonably controlling the alloy adding time: adding the steel when tapping 1/4, and finishing adding the steel when tapping 3/4;
5) ensuring that the external refining heating time of each ladle is more than or equal to 15 minutes, the total external refining time of each ladle is more than or equal to 25 minutes, and the argon blowing time of each ladle is more than or equal to 10 minutes in the first 3-5 ladles of the new steel ladle on the wire;
in the step 5), for the new on-line ladle, the temperature of the molten steel after the external refining and heating is 12 ℃ higher than that of the molten steel required during continuous casting;
and 5) blowing argon to strongly stir until the molten steel is cooled to the temperature required by continuous casting, increasing the argon blowing amount to prevent steel from being frozen at the bottom of the ladle, controlling the argon flow at 800NL/min, and keeping the argon blowing time at least 5 minutes.
In example 2, the final ladle smoothly achieved ladle self-opening without affecting continuous casting.
Example 3
Embodiment 3 provides a method for increasing a ladle self-opening rate, including the following steps performed in sequence:
1) adding water into the castable according to the water content of 5 wt% in the ladle pouring process, and uniformly mixing, wherein the curing time of the ladle formed by pouring is not less than 48 hours;
2) establishing a baking model and a heating curve model of the steel ladle, wherein the baking temperature of the steel ladle is not lower than 800 ℃;
in the step 2), the baking temperature of the ladle bottom part of the ladle is not lower than 600 ℃;
3) adjusting the batching grade number of the drainage sand, wherein the particle size distribution of the drainage sand is as follows: 2.5 wt% of particle size less than 0.154mm, 97 wt% of particle size 0.154-2.0 mm, and 0.5 wt% of particle size greater than 2.0 mm;
in step 3), Cr in the drainage sand2O3The content is controlled to be 30 wt%;
in the step 3), after the ladle is filled with the drainage sand, the drainage sand forms a boss with the thickness of 35mm in the ladle;
4) improving the tapping temperature of the converter, wherein the temperature measurement temperature of molten steel in a ladle is not lower than 1580 ℃ when the converter taps into an argon blowing station;
in the step 4), reasonably controlling the alloy adding time: adding the steel when tapping 1/4, and finishing adding the steel when tapping 3/4;
5) ensuring that the external refining heating time of each ladle is more than or equal to 15 minutes, the total external refining time of each ladle is more than or equal to 25 minutes, and the argon blowing time of each ladle is more than or equal to 10 minutes in the first 3-5 ladles of the new steel ladle on the wire;
in the step 5), for the new on-line ladle, the temperature of the molten steel after the external refining and heating is 15 ℃ higher than that of the molten steel required during continuous casting;
and 5) blowing argon to strongly stir until the molten steel is cooled to the temperature required by continuous casting, increasing the argon blowing amount to prevent steel from being frozen at the bottom of the ladle, controlling the argon flow at 800NL/min, and keeping the argon blowing time at least 5 minutes.
In example 3, the final ladle smoothly achieved ladle self-opening without affecting continuous casting.
The above description of the embodiments is only intended to facilitate the understanding of the method of the invention and its core idea. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for improving the ladle self-opening rate is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) adding water into the castable for uniformly mixing according to the water content of 4-6 wt% in the ladle pouring process, wherein the curing time of the ladle formed by pouring is not less than 48 hours;
2) establishing a baking model and a heating curve model of the steel ladle, wherein the baking temperature of the steel ladle is not lower than 800 ℃;
3) adjusting the batching grade number of the drainage sand, wherein the particle size distribution of the drainage sand is as follows: 2 to 3 weight percent of granularity less than 0.154mm, 96 to 97.5 weight percent of granularity 0.154 to 2.0mm, and 0.5 to 1 weight percent of granularity more than 2.0 mm;
4) improving the tapping temperature of the converter, wherein the temperature measurement temperature of molten steel in a ladle is not lower than 1580 ℃ when the converter taps into an argon blowing station;
5) ensuring that the external refining heating time of each ladle is more than or equal to 15 minutes, the total external refining time of each ladle is more than or equal to 25 minutes, and the argon blowing time of each ladle is more than or equal to 10 minutes in the first 3-5 ladles of the new steel ladle on the wire.
2. The method for improving the self-opening rate of the ladle according to claim 1, wherein the baking temperature of the ladle bottom part of the ladle in the step 2) is not lower than 600 ℃.
3. The method for improving the self-opening rate of the ladle according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), Cr in the drainage sand is2O3The content is controlled to be 20wt percent to 40wt percent.
4. The method for improving the self-opening rate of the steel ladle according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), after the steel ladle is filled with the drainage sand, the drainage sand forms a boss with the thickness of 30 mm-50 mm in the steel ladle.
5. The method for improving the self-opening rate of the ladle according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the alloy adding time is reasonably controlled as follows: the feeding was started at the time of tapping 1/4 and was completed at the time of tapping 3/4.
6. The method for improving the self-opening rate of the ladle according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5), the temperature of the molten steel after the external refining and heating is higher than the temperature of the molten steel required in the continuous casting by 10 ℃ to 15 ℃ for the newly-charged ladle.
7. The method for improving the ladle self-opening rate according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5), argon blowing and strong stirring are carried out until the temperature of the molten steel is reduced to the temperature required by continuous casting, the argon blowing amount is increased to prevent the steel from being cooled at the bottom of the ladle, the argon flow is controlled to be 600 NL/min-1000 NL/min, and the argon blowing time is not less than 5 minutes.
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| 俞海明: "《电炉钢水的炉外精炼技术》", 31 August 2010, 冶金工业出版社 * |
| 俞海明: "《转炉钢水的炉外精炼技术》", 31 August 2011, 冶金工业出版社 * |
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