CN114232388A - 一种基于冷冻铸造技术制备高导热云母纸的方法 - Google Patents

一种基于冷冻铸造技术制备高导热云母纸的方法 Download PDF

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CN114232388A
CN114232388A CN202111559277.4A CN202111559277A CN114232388A CN 114232388 A CN114232388 A CN 114232388A CN 202111559277 A CN202111559277 A CN 202111559277A CN 114232388 A CN114232388 A CN 114232388A
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田付强
曹金梅
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种改进的制备高导热云母纸的方法，所述方法包括如下步骤：步骤一：将导热填料、粘接剂和溶剂进行混合搅拌，得到均匀的填料浆液；步骤二：采用冷冻铸造技术对混匀的填料浆液单向冷冻干燥后，将得到层状多孔材料进行粉碎处理；步骤三：将多孔填料与云母粉一同倒入精浆池充分搅拌，制备得到合适浓度的浆液；步骤四：将纸浆提取到纸机抄造成型，并进行干燥、冷却和压光处理，最后卷取分切得到高导热定向云母纸。本发明解决了传统导热云母纸中加入填料含量高而透气性、浸渍性和电气绝缘性较差的问题，并可大幅度提高云母纸的导热性能。

Description

一种基于冷冻铸造技术制备高导热云母纸的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及中大型电机主绝缘高导热云母纸的制备技术领域，更具体涉及一种提升云母纸导热性能的制备方法。
技术背景
云母纸凭借优良的耐高温性能和极强的抗局部放电能力，成为额定电压为1kV以上定子绕组采用的关键材料之一。然而，随着电机电压等级和单机容量的不断增大，市场对设备绝缘材料的耐热等级提出了更高的要求。高导热云母纸的出现带为该问题提供了有效的解决途径。目前研究人员主要通过再云母纸制备过程中掺杂氧化铝或氮化硼等导热填料来提高云母纸导热系数。研究表明填料浓度超过60％时复合材料才能够表现出优异的导热能力，这是由于填料较少时填料颗粒间无法接触形成导热通道，加之填料与纸基间的界面热阻，云母纸导热效果不明显。而填料较多时容易发生团聚、沉积等现象，致使绝缘材料电气性能和力学性能下降，反而会加快云母纸的老化速度，严重影响云母纸在电力设备领域的应用以及设备性能。因此如何通过制备绝缘水平高、导热性能好的高导热云母纸来提高电机绝缘系统稳定性，一直是迫切需要解决的一个难题。
发明内容
为了解决现有的电机主绝缘云母纸绝缘水平低导热性能差的缺陷，本发明提供了一种电机用高导热云母纸材料的制备方法。通过采用冷冻铸造技术对导热填料进行定向，具体原理是在填料溶液凝固时，冰晶沿温度梯度方向快速生长的同时将填料推挤至晶界处，使填料在冰晶间集中分布，从而在冻干粉碎后得到由高分子胶粘剂搭接的具有定向导热网络的片层多孔填料颗粒，将其掺入云母纸浆中能够在低填料填充含量的情况下制备得具有高导热系数的云母纸绝缘材料。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：一种冷冻铸造技术制备定向高导热云母纸的方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)按照1：1～2的质量比称取粘结剂与高导热无机粉体作为填料，按照1：1～100的质量比称取去离子水与分散剂作为溶剂制备填料溶液。用分散机对其进行混合搅拌，混匀后用真空脱泡机去除溶液中的气泡。
(2)将步骤(1)得到的溶液注入图1所示的流浆箱中，在内部装有液氮的冷冻箱作用下，冰晶沿着辊轮半径方向快速向外生长，粘结剂与无机粉体被集中挤压到冰晶之间，导热网络由此形成。利用刮刀使附着的冰填料块脱落于下方传送带，在传送带的作用下填料块被传送到冷冻干燥装置中进行冻干，冰晶完全升华后得到层状多孔材料。利用粉碎机将多孔填料粉碎。
(3)将步骤(2)所得的多孔填料粉体与云母粉一同倒入精浆池中充分搅拌，制备得到合适浓度的浆液。
(4)将步骤(3)充分搅匀的云母纸浆提取到纸机上抄造成型。
(5)将步骤(4)抄造的云母纸进行干燥处理，使云母纸张含水率0.3％以下，再通过一组冷缸冷却处理，然后通过压光设备进行压光处理。最后将云母纸卷取、分切处理即可制得高导热云母纸。
所述粘结剂为水溶性高分子物质，是聚维酮、聚乙二醇、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠或聚乙烯醇的一种或多种。
所述分散剂为甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、仲丁醇、叔丁醇、乙酸、丙酮或甲苯的一种或多种。
所述高导热无机粉体为氮化硼、氮化硅、氮化铝、氧化镁、氧化硅或氧化铝的一种或多种。
所述混合填料溶液填料固含量为15％～30％。
所述分散机转数为500～1000转，真空脱泡时间为4min。
所述冷冻装置中，液氮可通过在铜锟轴心处钻孔来添加，液氮的量决定浆液的冷冻速度。为防止空气中的水蒸气附着在铜锟表面并结冰，进气口需持续吹扫氮气。刮刀需紧贴铜锟表面以保持铜锟清洁无附着物。
所述云母纸浆中高导热多孔填料粉体与云母粉按1：4～19的质量比混合。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明制得的所述的导热材料由云母基体和高导热无机填料组成。其中，填料溶液经过冷冻干燥并粉碎后形成粒径可控、分散性好且具有良好导热通道的层状多孔导热填料颗粒。同时解决了添加较少填料时材料导热效果不佳和添加较多填料时引发的团聚问题。制得的高导热云母纸透气性良好，浸渍后具有较高的导热系数和击穿场强。
附图说明
图1高导热多孔无机粉体制备装置
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案作进一步的说明，但并不局限于此，凡是对本发明技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围，均应涵盖在本发明的保护范围中。
本实施方式提供了一种冷冻铸造技术制备高导热云母纸的方法，如图1所示，具体实施步骤如下：
(1)将50kg聚乙烯醇和100kg的填料加入到含有50kg的丙酮和300kg的混合溶剂中。用分散机以1000转的速度对混合溶液进行搅拌，混匀后利用真空脱泡机对溶液进行脱泡处理。
(2)将混匀脱泡的溶液注入图1所示的流浆箱中，在内部装有液氮的冷冻箱作用下，冰晶沿着辊轮半径方向快速向外生长，粘结剂与无机粉体被集中挤压到冰晶之间，导热网络由此形成。利用刮刀使附着的冰填料块脱落于下方传送带，在传送带的作用下填料块被传送到冷冻干燥装置中进行冻干，冰晶完全升华后得到层状多孔材料。进而利用粉碎机将多孔填料粉碎。
(3)将上述高导热多孔填料与350kg云母粉一同倒入含有50000kg水的精浆池中充分搅拌，制备得到浓度为1％的云母浆液。
(4)将上述云母纸浆提取到纸机上抄造成型。
(5)将抄造得到的云母纸经过干燥处理，使其含水率0.3％以下，再通过一组冷缸冷却处理，然后通过压光设备进行压光处理。最后将云母纸卷取、分切处理即可制得高导热云母纸。
综上所述，与现有的产品相比，本发明所制备的高导热云母纸，制备成本低，填料在形成定向导热通道的同时，其疏松多孔的结构使得所得到的云母纸不仅具有较高的热导率，还能保持良好的透气性。浸渍后应用于中大型电机绝缘层中可有效提高电机散热能力，其良好的力学性能和耐压性能一定程度上能够延长电机运行检修保养时间及使用寿命。

Claims (8)

1.一种高导热云母纸的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)按照1：1～2的质量比称取粘结剂与高导热无机粉体作为溶质，按照1：1～100的质量比称取去离子水与分散剂作为溶剂制备填料溶液，用分散机对其进行混合搅拌，混匀后用真空脱泡机去除溶液中的气泡；
(2)将步骤(1)得到的溶液注入图1所示的流浆箱中，在内部装有液氮的冷冻箱作用下，冰晶沿着辊轮半径方向快速向外生长，粘结剂与无机粉体被集中挤压到冰晶之间，导热网络由此形成，利用刮刀使附着的冰填料块脱落于下方传送带，在传送带的作用下填料块被传送到冷冻干燥装置中进行冻干，冰晶完全升华后得到层状多孔材料，进而利用粉碎机将多孔填料粉碎；
(3)将步骤(2)所得的多孔填料粉体与云母粉一同倒入精浆池中充分搅拌，制备得到合适浓度的浆液；
(4)将步骤(3)充分搅匀的云母纸浆提取到纸机上抄造成型；
(5)将步骤(4)抄造的云母纸经过干燥处理，使云母纸张含水率0.3％以下，再通过一组冷缸冷却处理，然后通过压光设备进行压光处理，最后将云母纸卷取、分切处理即可制得高导热云母纸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高导热云母纸的制备方法，其特征在于步骤(1)所述的粘结剂为水溶性高分子物质，是聚维酮、聚乙二醇、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠或聚乙烯醇的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高导热云母纸的制备方法，其特征在于步骤(1)所述的分散剂为甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、仲丁醇、叔丁醇、乙酸、丙酮或甲苯的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高导热云母纸的制备方法，其特征在于步骤(1)所述的高导热无机粉体为氮化硼、氮化硅、氮化铝、氧化镁、氧化硅或氧化铝的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高导热云母纸的制备方法，其特征在于步骤(1)所述的填料溶液固含量为15％～30％。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种高导热云母纸的制备方法，其特征在于步骤(1)所述的分散机转数为500～1000转，真空脱泡时间为4min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种高导热云母纸的制备方法，其特征在于步骤(2)所述的冷冻装置中，液氮可通过在铜锟轴心处钻孔来添加，液氮的量决定浆液的冷冻速度，为防止空气中的水蒸气附着在铜锟表面并结冰，进气口需持续吹扫氮气，刮刀需紧贴铜锟表面以保持铜锟清洁无附着物。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种高导热云母纸的制备方法，其特征在于步骤(3)所述的高导热多孔填料粉体与云母粉按1：4～19的质量比混合。
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