CN114232031A - Method for extracting electrolyte by rapidly combusting and decarbonizing carbon slag waste - Google Patents
Method for extracting electrolyte by rapidly combusting and decarbonizing carbon slag waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN114232031A CN114232031A CN202111628555.7A CN202111628555A CN114232031A CN 114232031 A CN114232031 A CN 114232031A CN 202111628555 A CN202111628555 A CN 202111628555A CN 114232031 A CN114232031 A CN 114232031A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/18—Electrolytes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
- F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
- F27B7/34—Arrangements of heating devices
Abstract
A method for extracting electrolyte by rapidly combusting and decarbonizing carbon slag waste comprises the following steps: firstly, crushing carbon residue waste into particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm, lifting the particles to a particle bin by a bucket elevator, conveying the particles in the bin to a Raymond mill by a bin bottom vibrating feeder, grinding the particles to 180-325 meshes, and lifting carbon residue fine powder to a storage bin by the bucket elevator for later use; starting a rotary kiln matching system, igniting and heating, keeping combustion of gas under an oxygen-enriched condition, and spraying carbon residue fine powder when the furnace temperature rises to 1200-1350 ℃; the carbon slag fine powder is ejected in a pneumatic conveying mode and is ejected into flame in a forward direction below a gas burner, and the ejection amount is 1-5 t/h; carbon in the carbon slag is rapidly combusted and consumed in an oxygen-enriched atmosphere, the residual electrolyte is deposited in the rotary kiln, is discharged in solid particles or blocks after passing through a high-temperature zone, a transition zone and a cooling zone in the kiln, and can be returned to the electrolytic cell for use after being collected; and the kiln tail gas is led to a tail gas treatment system of an electrolytic aluminum workshop for centralized treatment. The invention adopts a forward oxygen-enriched combustion method, has continuous production and large treatment capacity, and can quickly combust carbon in carbon slag to obtain an electrolyte product; in the process, manual slag skimming is not needed after furnace shutdown, the processing time is shortened, and the harm of smoke to human bodies is reduced; the heat generated by carbon combustion is fully utilized, and the energy consumption is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of comprehensive treatment of dangerous solid wastes in the electrolytic aluminum industry, and particularly relates to a method for extracting electrolyte by quickly burning, decarbonizing and decarburizing carbon slag wastes.
Technical Field
The carbon slag is used as dangerous solid waste produced in the industrial production process of electrolytic aluminum, and the main components of the carbon slag are carbon and electrolyte. Wherein the carbon source is divided into two parts: firstly, the carbon anode of the electrolytic cell participates in carbon produced by shedding or incomplete reaction in the electrochemical reaction process; and secondly, the cathode carbon block of the electrolytic cell is corroded by electrolyte for a long time and scours and peels off carbon. Since carbon has a relatively low density compared to the electrolyte and usually floats on the surface of the electrolytic cell, it has a great influence on the stable operation of the electrolytic cell, and therefore, the carbon is usually manually fished out in the production process. The fishing process inevitably carries part of electrolyte, thereby forming carbon residue waste mixed by carbon and electrolyte. The carbon slag contains about 50-60% of electrolyte, belongs to valuable resources, and if certain measures are taken to recycle the carbon slag, the carbon slag not only can save part of raw material expenses for the electrolytic aluminum industry, but also is a new way which accords with the national environmental protection policy and promotes the green development of the industry.
The carbon slag treatment technologies reported at present are mainly divided into a flotation method and a heat treatment method. The flotation method is that after the carbon slag is crushed and ground, a flotation agent is adopted to enable the carbon slag to float on the upper layer, and then a catching agent is adopted to collect the carbon powder on the upper layer, so that the respective recovery of the aluminum electrolyte and the carbon is realized. The electrolyte recovered by the method has higher carbon content (about 5 percent) and lower molecular ratio; the electrolyte content of the recovered carbon is relatively high (about 9%); neither the recovered electrolyte nor the carbon can be used directly. Due to the defects, the process technology is not widely popularized in the industry.
The carbon slag treatment thermal method mainly adopts methods such as high-temperature flame, regenerative heating, electric heating and the like to oxidize and separate all or part of carbon in the carbon slag, thereby obtaining the electrolyte. In chinese patent CN1078604383A, a method for extracting electrolyte from carbon slag by a smelting method adopts a heat storage type heating technology to melt the electrolyte in the carbon slag into a liquid state, and the carbon floats on the surface and is manually scraped out. This technique has many disadvantages: intermittent production is adopted, and the efficiency is low; a large amount of toxic and harmful smoke is inevitably generated in the manual slag skimming process to cause harm to the health of human bodies; the salvaged carbon still contains a considerable amount of electrolyte, and the direct use performance is to be investigated. In chinese patent CN102011148A, a method for harmless treatment of aluminum electrolysis anode carbon slag and recovery of electrolyte is provided, which uses a power-saving heat preservation furnace to heat the carbon slag, and the electrolyte frit is obtained after the carbon is sufficiently burned at high temperature. The technology has obvious defects, intermittent production and low efficiency; electric heating and large energy consumption. And so on. The thermal treatment technology of the carbon slag still needs to be continuously improved and perfected, and the continuous, harmless, large-scale and high-efficiency production technology still needs to be further developed by researchers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for extracting electrolyte by rapidly combusting and decarbonizing carbon residue waste, which has the advantages of high continuity degree, large treatment capacity, high efficiency, low energy consumption and high product purity aiming at the defects of the existing carbon residue treatment technology
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme for achieving the aim:
firstly, crushing carbon residue waste into particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm, lifting the particles to a particle bin by a bucket elevator, conveying the particles in the bin to a Raymond mill by a bin bottom vibrating feeder, grinding the particles to 180-325 meshes, and lifting carbon residue fine powder to a storage bin by the bucket elevator for later use; starting a rotary kiln matching system, igniting and heating, keeping combustion of gas under an oxygen-enriched condition, and spraying carbon residue fine powder when the furnace temperature rises to 1200-1350 ℃; the carbon slag fine powder is ejected in a pneumatic conveying mode and is ejected into flame in a forward direction below a gas burner, and the ejection amount is 1-5 t/h; carbon in the carbon slag is rapidly combusted and consumed in an oxygen-enriched atmosphere, the residual electrolyte is deposited in the rotary kiln, is discharged in solid particles or blocks after passing through a high-temperature zone, a transition zone and a cooling zone in the kiln, and can be returned to the electrolytic cell for use after being collected; and the kiln tail gas is led to a tail gas treatment system of an electrolytic aluminum workshop for centralized treatment. The rotary kiln is a cylinder, the horizontal inclination angle is 3-5 degrees, two ends of the kiln body are shielded by end sockets, the tail end socket is provided with a smoke exhaust pipeline, the kiln head end socket is provided with a burner pipeline, a carbon slag injection pipeline and a discharge hole, during actual production, the carbon slag injection feeding direction and the gas flame injection direction are in the same direction, and carbon in the carbon slag is discharged from the bottom of the kiln head through electrolyte left by rapid and sufficient combustion.
Advantageous effects
The invention has the beneficial effects that: continuous production, high production efficiency and large waste treatment capacity, and the production process does not need to be stopped and discharged regularly; the carbon is completely combusted in the process, manual slag skimming is not needed, and the harm of kiln gas to a human body is reduced; the energy consumption is low, a large amount of heat is provided after the carbon slag is combusted in an oxygen-enriched mode, the gas consumption is reduced, and the waste treatment cost is low.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a process for extracting electrolytes from carbon residue waste by rapid combustion and decarbonization;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a rotary kiln apparatus and a material flow direction.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
Example 1
Firstly, crushing carbon residue waste into particles with the particle size of 20mm, lifting the particles to a particle bin by a bucket elevator, conveying the particles in the bin to a Raymond mill by a bin bottom vibrating feeder, grinding the particles to 180 meshes, and lifting carbon residue fine powder to a storage bin by the bucket elevator for standby; starting a rotary kiln matching system, igniting and heating, keeping combustion of fuel gas under an oxygen-enriched condition, and spraying carbon residue fine powder when the furnace temperature rises to 1200 ℃; the carbon slag fine powder is ejected in a pneumatic conveying mode and is ejected into flame in the forward direction below a gas burner, and the ejection amount is 1 t/h; carbon in the carbon slag is rapidly combusted and consumed in an oxygen-enriched atmosphere, the oxygen content of oxygen-enriched air is 25%, the rest electrolyte is deposited in the rotary kiln, is discharged as solid particles or blocks after passing through a high-temperature zone, a transition zone and a cooling zone in the kiln, and can be returned to the electrolytic cell for use after being collected; and the kiln tail gas is led to a tail gas treatment system of an electrolytic aluminum workshop for centralized treatment. The detection shows that the electrolyte has the purity of 98 percent and the carbon content of 0.35 percent, and can be directly returned to the electrolytic cell for use.
Example 2
Firstly, crushing carbon residue waste into particles with the particle size of 25mm, lifting the particles to a particle bin by a bucket elevator, conveying the particles in the bin to a Raymond mill by a bin bottom vibrating feeder, grinding the particles to 200 meshes, and lifting carbon residue fine powder to a storage bin by the bucket elevator for later use; starting a rotary kiln matching system, igniting and heating, keeping combustion of fuel gas under an oxygen-enriched condition, and spraying carbon residue fine powder when the furnace temperature rises to 1300 ℃; the carbon slag fine powder is ejected in a pneumatic conveying mode and is ejected into flame in a forward direction below a gas burner, and the ejection amount is 3 t/h; carbon in the carbon slag is rapidly combusted and consumed in an oxygen-enriched atmosphere, the oxygen content of oxygen-enriched air is 30%, the rest electrolyte is deposited in the rotary kiln, is discharged as solid particles or blocks after passing through a high-temperature zone, a transition zone and a cooling zone in the kiln, and can be returned to the electrolytic cell for use after being collected; and the kiln tail gas is led to a tail gas treatment system of an electrolytic aluminum workshop for centralized treatment. The detection shows that the purity of the electrolyte is 98.5 percent, the carbon content is 0.2 percent, and the electrolyte can be directly returned to the electrolytic cell for use.
Example 3
Firstly, crushing carbon residue waste into particles with the particle size of 30mm, lifting the particles to a particle bin by a bucket elevator, conveying the particles in the bin to a Raymond mill by a bin bottom vibrating feeder, grinding the particles to 325 meshes, and lifting carbon residue fine powder to a storage bin by the bucket elevator for later use; starting a rotary kiln matching system, igniting and heating, keeping combustion of gas under an oxygen-enriched condition, and spraying carbon residue fine powder when the furnace temperature rises to 1350 ℃; the carbon slag fine powder is ejected in a pneumatic conveying mode and is ejected into flame in the forward direction below a gas burner, and the ejection quantity is 5 t/h; carbon in the carbon slag is rapidly combusted and consumed in an oxygen-enriched atmosphere, the oxygen content of oxygen-enriched air is 40 percent, and the rest electrolyte is deposited in the rotary kiln, is discharged as solid particles or blocks after passing through a high-temperature zone, a transition zone and a cooling zone in the kiln, and can be returned to the electrolytic cell for use after being collected; and the kiln tail gas is led to a tail gas treatment system of an electrolytic aluminum workshop for centralized treatment. The detection shows that the electrolyte has the purity of 99.2 percent and the carbon content of 0.11 percent and can be directly returned to the electrolytic cell for use.
Claims (7)
1. A method for extracting electrolyte by rapidly combusting and decarbonizing carbon slag waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) crushing: crushing the carbon residue waste into particles of 20-30 mm, and storing for later use;
(2) grinding: grinding the crushed carbon slag particles into fine powder of 180-325 meshes by a Raymond mill, and storing for later use;
(3) heating the kiln: starting a kiln matching system, igniting and heating, keeping the combustion of gas flame under the oxygen-enriched condition, keeping the oxygen content of oxygen-enriched air at 25-40%, and gradually increasing the temperature in the kiln to 1200-1350 ℃;
(4) injecting and feeding: starting the pneumatic conveying device, and injecting the carbon residue fine powder into the flame through a pipeline below the gas burner, wherein the injection amount is 1-5 t/h
(5) Discharging: carbon slag is quickly burnt in oxygen-enriched flame, and the rest electrolyte is discharged in the form of solid particles or blocks after passing through a high-temperature zone, a transition zone and a cooling zone in a kiln
(6) Treating tail gas: and conveying the tail gas to a tail gas treatment system of an electrolytic aluminum workshop through a pipeline for centralized treatment.
2. The method for extracting the electrolyte from the carbon slag waste through the rapid combustion decarburization and the rapid decarburization as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particle size of the crushed carbon slag is 20-30 mm.
3. The method for extracting the electrolyte from the carbon residue waste through the rapid combustion decarburization as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crushed carbon residue particles are further ground into powder with the fineness of 180-325 meshes.
4. The method for extracting the electrolyte from the carbon slag waste through the rapid combustion decarburization method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature inside the kiln is increased to 1200-1350 ℃ before the carbon slag waste is charged.
5. The method for extracting the electrolyte from the carbon residue waste through the rapid combustion decarburization and the decarburization as claimed in claim 1, wherein an oxygen-enriched flame combustion method is adopted for the temperature rise of the kiln, and the oxygen content in the air of a burner is 25-40%.
6. The method for extracting the electrolyte from the carbon slag waste through the rapid combustion decarburization and the decarburization as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fine carbon slag powder is directly injected into the oxygen-enriched combustion flame through a pipeline below the burner in a pneumatic conveying manner, the injection amount is 1-5 t/h, and the injection direction is the same as the nozzle flame injection direction.
7. The method for extracting the electrolyte from the carbon slag waste through the rapid combustion decarburization and the claim 1, wherein the carbon in the carbon slag is rapidly combusted in the oxygen-rich flame, and the rest of the electrolyte passes through a high-temperature zone, a transition zone and a cooling zone in the kiln and is then discharged from the kiln head in the form of particles or blocks.
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| CN202111628555.7A CN114232031A (en) | 2021-12-29 | 2021-12-29 | Method for extracting electrolyte by rapidly combusting and decarbonizing carbon slag waste |
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| CN202111628555.7A CN114232031A (en) | 2021-12-29 | 2021-12-29 | Method for extracting electrolyte by rapidly combusting and decarbonizing carbon slag waste |
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