CN110129506B - Method for preparing ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy by carbon thermal reduction of waste refractory material pretreatment - Google Patents
Method for preparing ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy by carbon thermal reduction of waste refractory material pretreatment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing an aluminum-silicon-iron alloy by carbon thermal reduction of pretreatment of a waste refractory material, which comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the waste refractory material, a waste cathode carbon block and dry paper pulp powder to prepare powder, pressing the mixture into pellets, and carrying out high-temperature vacuum distillation to volatilize fluorides in the waste refractory material and the waste cathode carbon block so as to be separated from the waste refractory material and the waste cathode carbon block, and decomposing cyanides in the waste cathode carbon block; crushing the distillation slag, mixing the crushed distillation slag with fly ash, and reducing the materials mainly containing aluminum oxide and silicon oxide at high temperature in an electric arc furnace by using fixed carbon in the waste cathode carbon block as a reducing agent to prepare an aluminum-silicon-iron alloy with a certain component; meanwhile, the decomposition of aluminum nitride in aluminum ash and the complete decomposition of cyanide in the waste cathode carbon block are completed in the high-temperature reduction process, and the comprehensive utilization of various dangerous wastes and solid wastes is realized in the same process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electric metallurgy, in particular to a method for preparing an aluminum-silicon-iron alloy by pretreating a waste refractory material and performing carbothermic reduction.
Background
The production method of ferro-silicon-aluminum is mainly divided into a metal melting and proportioning method and an electric heating reduction method. The metal melting method is to mix pure metal aluminum, silicon and iron according to a certain proportion in a melting state to form an alloy; the electrothermal reduction method is to prepare the alloy by taking oxides containing aluminum, silicon and iron as raw materials and carbonaceous materials as reducing agents and carrying out reduction smelting in an electric arc furnace. The metal melting and matching method has the problems of reheating of pure metal, secondary burning loss, high production cost and the like. The electrothermal reduction method also has the problems of pure mineral raw material shortage, poor economical efficiency of the production process and the like.
The aluminum electrolysis cell is the main equipment for producing the metal aluminum. After the aluminum electrolytic cell is damaged and overhauled, a large amount of overhauling slag of the aluminum electrolytic cell can be generated. The overhaul slag comprises a cathode carbon block, cathode paste, refractory bricks, insulating bricks, impermeable materials, an insulating plate and the like. The overhaul slag can be further divided into two main parts, namely a waste refractory material lining (anti-seepage material, refractory brick and insulating brick) corroded by fluoride electrolyte and a waste cathode carbon block (cathode carbon block and cathode paste), wherein the mass ratio of the waste cathode carbon block to the waste refractory material accounts for 50 percent respectively. At present, 5-10kg of waste cathode carbon blocks and 5-10kg of waste refractory materials are produced per ton of metallic aluminum produced.
The waste refractory material is mainly waste dry type impermeable material positioned at the lower part of the cathode carbon block, and accounts for about 90 percent of the waste refractory material. The main components of the raw material of the dry type impermeable material are alumina and silicon oxide, and the main component of the waste impermeable material after being eroded by the electrolyte is nepheline (NaAlSiO)4) Or albite (NaAlSi)3O8) Besides, it also contains 10-15% of fluoride electrolyte, iron oxide, calcium oxide, aluminium carbide and other oxide and carbide impurities and small quantity of aluminium, silicon, aluminium-silicon-iron and other metals and alloys. These waste refractories are also called hazardous wastes because they contain a large amount of fluoride. At present, the waste refractory materials generated during the overhaul of the aluminum electrolytic cell are not effectively recycled and treated, and are generally treated mainly by landfill. Because the waste refractory material contains a lot of soluble substances such as electrolyte fluoride, sodium oxide and the like, the long-term stacking can cause great harm to underground water and the surrounding environment.
The main component of the waste cathode carbon block is a carbonaceous material, and the most component except the carbonaceous material is an electrolyte. The electrolyte components in the waste cathode carbon block mainly comprise NaF and Na3AlF6、Na5Al3F14And CaF2And the like. The carbon content in the waste cathode carbon block for aluminum electrolysis is generally 60-70%, and the electrolyte component content is 15-25%. In addition, 4% -8% of alkali metal, mainly metallic sodium, is present in the aluminum electrolysis spent cathodes. When potassium salt is present in the electrolyte component, potassium metal is also present in the spent cathode carbon block. Besides the three main components, the waste cathode carbon block also containsContains small amount of carbide, nitride, oxide and cyanide, wherein the content of cyanide is 0.1-0.2% of the total mass of the waste cathode carbon. The NaCN, complex cyanides and fluorides in the spent cathode carbon block are major environmental hazards. Cyanide and most fluoride are dissolved in water, and the waste cathode carbon blocks accumulated for a long time pollute underground water and surface water and cause serious pollution to the environment. The treatment of the waste cathode carbon block of the aluminum electrolytic cell is divided into two types, one type is a treatment technology, namely, the waste cathode carbon block material is buried after being innoxious or is utilized by other industries, such as a high-temperature hydrolysis technology, a combustion power generation technology, a slag former for manufacturing a high-speed rail industry, a fuel and a mineral raw material used for a cement industry, an inert material which can be buried and the like; the other is a recycling technology, which mainly recycles fluoride and carbon in the waste cathode carbon block, such as wet leaching to recycle fluoride, serving as an additive of a cathode carbon block and an anode carbon block, separating fluoride electrolyte and the carbon block by a flotation method, and the like, but the existing treatment of the waste cathode carbon block has not reached the industrial level yet.
Each ton of coal burned will produce 0.15-0.3 ton of fly ash, and coal with high ash content will produce 0.4-0.5 ton of fly ash at most. At present, the quantity of the fly ash generated in China every year reaches more than 6 hundred million tons. A small amount of high-alumina fly ash can be used for extracting alumina, while a large amount of low-alumina fly ash is mainly used for producing various building materials, such as cement admixtures, concrete additives and building material deep-processing products, and refractory and heat-insulating materials by extracting floating beads from fly ash, but the utilization problem of the fly ash cannot be fundamentally solved by the methods. In addition, the added value of the produced building materials is low, and utilization enterprises of the building materials are required to be close to large cities with a large number of people, so that the utilization method is mainly adopted in east provinces of China. The fly ash distributed in Shanxi, inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Gansu and Xinjiang is not effectively utilized, and most of the fly ash is still treated in a stacking and burying manner.
From the above analysis it can be seen that: hazardous wastes and solid wastes generated in the existing electrolytic aluminum and aluminum processing and power industry are respectively treated, most of the hazardous wastes are in a harmless treatment stage, and effective resource utilization is in a research stage, so that the problem of environmental pollution of the solid wastes is not fundamentally solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the following problems in the prior art: the existing waste refractory materials, waste cathode carbon blocks and fly ash are treated separately, namely, a plurality of processes and a plurality of treatment systems are adopted. Among them, the treatment of the waste refractory materials is generally to landfill or to carry out harmless treatment and then to stockpile. The treatment process of the waste cathode carbon block is divided into a wet method and a fire method, the wet method is mainly used, strong acid or strong alkali is adopted for leaching, fluoride is converted into soluble hydrogen fluoride or sodium fluoride to be separated from a carbonaceous material, a large amount of acid-containing or alkali-containing wastewater is generated in the treatment process, and secondary pollution is easily caused.
The invention provides a method for preparing an aluminum-silicon-iron alloy by carbon thermal reduction of pretreatment of a waste refractory material, which comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the waste refractory material, a waste cathode carbon block and dry paper pulp powder to prepare powder, pressing the mixture into pellets, and carrying out high-temperature vacuum distillation to volatilize fluorides in the waste refractory material and the waste cathode carbon block so as to be separated from the waste refractory material and the waste cathode carbon block, and decomposing cyanides in the waste cathode carbon block; crushing the distillation slag, mixing the crushed distillation slag with fly ash, and reducing the materials mainly containing aluminum oxide and silicon oxide at high temperature in an electric arc furnace by using fixed carbon in the waste cathode carbon block as a reducing agent to prepare an aluminum-silicon-iron alloy with a certain component; meanwhile, the cyanide in the waste cathode carbon block is completely decomposed in the high-temperature reduction process, and the comprehensive utilization of various dangerous wastes and solid wastes is realized in the same process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the method for preparing the ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy by the carbon thermal reduction of the pretreatment of the waste refractory material comprises the following steps:
step 1, determining the use amounts of the waste refractory material, the fly ash and the waste cathode carbon block according to the components of the target ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy, and reducing Al in the waste refractory material by using fixed carbon contained in the waste cathode carbon block as a reducing agent according to a stoichiometric ratio2O3、SiO2The amount of aluminum and silicon produced by the oxide is calculated and the used waste cathode is calculatedAl of polar carbon block reduced fly ash2O3、SiO2The amount of the metal aluminum and the silicon obtained by the oxide is adjusted by the amount of the metal aluminum and the silicon obtained by reducing the waste refractory material by using the amount of the metal aluminum and the silicon obtained by reducing the fly ash, so that the components of the aluminum and the silicon in the prepared aluminum-silicon-iron alloy and the use amounts of the waste refractory material, the fly ash and the waste cathode carbon block can be obtained; putting the waste refractory material, the waste cathode carbon blocks and the dry paper pulp powder into a ball mill together for grinding and uniformly mixing, and then pressing the mixture into pellets by using a ball press;
step 2, placing the pellets into a vacuum container for high-temperature vacuum distillation, wherein the distillation temperature is 850-; the volatilized fluoride enters a condensation system, and the distillation slag is left in a vacuum container;
step 3, taking the distillation residues out of the vacuum container, crushing the distillation residues by using a crusher, and uniformly mixing the distillation residue powder with the fly ash;
step 4, starting the electric arc furnace and gradually increasing the temperature in the furnace, and when the temperature of the bottom arc zone is 1700-2100 ℃, feeding the uniformly mixed materials into the electric arc furnace through the hollow electrode; and when the smelting process reaches 2-6h, discharging the formed ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy from the bottom of the electric arc furnace.
The waste refractory material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: na (Na)2O 5～30％，Al2O315～50％，SiO210～50％，Fe2O3≤10％，K2O≤3％，CaO≤3％，F≤10％。
The waste cathode carbon block comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60-80% of C and Al2O30-3%, 4-10% of Na, 10-20% of fluoride electrolyte, wherein the fluoride electrolyte mainly comprises cryolite, sodium fluoride and calcium fluoride, or further comprises lithium fluoride and potassium fluoride.
The dry pulp powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the calcium lignosulphonate is more than or equal to 90 percent, and the dry basis moisture is more than or equal to 8 percent.
The fly ash comprises the following components in percentage by mass: : al (Al)2O315～50％，SiO230～50％，Fe2O30～10％，CaO 0～5％，MgO 0～5％，Na2O 0～3％，K2O 0～3％，TiO20-3%, and the content of other single metal oxides is less than 1%.
In the step 1, in the pellet pressing process, the particle sizes of the waste refractory material and the waste cathode carbon block after ball milling are smaller than 100 meshes, the addition amount of the paper pulp dry powder is 6-10% of the sum of the mass of the waste refractory material and the mass of the fly ash, the pressing pressure of a ball press is 50-150MPa, and the diameter of the pellet is 30-50 mm.
And 2, crushing the distillation residues to obtain particles with the particle size smaller than 100 meshes, cooling the fluoride and the metal sodium separated by vacuum distillation, and respectively recovering, wherein the fluoride electrolyte is returned to the electrolytic cell for use.
In the step 4, in the smelting process of the electric arc furnace, the hollow channel in the middle of the hollow electrode is connected with a compressed gas pipeline for conveying the powdery material, and the powdery material is conveyed to the electric arc reaction zone through the hollow channel by taking the compressed gas as a carrier to complete the rapid smelting reaction; the diameter of the hollow channel is 20mm-200 mm; the pressure of the compressed gas is controlled between 0.1 and 0.8 MPa.
The compressed gas is one of argon, air and carbon monoxide.
The Al-Si-Fe alloy can be used as a steel-making deoxidizer and a magnesium-smelting reducer; the soot and the slag generated in the smelting process of the electric arc furnace are returned to the batching process for continuous use.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention relates to an integrated treatment technology developed aiming at various dangerous wastes and solid wastes. The high-temperature volatilization separation of fluoride in the waste refractory material and the waste cathode carbon block and the high-temperature decomposition of cyanide are realized in the vacuum distillation process; the method not only realizes the complete pyrolysis of the toxic cyanide in the carbothermic reduction process, but also reduces the metal oxides in the waste refractory materials and the waste cathode carbon blocks into the ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy, and the whole process has no generation of waste residues and waste water, thereby being a green and environment-friendly treatment process.
2. The treatment process mainly aims at harmlessness and reduction when treating hazardous wastes such as waste refractory materials, waste cathode carbon blocks and the like, realizes resource utilization of wastes while harmlessness and reduction are realized, namely, fixed carbon in the waste cathode carbon blocks is used as a reducing agent to reduce alumina, silicon oxide, iron oxide and the like in the waste refractory materials and fly ash in a metal form, and fluoride and alkali metal are recycled, so that waste treatment by waste is realized, and the whole process is closed cycle.
3. The distilled slag is used as a raw material, the fly ash is used as an additive to adjust the aluminum content and the silicon content in the raw material, and the batching mode not only utilizes various wastes, but also is easy to prepare the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy with various components, so that the method is suitable for the smelting process of an electric arc furnace, the smelting process and the alloy components are easy to regulate and control, the production cost is favorably reduced, and the smelting difficulty of the aluminum-silicon-iron alloy is reduced.
4. The hollow electrode is adopted to convey the powdery material, so that the whole smelting process of the electric arc furnace can be strengthened, the reduction of oxides is promoted, particularly, the decomposition of toxic substance cyanide is accelerated, the production efficiency is improved, and the production cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow chart of the method for preparing the ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy by feeding the hollow electrode with the waste refractory material as the raw material.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail by taking the following waste materials as examples.
Table 1 shows the main components of a waste refractory. The composition and content of the waste refractory materials vary from enterprise to enterprise due to differences in the electrolysis process and electrolyte composition, as well as the life of the cell.
TABLE 1 Main Components of waste refractory
Table 2 shows the main components of a waste cathode carbon block, and the components and contents of the waste cathode carbon block are different between different enterprises due to the difference in the electrolysis process and the composition of the electrolyte, and the difference in the service life of the electrolytic cell.
TABLE 2 Main Components of waste cathode carbon blocks
Table 3 shows the main components of a low-alumina fly ash.
TABLE 3 Main Components of Low-aluminum fly ash
Example 1
The method for preparing the ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy by the carbon thermal reduction of the pretreatment of the waste refractory material comprises the following steps:
step 1, according to the components of the target ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy: 25 percent of aluminum, 65 percent of silicon and the balance of iron, calcium, titanium and other trace metals; calculating the mass of the waste refractory material, the fly ash and the waste cathode carbon block required for reducing the metal oxide by taking fixed carbon contained in the waste cathode carbon block as a reducing agent according to a stoichiometric ratio to obtain the mass ratio of the waste refractory material, the fly ash and the waste cathode carbon block of 1:6: 4; putting the waste refractory material, the waste cathode carbon blocks and the dry paper pulp powder together in a ball mill according to a certain proportion, grinding and uniformly mixing, and then pressing the mixture into pellets by using a ball press; the adding amount of the paper pulp dry powder is 6 percent of the sum of the mass of the waste refractory material and the mass of the fly ash, the pressing pressure is 50MPa, and the diameter of the pellet is 50 mm;
step 2, putting the pellets into a vacuum container for high-temperature vacuum distillation, wherein the distillation temperature is 1050 ℃, the distillation time is 2 hours, and the vacuum degree is 100 Pa; the volatilized fluoride enters a condensation system, and the distillation slag is left in a vacuum container;
step 3, taking the distillation residues out of the vacuum container and crushing the distillation residues by using a crusher, wherein the granularity of the crushed distillation residues is less than 100 meshes, and uniformly mixing the distillation residue powder with the fly ash;
step 4, starting the electric arc furnace, gradually increasing the temperature in the furnace, and feeding the uniformly mixed materials into the electric arc furnace through the hollow electrode when the temperature of a bottom arc zone is 2100 ℃; the diameter of the hollow channel is 200 mm; the compressed gas adopts air, the pressure is controlled at 0.1MPa, and the formed aluminum-silicon-iron alloy is discharged from the bottom of the electric arc furnace after the smelting process reaches 6 hours.
Example 2
The method for preparing the ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy by the carbon thermal reduction of the pretreatment of the waste refractory material comprises the following steps:
step 1, according to the components of the target ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy: 27 percent of aluminum, 63 percent of silicon and the balance of iron, calcium, titanium and other trace metals; calculating the mass of the waste refractory material, the fly ash and the waste cathode carbon block required for reducing the metal oxide by taking fixed carbon contained in the waste cathode carbon block as a reducing agent according to a stoichiometric ratio to obtain the mass ratio of the waste refractory material, the fly ash and the waste cathode carbon block of 1:3: 2; putting the waste refractory material, the waste cathode carbon blocks and the dry paper pulp powder together in a ball mill according to a certain proportion, grinding and uniformly mixing, and then pressing the mixture into pellets by using a ball press; the adding amount of the paper pulp dry powder is 8 percent of the sum of the mass of the waste refractory material and the mass of the fly ash, the pressing pressure is 100MPa, and the diameter of the pellet is 40 mm;
step 2, putting the pellets into a vacuum container for high-temperature vacuum distillation, wherein the distillation temperature is 950 ℃, the distillation time is 6 hours, and the vacuum degree is 10 Pa; the volatilized fluoride enters a condensation system, and the distillation slag is left in a vacuum container;
step 3, taking the distillation residues out of the vacuum container and crushing the distillation residues by using a crusher, wherein the granularity of the crushed distillation residues is less than 100 meshes, and uniformly mixing the distillation residue powder with the fly ash;
step 4, starting the electric arc furnace, gradually increasing the temperature in the furnace, and feeding the uniformly mixed materials into the electric arc furnace through the hollow electrode when the temperature of a bottom arc zone is 1900 ℃; the diameter of the hollow channel is 100 mm; the compressed gas adopts argon, the pressure is controlled at 0.4MPa, and the formed aluminum-silicon-iron alloy is discharged from the bottom of the electric arc furnace after the smelting process reaches 4 hours.
Example 3
The method for preparing the ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy by the carbon thermal reduction of the pretreatment of the waste refractory material comprises the following steps:
step 1, according to the components of the target ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy: the aluminum content is 31 percent, the silicon content is 58 percent, and the rest is iron, calcium, titanium and other trace metals; calculating the mass of the waste refractory material, the fly ash and the waste cathode carbon block required for reducing the metal oxide by taking fixed carbon contained in the waste cathode carbon block as a reducing agent according to a stoichiometric ratio to obtain the mass ratio of the waste refractory material, the fly ash and the waste cathode carbon block of 1:1: 1; putting the waste refractory material, the waste cathode carbon blocks and the dry paper pulp powder together in a ball mill according to a certain proportion, grinding and uniformly mixing, and then pressing the mixture into pellets by using a ball press; the adding amount of the paper pulp dry powder is 10 percent of the sum of the mass of the waste refractory material and the mass of the fly ash, the pressing pressure is 150MPa, and the diameter of the pellet is 30 mm;
step 2, putting the pellets into a vacuum container for high-temperature vacuum distillation, wherein the distillation temperature is 850 ℃, the distillation time is 10 hours, and the vacuum degree is 0.1 Pa; the volatilized fluoride enters a condensation system, and the distillation slag is left in a vacuum container;
and 3, taking the distillation residues out of the vacuum container, crushing the distillation residues by using a crusher, and uniformly mixing the distillation residue powder and the fly ash, wherein the granularity of the crushed distillation residues is smaller than 100 meshes.
Step 4, starting the electric arc furnace, gradually increasing the temperature in the furnace, and when the temperature of the bottom arc zone is 1700 ℃, feeding the uniformly mixed materials into the electric arc furnace through the hollow electrode; the diameter of the hollow channel is 20 mm; the compressed gas adopts carbon monoxide, and pressure control is at 0.8MPa, releases the aluminium silicon iron alloy that forms from the electric-arc furnace bottom after the smelting process reaches 2 h.
Claims (6)
1. The method for preparing the ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy by the carbon thermal reduction of the pretreatment of the waste refractory material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, determining the amounts of the waste refractory material in the aluminum electrolytic cell overhaul slag, the fly ash and the waste cathode carbon block in the aluminum electrolytic cell overhaul slag according to the components of the target ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy, and reducing the waste refractory material by taking fixed carbon contained in the waste cathode carbon block as a reducing agent according to a stoichiometric ratioMiddle Al2O3、SiO2The amount of metal aluminum and silicon generated by the oxide is calculated, and then the Al of the fly ash reduced by the waste cathode carbon block is calculated2O3、SiO2The amount of the metal aluminum and the silicon obtained by the oxide is adjusted by the amount of the metal aluminum and the silicon obtained by reducing the fly ash, so as to obtain the components of the aluminum and the silicon in the prepared aluminum-silicon-iron alloy and the amounts of the waste refractory material, the fly ash and the waste cathode carbon block; putting the waste refractory material, the waste cathode carbon blocks and the dry paper pulp powder into a ball mill together for grinding and uniformly mixing, and then pressing the mixture into pellets by using a ball press; in the pellet pressing process, the particle size of the powder of the waste refractory material and the waste cathode carbon block after ball milling is less than 100 meshes, the addition amount of the paper pulp dry powder is 6-10% of the sum of the mass of the waste refractory material and the waste cathode carbon block, the pressing pressure of a ball press is 50-150MPa, and the diameter of the pellet is 30-50 mm;
step 2, placing the pellets into a vacuum container for high-temperature vacuum distillation, wherein the distillation temperature is 850-; the volatilized fluoride enters a condensation system, and the distillation slag is left in a vacuum container; the grain size of the crushed distillation slag is less than 100 meshes, the fluoride and the metal sodium separated by vacuum distillation are respectively recovered after being cooled, and the fluoride electrolyte is returned to the electrolytic bath for use;
step 3, taking the distillation residues out of the vacuum container, crushing the distillation residues by using a crusher, and uniformly mixing the distillation residue powder with the fly ash;
step 4, starting the electric arc furnace and gradually increasing the temperature in the furnace, and when the temperature of the bottom arc zone is 1700-2100 ℃, feeding the uniformly mixed materials into the electric arc furnace through the hollow electrode; discharging the formed ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy from the bottom of the electric arc furnace after the smelting process reaches 2-6 hours; in the smelting process of the electric arc furnace, a hollow channel in the middle of a hollow electrode is connected with a compressed gas pipeline for conveying powdery materials, and the powdery materials are conveyed to an electric arc reaction zone through the hollow channel by taking compressed gas as a carrier to finish the rapid smelting reaction; the diameter of the hollow channel is 20mm-200 mm; the pressure of the compressed gas is controlled between 0.1MPa and 0.8MPa, and the soot and the slag generated in the smelting process of the electric arc furnace are returned to the batching process for continuous use.
2. The method for preparing the sendust according to claim 1, wherein the waste refractory comprises the following components by mass: na (Na)2O 5～30％，Al2O315～50％，SiO210～50％，Fe2O3≤10％，K2O≤3％，CaO≤3％，F≤10％。
3. The method for preparing the sendust alloy by the carbon thermal reduction of the pretreatment of the waste refractory material according to claim 1, wherein the waste cathode carbon block comprises the following components by mass: 60-80% of C and Al2O30-3%, Na 4-10%, and fluoride electrolyte 10-20%.
4. The method for preparing the sendust according to claim 1, wherein the dry pulp powder comprises the following components by mass: the calcium lignosulphonate is more than or equal to 90 percent, and the dry basis moisture is more than or equal to 8 percent.
5. The method for preparing the ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy by the carbon thermal reduction of the pretreatment of the waste refractory material according to claim 1, wherein the fly ash comprises the following components in percentage by mass: al (Al)2O315～50％，SiO230～50％，Fe2O30～10％，CaO 0～5％，MgO 0～5％，Na2O 0～3％，K2O 0～3％，TiO20-3%, and the content of other single metal oxides is less than 1%.
6. The method for producing sendust according to claim 1, wherein the compressed gas is one of argon, air and carbon monoxide.
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