CN114231994B - 一种铝合金牺牲阳极及其制备方法及应用 - Google Patents

一种铝合金牺牲阳极及其制备方法及应用 Download PDF

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CN114231994B
CN114231994B CN202111645734.1A CN202111645734A CN114231994B CN 114231994 B CN114231994 B CN 114231994B CN 202111645734 A CN202111645734 A CN 202111645734A CN 114231994 B CN114231994 B CN 114231994B
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aluminum alloy
sacrificial anode
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刘严强
李�杰
万励
戴慰慰
梁云
冯海星
苏永强
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Zhejiang Yuxi Corrosion Control Corp
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Abstract

本发明涉及腐蚀与防护技术领域,尤其是一种铝合金牺牲阳极及其制备方法及应用,现提出如下方案,铝合金牺牲阳极含有重量比为:0.005%~0.50%的铟,0.01%~4.00%的锡,0.01%~1.85%的硅,0.2%~6.0%的镁,0.005%~0.20%的镉,其余为铝;铝合金牺牲阳极的制备方法,在铝中加入相应组分的铟、锡、硅、镁和镉,加热熔融制得合金溶液,再将合金溶液浇铸成型得到铝合金牺牲阳极。本发明提出的铝合金牺牲阳极中不含锌,具有电位稳定,实际电流容量高,表面溶解均匀,腐蚀产物容易脱落的优点,避免了牺牲阳极中锌元素溶解对海洋生态的影响,为环境友好型铝合金牺牲阳极。

Description

一种铝合金牺牲阳极及其制备方法及应用
技术领域
本发明涉及腐蚀与防护技术领域,尤其是一种铝合金牺牲阳极及其制备方法及应用。
背景技术
目前,应用于海洋工程装备的腐蚀防护的阴极保护材料以Al-Zn-In系阳极为主,含锌的铝合金牺牲阳极溶解后产生的重金属锌离子,会对海洋生态环境造成影响和危害,例如,海上养殖区附近修建了大量的海上风电设施,环评发现其周边海水中的锌含量超标,超过了标准规定中作为水产养殖区的二类水质中锌元素不超过0.05mg/L的上限,过量的锌会影响海洋生物正常的生理代谢,导致生物生长发育被抑制,对免疫系统和生殖系统也会造成损害,对养殖业会造成减产的危害,而锌超标主要是牺牲阳极中锌元素溶解所致。
为了减少锌过量对海洋环境的影响,可以在不影响铝合金牺牲阳极原有性能基础上不添加金属锌,形成一种对海洋环境无污染的无锌型铝合金牺牲阳极材料,为此,本发明提出了一种铝合金牺牲阳极及其制备方法及应用。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中的问题,本发明提出了一种铝合金牺牲阳极及其制备方法及应用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用了如下技术方案:
一种铝合金牺牲阳极,含有重量比为:0.005%~0.50%的铟,0.01%~4.00%的锡,0.01%~1.85%的硅,0.2%~6.0%的镁,0.005%~0.20%的镉,其余为铝。
上述铝合金牺牲阳极在用于海洋结构物、海底管道及海洋装备的腐蚀防护的阴极保护工程中的应用。
上述铝合金牺牲阳极的制备方法,包括在铝中加入铟、锡、硅、镁和镉,加热熔融制得合金溶液,再将合金溶液浇铸成型得到铝合金牺牲阳极,所述铟的质量分数为0.005%~0.50%,所述锡的质量分数为0.01%~4.00%,所述硅的质量分数为0.01%~1.85%,所述镁的质量分数为0.2%~6.0%,所述镉的质量分数为0.005%~0.20%。
本发明的有益效果:
1、本发明提出的铝合金牺牲阳极中不含锌,避免了牺牲阳极中锌元素溶解对海洋生态的影响,为环境友好型铝合金牺牲阳极,而且该铝合金牺牲阳极的开路电位为-1.19V~-1.10V(相对于饱和甘汞电极),工作电位为-1.13V~-1.05V(相对于饱和甘汞电极),电容量为按照ISO 15589-2Annex E(等同于DNVGL-RP-B401 Appendix B)测试:≥2600Ah/Kg;按照ISO 15589-2Annex C(等同于DNVGL-RP-B401Appendix C的Free-running法)进行1年期电化学性能试验:≥2200Ah/kg。
2、本发明的铝合金牺牲阳极在使用时,其表面溶解均匀,腐蚀产物容易脱落,可广泛用于海洋结构物、海底管道工程及海洋装备等的阴极保护工程。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。
一种铝合金牺牲阳极,含有重量比为:0.005%~0.50%的铟,0.01%~4.00%的锡,0.01%~1.85%的硅,0.2%~6.0%的镁,0.005%~0.20%的镉,其余为铝,铝合金牺牲阳极的阳极开路电位为-1.13V(相对于饱和甘汞电极),开路电位为-1.19V~-1.10V(相对于饱和甘汞电极),工作电位为-1.13V~-1.05V(相对于饱和甘汞电极),按照ISO 15589-2Annex E(等同于DNVGL-RP-B401 Appendix B)测试,其电容量≥2600Ah/Kg。
在一些场景下,适当的调整各金属的比例可得到本发明所提出的铝合金牺牲阳极,例如,铝合金牺牲阳极的组成及各组成含量可以但不仅局限于为:铝合金牺牲阳极的各组分重量比为:铟0.008%,锡0.012%,硅0.015%,镁0.3%,镉0.006%,铝99.659%,该铝合金牺牲阳极的阳极开路电位为-1.13V(相对于饱和甘汞电极),工作电位为-1.07V(相对于饱和甘汞电极),按照ISO 15589-2Annex E(等同于DNVGL-RP-B401 Appendix B)测试,实际电流容量为2628Ah/Kg。
在一些场景下,适当的调整各金属的比例可得到本发明所提出的铝合金牺牲阳极,例如,铝合金牺牲阳极的各组分重量比为:铟0.25%,锡2%,硅0.93%,镁3.1%,镉0.1%,铝93.62%,该铝合金牺牲阳极的阳极开路电位:-1.15V,工作电位为:-1.12V,按照ISO 15589-2Annex E(等同于DNVGL-RP-B401 Appendix B)测试,实际电流容量为:2637Ah/Kg。
在一些场景下,适当的调整各金属的比例可得到本发明所提出的铝合金牺牲阳极,例如,铝合金牺牲阳极的各组分重量比为:铟0.48%,锡3.8%,硅1.65%,镁5.8%,镉0.18%,铝88.09%,铝合金牺牲阳极的阳极开路电位-1.13V,工作电位为-1.1V,按照ISO15589-2Annex E(等同于DNVGL-RP-B401 Appendix B)测试,实际电流容量为2609Ah/Kg。
在一些场景下,适当的调整各金属的比例可得到本发明所提出的铝合金牺牲阳极,例如,铝合金牺牲阳极的各组分重量比为:铟0.008%-0.48%,锡0.012%-3.8%,硅0.015%-1.65%,镁0.3%-5.8%,镉0.006%-0.18%,铝88.09%-99.659%。
一种铝合金牺牲阳极在用于海洋结构物、海底管道及海洋装备的腐蚀防护的阴极保护工程中的应用,例如,应用于各类船舶、采油平台、海上风电、海底管线、跨海大桥、人造岛礁、海港码头等大型设施的腐蚀防护。
实施例1
按照Al:99.659%,In:0.008%,Sn:0.012%,Si:0.015%,Mg:0.3%,Cd:0.006%配置各组分材料,将其放在在熔炉内加热熔融,通过合金化后形成铝合金溶液,再通过模具浇铸形成成品铝合金牺牲阳极,按照ISO 15589-2Annex E(等同于DNVGL-RP-B401Appendix B)对样品进行测试表明:阳极表面腐蚀均匀,腐蚀产物容易脱落,阳极开路电位:-1.13V(相对于饱和甘汞电极),工作电位为:-1.07V(相对于饱和甘汞电极),实际电流容量为:2628Ah/Kg;按照ISO 15589-2Annex C(等同于DNVGL-RP-B401 Appendix C的Free-running法)进行1年期电化学性能试验,其工作电位为-1.07V(相对于饱和甘汞电极),电容量为2410Ah/kg。
实施例2
按照Al:88.09%,In:0.48%,Sn:3.8%,Si:1.65%,Mg:5.8%,Cd:0.18%配置各组分材料,将其放在在熔炉内加热熔融,通过合金化后形成铝合金溶液,再通过模具浇铸形成成品铝合金牺牲阳极,按照ISO 15589-2Annex E(等同于DNVGL-RP-B401 Appendix B)对样品进行测试表明:阳极表面腐蚀均匀,腐蚀产物容易脱落,阳极开路电位:-1.13V,工作电位为:-1.1V,实际电流容量为:2609Ah/Kg;按照ISO 15589-2Annex C(等同于DNVGL-RP-B401 Appendix C的Free-running法)进行1年期电化学性能试验,其工作电位为-1.10V(相对于饱和甘汞电极),电容量为2290Ah/kg。
实施例3
按照Al:93.62%,In:0.25%,Sn:2%,Si:0.93%,Mg:3.1%,Cd:0.1%配置各组分材料,将其放在在熔炉内加热熔融,通过合金化后形成铝合金溶液,再通过模具浇铸形成成品铝合金牺牲阳极,按照ISO 15589-2Annex E(等同于DNVGL-RP-B401 Appendix B)对样品进行测试表明:阳极表面腐蚀均匀,腐蚀产物容易脱落,阳极开路电位:-1.15V,工作电位为:-1.12V,实际电流容量为:2637Ah/Kg,按照ISO 15589-2Annex C(等同于DNVGL-RP-B401Appendix C的Free-running法)进行1年期电化学性能试验,其工作电位为-1.10V(相对于饱和甘汞电极),电容量为2350Ah/kg。
通过实施例1-3的数据可以看出,本发明所提出的环境友好型铝合金牺牲阳极具有电位稳定,实际电流容量高,表面溶解均匀,腐蚀产物容易脱落的优点,对海洋环境无二次污染,适用于海洋环境不同工况下钢构件的阴极保护;
对比例1(去除Sn)
按照Al:91.89%,In:0.48%,Si:1.65%,Mg:5.8%,Cd:0.18%配置各组分材料,将其放在在熔炉内加热熔融,通过合金化后形成铝合金溶液,再通过模具浇铸形成成品铝合金牺牲阳极,按照ISO 15589-2Annex E(等同于DNVGL-RP-B401 Appendix B)对样品进行测试表明:阳极表面腐蚀均匀,腐蚀产物不容易脱落,阳极开路电位:-1.16V,工作电位为:-1.14V,实际电流容量为:2325Ah/Kg;按照ISO 15589-2Annex C(等同于DNVGL-RP-B401Appendix C的Free-running法)进行1年期电化学性能试验,其工作电位为-1.10V(相对于饱和甘汞电极),电容量为2077Ah/kg;
通过对比例1和实施例2相比,实施例2的实际电流容量为2609Ah/Kg,而对比例1的实际电流容量为2325Ah/Kg,对比例1的实际电流容量下降较多,阳极开路电位、工作电位略有降低。
对比例2(去除Si、Mg、Cd)
按照Al:95.72%,In:0.48%,Sn:3.8%配置各组分材料,将其放在在熔炉内加热熔融,通过合金化后形成铝合金溶液,再通过模具浇铸形成成品铝合金牺牲阳极,按照ISO15589-2Annex E(等同于DNVGL-RP-B401 Appendix B)对样品进行测试表明:阳极表面腐蚀均匀,腐蚀产物较容易脱落,阳极开路电位:-1.14V,工作电位为:-1.12V,实际电流容量为:2399Ah/Kg;按照ISO 15589-2Annex C(等同于DNVGL-RP-B401 Appendix C的Free-running法)进行1年期电化学性能试验,其工作电位为-1.10V(相对于饱和甘汞电极),电容量为2085Ah/kg。
通过对比例1和对比例2相比,对比例2的实际电流容量为2399Ah/Kg,对比例1的实际电流容量为2325Ah/Kg,对比例2的电流电流容量有所提高,阳极开路电位、工作电位以略有提高,但均低于实施例2中的相关数据,分析其原因包括如下:
锡元素添加提高阳极的电流效率,但是各金属反应后产生的腐蚀产物不易脱落,使得其它的金属元素参与反应的速率降低,从而降低了阳极表面活性,以至于各阳极的各实验参数降低,而通过添加Si、Mg、Cd可以使得腐蚀产物较容易脱落,使得其它的金属元素参与反应的速率提高,从而提高了阳极表面活性,以至于各阳极的各实验参数相应的提高了,但是均低于实施2中的各参数,可见以上组分之间存在一定的协同促进作用;
本发明各组分间具有相互协同作用,通过在金属铝中添加铝、铟、锡、硅、镁、镉金属,有效保证阳极的电化学性能及阳极的腐蚀表面的均匀程度,从而提升阳极的使用寿命,通过添加铟元素提升阳极的电位,锡元素添加提高阳极的电流效率,硅、镁、镉的添加用于增加阳极表面活性;在阳极中添加铟元素使其达到所需阳极电位时,会导致阳极的电流容量下降,通过锡元素的添加能将有效解除铟元素对阳极电流效率的影响,但是,锡的添加又造成阳极表面活性下降,而通过添加硅、镁、镉等元素解决阳极表面活性低的问题。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种铝合金牺牲阳极,其特征在于,含有重量比为:0.005%~0.50%的铟,0.01%~4.00%的锡,0.01%~1.85%的硅,0.2%~6.0%的镁,0.005%~0.20%的镉,其余为铝;所述铝合金牺牲阳极的开路电位相对于饱和甘汞电极为-1.19V~-1.10V,工作电位相对于饱和甘汞电极为-1.13V~-1.05V,电容量≥2600Ah/Kg。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种铝合金牺牲阳极,其特征在于,所述铝合金牺牲阳极的各组分重量比为:铟0.008%,锡0.012%,硅0.015%,镁0.3%,镉0.006%,铝99.659%;所述铝合金牺牲阳极的阳极开路电位相对于饱和甘汞电极为-1.13V,工作电位相对于饱和甘汞电极为-1.07V,实际电流容量为2628Ah/Kg。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种铝合金牺牲阳极,其特征在于,所述铝合金牺牲阳极的各组分重量比为:铟0.25%,锡2%,硅0.93%,镁3.1%,镉0.1%,铝93.62%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种铝合金牺牲阳极,其特征在于,所述铝合金牺牲阳极的各组分重量比为:铟0.48%,锡3.8%,硅1.65%,镁5.8%,镉0.18%,铝88.09%;所述铝合金牺牲阳极的阳极开路电位为-1.13V,工作电位为-1.1V,实际电流容量为2609Ah/Kg。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种铝合金牺牲阳极,其特征在于,所述铝合金牺牲阳极的各组分重量比为:铟0.008%-0.48%,锡0.012%-3.8%,硅0.015%-1.65%,镁0.3%-5.8%,镉0.006%-0.18%,铝88.09%-99.659%。
6.权利要求1-5任一权利要求所述的一种铝合金牺牲阳极在用于海洋结构物、海底管道及海洋装备的腐蚀防护的阴极保护工程中的应用。
7.权利要求1-5任一权利要求所述的铝合金牺牲阳极的制备方法,其特征在于,包括在铝中加入铟、锡、硅、镁和镉,加热熔融制得合金溶液,再将合金溶液浇铸成型得到铝合金牺牲阳极,所述铟的质量分数为0.005%~0.50%,所述锡的质量分数为0.01%~4.00%,所述硅的质量分数为0.01%~1.85%,所述镁的质量分数为0.2%~6.0%,所述镉的质量分数为0.005%~0.20%。
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