CN114231580A - High-efficiency fermented composite chitin extraction process - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of chitin extraction, in particular to a composite chitin extraction process by efficient fermentation, which solves the problems of low efficiency, high pollution, no derivatives and low utilization rate in the extraction of chitin in the prior art, further greatly influences the overall extraction efficiency of chitin, has the problem of difficult degradation, greatly influences the finishing use process of chitin and is very inconvenient. A process for extracting the fermented composite chitin includes such steps as collecting the raw materials including natural shrimps and crabs, sugar and citric acid, grinding, and mixing with sugar and citric acid. The invention has the advantages of increased extraction efficiency, no wastewater generation, low cost, low price and good product quality, and only comprises 1/3 of an acid-base method and 1/5 of an enzymolysis method.

Description

High-efficiency fermented composite chitin extraction process

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of chitin extraction, in particular to a composite chitin extraction process with efficient fermentation.

Background

Chitin is used in many different industrial applications, and is used for purifying water and wastewater, as a food additive to be applied to medicines and to play a role in thickening to stabilize the states of foods and medicines, and also can be used as a dye, a fabric and an adhesive, industrial separation films and ion exchange resins can be made into chitin, and the size and strength of processed paper also use chitin.

In the prior art, when chitin is extracted, the problems of low efficiency, high pollution, no derivatives and low utilization rate often exist, so that the overall extraction efficiency of the chitin is greatly influenced, the problem of difficult degradation exists, the completion and use process of the chitin is greatly influenced, and great inconvenience is caused, so that a composite chitin extraction process for efficient fermentation is urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a composite chitin extraction process with efficient fermentation, which solves the problems of low efficiency, high pollution, no derivatives and low utilization rate in the extraction of chitin in the prior art, further greatly influences the overall extraction efficiency of chitin, has the problem of difficult degradation, greatly influences the completion use process of chitin and is very inconvenient.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a composite chitin extraction process for high-efficiency fermentation, wherein fermentation parameters in the composite chitin extraction process for high-efficiency fermentation are set as follows:

1) medium sterilization temperature pasteurization temperature: 78.9 ℃;

2) anaerobic: the fermentation temperature was 35 ℃, nitrogen was turned on, and the flow meter on the panel was adjusted to 67 LPM;

3) aerobic: the fermentation temperature is 32 ℃, the air flow rate is high, the initial pH value is 6.6, and the pH value is set to be 6.7;

4) aerobic: the compressed air was turned on and the flow meter on the panel was adjusted to 57 LPM;

5) ph controlled anaerobic: initial pH 6.1, pH setpoint 5.

Preferably, the extraction process of the high-efficiency fermented composite chitin comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: the raw materials are received and stored, wherein the raw materials adopt natural shrimps and crabs, sugar and citric acid.

Step two: grinding the shrimps and crabs in the raw materials, wherein an ultra-clean ultra-micro powder grinding process and equipment are adopted during grinding.

Step three: fully mixing the grinded shrimps and crabs with sugar and citric acid,

step four: fermenting the mixture of the raw materials by adopting a microorganism integrated fermentation technology.

Step five: extracting the fermented raw materials by adopting a low-temperature extraction technology, micronizing the prepared chitin, and packaging.

Preferably, the types of the microorganisms in the high-efficiency fermentation compound chitin extraction process are 21.

Preferably, the extracted chitin can be used as fish feed, cosmetic, hair protection, humectant, etc. in fishery, and can be used as contact lens, artificial skin, suture, artificial dialysis membrane, artificial blood vessel, etc. in medical supplies.

Preferably, the degradation of chitin:

1) degradation of chitin

a. Taking a certain amount of carapace, and crushing by using an ultrafine crusher to obtain carapace bone powder;

b. b, adding hydrogen peroxide into the crustal powder obtained in the step a, rapidly heating to 150 ℃ and carrying out hydrogen peroxide initiation, and finishing treatment to obtain oxidized chitosan; wherein the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is 70 percent, and the chitin powder is soaked in the hydrogen peroxide for 3 hours before the temperature is raised;

2) enzymolysis

B, adding the oxidized chitosan compound protease obtained in the step b, performing enzymolysis for 12 hours under the action of ultrasonic waves, and centrifuging to obtain clear liquid to obtain crude liquefied chitosan; the composite protease comprises alkaline protease and deacetylase, wherein the mass percentage of the alkaline protease to the deacetylase is 1: 5; the ultrasonic treatment conditions are as follows: the ultrasonic frequency is 1.2KHz, the ultrasonic power is 0.3W/cm2, and the ultrasonic application period is 8 min/h;

3) purification of

Vacuum drying the crude liquefied chitosan obtained in the step 2); then, the dried crude chitosan is put into a supercritical carbon dioxide extractor for treatment for 5 hours, and the residual material after extraction is chitosan; wherein, the supercritical carbon dioxide treatment conditions are as follows: the pressure is 20MPa, the temperature is 30 ℃, the flow rate of carbon dioxide is 15kg/h, and the time is 20 min.

The invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

the method has high extraction efficiency, the efficiency of chitin extraction by a biological fermentation method is 10 times that of an acid-base method and 5 times that of an enzymolysis method, and the extraction efficiency and the purity are high; no pollution: the biological fermentation method has the advantages of minimum environmental pollution, almost 0 and high biological activity, only one of chitin is used as a biological active substance in other processes, and more than 20 active substances, such as amino acids, various minerals, lipids, sugars and the like, are known in the biological fermentation method besides the chitin.

The invention also has at least the following beneficial effects:

the extraction process of the efficiently fermented compound chitin has low price, the cost is lower because the extraction efficiency is increased and no wastewater is generated, and the extraction process only has 1/3 of an acid-base method and 1/5 of an enzymolysis method, the price is low and the product quality is good, so the extraction process has higher market competitiveness.

The invention also has at least the following beneficial effects:

the carapace is physically treated, and the chitin is modified by utilizing the instantaneous release of the high energy of blasting to generate water-soluble chitin; the problem that the acid-base process applied to the existing chitin pollutes the environment is solved, the prepared product is uniform and free of impurities, the problems of uncontrollable acid-base decomposition and small molecular weight are solved, and the chitosan is endowed with good application properties.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Example one

A composite chitin extraction process for high-efficiency fermentation, wherein fermentation parameters in the composite chitin extraction process for high-efficiency fermentation are set as follows:

1) medium sterilization temperature pasteurization temperature: 78.9 ℃;

2) anaerobic: the fermentation temperature was 35 ℃, nitrogen was turned on, and the flow meter on the panel was adjusted to 67 LPM;

3) aerobic: the fermentation temperature is 32 ℃, the air flow rate is high, the initial pH value is 6.6, and the pH value is set to be 6.7;

4) aerobic: the compressed air was turned on and the flow meter on the panel was adjusted to 57 LPM;

5) ph controlled anaerobic: initial pH 6.1, pH setpoint 5.

Through the accurate settlement of fermentation parameter, and then can further improve the fermentation and make efficiency to and the precision and the speed of chitin extraction.

Example two

The extraction process of the efficiently fermented compound chitin comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: the raw materials are received and stored, wherein the raw materials adopt natural shrimps and crabs, sugar and citric acid.

Step two: grinding the shrimps and crabs in the raw materials, wherein an ultra-clean ultra-micro powder grinding process and equipment are adopted during grinding.

Step three: fully mixing the grinded shrimps and crabs with sugar and citric acid,

step four: fermenting the mixture of the raw materials by adopting a microorganism integrated fermentation technology.

Step five: extracting the fermented raw materials by adopting a low-temperature extraction technology, micronizing the prepared chitin, and packaging.

The efficiency of extracting chitin by a biological fermentation method is 10 times that of an acid-base method and 5 times that of an enzymolysis method, the extraction efficiency is high, the purity is high, the cost is lower due to the increase of the extraction efficiency and no waste water is generated, and only 1/3 of the acid-base method and 1/5 of the enzymolysis method are used.

EXAMPLE III

The variety of microorganisms in the extraction process of the high-efficiency fermented compound chitin is 21, and the extracted chitin can be used as fish-farming feed, cosmetic and cosmetic, hair protection, humectant and the like in fishery, and can be used as contact lenses, artificial skin, suture lines, artificial dialysis membranes, artificial blood vessels and the like in medical supplies.

Example four

Degrading chitin:

1) degradation of chitin

a. Taking a certain amount of carapace, and crushing by using an ultrafine crusher to obtain carapace bone powder;

b. b, adding hydrogen peroxide into the crustal powder obtained in the step a, rapidly heating to 150 ℃ and carrying out hydrogen peroxide initiation, and finishing treatment to obtain oxidized chitosan; wherein the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is 70 percent, and the chitin powder is soaked in the hydrogen peroxide for 3 hours before the temperature is raised;

2) enzymolysis

B, adding the oxidized chitosan compound protease obtained in the step b, performing enzymolysis for 12 hours under the action of ultrasonic waves, and centrifuging to obtain clear liquid to obtain crude liquefied chitosan; the composite protease comprises alkaline protease and deacetylase, wherein the mass percentage of the alkaline protease to the deacetylase is 1: 5; the ultrasonic treatment conditions are as follows: the ultrasonic frequency is 1.2KHz, the ultrasonic power is 0.3W/cm2, and the ultrasonic application period is 8 min/h;

3) purification of

Vacuum drying the crude liquefied chitosan obtained in the step 2); then, the dried crude chitosan is put into a supercritical carbon dioxide extractor for treatment for 5 hours, and the residual material after extraction is chitosan; wherein, the supercritical carbon dioxide treatment conditions are as follows: the pressure is 20MPa, the temperature is 30 ℃, the flow rate of carbon dioxide is 15kg/h, and the time is 20 min.

The chitin is modified by physically treating the carapace and simultaneously utilizing the instantaneous release of the high energy of blasting to generate water-soluble chitin; overcomes the problem that the acid-base process applied to the prior chitin pollutes the environment, the prepared product is uniform and free of impurities, the problems of uncontrollable acid-base decomposition and small molecular weight are solved, and the chitosan is endowed with good application characteristics

The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (5)

1. The extraction process of the efficiently fermented composite chitin is characterized in that fermentation parameters in the extraction process of the efficiently fermented composite chitin are set as follows:

1) medium sterilization temperature pasteurization temperature: 78.9 ℃;

2) anaerobic: the fermentation temperature was 35 ℃, nitrogen was turned on, and the flow meter on the panel was adjusted to 67 LPM;

3) aerobic: the fermentation temperature is 32 ℃, the air flow rate is high, the initial pH value is 6.6, and the pH value is set to be 6.7;

4) aerobic: the compressed air was turned on and the flow meter on the panel was adjusted to 57 LPM;

5) ph controlled anaerobic: initial pH 6.1, pH setpoint 5.

2. The extraction process of fermented chitin complex according to claim 1, wherein said extraction process comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: the raw materials are received and stored, wherein the raw materials adopt natural shrimps and crabs, sugar and citric acid.

Step two: grinding the shrimps and crabs in the raw materials, wherein an ultra-clean ultra-micro powder grinding process and equipment are adopted during grinding.

Step three: fully mixing the grinded shrimps and crabs with sugar and citric acid,

step four: fermenting the mixture of the raw materials by adopting a microorganism integrated fermentation technology.

Step five: extracting the fermented raw materials by adopting a low-temperature extraction technology, micronizing the prepared chitin, and packaging.

3. The extraction process of fermented chitin complex according to claim 1, wherein the species of said microorganism is 21.

4. The process of claim 1, wherein the extracted chitin is used as fish feed, cosmetic, hair protection, humectant, etc. in fishery, or as contact lens, artificial skin, suture, artificial dialysis membrane, artificial blood vessel, etc. in medical supplies.

5. The extraction process of the efficiently fermented compound chitin according to claim 1, wherein the degradation of chitin is:

1) degradation of chitin

a. Taking a certain amount of carapace, and crushing by using an ultrafine crusher to obtain carapace bone powder;

b. b, adding hydrogen peroxide into the crustal powder obtained in the step a, rapidly heating to 150 ℃ and carrying out hydrogen peroxide initiation, and finishing treatment to obtain oxidized chitosan; wherein the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is 70 percent, and the chitin powder is soaked in the hydrogen peroxide for 3 hours before the temperature is raised;

2) enzymolysis

B, adding the oxidized chitosan compound protease obtained in the step b, performing enzymolysis for 12 hours under the action of ultrasonic waves, and centrifuging to obtain clear liquid to obtain crude liquefied chitosan; the composite protease comprises alkaline protease and deacetylase, wherein the mass percentage of the alkaline protease to the deacetylase is 1: 5; the ultrasonic treatment conditions are as follows: the ultrasonic frequency is 1.2KHz, the ultrasonic power is 0.3W/cm2, and the ultrasonic application period is 8 min/h;

3) purification of

Vacuum drying the crude liquefied chitosan obtained in the step 2); then, the dried crude chitosan is put into a supercritical carbon dioxide extractor for treatment for 5 hours, and the residual material after extraction is chitosan; wherein, the supercritical carbon dioxide treatment conditions are as follows: the pressure is 20MPa, the temperature is 30 ℃, the flow rate of carbon dioxide is 15kg/h, and the time is 20 min.