CN114231259B - Immersed single-phase liquid coolant, application thereof, liquid cooling method and immersed single-phase liquid cooling system - Google Patents
Immersed single-phase liquid coolant, application thereof, liquid cooling method and immersed single-phase liquid cooling system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114231259B CN114231259B CN202111565786.8A CN202111565786A CN114231259B CN 114231259 B CN114231259 B CN 114231259B CN 202111565786 A CN202111565786 A CN 202111565786A CN 114231259 B CN114231259 B CN 114231259B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/20—Antifreeze additives therefor, e.g. for radiator liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
- H05K7/20218—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating using a liquid coolant without phase change in electronic enclosures
- H05K7/20236—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating using a liquid coolant without phase change in electronic enclosures by immersion
Abstract
The application discloses an immersed single-phase liquid coolant and application thereof, a liquid cooling method and an immersed single-phase liquid cooling system, and belongs to the technical field of liquid cooling. The main components of the liquid cooling agent comprise one, two, three or four of tetrafluoroethylene tetramer, tetrafluoroethylene pentamer, tetrafluoroethylene hexamer and tetrafluoroethylene heptamer, and the liquid cooling agent has good heat dissipation effect, material compatibility and chemical stability.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of liquid cooling, in particular to an immersed single-phase liquid coolant and application thereof, a liquid cooling method and an immersed single-phase liquid cooling system.
Background
The immersed liquid cooling is to directly immerse the heating element in the cooling liquid, and the heat generated by the operation of the heating element is taken away by the flowing circulation of the liquid. Immersion liquid cooling is typically direct contact liquid cooling. Because the heating element is in direct contact with the cooling liquid, the heat dissipation efficiency is higher, and the noise is lower. The immersed liquid cooling is divided into two-phase liquid cooling and single-phase liquid cooling, and the heat dissipation mode can be in the forms of a dry cooler, a cooling tower and the like. Data center submerged cooling helps improve ITs heat dissipation design by directly immersing IT hardware in liquid. Heat generated by the electronic components is transferred directly and efficiently to the liquid, thereby reducing the need for thermally conductive interface materials, heat sinks, fans, and other active cooling components. These improvements increase energy efficiency while allowing higher packing densities to be employed. The energy consumption of server cooling is reduced, a more environment-friendly data center is built, movable parts which need to be maintained and replaced are reduced, because of the efficient heat transfer characteristic of liquid, the hardware design density is possibly improved, the electronic equipment with higher processor utilization rate is allowed to be kept clean and dry by effectively maintaining the temperature below a heating limit value, convenience is provided for maintenance, noise of a server room is obviously reduced, and IT equipment is protected from environmental pollutants (such as dust and sulfide) by being helped.
Immersion liquid cooling has been in the international market for decades, and in the manufacturers in the field of immersion cooling of data centers, the 3M company's product has dominated by two-phase coolant (primarily fluoride liquid). Although the fluoridation liquid has good cooling effect, the liquid has certain toxicity, and needs to be boiled during working, so the fluoridation liquid has high noise, unstable heat dissipation effect and relatively large volume. In addition, the material compatibility and the compatibility of the fluorinated solution are poor, and materials such as rubber in a host computer can swell in the long-time use process, and even the damage of hardware can be caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior liquid cooling technology, the embodiment of the application provides an immersed single-phase liquid cooling agent, application thereof, a liquid cooling method and an immersed single-phase liquid cooling system, and the immersed single-phase liquid cooling agent has good heat dissipation effect, material compatibility and chemical stability.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application mainly provides the following technical solutions:
the embodiment of the application provides an immersed single-phase liquid coolant, which comprises one, two, three or four of tetrafluoroethylene tetramer, tetrafluoroethylene pentamer, tetrafluoroethylene hexamer and tetrafluoroethylene heptamer.
Preferably, the liquid coolant comprises at least 50% by weight of tetrafluoroethylene pentamer.
Preferably, the liquid coolant comprises 50-85% by weight of tetrafluoroethylene pentamer.
Preferably, the main component of the liquid coolant contains tetrafluoroethylene tetramer, tetrafluoroethylene pentamer, tetrafluoroethylene hexamer and tetrafluoroethylene heptamer.
Preferably, the liquid coolant comprises more than 50% by weight of tetrafluoroethylene pentamer based on the total amount of all tetrafluoroethylene oligomers.
Preferably, the main component of the liquid coolant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of tetrafluoroethylene tetramer, 60-85 parts of tetrafluoroethylene pentamer, 2-10 parts of tetrafluoroethylene hexamer and 2-10 parts of tetrafluoroethylene heptamer.
The embodiment of the application also provides application of the liquid coolant in an immersed single-phase liquid cooling system.
The embodiment of the application also provides a liquid cooling method, which comprises the steps of immersing the main body to be cooled in the immersed single-phase liquid coolant partially or completely, and then carrying out heat exchange between the immersed single-phase liquid coolant and other heat exchange devices.
Preferably, the body to be cooled is an electronic device.
The embodiment of the application also provides an immersed single-phase liquid cooling system containing the immersed single-phase liquid cooling agent.
Embodiments of the application may be used alone or in combination with one another, and different embodiments may be combined and form part of the application.
One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application at least have the following technical effects or advantages:
according to the embodiment of the application, one or more of tetrafluoroethylene tetramer, tetrafluoroethylene pentamer, tetrafluoroethylene hexamer and tetrafluoroethylene heptamer are used as main components of the immersed single-phase liquid coolant, on one hand, the boiling point of the compound components is high, the compound components have more branched chains, the chemical stability is good, the compound components cannot change due to long-time use, swelling corrosion is not caused to chips and circuits in electronic devices, and short-circuit hazard is not caused to electronic devices, so that the liquid coolant has better material compatibility of the electronic devices; on the other hand, these compound components have more excellent heat conductive properties and better heat dissipation effects than the fluorinated liquids such as FC-40. Meanwhile, the immersed single-phase liquid coolant is nontoxic, nonflammable and excellent in electrical insulation performance, and meets the basic index requirements of the immersed liquid coolant of the electronic device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a physical diagram of an electronic device sample 1 in a compatibility test according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a physical comparison of parts 1-1 of an electronic device sample 1 before and after immersion in a liquid coolant in accordance with an embodiment of the present application, wherein (a) is before immersion and (b) is after immersion;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a physical comparison of parts 1-2 of an electronic device sample 1 before and after immersion in a liquid coolant in accordance with an embodiment of the present application, wherein (a) is before immersion and (b) is after immersion;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a physical comparison of parts 1-3 of an electronic device sample 1 before and after immersion in a liquid coolant in accordance with an embodiment of the present application, wherein (a) is before immersion and (b) is after immersion;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a physical comparison of parts 1-4 of an electronic device sample 1 before and after immersion in a liquid coolant in an embodiment of the present application, wherein (a) is before immersion and (b) is after immersion;
FIG. 6 is a physical diagram of an electronic device sample 2 in a compatibility test according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a physical comparison of parts 2-1 of an electronic device sample 2 before and after immersion in a liquid coolant in accordance with an embodiment of the present application, wherein (a) is before immersion and (b) is after immersion;
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a physical comparison of parts 2-2 of an electronic device sample 2 before and after immersion in a liquid coolant in accordance with an embodiment of the present application, wherein (a) is before immersion and (b) is after immersion;
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a physical comparison of parts 2-3 of an electronic device sample 2 before and after immersion in a liquid coolant in accordance with an embodiment of the present application, wherein (a) is before immersion and (b) is after immersion;
fig. 10 is a diagram showing a physical comparison of parts 2-4 of an electronic device sample 2 before and after immersion in a liquid coolant in accordance with an embodiment of the present application, wherein (a) is before immersion and (b) is after immersion.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding of the present application by those skilled in the art, the following description will further illustrate the present application with reference to specific examples, which are to be construed as limiting the scope of the application.
In the present disclosure, the terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "having" or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, process, method, article, or apparatus.
The embodiment of the application solves the problems of material compatibility and chemical stability of the liquid coolant of the electronic device by providing a novel immersed single-phase liquid coolant. Specifically, the embodiment of the application provides a liquid coolant with tetrafluoroethylene oligomer as a main component, which has good heat dissipation effect, material compatibility and chemical stability. The application also provides a liquid cooling method using the liquid cooling agent and application of the liquid cooling method in an immersed single-phase liquid cooling system.
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the application aims to solve the problems, and the overall thought is as follows:
the embodiment of the application provides an immersed single-phase liquid coolant, which comprises one, two, three or four of tetrafluoroethylene tetramer, tetrafluoroethylene pentamer, tetrafluoroethylene hexamer and tetrafluoroethylene heptamer.
Specifically, the tetrafluoroethylene tetramer is a mixture of cis-trans isomers having the following structure:
tetrafluoroethylene pentamer is a mixture of cis-trans isomers having the structure:
the tetrafluoroethylene hexamer has the following structure:
tetrafluoroethylene heptamers are mixtures of cis and trans isomers having the structure:
specifically, the components of the above-mentioned liquid-cooling agent may be all one, two, three or four of tetrafluoroethylene tetramer, tetrafluoroethylene pentamer, tetrafluoroethylene hexamer and tetrafluoroethylene heptamer, and may contain other components than tetrafluoroethylene tetramer, tetrafluoroethylene pentamer, tetrafluoroethylene hexamer and tetrafluoroethylene heptamer.
Specifically, the main component of the liquid coolant contains one, two, three or four of tetrafluoroethylene tetramer, tetrafluoroethylene pentamer, tetrafluoroethylene hexamer and tetrafluoroethylene heptamer, and the total weight ratio of the tetrafluoroethylene tetramer, the tetrafluoroethylene pentamer, the tetrafluoroethylene hexamer and the tetrafluoroethylene heptamer in the liquid coolant is preferably at least 50 percent.
In some preferred embodiments of the application, the composition of the liquid coolant comprises at least 50% by weight of tetrafluoroethylene pentamer. Specifically, the components of the liquid coolant may include at least 50 wt%, at least 55 wt%, at least 60 wt%, at least 70 wt%, at least 80 wt%, or at least 85 wt% of tetrafluoroethylene pentamer.
In some preferred embodiments of the present application, the liquid coolant contains 50% -85% by weight of tetrafluoroethylene pentamer, and the remaining 15% -50% by weight of the liquid coolant may be one, two or three of tetrafluoroethylene tetramer, tetrafluoroethylene hexamer and tetrafluoroethylene heptamer, or may be other components.
In some preferred embodiments of the present application, the main component of the liquid coolant contains tetrafluoroethylene tetramer, tetrafluoroethylene pentamer, tetrafluoroethylene hexamer and tetrafluoroethylene heptamer. More preferably, the weight ratio of the tetrafluoroethylene pentamer in the total amount of all tetrafluoroethylene oligomers in the components of the liquid cooling agent exceeds 50%, namely the main component of the liquid cooling agent is mainly tetrafluoroethylene pentamer, and the content of the tetrafluoroethylene pentamer exceeds the sum of the contents of tetrafluoroethylene tetramer, tetrafluoroethylene hexamer and tetrafluoroethylene heptamer. More preferably, the main component of the liquid coolant contains the following components in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of tetrafluoroethylene tetramer, 60-85 parts of tetrafluoroethylene pentamer, 2-10 parts of tetrafluoroethylene hexamer and 2-10 parts of tetrafluoroethylene heptamer.
The liquid cooling agent provided by the embodiment of the application can also comprise one or more of the following compounds: ethers, alkanes, perfluorinated olefins, halogenated olefins, perfluorinated hydrocarbons, perfluorinated tertiary amines, perfluorinated ethers, cycloalkanes, esters, perfluorinated ketones, ethylene oxides, aromatics, siloxanes, hydrochlorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, hydrofluoroolefins, hydrochloroalkenes, hydrochlorofluoroolefins, hydrofluoroethers, or mixtures thereof. The characteristics for the above-described liquid coolant are changed or enhanced by adding these components to the above-described liquid coolant.
As can be seen from structural formulas of tetrafluoroethylene tetramer, tetrafluoroethylene pentamer, tetrafluoroethylene hexamer and tetrafluoroethylene heptamer, the compounds have more branched chains, compared with hexafluoropropylene dimer, hexafluoropropylene trimer, tetrafluoroethylene dimer, tetrafluoroethylene trimer and other perfluorinated olefin oligomers and conventional fluorinated solution, the compounds are less prone to nucleophilic reaction and have better chemical stability, the compounds can not generate component change due to long-time use, can not cause swelling corrosion to chips and circuits in electronic devices, can not cause short circuit hazard to electronic devices, and have better material compatibility of electronic devices.
The tetrafluoroethylene tetramer, the tetrafluoroethylene pentamer, the tetrafluoroethylene hexamer and the tetrafluoroethylene heptamer in the liquid coolant provided by the embodiment of the application have the characteristics of no toxicity and incombustibility, have good electrical insulation property when the dielectric constants of the tetrafluoroethylene tetramer, the tetrafluoroethylene pentamer, the tetrafluoroethylene hexamer and the tetrafluoroethylene heptamer are all more than 2 at 1G-30GHz, have high boiling point, large specific heat capacity and high heat conductivity coefficient, and meet the design requirement of the single-phase immersed liquid coolant. The liquid cooling agent with large specific heat capacity can absorb more heat, so that the consumption of the liquid cooling agent can be reduced, and the volume of a liquid cooling system is reduced; the boiling point of the liquid cooling agent is high, the liquid cooling agent can be used as a single-phase liquid cooling agent, boiling is not needed during operation, noise is low, and the optional range of the working temperature is wide; the liquid coolant has high heat conductivity coefficient, and can improve heat transfer efficiency, thereby reducing energy consumption.
The tetrafluoroethylene tetramer, the tetrafluoroethylene pentamer, the tetrafluoroethylene hexamer and the tetrafluoroethylene heptamer in the liquid cooling agent provided by the embodiment of the application can be obtained by commercial paths, and can also be obtained by oligomerization of tetrafluoroethylene under the conditions of fluoride salt and a phase transfer catalyst.
The embodiment of the application also provides application of the liquid coolant in an immersed single-phase liquid cooling system.
The embodiment of the application also provides a liquid cooling method, which comprises the steps of immersing the main body to be cooled in the immersed single-phase liquid coolant partially or completely, and then carrying out heat exchange between the immersed single-phase liquid coolant and other heat exchange devices.
In some preferred embodiments of the present application, the body to be cooled is an electronic device. The electronic device may include a computer server; data centers, particularly those operating at frequencies greater than 3GHz, may also be included. The data center may include, among other things, centrally managed computing resources and associated equipment or portions of the support system, as well as modular components that provide the data center along with other modules. The electronic device may further comprise one or more of a microprocessor, a semiconductor wafer for manufacturing semiconductor devices, a power control semiconductor, an electrochemical cell, a distribution switch gear, a power transformer, a circuit board, a multi-chip module, a packaged or unpackaged semiconductor device, a fuel cell, or a laser.
The embodiment of the application also provides an immersed single-phase liquid cooling system containing the immersed single-phase liquid cooling agent, in particular to an immersed single-phase liquid cooling system for IT equipment.
In order to better understand the above technical solutions, the following detailed description will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but not limiting the present application.
Examples
The components in the composition ratio shown in table 1 were physically mixed in a liquid phase state to prepare tetrafluoroethylene oligomer liquid-cooling agents, and physical and chemical properties of the liquid-cooling agents were tested to obtain test results shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 component proportions (parts by weight) of tetrafluoroethylene oligomer liquid-cooling agent
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | |
| Tetrafluoroethylene tetramer | 25 | 10 | 30 | 10 |
| Tetrafluoroethylene pentamer | 60 | 70 | 66 | 85 |
| Tetrafluoroethylene hexamer | 5 | 10 | 2 | 3 |
| Tetrafluoroethylene heptamer | 10 | 10 | 2 | 5 |
TABLE 2 physical Properties parameters of tetrafluoroethylene oligomer liquid refrigerant
As shown in the table above, the liquid coolant provided by the embodiment of the application has the advantages of no toxicity, incombustibility, higher boiling point, no need of boiling during working, low noise and wide optional range of working temperature, and can be used as a single-phase liquid coolant. Compared with the FC-40 and Novec series fluorinated liquids, the liquid coolant provided by the embodiment of the application has higher specific heat capacity, and the heat conductivity coefficient is more than 4-5 times of that of the FC-40 and Novec series. On one hand, the heat capacity is large, more heat can be absorbed, so that the consumption of liquid cooling agent can be reduced, and the volume of a liquid cooling system is reduced; on the other hand, the high specific heat capacity and the high heat conductivity coefficient indicate that the heat-conducting material has higher heat-conducting efficiency, so that the heat-radiating material has better heat-radiating effect and can reduce energy consumption.
Compatibility test:
the compatibility detection is carried out on the liquid coolant provided by the embodiment of the application and the electronic device, the detection sample of the adopted electronic device is shown in the table 3, and the adopted detection method is as follows:
weighing 5g of material sample in a 50mL beaker, adding 50g of liquid cooling agent, placing in an oven at 80 ℃ for soaking for 96 hours, taking out the material sample, collecting the liquid cooling agent, cleaning the sample with unused liquid cooling agent, then sucking the rest liquid cooling agent on the sample with filter paper, standing for 30 minutes at room temperature, carrying out weight, volume and hardness changes, and observing the appearance of the sample and the liquid cooling agent before and after soaking respectively.
Weight change: the mass in air before and after immersing the sample was measured as specified in GB/T1690, and the mass change percentage (. DELTA.W) was calculated:
wherein: Δw—percent change in weight of material sample,%;
W 1 -weight of material sample in air before soaking, g;
W 3 -weight of material sample in air after soaking, g.
Volume change: the mass in air and distilled water before and after soaking of the sample were measured, respectively, as specified in GB/T1690, and the percent change in volume (. DELTA.V) was calculated:
wherein: deltaV-percent sample volume change,%;
W 1 -weight of sample in air before soaking, g;
W 2 -weight of sample in water before soaking, g;
W 3 -weight of the sample in air after soaking, g;
W 4 -weight of the sample in water after soaking, g;
TABLE 3 compatibility test results of liquid refrigerant and electronic devices
As can be seen from the detection data of the table, after the electronic device sample is soaked in the liquid cooling agent provided by the embodiment of the application, the volume and the mass change are very small, and as can be seen from the physical diagrams (fig. 2-5 and fig. 7-10) before and after soaking, the liquid cooling agent is still in a clear state, and the electronic device is not subjected to swelling corrosion, so that the compatibility between the liquid cooling agent provided by the embodiment of the application and the electronic device material is better.
Heat exchange performance test
The computer host is placed in the liquid cooling device, the liquid cooling agent provided by the embodiment of the application is filled in the liquid cooling device, so that the computer host is completely immersed in the liquid cooling agent, and the computer host is externally connected with the display. The liquid cooling device is connected with a pump, when the pump operates, the liquid cooling agent circulates through the pump and exchanges heat with a heat exchanger outside the liquid cooling device, under the condition that the CPU operates at full load, the computer is enabled to operate stably for 48 hours, the temperature of the CPU is detected through a CPU-Z program, and the liquid cooling agent temperature is displayed by the machine body and a digital display thermometer.
By contrast, the computer host only uses a common fan to exchange heat for the CPU, runs for 48 hours under the condition of full-load running of the CPU, and detects the temperature of the CPU through a CPU-Z program.
The test data are shown in the following table 4, and it can be seen from the table that the cooling effect of the CPU is far higher than that of the conventional fan heat exchange by using the liquid coolant provided by the embodiment of the present application as the cooling medium.
TABLE 4 computer host CPU temperature test data
Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application and not for limiting the same, and although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present application, which is intended to be covered by the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (5)
1. An immersed single-phase liquid refrigerant is characterized in that,
the liquid cooling agent consists of the following components in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of tetrafluoroethylene tetramer, 60-85 parts of tetrafluoroethylene pentamer, 2-10 parts of tetrafluoroethylene hexamer and 2-10 parts of tetrafluoroethylene heptamer.
2. The use of the liquid coolant of claim 1 in an immersed single-phase liquid cooling system.
3. A liquid cooling method comprising immersing a part or all of a body to be cooled in the immersed single-phase liquid coolant according to claim 1, and then heat exchanging the immersed single-phase liquid coolant with another heat exchanging device.
4. A liquid cooling method according to claim 3, wherein the body to be cooled is an electronic device.
5. An immersed single-phase liquid cooling system comprising the immersed single-phase liquid coolant according to claim 1.
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