CN114228064B - Point pouring gate machining method, point pouring gate machining equipment and mold with point pouring gate - Google Patents
Point pouring gate machining method, point pouring gate machining equipment and mold with point pouring gate Download PDFInfo
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- CN114228064B CN114228064B CN202210154565.XA CN202210154565A CN114228064B CN 114228064 B CN114228064 B CN 114228064B CN 202210154565 A CN202210154565 A CN 202210154565A CN 114228064 B CN114228064 B CN 114228064B
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C45/26—Moulds
- B29C45/27—Sprue channels ; Runner channels or runner nozzles
- B29C45/2701—Details not specific to hot or cold runner channels
- B29C45/2708—Gates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/38—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor characterised by the material or the manufacturing process
- B29C33/3842—Manufacturing moulds, e.g. shaping the mould surface by machining
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C45/26—Moulds
- B29C45/27—Sprue channels ; Runner channels or runner nozzles
- B29C45/278—Nozzle tips
Abstract
A point gate processing method, point gate processing equipment and a mold with the point gate are provided, wherein the point gate processing method comprises the following steps: s1: designing a spot gate, wherein the spot gate is divided into a first molding part and a second molding part, and the first molding part is closer to the upper end of the spot gate than the second molding part; s2: machining the first molding part using a drill to form a rough hole in the first molding part, the rough hole penetrating the first molding part from an upper end of the spot gate; s3: molding the first molding part by using CNC (computer numerical control) by taking the rough hole as a center so as to enable the first molding part to be adapted to the shape of the design of the point gate; s4: and processing the second forming part by using an electrode to form the point pouring opening. The point gate processing method can shorten the processing period and improve the quality of the gate after molding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mold processing, in particular to a point gate processing method, point gate processing equipment and a mold with a point gate.
Background
The point gate is a gate with small size and section area, and the material has high shearing rate when passing through, which is beneficial to reducing the apparent viscosity of the pseudoplastic melt. The gate point is widely used in a mold because it is easy to automatically cut off a gate when the mold is opened and a gate mark remaining on a product is small.
When a point gate is manufactured on a mold, the prior art generally adopts an electric spark machining forming mode, but the mode has a longer machining period and seriously influences the workshop production, the mold delivery time, the part quality and the mold cost. Particularly, in the aspect of part quality, the phenomenon that the blind hole is not smooth in machining and chip removal, so that carbon deposition at the sharp point of a pouring gate is serious, and the pouring gate of a plastic part cannot be separated can occur.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a point gate processing method, point gate processing equipment and a mold with the point gate.
The invention provides a point gate processing method, which comprises the following steps:
s1: designing a spot gate, and dividing the spot gate into a first molding part and a second molding part, wherein the first molding part is closer to the upper end of the spot gate than the second molding part, the first molding part is a straight part of a side wall on a section along the length direction of the spot gate, and the second molding part is an arc-shaped part of the side wall on the section along the length direction of the spot gate;
s2: machining the first molding part by using a drill to form a rough hole on the first molding part, wherein the rough hole penetrates through the first molding part from the upper end of the point gate along the length direction of the point gate;
s3: molding the first molding part by using CNC (computer numerical control) by taking the rough hole as a center so as to enable the first molding part to be adapted to the shape of the design of the point gate; when machining is carried out, dividing the first forming part into a plurality of machining sections along the length direction of the point gate, and carrying out sectional machining on each machining section through the CNC; when each processing section is processed and formed, a processing allowance is reserved on the inner side wall of the point gate; after all the processing sections are processed, the method further comprises the step of carrying out finish machining for removing allowance on the first forming part;
s4: and processing the second forming part by using an electrode to form the point pouring opening.
Further, in the step S2, the processing of the open hole may be performed by an electric spark drill, and the diameter of the open hole is 0.8 to 1.2 mm.
Further, the length of the divided processing segment is shorter as the second molding portion is closer to the longitudinal direction of the spot gate.
Further, in the step S3, the machining stages are machined by ball cutters, and the size of the ball cutters used decreases as the machining stages approach the second forming portion.
Further, when the machining of the last section of the machining section is carried out, the method further comprises the steps of machining the machining section in a full-edge machining mode, and machining the machining section in an equal-height cutting mode.
Further, after each processing section is processed and formed, the method further comprises the step of cleaning foreign matters in the point pouring gate through an air gun.
The invention also provides a point gate processing device for processing the point gate, which comprises a ball cutter for processing the first forming part, and an electrode for processing the second forming part, wherein the ball cutter comprises a first base, a first connecting rod part and a cutter head, the cutter head is connected with the first base through the first connecting rod part, the length of the first connecting rod part is adapted to the depth of each processing section, the cutter head comprises a base part, the base part is connected with the first connecting rod part, cutting edges are arranged on the base part at intervals along the circumferential direction, cutting grooves are formed among the cutting edges, the electrode comprises a second base, a second connecting rod part and an electrode body, the electrode body is electrically connected with the second base through the second connecting rod part, the depth of the second connecting rod part is matched with that of the first forming part, and the shape of the electrode body is matched with that of the second forming part.
Further, a rear edge inclined groove is formed between the cutting edge and the first connecting rod portion, so that the diameter of the base body portion is reduced and then increased from the position of the cutting edge to the position of the first connecting rod portion, and the row cutting groove is communicated with the rear edge inclined groove.
The invention also provides a mould which comprises the point gate, and the point gate is manufactured by the point gate processing method.
In summary, in the present invention, the gate is obtained by forming the rough hole, then forming the first forming portion by CNC with the rough hole as the center, and finally processing the second forming portion by the electrode. In the method, because the first molding part is molded through CNC, and the electrode processing process which takes longer time is only carried out on the second molding part, the time for molding the spot gate can be greatly reduced, meanwhile, the consumable parts of the electrode are reduced, and the cost for molding the spot gate is reduced. Further, through the setting of opening the coarse hole, the CNC of being convenient for on the one hand is handled first shaping portion, and on the other hand also can carry out interim holding to the foreign matter that produces at the in-process of segmentation processing, improves CNC's shaping efficiency. Further, by arranging the first forming portion to be processed in a segmented manner, on one hand, wear of the ball cutter can be reduced, and on the other hand, processing of the first forming portion can be more accurate; further, the allowance is reserved when each processing section is processed, and then finish processing except the allowance is carried out uniformly, so that the smoothness of the inner side wall of the first forming part can be ensured, and unevenness between the processing sections can be prevented.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention may be implemented in accordance with the content of the description, and in order to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following preferred embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first forming portion and a second forming portion divided in the spot gate processing method provided by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the spot gate processing method according to the present invention after forming a rough hole in the first forming portion.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the spot gate processing method according to the present invention after the first forming portion is processed in the first processing stage.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the spot gate processing method according to the present invention after the second processing stage processing is performed on the first forming portion.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the spot gate processing method according to the present invention after the third processing stage processing is performed on the first forming portion.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the spot gate processing method according to the present invention after the second forming portion is processed.
Fig. 7 is a schematic side view of the ball blade according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion a in fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is a schematic axial side structure view of the tool bit portion of the ball cutter provided by the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode provided by the present invention.
Marking the drawing files: 10. the point gate electrode comprises a point gate 11, a first forming part, a 111-hole, 12, a second forming part, 20, a ball cutter, 21, a first base, 22, a first connecting rod part, 23, a cutter head, 232, a cutting edge, 233, a row of cutting grooves, 234, a back-edge inclined groove, 30, an electrode, 31, a second base, 32, a second connecting rod part and 33, and an electrode body.
Detailed Description
To further explain the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined objects, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
The invention provides a point gate processing method, point gate processing equipment and a mold with the point gate.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first forming portion and a second forming portion divided in a spot gate processing method provided by the present invention, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first forming portion after a rough hole is formed in the first forming portion in the spot gate processing method provided by the present invention, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the first forming portion after a first processing section is processed in the spot gate processing method provided by the present invention, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the first forming portion after a second processing section is processed in the spot gate processing method provided by the present invention, fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the first forming portion after a third processing section is processed in the spot gate processing method provided by the present invention, and fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the second forming portion after a second processing section is processed in the spot gate processing method provided by the present invention. The dotted line in fig. 1 to 5 represents the shape of the after-final-molding dot gate. As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the method for processing the spot gate 10 provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1: designing the shape of the gate 10, dividing the gate 10 into a first molding portion 11 and a second molding portion 12, wherein the first molding portion 11 is closer to the upper end of the gate 10 than the second molding portion 12 (see fig. 1);
in the present embodiment, the shape of the gate 10 in the mold may be designed as required, as shown in fig. 1, the gate 10 gradually decreases in width along the cross section of the gate 10 from the upper end (i.e., the end away from the cavity in the mold, such as the upper portion in fig. 1) to the lower end (i.e., the end connected to the cavity, such as the lower portion in fig. 1), and depending on the shape, the first forming portion 11 may be a straight portion (such as the section a in fig. 1) of the sidewall along the cross section of the gate 10 in the length direction, and the second forming portion 12 may be an arc portion (such as the section B in fig. 1) of the sidewall along the cross section of the gate 10 in the length direction. That is, the second molding part 12 is tangent to the first molding part 11 at a contact with the first molding part 11.
S2: machining the first forming portion 11 by using a drill to form an open-coarse hole 111 in the first forming portion 11, wherein the open-coarse hole 111 penetrates through the first forming portion 11 from the top end of the spot-pouring gate 10 along the length direction of the spot-pouring gate 10 (see fig. 2);
in this embodiment, the drill may be an electric spark drill, and the axis of the opening 111 coincides with the axis of the spot gate 10. The diameter of the open-pored 111 is 0.8-1.2 mm.
S3: forming the first forming portion 11 using a CNC (Computer numerical control machine tools) with the rough hole 111 as a center so that the first forming portion 11 conforms to the designed shape of the spot gate 10 (see fig. 3 to 5); in the molding of the first molding portion 11, the first molding portion 11 is divided into a plurality of processing stages in the longitudinal direction of the spot gate 10, as shown in fig. 2 to 5, which are divided into three processing stages, and in other embodiments, the processing stages may be set as needed, such as five, six, etc. It will be appreciated that the longer the first profile 11, the more stages it divides. Preferably, the closer to the second forming portion 12 of the spot gate 10, the shorter the length of the machining section. And carrying out sectional machining on each machining section through CNC sectional machining. In the molding process of each processing stage, a processing margin needs to be left on the inner side wall of the gate 10. After the segment processing is completed, the first molded portion 11 is subjected to finish processing to remove a margin.
During processing, each processing section can be processed in a segmented mode through the ball cutter, and after each processing section is processed, the next processing section is processed. The closer the machining section is to the second forming section 12, the smaller the size of the ball cutter used. As in the first processing stage shown in fig. 3, treatment may be performed with an R2.0 ball cutter; in the second processing stage shown in FIG. 4, the processing may be performed with an R1.5 ball cutter; the third processing stage shown in fig. 5 may be treated with an R1.0 ball cutter. During the final forming process of the forming section, the processing can be divided into two steps, namely full-edge processing and equal-height cutting processing.
Further, the feeding amount thereof can be controlled as required during the molding process. After each machining section is formed, the inside of the pin gate 10 needs to be cleaned to remove foreign matters, such as iron chips, in the pin gate 10. Specifically, the blow processing may be performed in the dot gate 10 by a wind gun.
S4: the second molding portion 12 is processed using an electrode to mold the gate 10.
When the electrode is used to process the second forming portion 12, it is necessary to clean the foreign matter in the first forming portion 11 to prevent the iron pieces from affecting the discharge of the electrode.
When the second molded portion 12 is machined, since the first molded portion 11 of the gate 10 is molded, there is no need to consider the influence of the first molded portion 11 on the electrode, and the electrode is not required to be processed on the first molded portion 11, and the electrode is designed only by considering the shape of the second molded portion 12 so that the electrode does not interfere with the shape of the second molded portion 12 after molding.
In the present invention, the pin gate 10 is obtained by molding the rough hole 111, then performing CNC molding on the first molding part 11 with the rough hole 111 as the center, and finally processing the second molding part 12 by the electrode. In this method, since the first molding portion 11 is formed by CNC molding, the electrode processing process which takes a long time is performed only in the second molding portion 12, so that the time taken for forming the gate 10 can be greatly reduced, and the consumable parts of the electrodes can be reduced, thereby reducing the cost for forming the gate 10. Further, since the electrode only needs to process the second forming part 12, the electrode processing length is short, which avoids the phenomenon of unsmooth chip receiving and discharging and improves the quality of the spot casting mouth 10. Further, through the arrangement of the rough hole 111, the CNC processing of the first forming portion 11 can be facilitated on the one hand, and on the other hand, the generated foreign matters can be temporarily accommodated in the process of the sectional processing, so that the forming efficiency of the CNC is improved. Further, by providing the first forming portion 11 as a segmented process, it is possible to reduce wear of the ball cutter on the one hand, and also to make the process of the first forming portion 11 more accurate on the other hand; further, by leaving a margin in processing each processing stage and then performing finish processing with the margin removed in a unified manner, smoothness of the inner sidewall of the first forming portion 11 can be ensured, and unevenness between the processing stages can be prevented.
Fig. 7 is a side view structural diagram of the ball cutter provided by the present invention, fig. 8 is an enlarged structural diagram at a in fig. 7, fig. 9 is an axial side structural diagram of a cutter head portion of the ball cutter provided by the present invention, and fig. 10 is a structural diagram of an electrode provided by the present invention. As shown in fig. 7 to 10, the present invention also provides a spot runner processing apparatus including a ball cutter 20 that processes the first molding portion 11, and an electrode 30 that processes the second molding portion 12. The ball cutter 20 includes a first base 21, a first link 22, and a cutter head 23, the cutter head 23 is connected to the first base 21 through the first link 22, the length of the first link 22 is adapted to the depth of each machining section, the cutter head 23 includes a base portion (not shown) connected to the first link 22, cutting edges 232 are circumferentially spaced on the base portion, and a cutting groove 233 is formed between the two cutting edges 232. The electrode 30 includes a second base 31, a second connecting rod 32 and an electrode body 33, the electrode body 33 is electrically connected to the second base 31 through the second connecting rod 32, the depth of the second connecting rod 32 is adapted to the depth of the first forming portion 11, and the shape of the electrode body 33 is adapted to the shape of the second forming portion 12.
When the ball cutter 20 is used for cutting, the ball cutter can be connected with a machine tool through the first base 21, the cutter head 23 is formed on the first connecting rod part 22, the ball cutter 20 can extend into the narrow gate through the arrangement of the first connecting rod part 22, and the cutting foreign matter can be discharged through the arrangement of the cutting edge 232 and the cutting discharge groove 233. Further, since the first molding portion 11 of the spot gate has been machined by CNC, the passing electrode body 33 can be provided to conform only to the shape of the second molding portion 12. This can reduce the manufacturing cost of the electrode 30, and the electrode body 33 is electrically connected to the second base 31 through the second connecting rod portion 32, and the second connecting rod portion 32 only plays a role in transferring current, and the spot gate is not machined. The second link portion 32 may be made of a conductive metal material to complete the current transmission, or a conductive wire may be embedded in the second link portion 32 to complete the current transmission.
Further, a back-cutting inclined groove 234 is formed between the cutting edge 232 and the first link portion 22, so that the diameter of the base portion is first reduced and then increased from the position of the cutting edge 232 to the position of the first link portion 22, and the row cutting groove 233 communicates with the back-cutting inclined groove 234. The provision of the rear-edge inclined groove 234 can further facilitate discharge of cutting foreign matter.
Further, the first connecting rod portion 22 is formed with a taper to conform to the shape of the first molding portion 11. Also, since it is no longer necessary to provide the electrode 30 with a portion corresponding to the first molded portion 11, the second link portion 32 may be provided with a taper to avoid the first molded portion 11.
The invention also provides a mold which comprises the point pouring gate, and the point pouring gate is manufactured by the point pouring gate machining method. For other technical features of the mold, please refer to the prior art, which is not described herein.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A point gate processing method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: designing a spot gate, and dividing the spot gate into a first molding part and a second molding part, wherein the first molding part is closer to the upper end of the spot gate than the second molding part, the first molding part is a straight part of a side wall on a section along the length direction of the spot gate, and the second molding part is an arc-shaped part of the side wall on the section along the length direction of the spot gate;
s2: machining the first molding part by using a drilling machine to form a rough hole on the first molding part, wherein the rough hole penetrates through the first molding part from the upper end of the point gate along the length direction of the point gate;
s3: molding the first molding part by using CNC (computer numerical control) by taking the rough hole as a center so as to enable the first molding part to be adapted to the shape of the design of the point gate; when machining is carried out, dividing the first forming part into a plurality of machining sections along the length direction of the point gate, and carrying out sectional machining on each machining section through the CNC; when each processing section is processed and formed, a processing allowance is reserved on the inner side wall of the point gate; after all the processing sections are processed, the method further comprises the step of performing finish machining on the first forming part for removing allowance;
s4: and processing the second forming part by using an electrode to form the point pouring opening.
2. The spot runner processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S2, the rough hole is processed by an electric spark drill, and the diameter of the rough hole is 0.8-1.2 mm.
3. The spot runner processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the length of the divided processing segment is shorter as the second molding section is closer to the longitudinal direction of the spot gate.
4. The spot runner processing method according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step S3, the machining stages are machined by ball cutters, and the size of the ball cutters used decreases as the machining stages approach the second forming section.
5. The spot runner processing method according to claim 3, characterized in that: when the machining of the last section of the machining section is carried out, the method further comprises the steps of machining the machining section in a full-edge machining mode, and then machining the machining section in an equal-height cutting mode.
6. The spot runner processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: after each processing section is processed and formed, the method further comprises the step of cleaning foreign matters in the point pouring gate through an air gun.
7. The utility model provides a point gate processing equipment which characterized in that: the spot gate machining method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the apparatus includes a ball cutter for machining a first molding portion, and an electrode for machining a second molding portion, the ball cutter includes a first base, a first link portion, and a cutter head, the cutter head is connected to the first base through the first link portion, the first link portion has a length corresponding to a depth of each machining section, the cutter head includes a base portion connected to the first link portion, the base portion is provided with cutting edges at intervals in a circumferential direction, cutting grooves are formed between the cutting edges, the electrode includes a second base, a second link portion, and an electrode body, the electrode body is electrically connected to the second base through the second link portion, and the second link portion has a depth corresponding to the depth of the first molding portion, the shape of the electrode body is adapted to the shape of the second molded part.
8. The spot tapping processing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein: a rear-edge inclined groove is formed between the cutting edge and the first connecting rod part, so that the diameter of the base body part is reduced and then increased from the position of the cutting edge to the position of the first connecting rod part, and the row cutting grooves are communicated with the rear-edge inclined groove.
9. A mold, comprising: comprising a spot gate produced by the spot gate machining method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210154565.XA CN114228064B (en) | 2022-02-21 | 2022-02-21 | Point pouring gate machining method, point pouring gate machining equipment and mold with point pouring gate |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210154565.XA CN114228064B (en) | 2022-02-21 | 2022-02-21 | Point pouring gate machining method, point pouring gate machining equipment and mold with point pouring gate |
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| CN114228064A CN114228064A (en) | 2022-03-25 |
| CN114228064B true CN114228064B (en) | 2022-05-06 |
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