CN114226908A - Welding method for dissimilar stellite trace alloy elements - Google Patents
Welding method for dissimilar stellite trace alloy elements Download PDFInfo
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- CN114226908A CN114226908A CN202111521339.2A CN202111521339A CN114226908A CN 114226908 A CN114226908 A CN 114226908A CN 202111521339 A CN202111521339 A CN 202111521339A CN 114226908 A CN114226908 A CN 114226908A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K5/00—Gas flame welding
- B23K5/18—Gas flame welding for purposes other than joining parts, e.g. built-up welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3046—Co as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K5/00—Gas flame welding
- B23K5/213—Preliminary treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
- B23K2103/05—Stainless steel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for welding dissimilar stellite trace alloy elements, belongs to the field of welding, aims to solve the technical difficulties that the dilution rate, the quality stability, the service life and the like of stainless steel are easy to appear in the surfacing process, and adopts mediationThe flame proportioning and pressure method makes the input and outflow of elements in a high-quality range in the welding process to reduce the hardening degree of welding seams and heat-affected zones, improve the wear-resisting, corrosion-resisting and crack-resisting properties of the welding seams, inhibit the generation of harmful components and prevent the products from generating M23C6And the eutectic with low melting point causes crystal boundary cracking, and simultaneously can ensure that the surfacing layer has higher strength, so that the product can meet and improve the long-term service performance under high temperature, high pressure and complex working conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of welding, and particularly relates to a method for welding dissimilar stellite trace alloy elements.
Background
At present, when the economy of China enters the key period of conversion of new and old kinetic energies, the wide application of new technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data and the like urges a large number of new industries, and technological innovation also makes a series of major breakthroughs, but the core offensive and innovative work of China still has the problems of insufficient original innovation capability, unsmooth technological achievement conversion mechanism and the like, so that the technology has a great gap with many high-tech developed countries, and the competition situation of the Chinese and American technologies tells us that the technology of the 'neck card' depends on the source of the transformation and cannot be bought, and only one way of self-help regeneration and independent innovation is provided. With the development of science and technology and the mature technology of product manufacturing in industry, each conventional product in industry has completed autonomous design, production and manufacturing process, has completed mastering each performance optimization index and method, and the key core product is still in the purchasing stage, and the technology is completely mastered in foreign individual companies. The ultra-low carbon stainless steel material has excellent performances of plasticity, weldability, corrosion resistance, no magnetism or weak magnetism, toughness, high-temperature strength, creep deformation, durability and the like, and can reliably adapt to harsh working condition environments. Thus, the manufacture of the core technology product from ultra low carbon stainless steel can provide the product with its performance and life cycle. Stellite is a hard metal which is resistant to various types of wear and corrosion and high temperature oxidation, known as cobalt alloy. The stellite alloy has higher dimensional stability, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, and is usually used as a surfacing layer for improving the wear resistance, corrosion resistance and other properties of products. At present, when stellite is adopted as a welding wire for surfacing, a manual argon tungsten-arc welding mode is basically adopted, the successful application of the method can only be used for non-key core products with conventional use requirements, but key core products with corrosion resistance, wear resistance and quite long service performance requirements can not meet the performance requirements, and in the welding process, the effect can be achieved only by carrying out trace control on alloy elements. In the process of implementing the invention, the wear-resistant layer surfacing welding is carried out on the basis of the characteristics of the existing material, and the following technical difficulties exist: (1) how to control the dilution rate of a surfacing layer in a small surfacing size of stainless steel so as to control setolit microelements to meet the requirements of chemical components. (2) In the welding of dissimilar materials, the quality stability of a material overlaying layer is ensured due to the difference of material properties. (3) The stellite alloy has high hardness, is a further carburization process when welding by oxyacetylene gas welding, has the hardness of the material in direct proportion to the brittleness, and ensures the service life of the stellite surfacing layer by controlling the content of trace C elements in the surfacing layer. The problems mentioned above are the technical difficulties to be overcome in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for welding dissimilar stellite trace alloy elements, which aims to solve the technical difficulty easily appearing in the surfacing process aiming at the characteristics of the use environment and high performance requirement of the key stainless steel core product and provide the method for welding the dissimilar stellite trace alloy elements, which effectively overcomes the technical difficulty, and has high reliability and good stability.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
(1) performing chemical component analysis on the processed workpiece to ensure that the processed workpiece meets the standard requirement of the ultra-low carbon stainless steel 304L, wherein the base metal of the workpiece is the ultra-low carbon stainless steel 304L;
(2) determining the part to be welded of the workpiece according to the specific use area of the finished product;
(3) performing nondestructive inspection on the determined part to be welded according to requirements, ensuring that the part to be welded is free of defects, and putting the workpiece qualified by the nondestructive inspection into a special containing tool made of the same material as the base metal;
(4) preheating a workpiece equipped with a special containing tool in a heat treatment furnace at 200-400 ℃ for 1-3 h, and ensuring that the part to be welded is uniformly heated until the preheating temperature of the whole workpiece reaches 200-400 ℃;
(5) surfacing a workpiece by using oxyacetylene gas welding, and welding a part to be welded in a flat welding position surfacing mode to form a surfacing layer at a welding seam of the workpiece by using a welding wire, wherein the temperature of the workpiece is ensured to be 700-950 ℃ during surfacing;
(6) after the first layer of overlaying welding is carried out on the workpiece in the step (5), when the temperature of the workpiece is naturally reduced to 500-700 ℃, the first layer of welding line is polished until the metallic luster is exposed;
(7) the polished workpiece is assembled by a special containing tool and then placed into a heat treatment furnace for secondary preheating, the preheating temperature is 200-400 ℃, the heat preservation time is 0.5-1 h, and the part to be welded is ensured to be uniformly heated until the preheating temperature of the whole workpiece reaches 200-400 ℃;
(8) continuously performing primary layer surfacing on the workpiece which is preheated again, then naturally cooling the temperature of the workpiece to 500-700 ℃, performing primary layer weld joint polishing again until the metallic luster is exposed, performing oxyacetylene gas welding on surfacing, and performing welding treatment on a to-be-welded part in a flat welding position surfacing mode to enable a welding wire to form a surfacing layer at the weld joint of the workpiece until the whole surfacing part is completely welded, wherein the temperature of the workpiece is 700-950 ℃ during surfacing, and the welding wire is stellite;
(9) and after welding, carrying out heat treatment on the welded workpiece, wherein the charging temperature of the heat treatment is 200-300 ℃, keeping the temperature for 1-3 h after charging, and then slowly cooling to room temperature along with the furnace.
The base material in the step (1) is ultra-low carbon stainless steel 304L, and the base material comprises, by mass, not more than 0.03% of carbon, 18.0-20.0% of chromium, not more than 1.0% of silicon, not more than 2.0% of manganese, 9.0-12.0% of nickel, not more than 0.03% of sulfur, not more than 0.045% of phosphorus, and the balance iron.
Wherein, the oxygen pressure of the oxyacetylene gas welding in the step (5) and the step (8) is 0.4-1.2 Mpa, and the acetylene pressure is 0.03-0.15 Mpa; the welding wire in the step (5) and the step (8) is stellite, and comprises the chemical components of, by mass, 0.9-1.4% of carbon, 26.0-32.0% of chromium, 3.0-6.0% of tungsten, less than or equal to 2.0% of silicon, less than or equal to 1.0% of manganese, less than or equal to 3.0% of iron, less than or equal to 3.0% of nickel, and the balance of cobalt.
Wherein, when oxygen acetylene gas welding surfacing is adopted in the step (5) and the step (8), the purity of oxygen is 99.999 percent, and the purity of acetylene is 99.85 percent.
Wherein, when oxygen acetylene gas welding build-up welding is adopted in the step (5) and the step (8), a multilayer and multi-pass welding mode is adopted.
Wherein, the swing track of the welding gun for oxyacetylene gas welding in the step (5) and the step (8) is a clockwise spiral curve.
Wherein the interlayer temperature of the overlaying layers in the step (5) and the step (8) is 700-950 ℃, the overlapping amount of the welding seam of the next overlaying layer is 1/3-1/2 of the width of the welding seam of the previous overlaying layer, and the height of the welding seam of each overlaying layer is 1.0-3.0 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a welding method of dissimilar stellite trace alloy elements, which adopts a method of adjusting flame ratio and pressure to ensure that the input and the outflow of the elements are in a high-quality range in the welding process, reduces the hardening degree of a welding line and a heat affected zone, prevents a product from generating eutectic with low melting point, and improves the wear resistance, the corrosion resistance and the crack resistance of the welding line. The temperature control measures in the process can make the whole temperature field of the surfacing welding workpiece uniform, reduce the temperature difference between a welding area and the workpiece to a greater extent, and reduce the stress caused by unevenness in the process to cause the shedding and stripping of the surfacing welding layer. In addition, by controlling the temperature rise and fall process, the obtained welding seam structure is more uniform, so that the surfacing layer has considerable hardness and strength, and the surfacing layer is prevented from generating eutectic with low melting point and cracks. The temperature control measures and welding operation techniques in the process depend on the assistance of a welding tool, the oxyacetylene gas welding is carried out on the ultralow-carbon stainless steel and the stellite made of different materials to form a surfacing welding wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant layer with stable weld quality and controllable quality, and the formed wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant layer can be effectively applied to key products, so that the products can meet and improve the long-term service performance under high-temperature, high-pressure and complex working conditions.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The welding method of the dissimilar stellite trace alloy elements specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) performing chemical component analysis on a machined workpiece by using a component analysis instrument to meet the standard requirement of the ultra-low carbon stainless steel 304L, wherein the base material of the workpiece is the ultra-low carbon stainless steel 304L, and the base material comprises the following chemical components of, by mass, not more than 0.03% of carbon, 18.0-20.0% of chromium, not more than 1.0% of silicon, not more than 2.0% of manganese, 9.0-12.0% of nickel, not more than 0.03% of sulfur, not more than 0.045% of phosphorus, and the balance of iron;
(2) determining the part to be welded of the workpiece according to the specific use area of the finished product, wherein the size and the structure of the product meet the design and use requirements;
(3) performing nondestructive inspection on the determined part to be welded according to a standard, ensuring that the part to be welded is free of defects, and putting the workpiece qualified by the nondestructive inspection into a special containing tool made of the same material as the base metal;
(4) preheating a workpiece equipped with a special containing tool in a heat treatment furnace at 220 ℃ for 1h until the preheating temperature of the whole workpiece reaches 220 ℃;
(5) surfacing a workpiece by using oxyacetylene gas welding, performing welding treatment on a part to be welded in a flat welding position surfacing mode to enable a welding wire to form a surfacing layer at a welding seam of the workpiece, ensuring that the whole workpiece is 700-800 ℃ during surfacing, monitoring the temperature by using a thermodetector, and ensuring that the temperature of the workpiece is within the range of 700-800 ℃ by using a temperature supplementing or reducing measure when the temperature is less than 700 ℃ or more than 800 ℃, wherein the welding wire is a stellite alloy, and the welding wire comprises, by mass, 0.9-1.4% of carbon, 26.0-32.0% of chromium, 3.0-6.0% of tungsten, less than or equal to 2.0% of silicon, less than or equal to 1.0% of manganese, less than or equal to 3.0% of iron, less than or equal to 3.0% of nickel and the balance cobalt; oxygen pressure of oxyacetylene gas welding is 0.4Mpa, acetylene pressure is 0.06 Mpa; when the oxyacetylene gas welding surfacing is carried out, the oxygen purity is 99.999%, the acetylene purity is 99.85%, the oxyacetylene gas welding adopts a multi-layer and multi-channel welding mode, the swing track of a welding gun is a clockwise spiral curve, the interlayer temperature of a surfacing layer is 700-800 ℃, the lap joint quantity of a subsequent surfacing layer is 1/3-1/2 of the width of a welding line of a previous surfacing layer, and the height of the welding line of each surfacing layer is 1.0-3.0 mm;
(6) after the first layer of overlaying welding is carried out, when the temperature of a workpiece is naturally reduced to 500-600 ℃, the first layer of welding line is polished until the metallic luster is exposed, and a special alloy grinding head is adopted during repair, so that no pollution among different materials is ensured;
(7) the polished workpiece is prepared by a special containing tool and is put into a heat treatment furnace for secondary preheating, the preheating temperature is 260 ℃, the heat preservation time is 0.5h, the part to be welded is ensured to be uniformly heated until the preheating temperature of the whole workpiece reaches 260 ℃;
(8) continuously carrying out first-layer surfacing on the preheated workpiece again, then naturally cooling the temperature of the workpiece to 500-600 ℃, carrying out first-layer weld joint polishing again until the metallic luster is exposed, carrying out welding treatment on the part to be welded in a flat welding position surfacing mode by adopting oxyacetylene gas welding for surfacing, enabling the welding wire to form a surfacing layer at the weld joint of the workpiece, and ensuring that the temperature of the workpiece is 700-800 ℃ during surfacing until the whole surfacing part is completely welded, wherein the welding wire is stellite, and the welding wire comprises 0.9-1.4% of carbon, 26.0-32.0% of chromium, 3.0-6.0% of tungsten, less than or equal to 2.0% of silicon, less than or equal to 1.0% of manganese, less than or equal to 3.0% of iron, less than or equal to 3.0% of nickel and the balance of cobalt by mass percent; oxygen pressure of oxyacetylene gas welding is 0.4Mpa, acetylene pressure is 0.06 Mpa; when the oxyacetylene gas welding surfacing is carried out, the oxygen purity is 99.999%, the acetylene purity is 99.85%, the oxyacetylene gas welding adopts a multi-layer and multi-channel welding mode, the swing track of a welding gun is a clockwise spiral curve, the interlayer temperature of a surfacing layer is 700-800 ℃, the lap joint quantity of a subsequent surfacing layer is 1/3-1/2 of the width of a welding line of a previous surfacing layer, and the height of the welding line of each surfacing layer is 1.0-3.0 mm;
(9) and after welding, immediately putting the welded workpiece into a heat treatment furnace for heat treatment, wherein the charging temperature of the heat treatment is 280 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3 hours after charging, and then slowly cooling to room temperature along with the furnace.
Example 2
The welding method of the dissimilar stellite trace alloy elements specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) performing chemical component analysis on a machined workpiece by using a component analysis instrument to meet the standard requirement of the ultra-low carbon stainless steel 304L, wherein the selected base material is the ultra-low carbon stainless steel 304L, and the base material comprises the following chemical components of, by mass, not more than 0.03% of carbon, 18.0-20.0% of chromium, not more than 1.0% of silicon, not more than 2.0% of manganese, 9.0-12.0% of nickel, not more than 0.03% of sulfur, not more than 0.045% of phosphorus, and the balance of iron;
(2) determining the part to be welded of the workpiece according to the specific use area of the finished product, wherein the size and the structure of the product meet the design and use requirements;
(3) performing nondestructive inspection on the determined part to be welded according to related requirements, ensuring that the part to be welded has no defect, performing the nondestructive inspection according to the execution, and putting the workpiece qualified by the nondestructive inspection into a special containing tool made of the same material as the base material;
(4) preheating a surfacing workpiece equipped with a special containing tool in a heat treatment furnace at 390 ℃ for 2.5 hours until the preheating temperature of the whole workpiece reaches 390 ℃;
(5) surfacing a workpiece by adopting oxyacetylene gas welding, performing welding treatment on a part to be welded in a flat welding position surfacing mode to enable a welding wire to form a surfacing layer at a welding seam of the workpiece, ensuring that the whole workpiece is 800-950 ℃ during surfacing, monitoring the temperature by using a temperature measuring instrument, and when the temperature is less than 800 ℃ or more than 950 ℃, adopting a temperature supplementing or reducing measure to ensure that the temperature of the workpiece is 800-950 ℃, wherein the welding wire is a stellite alloy, the chemical components of the welding wire are 0.9-1.4% of carbon, 26.0-32.0% of chromium, 3.0-6.0% of tungsten, less than or equal to 2.0% of silicon, less than or equal to 1.0% of manganese, less than or equal to 3.0% of iron, less than or equal to 3.0% of nickel and the balance of cobalt; oxygen pressure of oxyacetylene gas welding is 1.0Mpa, acetylene pressure is 0.15 Mpa; when oxygen acetylene gas welding surfacing is adopted, the purity of oxygen is 99.999 percent, and the purity of acetylene is 99.85 percent; when the oxyacetylene gas welding surfacing welding is adopted, a multilayer and multi-pass welding mode is adopted; the swing track of a welding gun for oxyacetylene gas welding is a clockwise spiral curve; the interlayer temperature of the surfacing layers is 800-950 ℃, the overlapping amount of the welding seam of the next surfacing layer is 1/3-1/2 of the width of the welding seam of the previous surfacing layer, and the height of the welding seam of each surfacing layer is 1.0-3.0 mm;
(6) after the first layer of overlaying welding is carried out, when the temperature of a workpiece is naturally reduced to 600-700 ℃, the first layer of welding line is polished until the metallic luster is exposed, and a special alloy grinding head is adopted during repair, so that no pollution among different materials is ensured;
(7) the polished workpiece is prepared by a special containing tool and put into a heat treatment furnace for secondary preheating, the preheating temperature is 370 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1h, the uniform heating of the part to be welded is ensured until the preheating temperature of the whole workpiece reaches 370 ℃;
(8) continuously performing first-layer surfacing on the preheated workpiece again, then naturally cooling the temperature of the workpiece to 600-700 ℃, performing first-layer weld joint polishing again until the metallic luster is exposed, performing oxyacetylene gas welding on surfacing, performing welding treatment on a to-be-welded part in a flat-weld-position surfacing mode, enabling a welding wire to form a surfacing layer at the weld joint of the workpiece, and ensuring that the temperature of the workpiece is 800-950 ℃ during surfacing until the whole surfacing part is completely welded, wherein the welding wire is stellite and comprises 0.9-1.4% of carbon, 26.0-32.0% of chromium, 3.0-6.0% of tungsten, less than or equal to 2.0% of silicon, less than or equal to 1.0% of manganese, less than or equal to 3.0% of iron, less than or equal to 3.0% of nickel and the balance of cobalt; oxygen pressure of oxyacetylene gas welding is 1.0Mpa, acetylene pressure is 0.15 Mpa; when oxygen acetylene gas welding surfacing is adopted, the purity of oxygen is 99.999 percent, and the purity of acetylene is 99.85 percent; when the oxyacetylene gas welding surfacing welding is adopted, a multilayer and multi-pass welding mode is adopted; the swing track of a welding gun for oxyacetylene gas welding is a clockwise spiral curve; the interlayer temperature of the surfacing layers is 800-950 ℃, the overlapping amount of the welding seam of the next surfacing layer is 1/3-1/2 of the width of the welding seam of the previous surfacing layer, and the height of the welding seam of each surfacing layer is 1.0-3.0 mm;
(9) and after welding, immediately putting the welded workpiece into a heat treatment furnace for heat treatment, wherein the charging temperature of the heat treatment is 200 ℃, keeping the temperature for 1.5h after charging, and then slowly cooling to room temperature along with the furnace.
The analysis and detection of the product of the invention are as follows:
(1) the products obtained in example 1 and example 2 were passed through PT nondestructive testing of the weld bead weld.
The operation method comprises the following steps: the surfacing welding seam surface is firstly machined to ensure that the surface roughness is 6.3, thereby meeting the PT nondestructive testing requirement.
The detection requirement is as follows: linear defects are not allowed, point defects are less than or equal to 0.8mm and 30 x 30mm is less than 2 points. Through detection, no defects such as slag inclusion, pores, linear defects, non-fusion and the like are found.
(2) Rockwell hardness tests were performed on the weld overlays of example 1 and example 2, respectively.
The operation method comprises the following steps: the surface of the weld bead of the surfacing welding is machined to ensure that the surface roughness is 6.3, and 25 points for hardness detection are uniformly distributed on the surface of a test piece of 100 x 100mm by using a Rockwell hardness tester.
The detection requirement is as follows: the detection value is 38-49 HRC.
Through detection, the hardness value range of the product in the embodiment 1 is 42-46 HRC, and the hardness value range of the product in the embodiment 2 is 40-44 HRC, so that the standard requirement is met.
(3) Vickers hardness tests were performed on the weld overlays of example 1 and example 2, respectively.
The operation method comprises the following steps: the surface of a surfacing welding seam is machined to ensure that the surface roughness is 6.3, and 40 points for detecting the hardness are uniformly distributed on the surface of a 100 x 100mm test piece by using a Vickers hardness tester.
The detection requirement is as follows: the detection value is 380-500 HV.
Through detection, the hardness value range of the product in the embodiment 1 is 400-440 HV, and the hardness value range of the product in the embodiment 2 is 385-433 HRC, so that the standard requirement is met.
(4) The products obtained in example 1 and example 2 were subjected to physicochemical analysis of weld beads.
The operation method comprises the following steps: firstly machining the surface of the surfacing welding seam, keeping the thickness of the surfacing welding seam to be 8mm and the surface roughness to be 6.3, drilling a hole on the surface of a 100 x 100mm test piece by using a numerical control machine to grind a welding seam iron chip, and carrying out chemical composition analysis by using an infrared carbon-sulfur analyzer and a spectrum analyzer.
The detection requirement is as follows: the chemical components of the alloy comprise, by mass, 1.1-1.8% of carbon, 26.0-32.0% of chromium, 3.0-6.0% of tungsten, less than or equal to 2.0% of silicon, less than or equal to 1.0% of manganese, less than or equal to 6.0% of iron, less than or equal to 3.0% of nickel, and the balance cobalt.
By detection, the chemical composition value of the product in example 1 is C: 1.7, Cr: 29.57, Fe: 2.66, W: 4.74, Si: 1.1, Mn: 0.052, Ni: 2.79, Mo: 0.3, Co: the balance; example 2 the product chemical composition value is C: 1.65, Cr: 30, Fe: 2.13, W: 4.68, Si: 1.17, Mn: 0.041, Ni: 2.65, Mo: 0.35, Co: the balance; both example 1 and example 2 meet the standard requirements.
(5) Macroscopic examination analysis was performed on the weld overlay surface in examples 1 and 2 at 7.5-fold, 50-fold, and 200-fold magnifications, respectively.
The operation method comprises the following steps: firstly machining the surface of a surfacing welding seam, cutting the surfacing welding seam along the central line of a 100 x 100mm test piece in a linear cutting mode, finely grinding the cut surface by using a grinding machine to reach the roughness of 3.2, and carrying out macroscopic detection on the welding seam and the accessory area of a fusion area of the ground test piece by using a metallographic analyzer.
The detection requirement is as follows: no cracks, no fusion or other linear defects.
Macroscopic detection analysis is carried out on the weld deposit surfaces in the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 by 7.5 times, 50 times and 200 times of amplification respectively, and the overproof defects such as slag inclusion, cracks, air holes and the like are not found.
The above specific technical solutions are only used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent that modifications may be made to the embodiments or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof; such modifications and substitutions do not substantially depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for welding dissimilar stellite trace alloy elements is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) analyzing chemical components of a processed workpiece, wherein the base metal of the workpiece is 304L of ultra-low carbon stainless steel;
(2) determining a part to be welded of a workpiece;
(3) performing nondestructive inspection on the determined part to be welded to ensure that the part to be welded has no defect, and putting the workpiece qualified by the nondestructive inspection into a containing tool made of the same material as the base metal;
(4) preheating a workpiece equipped with a special containing tool in a heat treatment furnace, wherein the preheating temperature is 200-400 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1-3 hours, and the part to be welded is uniformly heated until the preheating temperature of the whole workpiece reaches 200-400 ℃;
(5) surfacing the preheated workpiece by adopting oxyacetylene gas welding, and welding the part to be welded in a flat welding position surfacing mode to form a surfacing layer on the welding seam of the workpiece by using a welding wire, wherein the temperature of the workpiece is 700-950 ℃ during surfacing, and the welding wire is stellite;
(6) after the first layer of overlaying welding is carried out on the workpiece in the step (5), naturally cooling the workpiece to 500-700 ℃, and then grinding the first layer of welding line until the metallic luster is exposed;
(7) the polished workpiece in the step (6) is assembled by a special containing tool and is placed into a heat treatment furnace for secondary preheating, the preheating temperature is 200-400 ℃, the heat preservation time is 0.5-1 h, and the part to be welded is ensured to be uniformly heated until the preheating temperature of the whole workpiece reaches 200-400 ℃;
(8) continuing performing first-layer surfacing on the workpiece which is preheated again, then naturally cooling the temperature of the workpiece to 500-700 ℃, performing first-layer weld joint polishing again until the metallic luster is exposed, performing welding treatment on a to-be-welded part in a flat weld position surfacing mode by adopting oxyacetylene gas welding in surfacing so that a surfacing layer is formed at the weld joint of the workpiece by a welding wire, and ensuring that the temperature of the workpiece is 700-950 ℃ during surfacing until the whole surfacing part is completely welded, wherein the welding wire is stellite;
(9) and after welding, carrying out heat treatment on the welded workpiece, wherein the charging temperature of the heat treatment is 200-300 ℃, keeping the temperature for 1-3 h after charging, and then slowly cooling to room temperature along with the furnace.
2. The method of welding dissimilar stellite minor alloy elements according to claim 1, wherein: the base material in the step (1) comprises less than or equal to 0.03% of carbon, 18.0-20.0% of chromium, less than or equal to 1.0% of silicon, less than or equal to 2.0% of manganese, 9.0-12.0% of nickel, less than or equal to 0.03% of sulfur, less than or equal to 0.045% of phosphorus and the balance of iron.
3. The method of welding dissimilar stellite minor alloy elements according to claim 1, wherein: and (5) and (8) oxygen pressure of oxyacetylene gas welding is 0.4-1.2 Mpa, and acetylene pressure is 0.03-0.15 Mpa.
4. The method of welding dissimilar stellite minor alloy elements according to claim 1, wherein: and (4) during the oxygen acetylene gas welding surfacing welding in the steps (5) and (8), the purity of oxygen is 99.999 percent, and the purity of acetylene is 99.85 percent.
5. The method of welding dissimilar stellite minor alloy elements according to claim 1, wherein: and (5) during the oxygen acetylene gas welding surfacing in the step (8), adopting a multi-layer and multi-pass welding mode.
6. The method of welding dissimilar stellite minor alloy elements according to claim 1, wherein: and (5) and (8) enabling the swing track of the welding gun for the oxyacetylene gas welding to be a clockwise spiral curve.
7. The method of welding dissimilar stellite minor alloy elements according to claim 1, wherein: and (5) and (8) controlling the interlayer temperature of the surfacing layers to be 700-950 ℃, wherein the overlapping amount of the welding seam of the next surfacing layer is 1/3-1/2 of the width of the welding seam of the previous surfacing layer, and the height of the welding seam of each surfacing layer is 1.0-3.0 mm.
8. The method of welding dissimilar stellite minor alloy elements according to claim 1, wherein: the stellite alloy in the step (5) and the step (8) comprises 0.9-1.4% of carbon, 26.0-32.0% of chromium, 3.0-6.0% of tungsten, less than or equal to 2.0% of silicon, less than or equal to 1.0% of manganese, less than or equal to 3.0% of iron, less than or equal to 3.0% of nickel and the balance of cobalt.
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