CN106964872B - A kind of manual electric arc welding SMAW deep hole overlaying method - Google Patents

A kind of manual electric arc welding SMAW deep hole overlaying method Download PDF

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CN106964872B
CN106964872B CN201710181597.8A CN201710181597A CN106964872B CN 106964872 B CN106964872 B CN 106964872B CN 201710181597 A CN201710181597 A CN 201710181597A CN 106964872 B CN106964872 B CN 106964872B
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welding
deep hole
electric arc
valve body
temperature
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CN106964872A (en
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于亚平
王芳
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JIANGSU LIPEI POWER ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY SERVICES Co Ltd
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JIANGSU LIPEI POWER ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY SERVICES Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/04Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/235Preliminary treatment

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  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of manual electric arc welding SMAW deep hole overlaying method, welding rod used is D812 cobalt-based surfacing welding.Manual electric arc welding SMAW deep hole overlaying method of the present invention, it can get the work layer on surface without dilution rate, and flawless, without " misrun ", without slag inclusion, without it is loose, without softening layer generation, non junction plasticity decline the problems such as, it ensure that sealing surface is welded on long-term safety under high temperature, high pressure, various ambient conditions and runs, there are excellent ambient temperature mechanical properties and high temperature resistance;Qualification rate reaches 100%.

Description

A kind of manual electric arc welding SMAW deep hole overlaying method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of manual electric arc welding SMAW deep hole overlaying methods, belong to built-up welding field.
Background technique
With China's rapid development of economy, society's electricity consumption demand is continuously increased, and firepower power station construction also is being accelerated to send out Exhibition.In thermal power generation Steam Turbine, main steam condition is pressure 25MPa, 600 DEG C of reheat steam temperature of super (super-) critical vapour Turbine (1000MW) has the advantages that high-efficient, coal consumption is low low with pollutant discharge amount etc., by domestic and international thermal power plant it is a large amount of and Widely use.
With succeeding in developing for F91 material, the material vacancy in 590~650 DEG C of temperature ranges is filled up, overcritical machine is made The valve of group and extra-supercritical unit has corresponding material foundation.Why firepower power station unit selects F91 material, mainly Its with excellent creep rupture strength and good high-temperature oxidation resistant and corrosion resistance, and with low thermal expansion coefficient and High pyroconductivity reduces thermal stress in temperature change, thermal fatigue resistance can be improved.In the thermal power plant runtime Between, it means that Unit Commitment or heating when changing power output, cooling rate reduce the influence degree of material, power station valve by Casting die wall thickness reduces 40% or more, and product self weight reduces 65% or more, and generating efficiency 8% or so can be improved.
But since the material alloys element such as F91 is higher, weldability is decreased obviously.Main parts size is using F91 to valve system It makes special welding sequence and brings certain difficulty, the bad power that is welded into of control is very low, selects suitable welding technique, is suitable for Packing material etc. be this kind of valve manufacture important link.
Valve sealing face deep hole built-up welding is very important machining control process, purpose in order to improve the anti-pressure wound of sealing surface, It scratches, corrosion-resistant, wear-resistant and erosion resistant performance.The characteristics of due to various overlaying process, is different, can generate different Dilution rate θ (i.e. diluting effect of the base material to surfacing layer metal), and different resurfacing welding material heaps is welded on different matrix base materials, It acts on as caused by dilution rate and being also not quite similar, reducing dilution rate is where formulating the core of welding procedure.
Summary of the invention
Defects, the present invention such as power is low are welded into order to solve the materials such as F91 in the prior art, a kind of manual arc is provided Weld SMAW deep hole overlaying method.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of manual electric arc welding SMAW deep hole overlaying method, welding rod used are D812 cobalt-based surfacing welding.
Applicant it has been investigated that, D812 cobalt-based surfacing welding has the advantage that first, and cobalt alloy has good anti- The performance worn between metal, the especially antifraying property under top load state;High alloy member in another aspect sealing surface Cellulose content can provide splendid corrosion resistance and inoxidizability, and allotrope transformation does not occur for cobalt-base alloys, and cobalt-base alloys melts When metallisation is in hot (650 DEG C or less), hardness reduction is not obvious, only when temperature is increased to 650 DEG C or more, firmly Degree is just decreased obviously, and when temperature is restored to below hot, hardness is returned to again close to original hardness, and this guarantees mothers The performance that material carries out post weld heat treatment sealing surface will not lose;Third, the arc surfacing of D812 covered electrode can offset dilution.
The above method is suitable for the processing of sealing surface valve sealing face.
Above method equipment and simple process, operation are easy, and can neatly select surfacing welding as needed.
The fusion penetration of manual electric arc welding is larger,
Above-mentioned manual electric arc welding SMAW deep hole overlaying method, deposition rate be 0.45~2.7kg/h, single-layer surfacing with a thickness of 1.5~2.5mm.
It is swung using electricity source for dc arc welding reverse polarity or welding rod and the operation techniques such as long arc built-up welding can melt in reduction relatively It is deep, reduce dilution rate.
In order to improve welding quality, manual electric arc welding SMAW deep hole overlaying method carries out following welding preparation before welding:
1) valve body facing surface roughness Ra value is controlled at 12.5 μm or less;
2) dirts such as water, rust and the oil of valve body facing surface are removed;
3) defect that parent does not have crackle, stomata or burnt-in sand is reviewed and validate;
4) deep hole built-up welding groove circular arc R angle is R >=3mm, and the valve body of DN >=32mm is by built-up welding retaining wall on slope at U-shaped;
5) electrode coating remains intact before welding, and welding rod is baked 1h at 150 DEG C, is put into electrode dryer and protects Temperature.Avoid moisture absorption.
Above-mentioned steps 4) in DN >=32mm valve body by built-up welding retaining wall on slope at U-shaped, production when solving built-up welding cobalt-base alloys The non-uniform problem of shrinkage caused by raw rigidity is excessive eliminates the effect that valve body generates internal stress in built-up welding cobalt-base alloys, The generation for reducing weld crack improves the qualification rate of product.
Above-mentioned DN refers to the latus rectum of valve body.
Due to the welding base metal F91 with D812 chemical component difference, sealing surface weld deposit is different steel weld, above-mentioned welding preparation Can reduce and even be eliminated following inhomogeneities existing for deposited metal and two sides welding heat affected zone and base material: chemical component is uneven Even, mainly deposited metal and the ingredient of fusion zone change because of diluting effect in the welding process, and joint area is not Uniformity coefficient depends not only on base material and fills the ingredient of metal, is also influenced by welding procedure;That organizes is uneven, is welding Under Thermal Cyclic Effects, the tissue of joint area is different, in fact it could happen that complicated institutional framework, the uneven main table of tissue The accounting of base material in present dilution rate, that is, weld metal, this is related with welding method, bevel angle, coating property;Stress field point Cloth is uneven, and due to organizing the difference with ingredient, the thermal expansion coefficient of junction portion is different, and plastic region is just different, and remnants are answered Power is different, and another aspect thermal coefficient is also different, this can generate thermal stress difference, and supercoated stress occurs for two kinds of stress collective effects Reaching peak value will crack;Performance is uneven, and the heat affected area impact value variation for being embodied in weld seam two sides is bigger, high temperatures It can change also very greatly such as creep rupture strength and creep strength.
The method built-up welding cobalt-base alloys of F91 valve body interstitial hole position electricity consumption weldering of the present invention is processed into sealing surface of seat, due to The defects of sealing surface is in the deeper position of valve body interstitial hole, and slag inclusion and crackle are also easy to produce in built-up welding;Another aspect wlding cobalt Based alloy itself has very high red hardness, and in 500~700 DEG C of work, hardness is able to maintain 300~500HB, but its toughness Low, crack resistance is poor, solidification cracking or cold crack easy to form, therefore must be preheated before welding.
Applicant it has been investigated that, preheating temperature cannot be too high, otherwise connector cooling velocity reduce, may be in welding point In cause grain boundaries Carbide Precipitation and formed ferritic structure, to substantially reduce welded steel connector the rushing in room temperature It hits toughness, it is preferable that weld preheating: valve body is warming up to 420 ± 5 DEG C, carry out welding after then keeping the temperature 3h.
In order to further prevent the generation of slag inclusion, crackle etc., when preheating, valve body is first warming up to 250 DEG C in 30 minutes, Heat preservation 10-15 minutes;Then 300 DEG C are warming up to 10-12 DEG C/min of speed, keep the temperature 5-8 minutes;Finally with 5-6 DEG C/minute The speed of clock is warming up to 420 ± 5 DEG C, carries out welding after keeping the temperature 3h.
In order to guarantee the quality of gained sealing surface, the welding procedure ginseng of above-mentioned manual electric arc welding SMAW deep hole overlaying method Number: core diameter is ¢ 5mm, and electric current is 180~200A, DC reverse connection;Voltage is 20~24V.
The sealing surface of above-mentioned built-up welding is still able to maintain good wearability and corrosion resistance in 650 DEG C of work.
Applicant it has been investigated that, arc voltage mainly influences weld width, the higher weld seam of voltage more scantling and reinforcement It reduces, splashes and increase, weld seam forms not easy to control.
In order to further prevent slag inclusion, crackle, loose, softening layer etc. generation, guarantee the wearability, corrosion-resistant of sealing surface Performances, above-mentioned manual electric arc welding SMAW deep hole overlaying method, the D812 built-up welding concrete operations such as property are as follows:
1) in valve body surface built-up welding P91 prime coat, straight polarity direct current, thickness control is in 1~2mm;
2) the small-bore valve body that DN is 10~32mm is all fully welded in deep hole bottom with welding rod;The valve body built-up welding of DN >=32mm The number of plies is 4 layers, seals face thickness 8mm, and face thickness is sealed after processing and is not less than 5mm;
3) interlayer temperature >=250 DEG C are controlled in welding process;
4) use downhand position, every layer be soldered after remove welding slag;
5) it is welded using short arc, the length of electric arc is 0.8 times of core diameter;
6) at the end of built-up welding, gradually extinguish electric arc.Welding rod should be lifted at a slow speed when receiving arc in order to avoid molten pool metal is anxious at blow-out It is cold and generate " burner " crackle.
Above-mentioned steps 2) the infiltration diluting effect of base material can be reduced.Instrument control temperature, layer are surveyed using far infrared in step 3) Between temperature it is too low, too fast layer cooling velocity is very unfavorable for resurfacing welding material.Welding rod amplitude of fluctuation is not in step 5) It is preferably excessive,
In order to further ensure the mechanical performance of sealing surface, above-mentioned manual electric arc welding SMAW deep hole overlaying method, valve body weldering After connecing whole, after keeping the temperature 1h at 450 ± 5 DEG C, 700 ± 5 DEG C of tempering heat preservation 2h is warming up to, are then cooled to room temperature, into Row following process.
In order to further guarantee the mechanical performance of sealing surface, aforementioned 150 DEG C/h of heating rate;When cooling, first in furnace Furnace cooling is air-cooled to room temperature behind furnace temperature < 250 DEG C, carries out following process.
It is fine subcrystalline structure lath martensite since F91 belongs to martensite heat-resistant steel, the characteristics of metallographic form is Each geneva body unit is in elongated lath-shaped, and it is high-strength only just to become our desired high rigidity by tempering It spends and disconnected tissue not easy to brittle.
The variation of drawing process includes: the decomposition of 1. martensite;2. ε carbonization is precipitated in the formation and variation of carbide successively Object (the Fe2.4C carbide of close-packed hexagonal dot matrix) i.e. tempered martensite.3. improving tempering temperature, remaining austenite is decomposed, most It is also decomposed into tempered martensite eventually.4. the buy back policy of α phase: tempering temperature improves again, martensite and retained austenite It will continue to decompose, sequentially form secondary troostite and tempered sorbite.Realize lath martensite reinforcing, intercrystalline strengthening, dislocation Strengthen, the combination of particle strengthening and solution strengthening.
The purpose of heat preservation is the internal stress in order to reduce welding portion material, reduces hard brittleness, improve plasticity and toughness with And structure stability, obtain comprehensive performance required for sealing surface.Martensite and retained austenite occur a series of in tempering Transformation, the performance of steel also therefore significantly change.
If overlay cladding occur part " misrun " defect, by operate it is lack of standardization caused by, can local repair welding, but need to be by heap Welding (including weld preheating, after welding treatment etc.) carries out repair welding.It, can be by built-up welding if overlay cladding has crackle or defect area larger Layer all processing removal, again built-up welding.Same regio defect repair welding number must not exceed twice.
If cracked (the occurrence probability highest of this defect), the various tissues mainly due to heat affected area have difference Density, the coefficient of expansion and different form crystal lattices, during heating and cooling will necessarily with different volume expansion and It shrinks;On the other hand, since weld heating has the characteristics that uneven and temperature is high, so F91 welding point internal stress is very Greatly.For F91, austenite is sufficiently stable, and to be cooled to lower temperature (about 400 DEG C) can just become martensite.Coarse geneva Body tissue is crisp and hard, and connector is under complex stress condition again.Meanwhile hydrogen is expanded from weld seam to the area Jin Feng in weld seam cooling procedure It dissipates, the presence of hydrogen has promoted martensite brittle, the result of comprehensive function, it is easy to generate cold crack in quenched zone.In addition cobalt The reason of cracking in based alloy built-up welding, mainly valve body is rigidly big, and electric arc forms molten bath in the welding process, to weld part Position constantly fusing heating, and postwelding temperature rapid decrease, fusing metal freezing form weld seam.If preheating temperature is low, layer Temperature decline is inevitable quickly.When layer is quickly cooled down, the shrinking percentage of layer is faster than the shrinking percentage of valve body, in this stress Layer and base material is set to form a kind of interior tensile stress under effect quickly, by layer drawing crack.It should forbid to occur when processing welding position Wedge angle.Overlay cladding turning to ontology is pressed process flow repair welding by processing method again.
It is related with the oxidization condition of field trash and workpiece surface in wlding if there is slag inclusion, in addition when welding the second layer, If the oxide of first layer does not have emersion, it just will appear slag inclusion.Exclude slag inclusion, it is necessary to carry out polishing work before weldering, weld After complete first layer, surface should be checked, and scale removal.
If appearance is loose, it is main to there is reason are as follows: welding rod molten bath excessive velocities;Welding rod burning on molten bath can all occur It is loose, it is main to control welding current to control pool depth, to control dilution rate, guarantee the chemical component and built-up welding of overlay cladding Quality.
If there is the decline of connector plasticity, the crystal grain of Thermal Cycle butt joint heat affected area grows up and has great influence, Especially reach highest fusion area close to heating temperature.When cooling velocity is smaller, will appear in welding heat affected zone coarse Granular ferrite and carbide tissue, be decreased obviously the plasticity of steel;When cooling velocity is big, due to producing coarse horse The case where family name's body tissue is not in strictly plasticity decline by technological operation.
If there is the generation of softening layer, the welding of F91 sealing surface, it is inevitable that heat affected area generates softening layer, and compares pearl The softening of body of light heat resisting steel is even more serious.Because softening degree is larger when heating and cooling velocity are more slow;In addition, The width of softening layer is with it with a distance from melt run, and not only related with the heating condition of welding and feature, strict control preheating is welded Heat treatment can reduce the generation for even being eliminated softening layer afterwards.By qualification of welding procedure scheme determine it is underproof must heap again Weldering.
The unmentioned technology of the present invention is referring to the prior art.
Manual electric arc welding SMAW deep hole overlaying method of the present invention, the available work layer on surface without dilution rate, and flawless, Without " misrun ", without slag inclusion, without it is loose, without softening layer generation, non junction plasticity decline the problems such as, ensure that sealing surface is welded on Long-term safety is run under high temperature, high pressure, various ambient conditions, has excellent ambient temperature mechanical properties and high temperature resistance;It is qualified Rate reaches 100%.
Specific embodiment
For a better understanding of the present invention, below with reference to the embodiment content that the present invention is furture elucidated, but it is of the invention Content is not limited solely to the following examples.
Embodiment 1
The method built-up welding cobalt-base alloys of F91 valve body interstitial hole position electricity consumption weldering is processed into sealing surface of seat, and welding rod used is D812 cobalt-based surfacing welding, the inside nominal diameter DN of valve body are 32;
1, welding preparation:
1) valve body facing surface roughness Ra value is controlled at 12.5 μm or less;
2) dirts such as water, rust and the oil of valve body facing surface are removed;
3) defect that parent does not have crackle, stomata or burnt-in sand is reviewed and validate;
4) deep hole built-up welding groove circular arc R angle is 5mm, by built-up welding retaining wall on slope at U-shaped;
5) electrode coating remains intact before welding, and bakes 1h at 150 DEG C, is put into electrode dryer inside holding;
6) valve body is warming up to 420 DEG C, carries out welding, temperature-rising method after then keeping the temperature 3h are as follows: first by valve body at 30 minutes 250 DEG C are inside warming up to, keeps the temperature 12 minutes;Then 300 DEG C are warming up to 10 DEG C/min of speed, keep the temperature 6 minutes;Finally with 5 DEG C/min speed be warming up to 420 DEG C, carry out welding after keeping the temperature 3h;
2, welding condition: core diameter is ¢ 5mm, and electric current is 180~200A, DC reverse connection;Voltage be 20~ 24V。
3, D812 built-up welding concrete operations are as follows:
1) in valve body surface built-up welding P91 prime coat, straight polarity direct current, thickness control is in 1.5mm;
2) the valve body built-up welding number of plies is 4 layers, seals face thickness 8mm, and face thickness is sealed after processing and is not less than 5mm;
3) interlayer temperature >=250 DEG C are controlled in welding process, and instrument control temperature is surveyed using far infrared;
4) use downhand position, every layer be soldered after remove welding slag;
5) welding rod amplitude of fluctuation should not be too large, and be welded using short arc, and the length of electric arc is 0.8 times of core diameter;
6) at the end of built-up welding, gradually extinguish electric arc.Welding rod should be lifted at a slow speed when receiving arc in order to avoid molten pool metal is anxious at blow-out It is cold and generate " burner " crackle.
7) after valve body welding whole, after keeping the temperature 1h at 450 DEG C, 700 DEG C of tempering heat preservation 2h is warming up to, are then cooled down To room temperature, following process is carried out, 700 DEG C of 150 DEG C/h of heating rate is warming up to;It is first cold with furnace in furnace when being cooled to room temperature But, it is air-cooled to room temperature behind furnace temperature < 250 DEG C, carries out following process.
Deposition rate is 2.7kg/h;
4, according to the regulation of DL/T 868-2004 " heat power plant boiler, pressure vessel qualification of welding procedure regulation ", system Fix column qualification of welding procedure scheme:
1, appearance, by DL/T869-2004 " thermal power plant welding technique regulation ", the quality standard of I class weld appearance It checks and accepts;
2, nondestructive testing carries out 100% ultrasonic wave (UT) to weld seam by JB4730, magnetic powder (MT) is detected a flaw, I grades of qualifications;
3, hardness after heat treatment, does 100% Determination of Hardness, and hardness number HRC: >=44;
4, spectrum, Resistance of Weld Metal alloying component carry out 100% spectrum analysis check.
10 parallel tests, product qualification rate reaching 100% are done according to the method described above.
Embodiment 2
It is substantially the same manner as Example 1, except that: the inside nominal diameter DN of valve body is 25mm, is specifically grasped in D812 built-up welding 2) step need to be all fully welded in deep hole bottom with welding rod the made;
10 parallel tests, product qualification rate reaching 100% are done according to the method described above.
In each example, manual electric arc welding SMAW deep hole overlaying method can get the work layer on surface without dilution rate, and nothing is split Line, nothing " misrun ", without slag inclusion, without it is loose, without softening layer generation, non junction plasticity decline the problems such as, ensure that sealing surface weld It connects the long-term safety under high temperature, high pressure, various ambient conditions to run, there are excellent ambient temperature mechanical properties and high temperature resistance.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of manual electric arc welding SMAW deep hole overlaying method, it is characterised in that: welding rod used is D812 cobalt-based surfacing welding;
Weld preheating: being warming up to 420 ± 5 DEG C for valve body, carries out welding after then keeping the temperature 3h;
When preheating, valve body is first warming up to 250 DEG C in 30 minutes, keeps the temperature 10-15 minutes;Then with 10-12 DEG C/min of speed Degree is warming up to 300 DEG C, keeps the temperature 5-8 minutes;420 ± 5 DEG C finally are warming up to 5-6 DEG C/min of speed, is applied after keeping the temperature 3h Weldering.
2. manual electric arc welding SMAW deep hole overlaying method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: deposition rate be 0.45~ 2.7kg/h, single-layer surfacing is with a thickness of 1.5~2.5mm.
3. manual electric arc welding SMAW deep hole overlaying method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: carried out such as before welding Lower welding preparation:
1) valve body facing surface roughness Ra value is controlled at 12.5 μm or less;
2) water, rust and the oil of valve body facing surface are removed;
3) defect that parent does not have crackle, stomata or burnt-in sand is reviewed and validate;
4) deep hole built-up welding groove circular arc R angle is R >=3mm, and the valve body of DN >=32mm is by built-up welding retaining wall on slope at U-shaped;
5) electrode coating remains intact before welding, and bakes 1h at 150 DEG C, is put into electrode dryer inside holding.
4. manual electric arc welding SMAW deep hole overlaying method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: welding condition: Core diameter is ¢ 5mm, and electric current is 180~200A, DC reverse connection;Voltage is 20~24V.
5. manual electric arc welding SMAW deep hole overlaying method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: D812 built-up welding is specific It operates as follows:
1) in valve body surface built-up welding P91 prime coat, straight polarity direct current, thickness control is in 1~2mm;
2) the small-bore valve body that DN is 10~32mm is all fully welded in deep hole bottom with welding rod;The valve body built-up welding number of plies of DN >=32mm It is 4 layers, seals face thickness 8mm, face thickness is sealed after processing and is not less than 5mm;
3) interlayer temperature >=250 DEG C are controlled in welding process;
4) use downhand position, every layer be soldered after remove welding slag;
5) it is welded using short arc, the length of electric arc is 0.8 times of core diameter;
6) at the end of built-up welding, gradually extinguish electric arc.
6. manual electric arc welding SMAW deep hole overlaying method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: valve body welding is all After, after keeping the temperature 1h at 450 ± 5 DEG C, 700 ± 5 DEG C of tempering heat preservation 2h are warming up to, then cools to room temperature, carries out subsequent Processing.
7. manual electric arc welding SMAW deep hole overlaying method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that: 150 DEG C/h of heating rate; When cooling, the first furnace cooling in furnace is air-cooled to room temperature behind furnace temperature < 250 DEG C, carries out following process.
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CN107587001A (en) * 2017-08-19 2018-01-16 安徽鼎恒再制造产业技术研究院有限公司 A kind of air inlet valve and air outlet valve of internal combustion engine continuous casting casting rod and its welding procedure
CN108161177B (en) * 2017-12-26 2020-05-26 江苏利柏特股份有限公司 Welding process method for adding cobalt-based hardened layer to end part of open pipeline
CN112439973A (en) * 2020-11-20 2021-03-05 江苏核电有限公司 Repair method for surfacing layer on sealing surface of Russian gate

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