CN114225215B - Electrode system - Google Patents
Electrode system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114225215B CN114225215B CN202111672743.XA CN202111672743A CN114225215B CN 114225215 B CN114225215 B CN 114225215B CN 202111672743 A CN202111672743 A CN 202111672743A CN 114225215 B CN114225215 B CN 114225215B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
- A61N1/05—Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
Abstract
The invention discloses an electrode system for a body, comprising: an external signal source for emitting an electrical signal; and at least one first implant electrode for implantation at least one first location inside the body, the at least one first implant electrode being connected to the external signal source to receive the electrical signal.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of medical devices, and more particularly to an electrode system with an implanted electrode in the body.
Background
In recent years, as biophysical technologies have been developed, therapeutic technologies for inhibiting rapid growth of cells of a lesion tissue by applying an electric field have been developed, for example, electric field tumor therapeutic devices typified by TTF (Tutor Treating Field) technology. The basic principle of this technique is that the electric field has a destructive effect on rapidly dividing cells. In general, the electrodes are arranged mainly by head surface coating, and each of the front, rear, left and right electrodes is a pair of electrodes, and an electric field acting direction which is the front-rear direction is generated; the left and right plates are a pair of electrodes, and generate an electric field acting direction which is a left-right direction. In use, an electric field generating device alternately applies an electric signal to the two pairs of electrodes. For example, the electric field generator applies an electric signal to the left and right patch electrodes for one second, and after one second of electric field action is formed in the cranium, stops applying the electric signal to the left and right patch electrodes, and applies an electric signal to the front and rear patch electrodes for one second, and after one second of electric field action is formed in the cranium. In this case, one application cycle is completed, and in the second application cycle, electric signals are sequentially and regularly alternately applied to the two pairs of electrodes in the order of one time left and right and one time front and back, so that electric fields with two directions alternating in the cranium are formed. The stronger the electric signal applied to the electrodes attached outside the body, the stronger the electric field obtained inside the body, and the stronger the electric field obtained inside the body, the more obvious the inhibition effect on the growth of tumor cells. The life of the patch electrode for use by the patient is two to four days, beyond which a new electrode must be replaced. The electrode is directly adhered to the skin by using the adhesive, so that the electrode can more or less affect the skin, and is generally in the form of allergic phenomena such as redness, swelling, ulcer and the like, and once the conditions of foaming and ulcer occur, the electrode must be stopped for a period of time, and the electrode can be continuously used after the skin heals.
In addition, the prior art has some problems. First, the direction in which the electric field is applied is not large, and thus the growth of tumor cells cannot be completely inhibited. According to the principle of suppressing tumors by an electric field, the influence of the electric field on tumor cells with the long axis consistent with the direction of the electric field is most obvious, but the influence of the electric field on tumor cells with the long axis perpendicular to the direction of the electric field is smaller, so that the current electrode configuration mode is insufficient to cover all divided cells with different long axis directions, so that a part of tumor cells are not in the action range of the electric field during division, and the part of tumor cells are smoothly divided, thereby causing the growth of focus.
Secondly, in the prior art, electric field loss is large. The electric field is applied to the focus through the electrodes attached to the body surface, and attenuation of skin, bones, muscles, organs and body fluids is required to be applied to the focus, so that most of electric field energy is lost. If an effective therapeutic intensity is to be obtained at the lesion, a signal of a greater intensity needs to be applied to the electrode, but the intensity of the applied electric field is increased, which is limited by factors such as the bearing capacity of the human body, side effects, miniaturization of the therapeutic equipment, and battery endurance.
Again, in the prior art, the direction of the electric field obtained within the lesion is uncertain. It is desirable that the direction of the electric field obtained at the focal zone be coincident with the direction of application of the electrodes. However, in the application of an electric field, the electric field is required to pass through skin, bones, muscles, organs, body fluids, etc. The tissues have different shapes and sizes, and have larger differences in resistivity and dielectric constants. The electric field is generally applied to the tumor site along a path having the smallest resistivity, the largest dielectric constant and the shortest distance, and this path is not on a direct line from the electrode to the tumor site, so that the direction of the electric field received by the tumor is shifted in direction due to the influence of various factors, and the acting direction of the electric field cannot be highlighted.
Finally, in the prior art, targeting control for lesions is not apparent upon application of an electric field. The electric field is widely distributed over the lines of force formed by the conductor and is not directed to lesions only, but also to many non-diseased sites. Thus, existing techniques for applying an electric field to treat a lesion (e.g., a tumor) have difficulty focusing the electric lines of force to the lesion location.
Disclosure of Invention
Embodiments of the present invention provide an electrode system for a body, which may include: an external signal source for emitting an electrical signal; and at least one first implant electrode for implantation at least one first location inside the body, the at least one first implant electrode being connected to the external signal source to receive the electrical signal.
The at least one first location may be a focal location and the connection between the at least one first implant electrode and the external signal source may be achieved by a wire or electromagnetic induction and the at least one first implant electrode may be a stereoscopic implant electrode.
The electrode system may further comprise at least one second implanted electrode for implantation at least one second location inside the body, the at least one second implanted electrode being connected to the external signal source for receiving the electrical signal.
The at least one second location may be between bone and tissue inside the body, the connection between the at least one second implant electrode and the external signal source may be achieved by a wire or electromagnetic induction, and the at least one second implant electrode may be a sheet-like implant electrode.
The electrode system may further comprise at least one third electrode located at least one third location outside the body, the at least one third electrode being connected to the external signal source to receive the electrical signal.
The connection between the at least one third electrode and the external signal source may be achieved by a wire or electromagnetic induction, and the at least one third electrode may be a sheet-like electrode.
The at least one first implant electrode may have a shape of any one of a sphere and a polyhedron.
The electrode system may further comprise at least one first fixation device for fixing the at least one first implant electrode.
The electrode system may further comprise at least one second fixation device for fixing the at least one second implant electrode.
After the at least one first implanted electrode receives the electrical signal, the at least one first implanted electrode may release the electric field.
After the at least one first implant electrode receives the electrical signal, an electric field may be released at least one region on the surface of the at least one first implant electrode, and the at least one region and other regions on the surface of the at least one first implant electrode may be insulated from each other.
After the at least one first implant electrode and the at least one second implant electrode receive the electrical signals, an electric field may be generated between the at least one first implant electrode and the at least one second implant electrode.
After the at least one first and at least one second implanted electrode receive the electrical signal, an electric field may be generated between at least one region on the surface of the at least one first implanted electrode and the at least one second implanted electrode, the at least one region being insulated from other regions on the surface of the at least one first implanted electrode.
After the at least one second implant electrode receives the electrical signal, an electric field may be generated between any two of the at least one second implant electrode.
After the at least one first implanted electrode and the at least one third electrode receive the electrical signal, an electric field may be generated between the at least one first implanted electrode and the at least one third electrode.
After the at least one first implanted electrode and the at least one third electrode receive the electrical signal, an electric field may be generated between at least one region on the surface of the at least one first implanted electrode and the at least one third electrode, the at least one region being insulated from other regions on the surface of the at least one first implanted electrode.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides an electrode system for a body, which may include: an external signal source for emitting an electrical signal; and at least one pair of implant electrodes for implantation between bone and internal body tissue, the at least one pair of implant electrodes being connected to an external signal source to receive an electrical signal to generate an electric field between the at least one pair of implant electrodes.
At least one pair of implanted electrodes may be positioned opposite each other around the body interior tissue.
The connection between the at least one pair of implant electrodes and the external signal source may be achieved by a wire or electromagnetic induction, and the at least one pair of implant electrodes may be patch-shaped implant electrodes.
The electrode system may also generate an electric field between one implanted electrode within one of the at least one pair of implanted electrodes and one implanted electrode within the other of the at least one pair of implanted electrodes.
Yet another embodiment of the present invention provides an electrode system for a body, which may include: an external signal source for emitting an electrical signal; at least one implant electrode for implantation between bone and internal body tissue, the at least one implant electrode being connected to the external signal source to receive the electrical signal; and at least one external electrode located at least one location outside the body, the at least one external electrode being connected to the external signal source to receive the electrical signal, thereby generating an electric field between the at least one implanted electrode and the at least one external electrode.
Any of the at least one implant electrode and a respective one of the at least one external body electrode may be positioned opposite each other around the internal body tissue.
The connection between the at least one implant electrode and the external signal source may be achieved by a wire or electromagnetic induction and the at least one implant electrode may be a patch implant electrode, and wherein the connection between the at least one external electrode and the external signal source may be achieved by a wire or electromagnetic induction and the at least one external electrode may be a patch electrode.
The electrode system may also generate an electric field between any two of the at least one implanted electrodes.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present invention, and is intended to be implemented in accordance with the teachings of the present invention in order that the same may be more clearly understood and to make the same and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more readily apparent.
Drawings
The above, as well as additional purposes, features, and advantages of exemplary embodiments of the present invention will become readily apparent from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Several embodiments of the present invention are illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings and in which:
in the drawings, the same or corresponding reference numerals indicate the same or corresponding parts.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an electrode system to which an embodiment according to the invention is applied.
Fig. 2 to 3 show schematic views of implanted electrodes according to various embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 4a and 4b each show a schematic view of an electrode system to which an embodiment according to the invention is applied.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of an electrode system to which an embodiment according to the invention is applied.
Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of an arrangement of an electrode system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 shows a schematic diagram of generating an electric field between implanted electrodes according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of the invention. Specific examples of components and arrangements are described below to simplify the present disclosure. These are, of course, merely examples and are not intended to limit the invention.
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth such as the particular system architecture, interfaces, techniques, etc., in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary detail.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "connected" and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an electrode system to which an embodiment according to the invention is applied. As shown in fig. 1, the electrode system is applied to a human head. The figure shows an implanted electrode 101, a plurality of extra-corporal electrodes 102 attached to the outside of the head, the head skin 103, the skull 104 and brain tissue 105. The implant electrode 101 may be a stereoscopic implant electrode. The implant electrode 101 may be implanted at a lesion of the head. In some embodiments, the lesion may be located at the tumor tissue, may be located at a space after removal of a portion of the tumor tissue, or may be located at a space after removal of the tumor tissue. In the present invention, brain tissue 105 belongs to internal body tissue and skull 104 belongs to bone. Embodiments of the present invention only show an electrode system applied to the head of a patient. In the illustrated embodiment, the electrode system is intended to treat tumors within the head. However, the electrode system may be applied at any location within the patient's body to treat different diseases. The electrode system further comprises an external signal source (not shown). The external signal source is used for generating an electric signal to control various physical parameters such as the intensity, the generation frequency, the direction, the switching frequency and the like of the electric field generated by the electrode. In some embodiments, the sternum is a bone and the various organs within the chest are internal tissues of the body.
The implant electrode 101 may have a three-dimensional structure, for example, a three-dimensional structure having a plurality of flat or curved surfaces on the surface. In some embodiments, each face of the implant electrode 101 is conductive. In some embodiments, the implant electrode 101 may be spherical. The periphery of the sphere can be in contact with brain tissue and can form an electric field with an external electrode attached to the surface of the head skin 103. For example, the electric field is schematically shown by the double-arrow dashed line. In some embodiments of the invention, the plurality of extracorporeal electrodes 102 may be patch electrodes.
The implanted electrode 101 and the extracorporeal electrode 102 are both connected to an external signal source. In some embodiments of the present invention, at least one of the implanted electrode 101 and the external electrode 102 may be connected by a wire to an external signal source for receiving or transmitting an electrical signal. In some embodiments of the invention, at least one of the implanted electrode and the external electrode may be wirelessly connected to an external signal source by electromagnetic induction for receiving an electrical signal. The electric field formed by the implanted electrode 101 and the extracorporeal electrode 102 may have a variety of electric field paths. Only one example is shown here. For example, one electric field path is from one terminal of an external signal source, through an implanted electrode lead, a stereotactic implanted electrode, human internal tissue, an external electrode lead, and back to the other terminal of the external signal source.
In some embodiments, an external signal source provides an alternating current/signal, thus creating an alternating electric field between the implanted electrode 101 and the external electrode 102 that may change direction.
In the present invention, the electric field intensity is greater in the region around the implanted electrode than in other regions, i.e., the region closer to the implanted electrode, so that the effect of inhibiting the growth of tumor cells is better as the implanted electrode is closer.
The invention also has an embodiment which is not shown in the drawings. In this embodiment, the electrode system includes only the implanted electrode and the external signal source located at the lesion. The implanted electrode receives an electrical signal from an external signal source to release the electric field. In this embodiment, the electric field path is, for example, from one terminal of the external signal source, and is radiated out from the skin surface in the form of electromagnetic wave after passing through the implanted electrode lead, the implanted electrode, the internal tissue of the human body and the bone, so that the action direction of the electric field is formed in the body along the connection line between the implanted electrode and the skin surface of the body, and the action is stronger in the region where the connection line is dense.
Figures 2 and 3 show schematic views of implanted electrodes according to various embodiments of the present invention. Fig. 2 and 3 show two types of stereotactic electrodes. In some embodiments, the stereotactic electrode is a polyhedron, and may have a plurality of individual faces, each of which is either insulated or uninsulated. Taking the hexagonal-prism-shaped electrode of fig. 2 as an example, the electrode is composed of six side surfaces and one bottom surface on top and bottom, and each surface is insulated from the other, so that the electrode can be used as a single electrode. In some embodiments, the surface of the sphere electrode may also be divided into several sections, insulated from each other, each section being used as an electrode alone. Fig. 3 shows a polyhedron obtained by dividing a sphere into six portions of the same area. In some embodiments, the stereotactic implant electrode may also have any shape, including but not limited to spheres, cylinders, and the like. Any number of regions may be segmented on the surface of the stereotactic electrode, and may be insulating or non-insulating between these regions.
Fig. 4a shows a schematic diagram of an electrode system to which an embodiment according to the invention is applied. In the embodiment shown in fig. 4a, the stereotactic electrode 401 may generate an electric field with any one of a plurality of external electrodes 402 attached.
In this embodiment, an electric field path may be from one terminal of the external signal source, through the stereoscopic implant electrode lead, the stereoscopic implant electrode, the human internal tissue, the extracorporeal electrode lead, and back to the other terminal of the external signal source. This embodiment also includes a variety of possible electric field paths. For example, in the case of an external signal source providing an alternating current, the electric field path may be from one terminal of the external signal source, through an external electrode lead, an external electrode, human internal tissue, a stereoscopic implant electrode lead, back to the other terminal of the external signal source.
Fig. 4b shows a schematic diagram of an electrode system to which an embodiment according to the invention is applied. In the embodiment shown in fig. 4b, the stereotactic implant electrode 401 'may generate an electric field with a plurality of sheet-like implant electrodes 402' implanted between the skull and brain tissue. The three-dimensional implanted electrode and the sheet-shaped implanted electrode are implanted in the body, so that no loss of the electric field is caused by skin and bones, and the effect of the electric field on the tumor part is stronger.
In this embodiment, an electric field path is from one terminal of the external signal source, through the stereoscopic implant electrode lead, the stereoscopic implant electrode, the human internal tissue, the sheet implant electrode lead, and back to the other terminal of the external signal source. This embodiment also includes a variety of possible electric field paths.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic view of an electrode system to which a further embodiment according to the invention is applied. In the embodiment shown in fig. 5, an electric field is generated only between the plurality of pairs of sheet-like implanted electrodes 501.
In this embodiment, an electric field path is from one terminal of the external signal source, through one sheet-like implant electrode lead, the sheet-like implant electrode, the internal body tissue, the other sheet-like implant electrode lead, and back to the other terminal of the external signal source. This embodiment also includes a variety of possible electric field paths.
In some embodiments of the invention, multiple stereotactic electrodes may be implanted for multiple focal sites, or one stereotactic electrode may be implanted for multiple focal sites. In the case of implanting a plurality of stereoscopic implant electrodes for a plurality of lesion sites, each stereoscopic implant electrode may be implanted at each lesion site, or at least one of the plurality of stereoscopic implant electrodes may be implanted at least one lesion site. In the case where one stereoscopic implant electrode is implanted for a plurality of lesion sites, the stereoscopic implant electrode may be implanted not at a lesion site but at other sites where an electric field having a sufficient intensity can be applied for each of a plurality of lesion sites. Of course, the one stereoscopic implant electrode may also be implanted at one of the lesion locations where an electric field of sufficient strength can also be applied to the other lesion locations.
In some embodiments of the invention, the electrode system further comprises a fixation device (not shown) for fixing the implanted electrode at the lesion or any desired location. For example, each of the stereotactic implant electrode and the laminar implant electrode may be provided with a respective fixation means.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the stereoscopic implant electrode and/or the sheet-shaped implant electrode may be mounted by the following method.
The method for installing the three-dimensional implantation electrode comprises the following steps: one or more stereotactic electrodes are customized to fit the size of the tumor to be resected based on the medical image, and an electrode holder (e.g., electrode stent) for supporting the stereotactic electrodes. After the tumor is resected by surgery, the three-dimensional implantation electrode is arranged in the tumor resection area to occupy the resected position of the tumor, one end of the electrode lead is connected with the three-dimensional electrode, and the other end of the electrode lead is led to an external signal source.
The mounting method of the sheet-shaped implanted electrode comprises the following steps: determining the position of a tumor according to the medical image, and selecting the size, shape and fixed position of a sheet-shaped implanted electrode fixed in the body; one or more sheet-like implant electrodes, and one or more electrode fixation devices are customized. After the tumor is resected by surgery, the laminar electrode is mounted around the tumor-growing organ tissue, one end of the electrode lead is connected to the laminar electrode, and the other end is led to an external signal source.
In addition, since the implanted electrode can be connected with an external signal source through electromagnetic induction, the above scheme can omit the step of connecting the electrode leads.
In some embodiments of the invention, the total surface area of the stereotactic electrode is no less than 5 square centimeters, and each surface thereof is in contact with internal human tissue or body fluid, capable of transmitting an electric field into the internal human tissue or body fluid in contact therewith.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the sheet-like implant electrode has an area of not less than 5 square centimeters, and a surface thereof is in contact with human internal tissue or body fluid, capable of transmitting an electric field into the human internal tissue or body fluid in contact therewith.
In some embodiments of the present invention, various implant electrodes may be fabricated from one or more materials of metals, composites, ceramics, etc. that have high biocompatibility.
The proposal provided by the invention has a plurality of advantages.
The electric field generated by the implanted electrodes acts more directly. Because the implanted electrode is implanted into the body and is closer to the tumor part, the generated electric field directly acts on the tumor, and the tumor part can be reached without passing through skin, bones and the like in the external electrode, so that a weaker electric field can be input, and a better treatment effect can be obtained.
The targeting of the electric field generated by the implanted electrode is better. From the distribution of electric lines around the electrode, the closer to the electrode, the higher the density of electric lines, and the stronger the electric field, and the closer to the tumor site, the implanted electrode, and thus the stronger the electric field effect generated at the tumor site. Therefore, the targeting of the electric field is better than in-vitro electrodes.
The coverage area of the electric field generated by the stereotactic electrode is larger. The three-dimensional implanted electrode is positioned in the depth of the body, and the generated electric field acts to scatter around by taking the three-dimensional implanted electrode as the center, so that a larger area can be covered. The advantage of the electric field applied by such a stereotactic implanted electrode is that it has an inhibitory effect on tumor recurrence at an indefinite location.
The directionality of the electric field generated by the implanted electrode is stronger. The implanted electrode is close to the tumor part, and the generated electric field direction is less influenced by the internal tissues of the body, so that the electric field direction applied to the tumor part is more accurate.
The direction of the electric field generated by the implanted electrode is richer. First, the sheet-like implant electrode may be placed at any location within the skull. For example, fig. 6 shows a sheet-like implant electrode placed in a top of head position within the skull. Whereas the prior art can only place the pasted electrode in a horizontal direction (e.g., in the front-back, left-right direction of the head). Second, an electric field can be generated between two sheet-like implanted electrodes placed at arbitrary positions. As shown in fig. 7, an electric field may be generated between the two illustrated sheet-like implant electrodes 701. This is because there is no attenuation of the electric field by bone between the two sheet-like implanted electrodes 701, compared to the extracorporeal patch-type electrodes of the prior art, so that a sufficiently strong electric field can be generated between the electrodes with a small power, avoiding side effects on the human body due to the use of a large power as in the prior art, and saving electric power. Since a plurality of sheet-like implant electrodes 701 can be provided, it is possible to have a plurality of electric field application directions for the same focal position, thereby suppressing tumor cells dividing in different directions. Especially in case the electrode system comprises at least one stereotactic implanted electrode and a plurality of sheet-like implanted electrodes at the same time, the direction of action of the electric field is greatest, whereby the inhibition of tumor cell division in all directions is best. In other embodiments, an electric field may also be generated between the patch-like implanted electrode and the external patch-like electrode. This is because the solution in this embodiment also reduces the attenuation of the electric field by the bone relative to the prior art.
The implanted electrode does not need to be replaced periodically. The implanted electrode is made of metal, composite material, ceramic and other materials with high biocompatibility, has stable chemical and physical properties and long service life, does not need to be replaced regularly, and can be replaced for life once implanted.
The implanted electrode avoids skin allergy caused by the existing pasting electrode.
In this context, the electrode system is only shown as applied intracranially for the treatment of tumors. However, the electrode system according to the present invention may be applied not only to intracranial but also to various body parts of the chest, abdomen, etc. to treat different diseases.
The foregoing outlines features of several embodiments so that those skilled in the art may better understand the aspects of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that they may readily use the present invention as a basis for designing or modifying other processes and structures for carrying out the same purposes and/or achieving the same advantages of the embodiments introduced herein. Those skilled in the art should also realize that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that they may make various changes, substitutions, and alterations herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (23)
1. An electrode system for a body, comprising:
an external signal source for emitting an electrical signal;
at least one first implant electrode for implantation at least one first location inside the body, the at least one first implant electrode being connected to the external signal source to receive the electrical signal, wherein the at least one first location is a focal location and the at least one first implant electrode is a stereoscopic implant electrode; and
at least one second implant electrode for implantation at least one second location within the body, wherein the at least one second location is located between bone and tissue within the body, and the at least one second implant electrode is a sheet-like implant electrode,
wherein the at least one first implant electrode has a shape of any one of a sphere and a polyhedron,
wherein upon receipt of the electrical signal at the at least one first implanted electrode, an electric field is released at least one region on the surface of the at least one first implanted electrode, the at least one region being insulated from other regions on the surface of the at least one first implanted electrode.
2. The electrode system according to claim 1, wherein the connection between the at least one first implanted electrode and the external signal source is achieved by means of wires or electromagnetic induction.
3. The electrode system of claim 1, wherein the at least one second implanted electrode is connected to the external signal source to receive the electrical signal.
4. An electrode system according to claim 3, wherein the connection between the at least one second implanted electrode and the external signal source is achieved by means of wires or electromagnetic induction.
5. The electrode system of claim 1, further comprising at least one third electrode located at least one third location outside the body, the at least one third electrode connected to the external signal source to receive the electrical signal.
6. The electrode system of claim 5, wherein the connection between the at least one third electrode and the external signal source is achieved by wire or electromagnetic induction, and the at least one third electrode is a sheet electrode.
7. The electrode system of claim 1, further comprising at least one first securing means for securing the at least one first implanted electrode.
8. The electrode system of claim 3, further comprising at least one second securing means for securing the at least one second implanted electrode.
9. The electrode system of claim 1, wherein the at least one first implanted electrode releases an electric field after the at least one first implanted electrode receives the electrical signal.
10. The electrode system of claim 3, wherein an electric field is generated between the at least one first implanted electrode and the at least one second implanted electrode after the at least one first implanted electrode and the at least one second implanted electrode receive the electrical signal.
11. The electrode system of claim 10, wherein upon receipt of the electrical signals by the at least one first and second implanted electrodes, an electric field is generated between at least one region on a surface of the at least one first implanted electrode and the at least one second implanted electrode, the at least one region being insulated from other regions on the surface of the at least one first implanted electrode.
12. The electrode system of claim 3, wherein an electric field is generated between any two of the at least one second implanted electrodes after the at least one second implanted electrode receives the electrical signal.
13. The electrode system of claim 5, wherein an electric field is generated between the at least one first implanted electrode and the at least one third electrode after the at least one first implanted electrode and the at least one third electrode receive the electrical signal.
14. The electrode system of claim 13, wherein upon receipt of the electrical signals by the at least one first implanted electrode and the at least one third electrode, an electric field is generated between at least one region on a surface of the at least one first implanted electrode and the at least one third electrode, the at least one region being insulated from other regions on the surface of the at least one first implanted electrode.
15. An electrode system for a body, comprising:
an external signal source for emitting an electrical signal; and
at least one pair of implant electrodes for implantation between bone and internal body tissue, the at least one pair of implant electrodes being connected to the external signal source to receive the electrical signal to generate an electric field between the at least one pair of implant electrodes,
wherein the at least one pair of implant electrodes are sheet-like implant electrodes and are positioned opposite each other around the body interior tissue.
16. The electrode system of claim 15, wherein the connection between the at least one pair of implanted electrodes and the external signal source is achieved by wire or electromagnetic induction.
17. The electrode system of claim 15, wherein the electrode system further generates an electric field between one implanted electrode within one of the at least one pair of implanted electrodes and one implanted electrode within the other of the at least one pair of implanted electrodes.
18. An electrode system for a body, comprising:
an external signal source for emitting an electrical signal;
at least one implant electrode for implantation between bone and internal body tissue, the at least one implant electrode being connected to the external signal source to receive the electrical signal, wherein the at least one implant electrode is a sheet implant electrode; and
at least one external electrode located at least one location outside the body, the at least one external electrode being connected to the external signal source to receive the electrical signal to generate an electric field between the at least one implanted electrode and the at least one external electrode,
wherein the electrode system further generates an electric field between any two of the at least one implanted electrodes.
19. The electrode system of claim 18, wherein any of the at least one implanted electrode and a respective one of the at least one external body electrode are positioned opposite each other around the internal body tissue.
20. The electrode system of claim 18, wherein the connection between the at least one implanted electrode and the external signal source is achieved by wire or electromagnetic induction, and wherein the connection between the at least one external electrode and the external signal source is achieved by wire or electromagnetic induction, and the at least one external electrode is a sheet electrode.
21. An electrode system for a body, comprising:
an external signal source for emitting an electrical signal;
at least one first implant electrode for implantation at least one first location inside the body, the at least one first implant electrode being connected to the external signal source to receive the electrical signal, wherein the at least one first location is a focal location and the at least one first implant electrode is a stereoscopic implant electrode; and
at least one second electrode located at least one second location outside the body, the at least one second electrode being connected to the external signal source to receive the electrical signal,
wherein the at least one first implant electrode has a shape of any one of a sphere and a polyhedron,
wherein, after the at least one first implant electrode receives the electrical signal, an electric field is released at least one region on the surface of the at least one first implant electrode, the at least one region being insulated from other regions on the surface of the at least one first implant electrode,
wherein upon receipt of the electrical signals by the at least one first implanted electrode and the at least one second electrode, an electric field is generated between the at least one region on the surface of the at least one first implanted electrode and the at least one second electrode.
22. The electrode system of claim 21, wherein the connection between the at least one second electrode and the external signal source is achieved by wire or electromagnetic induction, and the at least one second electrode is a sheet electrode.
23. The electrode system of claim 21, wherein an electric field is generated between any two of the at least one second electrode after the at least one second electrode receives the electrical signal.
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