CN114224807B - 一种含皂角和苦杏仁的洗发水及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种含皂角和苦杏仁的洗发水及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种含皂角和苦杏仁的洗发水及其制备方法，属于洗发水技术领域。包括以下步骤：S1.中药组合物的处理；S2.中药提取物的制备；S3.发酵培养基的制备；S4.菌种种子液的制备；S5.发酵培养；S6.A液的制备；S7.B液的制备；S8.含皂角和苦杏仁的洗发水的制备。本发明制得的皂角和苦杏仁的洗发水通过枯草芽孢杆菌和巴氏醋杆菌发酵中药提取物技术，得到洗涤效果好，具有去屑、乌发、防脱发，促进头发再生、消炎、去垢、除油、止痒、消肿等功效的中药洗发水，能起到很好的洗发护发效果，具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及洗发水技术领域，具体涉及一种含皂角和苦杏仁的洗发水及其制备方法。
背景技术
现代人生活节奏快，生活作息不规律，极易造成头发干枯，导致头发干枯易折断，发尾出现分叉现象。此外大气污染的侵害、日晒、阳光中紫外线的伤害，化学物的伤害：如染发、烫发、热吹风等，长期睡眠不足和疲劳过度；吸烟过多，某些疾病的伤害：如贫血、低钾也可导致发质干枯。治疗发质干枯常采用中药内服、中药外敷、食膳疗法、推拿按摩等方法，洗发环节也较为重要。世界各大日化生产企业非常注重开发润发产品，具有保湿润发功能的洗发水产品多达上百种。洗发护发产品多以液体为主，国内外洗发护发固体产品比较少。
皂角，又名皂角树，是我国特有的苏木科皂荚属树种之一，生长旺盛，雌雄异株，雌树结荚(皂角)能力强。皂荚果是医药食品、保健品、化妆品及洗涤用品的天然原料；皂荚种子可消积化食开胃，并含有一种植物胶(瓜尔豆胶)是重要的战略原料；皂荚刺(皂针)内含黄酮甙、酚类、氨基酸，有很高的经济价值。皂角的化学成分主要是含皂荚皂甙B-重量份(重量份leditsiasaaponin B-重量份)、棕榈酸(palmitic acid)、硬酯酸、油酸、亚甾醇、谷甾醇、二十九碳烷(nonacosane)等。皂荚荚果中含有三萜类皂甙等天然活性成份皂荚素。皂荚皂甙是一种医药、食品和日常化工均有广泛应用前景的天然产物；皂荚果肉中含有丰富的皂荚素，常用其洗涤丝绸及贵重金属、用其清洗待镀金属。皂素对皮肤无刺激，对人体无害，其纯天然洗涤产品市场潜力巨大。据《本草纲目》记载：皂角去屑止痒、消肿祛毒。
苦杏仁为蔷薇科植物山杏，夏季采收成熟果实，除去果肉及核壳，取出种子，晒干。别名：杏仁。主治功能有降气止咳平喘，润肠通便。用于咳嗽气喘、胸满痰多、血虚津枯、肠燥便秘。但也是有毒的，多服则会中毒，少服则清热。苦杏仁呈扁心形，长1-1.9cm，宽0.8-1.5cm，厚0.5-0.8cm。表面黄棕色至深棕色，一端尖，另端钝圆，肥厚，左右不对称。尖端一侧有短线形种脐，圆端合点处向上具多数深棕色的脉纹。种皮薄，子叶2，乳白色，富油性。无臭，味苦。苦杏仁化学成分含苦杏仁甙(amy重量份dalin)约3％，脂肪油约50％，并含苦杏仁酶(emulsin)、苦杏仁甙酶(amy重量份dalase)、樱叶酶(prunase)、醇腈酶(oxynitrilase)，以及可溶性蛋白质。种子研碎后加水放置，苦杏仁甙受苦杏仁酶的作用，生成氢氰酸、苯甲醛和葡萄糖。苦杏仁毒性来自于苦杏仁甙水解释放出的氢氰酸。有文献报道对氢氰酸含量为0.1399％的苦杏仁，用60℃温水浸泡10分钟，捞出后脱皮晒干，氢氰酸含量就下降为0.0667％。
专利CN105154265A公开了一种洗发皂的制备方法：将侧柏叶提取液20-50份、迷迭香提取液5-20份、皂角提取液10-30份、薄荷提取液5-20份、首乌提取液5-20份、荨麻提取液5-20份混合加热，搅拌均匀得到植物提取液；然后将植物油20-90份加热至植物提取液的相同温度；将植物提取物与植物油混合，于55-80℃下加入氢氧化钠1-3份，搅拌5-40分钟后停止加热，倒入磨具，冷却至室温，即得洗发皂。
专利CN105238591A公开了一种防治脱发的洗发皂，其制备所需的原料按重量配比优选方案为：纯净水340克、氢氧化钠85克、橄榄油180克、榛果油170克、红花籽油250克、巴巴树油230克、天麻45克、羌活38克、女贞子40克、当归44克、旱莲草35克、黑芝麻36克、豨莶草45克、金樱子36克，该洗发皂特别选用多种具有强发，健发，滋养头皮功效的植物和中药与皂液混合制成一种防治脱发的洗发皂，不仅使手工皂的工艺领域得到了扩展，且在日常的洗发过程中，持续作用于头皮表层及滋养头皮，不仅清凉除油去屑，且还可起到有效防治脱发症状，强韧发根，滋养头皮促进头发生长的效果。
专利CN104814897A公开了一种天然洗发皂，它是由下述重量份的原料组成的：首乌1-2、山茶树油0.7-1、薄荷油0.2-0.5、芦荟提取液3-4、迷迭香提取物4-6、茶多酚0.4-1、老姜2-3、苦参0.5-1、柚皮苷0.6-2、丹参0.6-0.7、皂基5-15。该专利的洗发皂配方为纯天然乌发生发药物，抑制代谢酶，无毒，有香甜味，可以起到止痒、调节皮脂、生发护发乌发的作用。
专利CN105287353A公开了一种一种野生皂角防脱浓发洗发液及其生产方法，包括：皂角清洗沥干，破碎除籽，加去离子水逆循环热浸提取，得与皂角等重的皂角甙浓缩液；乌疗草、空心苋、松萝、小叶冬青、黄精、黄芩、灵芝各3份，旱莲草、苦参、蛇床子、土茯苓、当归、首乌各2份和红花0.2份，加入8-10倍的去离子水，一起加热煮沸5-10小时，浓缩到与苗药植物等重；皂角甙浓缩液30-40份和苗药植物浓缩液30-33份，加入其它辅料，去离子水补足100份，调节pH为5.5-6.5即得。该专利温和洗发、防脱固发、护发养发、无副作用、安全健康。
上述现有技术的洗发水将中药提取物直接加入洗发水中，由于提取物含有大量的果胶、纤维素、蛋白质等容易絮凝形成胶状物质，出现沉淀，影响美观和使用效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种含皂角和苦杏仁的洗发水及其制备方法，通过枯草芽孢杆菌和巴氏醋杆菌发酵中药提取物技术，得到洗涤效果好，具有去屑、乌发、防脱发，促进头发再生、消炎、去垢、除油、止痒、消肿等功效的中药洗发水，能起到很好的洗发护发效果，具有广阔的应用前景。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
本发明提供一种含皂角和苦杏仁的洗发水的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1.中药组合物的处理：将中药组合物分别洗净，干燥，粉碎后，得到中药粉；
S2.中药提取物的制备：将步骤S1制得的中药粉加入乙醇水溶液，加热至沸腾，提取，冷却至室温，加入皂角粉，浸泡后，过滤，浓缩，冷冻干燥，得到中药提取物；
S3.发酵培养基的制备：将碳源和中药提取物加入无菌水中，PBS溶液调节pH值，紫外线灭菌，备用；
S4.菌种种子液的制备：将枯草芽孢杆菌、巴氏醋杆菌分别接种到高氏培养基中，巴氏醋杆菌有氧培养，枯草芽孢杆菌无氧培养，分别培养成菌种种子液；
S5.发酵培养：将步骤S4制得的菌种种子液接种至步骤S3制得的发酵培养基中，发酵培养，过滤，发酵液冷冻干燥，得到活性物；
S6.A液的制备：在均质机中加入水、月桂基酰基丙基羟磺酸甜菜碱、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠，升温搅拌；然后加入复合表面活性剂，继续搅拌，得到A液；
S7.B液的制备：在均质机中加入聚二甲基硅氧烷共聚醇、烟酰胺、十六醇、步骤S5制得的活性物和水，升温搅拌，得到B液；
S8.含皂角和苦杏仁的洗发水的制备：将B液加入A液中，加入水、柠檬酸和鲸蜡硬脂醇聚醚-60肉豆蔻基甘醇调节粘度和pH值，室温搅拌，均质，得到含皂角和苦杏仁的洗发水。
作为本发明的进一步改进，步骤S1中所述中药组合物包括侧柏叶、桃枝、何首乌、苦杏仁，所述侧柏叶、桃枝、何首乌、苦杏仁的质量比为(2-5)：(1-2)：(2-3)：10。
作为本发明的进一步改进，步骤S2中所述乙醇水溶液中乙醇含量为35-50wt％，余量为水，所述中药粉和乙醇水溶液的固液比为1：(5-10)重量份/mL；所述皂角粉与苦杏仁的质量比为(3-5)：10；所述提取时间为2-4h。
作为本发明的进一步改进，步骤S3中所述碳源为单糖，选自葡萄糖、果糖、赤藓糖、苏力糖、阿拉伯糖、核糖、木糖、来苏糖、甘露糖、半乳糖中的至少一种；所述碳源、中药提取物和无菌水的质量比为(10-20)：(5-12)：70；所述pH值调节至6.8-7.2。
作为本发明的进一步改进，步骤S4中所述巴氏醋杆菌有氧培养的条件为温度为36-38℃，氧含量为22-30％，湿度为70-80％，培养时间为12-24h，枯草芽孢杆菌无氧培养的条件为温度为36-38℃，无氧环境，湿度为70-80％，培养时间为12-24h；所述菌种种子液的含菌量为108-109cfu/mL。
作为本发明的进一步改进，步骤S5中所述巴氏醋杆菌的接种量为2-4％；枯草芽孢杆菌的接种量为3-5％；所述发酵培养温度为36-38℃，时间为36-48h。
作为本发明的进一步改进，步骤S6中所述复合表面活性剂包括卡波姆和十二烷基硫酸钠，质量比为(5-10)：(2-4)。
作为本发明的进一步改进，步骤S8中所述粘度调节至25000-27000mPa·s，pH值调节至6.5-6.7；所述均质的转速为10000-12000r/min，时间为5-10min。
作为本发明的进一步改进，具体包括以下步骤：
S1.中药组合物的处理：将2-5重量份侧柏叶、1-2重量份桃枝、2-3重量份何首乌、10重量份苦杏仁分别洗净，干燥，粉碎后，得到中药粉；
S2.中药提取物的制备：将步骤S1制得的中药粉加入35-50wt％乙醇水溶液，固液比为1：(5-10)重量份/mL，加热至沸腾，提取2-4h，冷却至室温，加入3-5重量份皂角粉，浸泡1-2h后，过滤，浓缩，冷冻干燥，得到中药提取物；
S3.发酵培养基的制备：将10-20重量份碳源和5-12重量份中药提取物加入70重量份无菌水中，PBS溶液调节pH值至6.8-7.2，紫外线灭菌，备用；
S4.菌种种子液的制备：将枯草芽孢杆菌、巴氏醋杆菌分别接种到高氏培养基中，巴氏醋杆菌有氧培养，温度为36-38℃，氧含量为22-30％，湿度为70-80％，枯草芽孢杆菌无氧培养，温度为36-38℃，无氧环境，湿度为70-80％，培养时间为12-24h，分别培养成菌种种子液，含菌量为108-109cfu/mL；
S5.发酵培养：将步骤S4制得的菌种种子液接种至步骤S3制得的发酵培养基中，巴氏醋杆菌的接种量为2-4％；枯草芽孢杆菌的接种量为3-5％；36-38℃发酵培养36-48h，过滤，发酵液冷冻干燥，得到活性物；
S6.A液的制备：在均质机中加入100重量份水、5-10重量份月桂基酰基丙基羟磺酸甜菜碱、3-5重量份脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠，升温至50-60℃，搅拌10-15min；然后加入2-6重量份复合表面活性剂，继续搅拌10-15min，得到A液；复合表面活性剂包括卡波姆和十二烷基硫酸钠，质量比为(5-10)：(2-4)；
S7.B液的制备：在均质机中加入2-5重量份聚二甲基硅氧烷共聚醇、1-2重量份烟酰胺、2-4重量份十六醇、5-12重量份步骤S5制得的活性物和100重量份水，升温至55-65℃搅拌10-15min，得到B液；
S8.含皂角和苦杏仁的洗发水的制备：将100重量份B液加入100重量份A液中，加入水、柠檬酸和鲸蜡硬脂醇聚醚-60肉豆蔻基甘醇调节粘度至25000-27000mPa·s，调节pH值至6.5-6.7，室温搅拌10-15min后，10000-12000r/min均质5-10min，得到含皂角和苦杏仁的洗发水。
本发明进一步保护一种上述的制备方法制得的含皂角和苦杏仁的洗发水。
本发明具有如下有益效果：本发明中药提取物添加皂角还可滋养发质，使头发乌黑润泽，侧柏叶可以防治脱发，乌发，桃枝可以去屑防脱，何首乌具有较好的乌发护发效果，苦杏仁能很好地护发止痒，该中药提取物经过发酵后，加入洗发水中，给头皮补充营养，去屑、乌发、防脱发，促进头发再生、消炎、去垢、除油、止痒、消肿等，主要功能是帮助改善受损的发质和头皮问题。中药提取物直接加入洗发水中时，其含有大量的果胶、纤维素、蛋白质等容易絮凝形成胶状物质，出现沉淀，影响美观、使用效果，通过本发明枯草芽孢杆菌和巴氏醋杆菌发酵分泌的蛋白酶、脂肪酶、纤维素酶、果胶酶等，可以将这类物质降解成水溶性小分子，提高洗发水的洗涤效果；另外，巴氏醋杆菌将葡萄糖发酵成葡萄糖酸，还具有较好的抑菌杀菌、止痒消炎的效果；
复合表面活性剂中，十二烷基硫酸钠利用其较弱的还原性，能够收敛毛发的鳞片，清洁洗净头发，形成较好香波泡沫；卡波姆可以辅助清洁头发，同时可降低刺激性，改善香波外观，保护头皮健康；
本发明制得的皂角和苦杏仁的洗发水通过枯草芽孢杆菌和巴氏醋杆菌发酵中药提取物技术，得到洗涤效果好，具有去屑、乌发、防脱发，促进头发再生、消炎、去垢、除油、止痒、消肿等功效的中药洗发水，能起到很好的洗发护发效果，具有广阔的应用前景。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种含皂角和苦杏仁的洗发水的制备方法，具体包括以下步骤：
S1.中药组合物的处理：将2重量份侧柏叶、1重量份桃枝、2重量份何首乌、10重量份苦杏仁分别洗净，70℃干燥2h，粉碎后，得到中药粉；
S2.中药提取物的制备：将10重量份步骤S1制得的中药粉加入50L 35wt％乙醇水溶液，加热至沸腾，提取2h，冷却至室温，加入3重量份皂角粉，浸泡1h后，过滤，70℃，0.05MPa下浓缩至密度为2重量份/cm3，冷冻干燥，得到中药提取物；
S3.发酵培养基的制备：将8重量份葡萄糖、2重量份阿拉伯糖和5重量份中药提取物加入70重量份无菌水中，PBS溶液调节pH至6.8，紫外线灭菌，备用；
S4.菌种种子液的制备：将枯草芽孢杆菌、巴氏醋杆菌分别接种到高氏培养基中，巴氏醋杆菌有氧培养，温度为36℃，氧含量为22％，湿度为70％，枯草芽孢杆菌无氧培养，温度为36℃，无氧环境，湿度为70％，培养时间为12h，分别培养成菌种种子液，含菌量为108cfu/mL；
S5.发酵培养：将步骤S4制得的菌种种子液接种至步骤S3制得的发酵培养基中，巴氏醋杆菌的接种量为2％；枯草芽孢杆菌的接种量为3％；36℃发酵培养36h，过滤，发酵液冷冻干燥，得到活性物；
S6.A液的制备：在均质机中加入100重量份水、5重量份月桂基酰基丙基羟磺酸甜菜碱、3重量份脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠，升温至50℃，搅拌10min；然后加入2重量份复合表面活性剂，继续搅拌10min，得到A液；复合表面活性剂包括卡波姆和十二烷基硫酸钠，质量比为5：4；
S7.B液的制备：在均质机中加入2重量份聚二甲基硅氧烷共聚醇、1重量份烟酰胺、2重量份十六醇、5重量份步骤S5制得的活性物和100重量份水，升温至55℃搅拌10min，得到B液；
S8.含皂角和苦杏仁的洗发水的制备：将100重量份B液加入100重量份A液中，加入水、柠檬酸和鲸蜡硬脂醇聚醚-60肉豆蔻基甘醇调节粘度至25000mPa·s，调节pH值至6.5，室温搅拌10min后，10000r/min均质5min，得到含皂角和苦杏仁的洗发水。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种含皂角和苦杏仁的洗发水的制备方法，具体包括以下步骤：
S1.中药组合物的处理：将5重量份侧柏叶、2重量份桃枝、3重量份何首乌、10重量份苦杏仁分别洗净，70℃干燥2h，粉碎后，得到中药粉；
S2.中药提取物的制备：将10重量份步骤S1制得的中药粉加入100L 35-50wt％乙醇水溶液，加热至沸腾，提取4h，冷却至室温，加入5重量份皂角粉，浸泡2h后，过滤，70℃，0.05MPa下浓缩至密度为3重量份/cm3，冷冻干燥，得到中药提取物；
S3.发酵培养基的制备：将15重量份葡萄糖、5重量份半乳糖和12重量份中药提取物加入70重量份无菌水中，PBS溶液调节pH至7.2，紫外线灭菌，备用；
S4.菌种种子液的制备：将枯草芽孢杆菌、巴氏醋杆菌分别接种到高氏培养基中，巴氏醋杆菌有氧培养，温度为38℃，氧含量为30％，湿度为80％，枯草芽孢杆菌无氧培养，温度为38℃，无氧环境，湿度为80％，培养时间为24h，分别培养成菌种种子液，含菌量为109cfu/mL；
S5.发酵培养：将步骤S4制得的菌种种子液接种至步骤S3制得的发酵培养基中，巴氏醋杆菌的接种量为4％；枯草芽孢杆菌的接种量为5％；38℃发酵培养48h，过滤，发酵液冷冻干燥，得到活性物；
S6.A液的制备：在均质机中加入100重量份水、10重量份月桂基酰基丙基羟磺酸甜菜碱、5重量份脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠，升温至60℃，搅拌15min；然后加入6重量份复合表面活性剂，继续搅拌15min，得到A液；复合表面活性剂包括卡波姆和十二烷基硫酸钠，质量比为10：2；
S7.B液的制备：在均质机中加入5重量份聚二甲基硅氧烷共聚醇、2重量份烟酰胺、4重量份十六醇、12重量份步骤S5制得的活性物和100重量份水，升温至65℃搅拌15min，得到B液；
S8.含皂角和苦杏仁的洗发水的制备：将100重量份B液加入100重量份A液中，加入水、柠檬酸和鲸蜡硬脂醇聚醚-60肉豆蔻基甘醇调节粘度至27000mPa·s，调节pH值至6.7，室温搅拌15min后，12000r/min均质10min，得到含皂角和苦杏仁的洗发水。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种含皂角和苦杏仁的洗发水的制备方法，具体包括以下步骤：
S1.中药组合物的处理：将3.5重量份侧柏叶、1.5重量份桃枝、2.5重量份何首乌、10重量份苦杏仁分别洗净，70℃干燥2h，粉碎后，得到中药粉；
S2.中药提取物的制备：将10重量份步骤S1制得的中药粉加入70L 42wt％乙醇水溶液，固液比为1：7重量份/mL，加热至沸腾，提取3h，冷却至室温，加入4重量份皂角粉，浸泡1.5h后，过滤，70℃，0.05MPa下浓缩至密度为2.5重量份/cm3，冷冻干燥，得到中药提取物；
S3.发酵培养基的制备：将15重量份葡萄糖和8重量份中药提取物加入70重量份无菌水中，PBS溶液调节pH至7，紫外线灭菌，备用；
S4.菌种种子液的制备：将枯草芽孢杆菌、巴氏醋杆菌分别接种到高氏培养基中，巴氏醋杆菌有氧培养，温度为37℃，氧含量为26％，湿度为75％，枯草芽孢杆菌无氧培养，温度为37℃，无氧环境，湿度为75％，培养时间为18h，分别培养成菌种种子液，含菌量为109cfu/mL；
S5.发酵培养：将步骤S4制得的菌种种子液接种至步骤S3制得的发酵培养基中，巴氏醋杆菌的接种量为3％；枯草芽孢杆菌的接种量为4％；37℃发酵培养42h，过滤，发酵液冷冻干燥，得到活性物；
S6.A液的制备：在均质机中加入100重量份水、7重量份月桂基酰基丙基羟磺酸甜菜碱、4重量份脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠，升温至55℃，搅拌12min；然后加入4重量份复合表面活性剂，继续搅拌12min，得到A液；复合表面活性剂包括卡波姆和十二烷基硫酸钠，质量比为7：3；
S7.B液的制备：在均质机中加入3.5重量份聚二甲基硅氧烷共聚醇、1.5重量份烟酰胺、3重量份十六醇、7重量份步骤S5制得的活性物和100重量份水，升温至60℃搅拌12min，得到B液；
S8.含皂角和苦杏仁的洗发水的制备：将100重量份B液加入100重量份A液中，加入水、柠檬酸和鲸蜡硬脂醇聚醚-60肉豆蔻基甘醇调节粘度至26000mPa·s，调节pH值至6.6，室温搅拌12min后，11000r/min均质7min，得到含皂角和苦杏仁的洗发水。
实施例4
与实施例3相比，表面活性剂为卡波姆，其他条件均不改变。
实施例5
与实施例3相比，表面活性剂为十二烷基硫酸钠，其他条件均不改变。
对比例1
与实施例3相比，未添加枯草芽孢杆菌，巴氏醋杆菌的接种量7％，其他条件均不改变。
对比例2
与实施例3相比，未添加巴氏醋杆菌，枯草芽孢杆菌的接种量7％，其他条件均不改变。
对比例3
与实施例3相比，未添加皂角粉，其他条件均不改变。
对比例4
与实施例3相比，未添加苦杏仁，其他条件均不改变。
测试例1
将本发明实施例1-5和对比例1-4制得的含皂角和苦杏仁的洗发水进行性能测试，结果见表1。
洗发水的泡沫测试，依照重量份B/T13173.6-2000洗涤剂发泡力测定，使用拉力测试仪测湿发梳理性；45℃，静置3个月无分层视为稳定。
表1
由上表可知，本发明实施例1-3制得的含皂角和苦杏仁的洗发水具有极好的起泡效果，较低的梳理力，发质丝滑，洗护效果好。
实施例4、5采用单一成分的表面活性剂，卡波姆或十二烷基硫酸钠，而不是复合的表面活性剂，相对于实施例1-3，泡沫高度下降，梳理力提高，说明卡波姆或十二烷基硫酸钠有一定的协同复配的作用，十二烷基硫酸钠利用其较弱的还原性，能够收敛毛发的鳞片，清洁洗净头发，形成较好香波泡沫；卡波姆可以辅助清洁头发，同时可降低刺激性，改善香波外观，保护头皮健康。
对比例1、2与实施例3相比，采用单一的枯草芽孢杆菌或巴氏醋杆菌，稳定性变差，本发明中药提取物直接加入洗发水中时，其含有大量的果胶、纤维素、蛋白质等容易絮凝形成胶状物质，出现沉淀，影响美观、使用效果，通过本发明枯草芽孢杆菌和巴氏醋杆菌发酵分泌的蛋白酶、脂肪酶、纤维素酶、果胶酶等，可以将这类物质降解成水溶性小分子，提高洗发水的洗涤效果；另外，巴氏醋杆菌将葡萄糖发酵成葡萄糖酸，还具有较好的抑菌杀菌、止痒消炎的效果。说明枯草芽孢杆菌或巴氏醋杆菌作为发酵的菌种，也存在一定的协同作用。
对比例3与实施例3相比，未添加皂角粉，其泡沫高度下降，本发明中药提取物添加皂角还可滋养发质，使头发乌黑润泽，提高洗发水起泡效果。对比例4与实施例3相比，未添加苦杏仁，梳理力提高，苦杏仁能很好地护发止痒，柔顺头发。本发明添加中药提取物经过发酵后，加入洗发水中，给头皮补充营养，去屑、乌发、防脱发，促进头发再生、消炎、去垢、除油、止痒、消肿等，主要功能是帮助改善受损的发质和头皮问题。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种含皂角和苦杏仁的洗发水的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1.中药组合物的处理：将中药组合物分别洗净，干燥，粉碎后，得到中药粉；
S2.中药提取物的制备：将步骤S1制得的中药粉加入乙醇水溶液，加热至沸腾，提取，冷却至室温，加入皂角粉，浸泡后，过滤，浓缩，冷冻干燥，得到中药提取物；
S3.发酵培养基的制备：将碳源和中药提取物加入无菌水中，PBS溶液调节pH值，紫外线灭菌，备用；
S4.菌种种子液的制备：将枯草芽孢杆菌、巴氏醋杆菌分别接种到高氏培养基中，巴氏醋杆菌有氧培养，枯草芽孢杆菌无氧培养，分别培养成菌种种子液；
S5.发酵培养：将步骤S4制得的菌种种子液接种至步骤S3制得的发酵培养基中，发酵培养，过滤，发酵液冷冻干燥，得到活性物；
S6.A液的制备：在均质机中加入水、月桂基酰基丙基羟磺酸甜菜碱、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠，升温搅拌；然后加入复合表面活性剂，继续搅拌，得到A液；
S7.B液的制备：在均质机中加入聚二甲基硅氧烷共聚醇、烟酰胺、十六醇、步骤S5制得的活性物和水，升温搅拌，得到B液；
S8.含皂角和苦杏仁的洗发水的制备：将B液加入A液中，加入水、柠檬酸和鲸蜡硬脂醇聚醚-60肉豆蔻基甘醇调节粘度和pH值，室温搅拌，均质，得到含皂角和苦杏仁的洗发水；
步骤S1中所述中药组合物包括侧柏叶、桃枝、何首乌、苦杏仁，所述侧柏叶、桃枝、何首乌、苦杏仁的质量比为（2-5）：（1-2）：（2-3）：10；
步骤S6中所述复合表面活性剂为卡波姆和十二烷基硫酸钠，质量比为（5-10）：（2-4）。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S2中所述乙醇水溶液中乙醇含量为35-50wt%，余量为水，所述中药粉和乙醇水溶液的固液比为1：（5-10）重量份/mL；所述皂角粉与苦杏仁的质量比为（3-5）：10；所述提取时间为2-4h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S3中所述碳源为单糖，选自葡萄糖、果糖、赤藓糖、苏力糖、阿拉伯糖、核糖、木糖、来苏糖、甘露糖、半乳糖中的至少一种；所述碳源、中药提取物和无菌水的质量比为（10-20）：（5-12）：70；所述pH值调节至6.8-7.2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S4中所述巴氏醋杆菌有氧培养的条件为温度为36-38℃，氧含量为22-30%，湿度为70-80%，培养时间为12-24h，枯草芽孢杆菌无氧培养的条件为温度为36-38℃，无氧环境，湿度为70-80%，培养时间为12-24h；所述菌种种子液的含菌量为108-109cfu/mL。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S5中所述巴氏醋杆菌的接种量为2-4%；枯草芽孢杆菌的接种量为3-5%；所述发酵培养温度为36-38℃，时间为36-48h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S8中所述粘度调节至25000-27000mPa×s，pH值调节至6.5-6.7；所述均质的转速为10000-12000r/min，时间为5-10min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，具体包括以下步骤：
S1.中药组合物的处理：将2-5重量份侧柏叶、1-2重量份桃枝、2-3重量份何首乌、10重量份苦杏仁分别洗净，干燥，粉碎后，得到中药粉；
S2.中药提取物的制备：将步骤S1制得的中药粉加入35-50wt%乙醇水溶液，固液比为1：（5-10）重量份/mL，加热至沸腾，提取2-4h，冷却至室温，加入3-5重量份皂角粉，浸泡1-2h后，过滤，浓缩，冷冻干燥，得到中药提取物；
S3.发酵培养基的制备：将10-20重量份碳源和5-12重量份中药提取物加入70重量份无菌水中，PBS溶液调节pH值至6.8-7.2，紫外线灭菌，备用；
S4.菌种种子液的制备：将枯草芽孢杆菌、巴氏醋杆菌分别接种到高氏培养基中，巴氏醋杆菌有氧培养，温度为36-38℃，氧含量为22-30%，湿度为70-80%，枯草芽孢杆菌无氧培养，温度为36-38℃，无氧环境，湿度为70-80%，培养时间为12-24h，分别培养成菌种种子液，含菌量为108-109cfu/mL；
S5.发酵培养：将步骤S4制得的菌种种子液接种至步骤S3制得的发酵培养基中，巴氏醋杆菌的接种量为2-4%；枯草芽孢杆菌的接种量为3-5%；36-38℃发酵培养36-48h，过滤，发酵液冷冻干燥，得到活性物；
S6.A液的制备：在均质机中加入100重量份水、5-10重量份月桂基酰基丙基羟磺酸甜菜碱、3-5重量份脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠，升温至50-60℃，搅拌10-15min；然后加入2-6重量份复合表面活性剂，继续搅拌10-15min，得到A液；复合表面活性剂为卡波姆和十二烷基硫酸钠，质量比为（5-10）：（2-4）；
S7.B液的制备：在均质机中加入2-5重量份聚二甲基硅氧烷共聚醇、1-2重量份烟酰胺、2-4重量份十六醇、5-12重量份步骤S5制得的活性物和100重量份水，升温至55-65℃搅拌10-15min，得到B液；
S8.含皂角和苦杏仁的洗发水的制备：将100重量份B液加入100重量份A液中，加入水、柠檬酸和鲸蜡硬脂醇聚醚-60肉豆蔻基甘醇调节粘度至25000-27000mPa×s，调节pH值至6.5-6.7，室温搅拌10-15min后，10000-12000r/min均质5-10min，得到含皂角和苦杏仁的洗发水。
8.一种如权利要求1-7任一项所述的制备方法制得的含皂角和苦杏仁的洗发水。
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