CN114223788A - 一种有效去除宠物体内毛球的复合酶制剂及其应用 - Google Patents
一种有效去除宠物体内毛球的复合酶制剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114223788A CN114223788A CN202111635436.4A CN202111635436A CN114223788A CN 114223788 A CN114223788 A CN 114223788A CN 202111635436 A CN202111635436 A CN 202111635436A CN 114223788 A CN114223788 A CN 114223788A
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- enzyme preparation
- complex enzyme
- hair
- vitamin
- zinc
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Abstract
一种有效去除宠物体内毛球的复合酶制剂及应用，其成分按重量百分比包括：角蛋白酶5～80％、菠萝蛋白酶3～50％、木瓜蛋白酶1～30％、稳定剂1～5％，载体10～60％，通过角蛋白酶、菠萝蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、稳定剂的复合添加，解决直接将角蛋白酶在酸性条件下用于降解羽毛、羊毛、角质、人发、指甲等高度稳定硬角蛋白的局限性。利用本发明所述复合酶制剂可以在动物体内实现毛球彻底化解，减少胃肠道内毛球堆积，有效预防或减少呕吐等毛球症的发生，同时起到促进营养的消化吸收，减少腹泻、便秘等症状的发生。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于宠物健康技术领域，具体涉及一种有效去除宠物体内毛球的复合酶制剂及其应用。
背景技术
随着人民生活水平的提高，精神方面的陪伴需求也越来越高，家庭养宠已经成为越来越多都市人生活的一部分，家庭对养宠观念已经有很大转变，向“家人”、“孩子”等情感陪伴角色转变，与2019年相比，养宠人群将宠物视为孩子及亲人的比例大幅增长。尤其2019年爆发的新冠疫情作为新常态可能长期伴随人类，刺激了人们养宠的心理，宠物家庭饲养率逐步提升，根据宠物白皮书调查显示，2020年中国城镇宠物(犬猫)消费市场规模达到2065亿，养宠消费稳中有升。犬猫数量超过1亿只，相比2019年增长1.7％，其中猫只数为4862万只，比2019年增长10.2％，增幅更大，“猫经济”大行其道。
但是，2020年宠物健康状况较2019年有所下降，“宠物看病贵看病难”上升成最大的养宠痛点。主人对宠物健康状况的关注度也越来越高。
“舔毛”是宠物常见的一种梳理行为，尤其像猫这种舌头上有倒刺的宠物，更容易将毛发舔进体内，猫平均每天有30-50％的时间用于舔毛，据研究，家养的短毛猫，一年当中平均脱落猫毛重量与体重比例为 28.1g/kg，而其中脱落的猫毛2/3会被摄入体内(Ducommun,1993)。
毛发进入胃肠道内会和粘液、水、食物颗粒、矿物盐等混合结团形成毛球，在体内堆积会出现呕吐、腹泻、便秘，严重的会出现肠梗阻等毛球症，需要通过外科手术取出，尤其一些胃肠道脆弱的长毛小宠如兔子，如不进行手术，就会危及生命。另外，毛球症也会伴随胃肠道功能的减弱，阻碍营养的消化吸收，出现营养不良，消化问题导致的口臭等口腔异味，进一步出现精神萎靡，食欲不振。
随着宠物胃肠亚健康问题越来越多，毛球症也随之成了威胁宠物寿命的一大祸首。为了预防或治疗毛球症，宠物主人需要勤梳毛，防止毛发打结可减少毛发摄入量。也可以给爱宠喂食一些去毛球的产品。
现有的宠物去毛球产品主要是通过催吐的方式，刺激胃部，将胃内毛球吐出来；或者在产品中添加大量的矿物油脂来润滑肠道，添加大量的膳食纤维促进肠道蠕动，增加物质快速通过动物肠道而排泻，从而促进毛球排出；这样的产品会对宠物肠道有刺激，同时也会导致营养流失，出现抗营养问题。且以上这些去毛球产品也不适用于胃肠功能比较脆弱的宠物食用。
中国专利CN107373095A公开了“一种宠物化毛膏及其制备方法”，中国专利CN108936026A公开的“一种猫用化毛膏”，以及中国专利 CN109673861A公开的“一种猫用藻菌类营养化毛膏及其制备方法”，以上专利公开的化毛膏，均是通过结合油脂润滑肠道与植物纤维促进肠道蠕动排出毛发，存在过量油脂摄入造成胃肠道刺激、造成消化负担等问题，不能长期食用。
中国专利CN113575790A公开了“一种去毛球减少炎症猫粮及其制备方法”，主要通过添加全麦面粉、大豆粉及猪油来排出毛球，过量的油脂淀粉对猫咪胃肠有刺激，会产生消化负担。
研究已经表明，毛球中的毛发主要是角质蛋白组成(尤其硬角蛋白)，角质蛋白含量高达90％，由于角质蛋白分子间富含二硫键及疏水氨基酸，交联度很大，化学结构稳定，有较高的机械强度，不容易被降解利用，不能被常见的蛋白酶如胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶等接触水解。
角蛋白酶是一种可专一降解角质蛋白的蛋白酶类，角蛋白酶可由多种微生物产生，具有二硫键还原酶和多肽水解酶的活性，能特异地降解角蛋白，作用于角蛋白中的二硫键，可以降解羽毛、羊毛、角质、人发、指甲等高度稳定的硬角蛋白，角蛋白酶在食品、药品、清洁及皮毛加工领域都有广泛的应用，目前在角质废弃物的降解和循环利用中也已有研究与应用。
但是目前关于使用角蛋白酶降解角质蛋白最适pH值为中性或碱性，由于动物胃部环境呈酸性，直接将角蛋白酶用于去除动物体内毛球存在一定局限性。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种有效去除宠物体内毛球的复合酶制剂，在动物体内实现毛球彻底化解，减少胃肠道内毛球堆积，有效预防或减少呕吐等毛球症的发生，同时起到促进营养的消化吸收，减少腹泻、便秘等症状的发生。
为了达到上述目的，本发明提供的技术方案如下：
一种有效去除宠物体内毛球的复合酶制剂，其成分按重量百分比包括：角蛋白酶5～80％、菠萝蛋白酶3～50％、木瓜蛋白酶1～30％、稳定剂 1～5％，载体10～60％。
优选的，所述稳定剂为维生素C、焦亚硫酸钠、碳酸盐、磷酸盐中的一种或多种。
优选的，所述复合酶制剂还包括胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶、β-半乳糖苷酶、果胶酶、植酸酶、木聚糖酶中的一种或几种。
优选的，所述载体为肉类及其制品、糊精、玉米淀粉、二氧化硅中的一种或几种。
本发明所述复合酶制剂可以制成各种形式的粉剂、膏剂、片剂、颗粒剂。
一种包含所述复合酶制剂的预混料，其特征在于，包括所述复合酶制剂，还包括植物膳食纤维、益生菌、有机锌、维生素、欧米茄3或欧米茄 6系列脂肪酸中的一种或几种。
优选的，所述植物膳食纤维为大麦苗粉、车前子壳粉、果寡糖，甘露寡糖、低聚半乳糖、菊糖、低聚木糖中的一种或几种。
优选的，所述益生菌为两歧双歧杆菌、动物双歧杆菌、粪肠球菌、屎肠球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、发酵乳杆菌、乳酸片球菌、酵母菌中的一种或几种。
优选的，所述有机锌为蛋白锌、蛋氨酸锌络合物、赖氨酸锌络合物、氨基酸锌络合物、甘氨酸锌、乳酸锌、葡萄糖酸锌中的一种或几种。
优选的，所述维生素为维生素A、维生素D3、维生素B1、维生素B3、维生素B5、维生素B6、维生素B7、维生素B9、维生素B12、维生素K 中的一种或几种。
本发明中将角蛋白酶和菠萝蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶复配组合使用，并进一步添加酶活稳定剂，提高其耐胃酸能力，可以将其直接饲喂宠物，用于降解宠物体内的毛球，真正彻底化解宠物体内毛发，减少胃肠道内毛球堆积，减少呕吐，预防并缓解毛球症的发生。
菠萝蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶是目前国内能够大规模生产的仅有的两种植物蛋白酶，广泛应用于医药行业、食品工业的啤酒澄清、肉类嫩化和水解蛋白的生产。植物蛋白酶主要含有两种活性基团，一种是PH值7.0以下的优化活性巯基，一种是PH7.0以上的优化活性基团，具有从酸性到碱性不等的最适pH值，在胃中可以发挥较强的酶活稳定性。
将角蛋白酶与菠萝蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶混合，结合焦亚硫酸钠等保证酶活能有效发挥的稳定剂，在宠物胃肠道酸碱性环境下，菠萝蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶可以软化角质蛋白、肌肉蛋白和肌肉组织以及结蹄组织中的胶原蛋白，角蛋白酶可以降解毛发中的硬角质蛋白，令堆积在胃肠道内的毛球彻底降解消化，且化解过程温和舒适，对胃肠道没有任何刺激，减少宠物呕吐和频繁的干呕。
本发明在所述复合酶制剂的基础上，额外添加植物膳食纤维、益生菌、有机锌、维生素、欧米茄3或欧米茄6系列脂肪酸中的一种或几种，获得预混料，这种预混料不仅能够化解宠物体内的毛球，还具有美毛、健肤的作用，促进宠物皮毛的健康，减少宠物的舔毛行为，从源头减少宠物体内的毛球形成。
本发明选用的益生菌等护肠胃因子，帮助肠道消化吸收，调节肠道菌群平衡，有效针对胃肠道亚健康，帮助修护胃肠功能，加强肠道保护屏障。
本发明选用的维生素、有机锌、欧米茄3/6脂肪酸等宠物所必需的美毛健肤营养素，促进皮毛健康，从源头减少宠物体内毛球的形成。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明采用角蛋白酶和菠萝蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶复配使用，并添加酶活稳定剂，提高其耐胃酸能力，可以将其直接饲喂宠物，用于降解宠物体内的毛球，真正彻底化解宠物体内毛球，减少胃肠道内毛球堆积，减少呕吐，预防并缓解毛球症的发生。解决现有角蛋白酶无法直接在酸性条件下降解角质蛋白的缺陷。
本发明所述的复合酶制剂成分天然安全，对肠道无刺激，不会造成任何消化负担，宠物可以每天食用，有效预防并缓解毛球症。
包含本发明所述复合酶制剂的预混料，添加植物膳食纤维、益生菌、有机锌、维生素、欧米茄3或欧米茄6系列脂肪酸中的一种或几种，促进宠物皮毛的健康，减少宠物的舔毛行为，从源头减少宠物体内的毛球形成。
本发明所述对宠物有化毛球作用的复合酶制剂配方应用广泛，可用于所有帮助宠物去毛球的各种剂型食品中，如常见的化毛膏、猫草片、化毛球片、具备化毛球功能的粮食等。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1实验组及对照组试验前后毛发分解照片对比。
图2为本发明实施例2实验组及对照组试验前后毛发分解照片对比。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
一种有效去除宠物体内毛球的复合酶制剂A，其成分按重量百分比包括：角蛋白酶50％、菠萝蛋白酶10％、木瓜蛋白酶18％、焦亚硫酸钠2％、碳酸氢钠0.2％、二氧化硅19.8％。
对照复合酶制剂B及其组成，按照重量百分比包括：角蛋白酶50％、菠萝蛋白酶10％、木瓜蛋白酶18％、二氧化硅22％。
体外模拟宠物胃肠道降解毛发试验：
试验材料：猫咪毛发，复合酶制剂A，对照复合酶制剂B，Tris缓冲液PH＝3(胃液)，Tris缓冲液PH＝7(小肠液)；培养皿、水浴恒温振荡器；
试验处理：分别取0.1g的毛发放置于培养皿中，向培养皿中加入等量的胃液，浸泡2h；之后，分别向培养皿中添加本发明所述复合酶制剂A 和对照复合酶制剂B，然后在40℃，60r/min转速反应2h；PH调至7(小肠反应环境)，再加入20ml小肠反应液，继续反应2h，观察毛发分解状况。
反应前后毛发分解状况参见图1；
从图1上可以看出，利用本所述复合酶制剂A处理后，毛发得到了完全分解，而对照组添加对照复合酶制剂B后，毛发完全没有被分解，并且由于反应条件作用，毛发发生聚集。
实施例2
一种有效去除宠物体内毛球的复合酶制剂，其成分按重量百分比包括：角蛋白酶50％、菠萝蛋白酶10％、木瓜蛋白酶18％、胃蛋白酶5％、焦亚硫酸钠2％、碳酸氢钠0.2％、玉米淀粉14.8％。
对照复合酶制剂：按照重量百分比包括：菠萝蛋白酶60％、木瓜蛋白酶18％、胃蛋白酶5％、焦亚硫酸钠2％、碳酸氢钠0.2％、玉米淀粉19.8％。
体外模拟宠物胃肠道降解毛发试验：
试验材料：猫咪毛发，本发明复合酶制剂，对照复合酶制剂，Tris缓冲液PH＝3(胃液)，Tris缓冲液PH＝7(小肠液)，培养皿，水浴恒温振荡器；
试验处理：分别取0.1g的毛发放置于培养皿中，向培养皿中加入等量的胃液，浸泡2h；之后，分别向培养皿中添加本发明复合酶制剂和对照复合酶制剂，然后在40℃，60r/min转速反应2h；PH调至7(小肠反应环境)，再加入20ml小肠反应液，继续反应2h，观察毛发分解状况。
反应前后毛发分解状况参见图1；
从图2上可以看出，利用本发明复合酶制剂处理后，毛发得到了完全分解，而对照组添加对照复合酶制剂后，毛发完全没有被分解，并且由于反应条件作用，毛发发生聚集。
实施例3
宠物饲喂观察试验
试验处理：选用15只患有毛球症的长毛猫，分为三组(实验组，对照组1，对照组2)，每组各5只，保证饲喂同样的猫粮，自由饮水，自由采食，每天保持猫舍环境卫生干净，猫粮中加入一定比例的试验复合酶制剂(按照猫粮的5％添加)，试验观察期30天，每天记录呕吐次数，呕吐猫只数，观察粪便颜色和软硬度，观察进食状况，闻口腔是否有异味，观察行为变化。
实验组及对照组添加复合酶制剂的组成见表1，实验前后实验组及对照组长毛猫的症状见表2。
从表2可以看出，实验组中添加本发明所述复合酶制剂，长毛猫的毛球症状得到明显改善，未见呕吐或吐毛现象，食欲也恢复正常。
对照组1中的长毛猫在试验后其胃肠道消化功能略有改善，但毛球症状仍然存在。
对照组2中长毛猫的毛球症状略微得到改善，呕吐次数由原来的平均每周2-4次减少到前两周1-2次，胃肠消化功能也得到明显改善，便便中毛发减少。但是毛球症状改善效果并没有试验组的好。
实施例4
将上述包含所述复合酶制剂的预混料与肉类及其制品进行调制获得一种化毛球片作为试验组。
试验处理及喂食方法：选用12只患有轻微毛球症的短毛猫，分为2 组，每组各6只。第一组(对照组)饲喂市售的化毛球片(每天早晚各喂一次，按照商家推荐量)，第二组(试验组)饲喂本发明制得的化毛球片 (每天早晚各喂一次，4片/次)，自由采食猫粮，自由饮水，试验观察期 30天，每天记录呕吐次数，呕吐猫只数，观察粪便颜色和软硬度，观察进食状况，闻口腔是否有异味，观察行为变化。
饲喂前短毛猫症状：有轻微皮肤炎症，40％时间用于舔毛；呕吐次数 2-3次/月，呕吐物有毛/频繁干呕；便便偏硬偏干，便便中偶见大量毛发；食欲减退，有口臭。
饲喂后对照组短毛猫症状：皮肤炎症扩散，40％时间用于舔毛；呕吐次数2-3次/月，呕吐物有毛，有干呕；有便软，疑似轻微腹泻，便中偶见大量毛发；食欲减退，口腔异味。
饲喂后试验组短毛猫症状：皮肤炎症减轻，毛发有光泽，30％时间用于舔毛；第一周内有吐毛，后期未发现吐毛或干呕；便便软硬适中，便中未见毛发，食欲恢复，口气清新。
本实施例中，根据饲喂前后短毛猫的症状可以看出，对照组短毛猫饲喂化毛球片后毛球症得到了缓解，但其是通过刺激肠道蠕动，来排除猫体内毛球，出现了胃肠道功能减弱，出现营养不良，消化问题导致的口臭等口腔异味。
饲喂含有本发明所述复合酶制剂的毛球片后，短毛猫的毛球症得到了明显缓解，便便中也未出现大量毛发，证明在猫体内毛球已经被完全降解，且，食物也被充分消化，宠物毛发也变的有光泽，改善了皮毛健康，也没有出现食欲不振的情况。
Claims (10)
1.一种有效去除宠物体内毛球的复合酶制剂，其成分按重量百分比包括：角蛋白酶5～80％、菠萝蛋白酶3～50％、木瓜蛋白酶1～30％、稳定剂1～5％，载体10～60％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的有效去除宠物体内毛球的复合酶制剂，其特征在于，所述稳定剂为维生素C、焦亚硫酸钠、碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、磷酸盐、磷酸氢盐中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的有效去除宠物体内毛球的复合酶制剂，其特征在于，所述复合酶制剂还包括胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶、β-半乳糖苷酶、果胶酶、植酸酶、木聚糖酶中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的有效去除宠物体内毛球的复合酶制剂，其特征在于，所述载体为肉类及其制品、糊精、玉米淀粉、二氧化硅中的一种或几种。
5.一种包含所述复合酶制剂的预混料，其特征在于，包括权利要求1～4任一项所述复合酶制剂，还包括植物膳食纤维、益生菌、有机锌、维生素、欧米茄3或欧米茄6系列脂肪酸中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求5所述的包含所述复合酶制剂的预混料，其特征在于，所述植物膳食纤维为大麦苗粉、车前子壳粉、果寡糖，甘露寡糖、低聚半乳糖、菊糖、低聚木糖中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求5所述的包含所述复合酶制剂的预混料，其特征在于，所述益生菌为两歧双歧杆菌、动物双歧杆菌、粪肠球菌、屎肠球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、发酵乳杆菌、乳酸片球菌、酵母菌中的一种或几种。
8.根据权利要求5所述的包含所述复合酶制剂的预混料，其特征在于，所述有机锌为蛋白锌、蛋氨酸锌络合物、赖氨酸锌络合物、氨基酸锌络合物、甘氨酸锌、乳酸锌、葡萄糖酸锌中的一种或几种。
9.根据权利要求5所述的包含所述复合酶制剂的预混料，其特征在于，所述维生素为维生素A、维生素D3、维生素B1、维生素B3、维生素B5、维生素B6、维生素B7、维生素B9、维生素B12、维生素K中的一种或几种。
10.根据权利要求1～4任一项所述的复合酶制剂，其特征在于，所述复合酶制剂可以制成各种形式的粉末、膏剂、片剂、颗粒剂。
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| CN117210379B (zh) * | 2023-11-09 | 2024-01-30 | 山东威曼宠物食品有限公司 | 一种促进猫化毛排毛的屎肠球菌jyef-355及应用 |
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