CN114223543B - Cultivation method of weak light-resistant tomato variety - Google Patents
Cultivation method of weak light-resistant tomato variety Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for culturing the weak light-resistant tomato includes creating weak light environment, culturing seedlings, naturalizing, watering and using growth regulator. The cultivation method can ensure the fruit setting rate and simultaneously improve the weight of the single fruit, the fruit setting rate is 95.9-96.5%, the average weight of the single fruit is 232.7-238.5g, and the cultivation method can improve the specific leaf area of the leaves, and the average specific leaf area of the leaves is 8.45-8.51.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cultivation method of a weak light resistant tomato variety, belonging to the field of agriculture.
Background
Tomatoes originate in subtropical regions, are one of main vegetables for facility cultivation in China, and require strong illumination conditions for growth and development.
In recent years, the facility vegetables are rapidly developed, and the production of the facility vegetables in successive years causes the facility light-transmitting covering material to age and gather dust, so that the facility light-transmitting rate is reduced, and the quality, the yield and the sustainable development of the facility production are seriously influenced. Meanwhile, the leaves are mutually shaded due to close planting, or the plants are rainy in a certain growing period, so that the illumination intensity of the plants in a certain period is weakened, the formation of some organs is influenced, the yield is reduced, and the yield of the tomatoes is not influenced in a low-light environment by planting the low-light resistant varieties.
CN108713464A discloses a method for planting tomato with weak light resistance, which improves the photosynthetic rate in a weak light environment by using growth regulators and other management methods such as water and fertilizer, but the activity of calcium-activated ATP enzyme in the leaves of the tomato with weak light resistance tends to be high in the early stage, low in the middle stage and high in the later stage in the growth cycle, and the activity of calcium-activated ATP enzyme in the leaves in the fruit setting stage is greatly reduced, so that the photosynthetic rate of the leaves is influenced, and the single weight of the fruits is low.
(1) The fruit setting rate of the low-light-resistant tomatoes is higher in a low-light environment, but the weight of a single fruit of a low-light-resistant variety tomato fruit is lower;
(2) The specific leaf area (leaf area/dry sample quality) of the weak light resistant tomato leaf is lower in a weak light environment, so that the light utilization rate is influenced;
(3) The nutrient content of the tomato with weak light resistance is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects in the prior art, and provides a cultivation method of a weak light resistant tomato variety by improving seedling cultivation, domestication and watering methods, so that the following purposes are achieved:
(1) The fruit setting rate of the low-light-resistant tomatoes is higher in a low-light environment, and the weight of a single fruit of the fruits is high;
(2) The specific leaf area (leaf area/leaf dry sample quality) of the weak light resistant tomato leaf is high in a weak light environment, and the light utilization rate is high;
(3) The content of nutrient substances of the tomato with weak light resistance is high.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for culturing the weak light-resistant tomato variety includes creating weak light environment, culturing seedlings, domesticating, watering and using growth regulator.
The following is a further improvement of the above technical solution:
the weak light environment is created, normal illumination treatment and shielding treatment are alternated in the whole process from transplanting to harvesting, in every 30 days, normal illumination treatment is carried out in the first 10 days, shielding treatment is carried out in the last 20 days, and the shielding light transmittance is 45-55%.
The seedling cultivation comprises the steps of culture medium preparation, seed treatment, field planting and transplanting;
the preparation method comprises the steps of dissolving MS base salt, glucose and agarose in water, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH to 6.0-6.4, sterilizing at high temperature to prepare a basic culture medium, and adding inositol and nicotinic acid into the basic culture medium to obtain a seedling culture medium;
the basic culture medium comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.8-1.2 parts of MS base salt, 1.8-2.2 parts of glucose, 2.5-3.5 parts of agarose and 45-55 parts of water;
the inositol is added into the seedling culture medium to reach the final concentration of 8.0-9.0mg/L;
the final concentration of the nicotinic acid added into the seedling culture medium is 0.50-0.60mg/L.
And (3) seed treatment, namely adding seeds into a centrifugal tube to one fourth of the volume of the centrifugal tube after sun-drying, adding 73-77% alcohol to two thirds of the volume of the centrifugal tube, standing for 0.5-1.5min, and cleaning the seeds after centrifugation to obtain disinfected seeds.
The field planting, namely planting the disinfected seeds in a seedling culture medium in a field manner, sealing, and placing in an incubator at the culture temperature of 24-26 ℃ for 46-50 hours;
vertically fixing the seed buds after sprouting, and then carrying out long-day treatment, wherein the long-day treatment is carried out alternately for 15-17h under illumination and 7-9h under no illumination, and the temperature is kept at 24-26 ℃ during the long-day treatment, and the relative humidity of air is 50-60%;
the long-day treatment has illumination intensity of 2500-3500LUX.
And (3) transplanting, namely after the cotyledon of the seedling grows out, moving the seedling out of the culture medium, transferring the seedling to a nutrient solution for conventional culture, and transplanting the seedling to a greenhouse after the seedling is cultured until the height of the seedling is 11.5-12.5 cm.
The acclimatization is carried out within 30 days before the transplanting to the greenhouse, the acclimatization is carried out for 1-10 days under normal illumination for 10 days, and the temperature of a part (00-00 ℃) of 9;
the 50% light transmittance shielding treatment is carried out for 11-20 days, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 21-23 ℃, and the temperature is controlled to be between 19 and 21 ℃ under the conditions that; 22, 00-4, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 11-13 ℃, the temperature is controlled to be 14-16 ℃ in the range of 17-00, 4 2 An ultraviolet lamp is arranged, and the irradiation power is 80-120W;
and (3) carrying out 50% light transmittance shielding treatment for 21-30 days, wherein the temperature of 9-00 is controlled to be 19-21 ℃, and the temperature of 17.
In the watering method, the watering is carried out by adopting nutrient-rich water, the watering period is 7 days before the flowering and fruit setting period, namely 45 days of the seedling period, the watering is continued until the initial stage of the fruit expanding period is finished, the watering is carried out by adopting inter-ridge film watering, the watering is carried out once every 5 days, the watering amount keeps the soil water content at 22-24%, and the conventional watering method is adopted in the rest growth stages;
the total organic nitrogen content of the eutrophic water is 6.0-6.8mg/L, the total organic phosphorus content is 0.30-0.40mg/L, and the pH value is 7.5-7.7.
The growth regulator is used, the growth regulator is sprayed on leaves five days before the flowering and fruit setting period, 50 times of liquid of 3.0-4.0kg of the growth regulator is sprayed per mu, and the growth regulator is sprayed once every 7 days for 3 times.
The growth regulator comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.8-1.2 parts of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 0.8-1.2 parts of sodium sulfite, 0.8-1.2 parts of p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, 1.8-2.2 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 1.8-2.2 parts of gibberellin, 1.8-2.2 parts of sodium stearate and 28-32 parts of water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the cultivation method can improve the weight of single fruits while ensuring the fruit setting rate, the fruit setting rate is 95.9-96.5%, the average weight of the single fruits is 232.7-238.5g, the weak light-intolerant tomatoes adopt the conventional cultivation method under the same weak light environment, the fruit setting rate is 67.3%, the average weight of the single fruits is 205.3g, the weak light-intolerant tomatoes adopt the conventional cultivation method under the same weak light environment, the fruit setting rate is 95.9%, and the average weight of the single fruits is 176.8g;
the cultivation method of the invention can ensure the specific leaf area (leaf area cm) of the leaf 2 The dry sample mass g) of the leaves is improved, the specific area of the leaves is 8.45-8.51 on average, the tomatoes which are not resistant to weak light adopt a conventional cultivation method under the same weak light environment, the specific area of the leaves is 8.23 on average, the tomatoes which are resistant to weak light adopt a conventional cultivation method under the same weak light environment, and the specific area of the leaves is 3.17 on average.
The cultivation method can improve the content of nutrient substances in the weak light resistant tomatoes, wherein the content of carotene is 512-523 mu g/100g, the content of carbohydrate is 4.15-4.25g/100g, and the content of vitamin A is 102-108 mu g/100 g.
Detailed Description
Example 1
(1) Creating a low light environment
The cultivated tomato variety is a low-light-resistant variety of the European crown tomatoes and is an unlimited growth type variety, young seedlings are cultivated in a planting area Qingdao in 3 months and 10 days, normal illumination treatment and shielding treatment are alternated during the whole process from transplanting to harvesting, a low-light environment is created by adopting a shading net, normal illumination treatment is carried out in the first 10 days and shielding treatment is carried out in the last 20 days every 30 days, the shielding light transmittance is 50%, and the planting mu seed consumption is 5g.
(2) Seedling cultivation
a. Preparation of the culture Medium
Dissolving MS basal salt, glucose and agarose in water, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH to 6.2, sterilizing at high temperature to prepare a basal culture medium, and then adding inositol and nicotinic acid into the basal culture medium to obtain a seedling culture medium;
the basic culture medium comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1 part of MS base salt, 2 parts of glucose, 3 parts of agarose and 50 parts of water;
the inositol is added into the seedling culture medium to reach the final concentration of 8.5mg/L;
the final concentration of the nicotinic acid added into the seedling culture medium is 0.55mg/L.
b. Seed treatment
Sun-drying tomato seeds for 3 days, adding the seeds into a centrifugal tube to one fourth of the volume of the centrifugal tube after sun-drying, adding 75% alcohol to two thirds of the volume of the centrifugal tube, standing for 1min, centrifuging, removing supernatant, and cleaning the seeds with sterile water to obtain sterilized seeds.
c. Planting
Planting the disinfected seeds in a seedling culture medium, sealing a culture dish, and placing the culture dish in a germination accelerating incubator at the culture temperature of 25 ℃ for 48 hours;
after sprouting, vertically fixing the seed buds, and then carrying out long-day treatment, wherein the long-day treatment is carried out for 16h under illumination time and 8h under no illumination time, the temperature is kept at 25 ℃ during the long-day treatment, and the relative humidity of air is 55%;
and (4) carrying out long-day treatment, wherein the illumination intensity is 3000LUX.
d. Transplanting
Culturing until cotyledons of the seedlings grow out, removing the seedlings from the culture medium, transferring the seedlings to a nutrient solution for conventional culture, culturing until the height of the seedlings is 12cm, and transplanting the seedlings to a greenhouse.
(3) Domestication
Acclimatization is carried out within 30 days before transplanting to a greenhouse, normal illumination is carried out for 1-10 days, and the temperature of a component (00-00) is controlled to be 20 ℃, and the temperature of a component (17);
the 50% light transmittance shielding treatment is carried out for 11-20 days, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 22 ℃, and the temperature is controlled to be 20 ℃ from the following temperature of; 22-00, the temperature is controlled at 12 ℃, the temperature is controlled at 00-22, and the temperature is controlled at 00-9 2 An ultraviolet lamp is arranged, and the irradiation power is 100W;
the 50% transmittance shading treatment is carried out for 21-30 days, and the temperature of 9-00 is controlled to be 20 ℃, and the temperature of 17.
(4) Watering method
Watering by adopting nutrient-rich water, wherein the watering period is 7 days before the flowering and fruit setting period, namely 45 days at the seedling stage, the watering is continued until the initial stage of the fruit expanding period is finished, the inter-ridge film watering is adopted, the watering is carried out once every 5 days, the watering amount keeps the soil moisture content at 23%, and the conventional watering method is adopted at the rest growth stages;
the eutrophic water has 6.5mg/L of organic total nitrogen, 0.35mg/L of organic total phosphorus and 7.6 of pH value, and can be treated water from sewage treatment plants or eutrophic water from rivers and lakes.
(5) Using growth regulators
Spraying a growth regulator to the leaves five days before the flowering and fruit setting period, spraying 50 times of liquid of 3.5kg of the growth regulator to each mu, and spraying once every 7 days for 3 times;
the growth regulator comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 1 part of sodium sulfite, 1 part of p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 2 parts of gibberellin, 2 parts of sodium stearate and 30 parts of water;
the preparation method of the growth regulator comprises the step of uniformly mixing a fixed part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, sodium sulfite, p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, chitosan oligosaccharide, gibberellin, sodium stearate and water to obtain the growth regulator.
Measuring the stomatal conductance of 0.076 mol.m in the flowering and fruit setting period after cultivation -1 ·s -1 The intercellular carbon dioxide concentration is 630 mu mol/mol;
and the other water and fertilizer management and the pest control adopt a conventional method.
The cultivation method of example 1 can improve the weight of single fruit while ensuring the fruit setting rate, the fruit setting rate is 96.5%, the average weight of single fruit is 238.5g, under the same low light environment, the conventional cultivation method is adopted for the tomatoes which are not resistant to low light, the fruit setting rate is 67.3%, the average weight of single fruit is 205.3g, under the same low light environment, the conventional cultivation method is adopted for the tomatoes which are resistant to low light, the fruit setting rate is 95.9%, and the average weight of single fruit is 176.8g;
the cultivation method of example 1 was conducted so that the specific leaf area (leaf area cm) 2 The leaf dry sample mass g) is improved, the leaf specific leaf area is 8.51 on average, the tomatoes which are not resistant to the weak light are cultivated by the conventional cultivation method under the same weak light environment, the leaf specific leaf area is 8.23 on average, the tomatoes which are resistant to the weak light are cultivated by the conventional cultivation method under the same weak light environment, and the leaf specific leaf area is 3.17 on average.
The cultivation method of example 1 can improve the content of nutrients in the tomato with weak light, the content of carotene is 523 μ g/100g, the content of carbohydrate is 4.25g/100g, and the content of vitamin A is 108 μ g/100 g.
Example 2
(1) Creating a low light environment
The cultivated tomato variety is a low-light-resistant variety of the European crown tomatoes and is an unlimited growth type variety, young seedlings are cultivated in a planting area Qingdao in 3 months and 10 days, normal illumination treatment and shielding treatment are alternated during the whole process from transplanting to harvesting, a low-light environment is created by adopting a shading net, normal illumination treatment is carried out in the first 10 days and shielding treatment is carried out in the last 20 days every 30 days, the shielding light transmittance is 50%, and the planting mu seed consumption is 5g.
(2) Seedling cultivation
a. Preparation of the culture Medium
Dissolving MS basal salt, glucose and agarose in water, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH to 6.0, sterilizing at high temperature to prepare a basal culture medium, and then adding inositol and nicotinic acid into the basal culture medium to obtain a seedling culture medium;
the basic culture medium comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.8 part of MS base salt, 1.8 parts of glucose, 2.5 parts of agarose and 45 parts of water;
the inositol is added into the seedling culture medium to achieve the final concentration of 8.0mg/L;
the final concentration of the nicotinic acid added into the seedling culture medium is 0.50mg/L.
b. Seed treatment
Sun-drying tomato seeds for 3 days, adding the seeds into a centrifugal tube to one fourth of the volume of the centrifugal tube after sun-drying, adding 73% alcohol to two thirds of the volume of the centrifugal tube, standing for 1.5min, centrifuging, removing supernatant, and cleaning the seeds with sterile water to obtain disinfected seeds.
c. Planting
Planting the disinfected seeds in a seedling culture medium, sealing a culture dish, and placing the culture dish in a germination accelerating incubator at the culture temperature of 24 ℃ for 50 hours;
after sprouting, vertically fixing seed sprouts, and then carrying out long-day treatment, wherein the long-day treatment is carried out alternately for 15h under illumination and 9h under no illumination, and the temperature is kept at 24 ℃ during the long-day treatment, and the relative humidity of air is 50%;
the long-day treatment has illumination intensity of 3500LUX.
d. Transplanting
Culturing until cotyledons of the seedlings grow out, removing the seedlings from the culture medium, transferring the seedlings to a nutrient solution for conventional culture, culturing until the height of the seedlings is 11.5cm, and transplanting the seedlings to a greenhouse.
(3) Domestication
Domestication is carried out within 30 days before transplanting to a greenhouse, normal illumination is carried out for 1-10 days, and the temperature of a 00-00 part is controlled to be 19 ℃, and the temperature of a 00-00 part is controlled to be 14 ℃ as follows;
the 50% light transmittance shielding treatment is carried out for 11-20 days, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 21 ℃, and the temperature is controlled to be 19 ℃ from the following temperature of 00-00; 22-00, the temperature is controlled at 11 ℃, the temperature is controlled at 00-22, the temperature is controlled at 00-9 2 An ultraviolet lamp is arranged, and the irradiation power is 80W;
the 50% transmittance shading treatment is carried out for 21-30 days, and the temperature of 9-00 is controlled to be 19 ℃, and the temperature of 17.
(4) Watering method
Watering by adopting nutrient-rich water, wherein the watering period is 7 days before the flowering and fruit setting period, namely 45 days at the seedling stage, the watering is continued until the initial stage of the fruit expanding period is finished, the inter-ridge film watering is adopted, the watering is carried out once every 5 days, the watering amount keeps the soil moisture content at 22%, and the conventional watering method is adopted at the rest growth stages;
the eutrophic water has 6.0mg/L of organic total nitrogen, 0.30mg/L of organic total phosphorus and 7.5 of pH value, and can be treated water from sewage treatment plants or eutrophic water from rivers and lakes.
(5) Using growth regulators
Spraying a growth regulator to leaves five days before the flowering and fruit setting period, spraying 50 times of a growth regulator solution of 3kg per mu, and spraying 3 times every 7 days;
the growth regulator comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.8 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 0.8 part of sodium sulfite, 0.8 part of p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, 1.8 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 1.8 parts of gibberellin, 1.8 parts of sodium stearate and 28 parts of water;
the preparation method of the growth regulator comprises the step of uniformly mixing a fixed part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, sodium sulfite, p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, chitosan oligosaccharide, gibberellin, sodium stearate and water to obtain the growth regulator.
After cultivation, the stomatal conductance of the blooming and fruit setting period is measured to be 0.072 mol.m -1 ·s -1 The intercellular carbon dioxide concentration is 612 mu mol/mol;
and the other water and fertilizer management and the pest control adopt a conventional method.
The cultivation method of example 2 can improve the single fruit weight while ensuring the fruit setting rate, the fruit setting rate is 96.1%, the single fruit weight is 232.7g on average, under the same low light environment, the low light resistant tomatoes adopt the conventional cultivation method, the fruit setting rate is 67.3%, the single fruit weight is 205.3g on average, under the same low light environment, the low light resistant tomatoes adopt the conventional cultivation method, the fruit setting rate is 95.9%, and the single fruit weight is 176.8g on average;
the cultivation method of example 2 can make the leaf specific area (leaf area cm) 2 The leaf dry sample mass g) is improved, the leaf specific leaf area is 8.45 on average, the tomatoes which are not resistant to the weak light are cultivated by the conventional cultivation method under the same weak light environment, the leaf specific leaf area is 8.23 on average, the tomatoes which are resistant to the weak light are cultivated by the conventional cultivation method under the same weak light environment, and the leaf specific leaf area is 3.17 on average.
The cultivation method of example 2 can improve the content of nutrients in the low-light resistant tomatoes, wherein the content of carotene is 517 mug/100 g, the content of carbohydrate is 4.15g/100g, and the content of vitamin A is 104 mug/100 g.
Example 3
(1) Creating a low light environment
The cultivated tomato variety is a low-light-resistant variety of the European crown tomatoes and is an unlimited growth type variety, young seedlings are cultivated in a planting area Qingdao in 3 months and 10 days, normal illumination treatment and shielding treatment are alternated during the whole process from transplanting to harvesting, a low-light environment is created by adopting a shading net, normal illumination treatment is carried out in the first 10 days and shielding treatment is carried out in the last 20 days every 30 days, the shielding light transmittance is 50%, and the planting mu seed consumption is 5g.
(2) Seedling cultivation
a. Preparation of the culture Medium
Dissolving MS base salt, glucose and agarose in water, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH to 6.4, sterilizing at high temperature to prepare a basic culture medium, and then adding inositol and nicotinic acid into the basic culture medium to obtain a seedling culture medium;
the basic culture medium comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1.2 parts of MS-based salt, 2.2 parts of glucose, 3.5 parts of agarose and 55 parts of water;
the inositol is added into the seedling culture medium to reach the final concentration of 9.0mg/L;
the final concentration of the nicotinic acid added into the seedling culture medium is 0.60mg/L.
b. Seed treatment
Sun-drying tomato seeds for 3 days, adding the seeds into a centrifugal tube to one fourth of the volume of the centrifugal tube after sun-drying, adding 77% alcohol to two thirds of the volume of the centrifugal tube, standing for 0.5min, centrifuging, removing supernatant, and cleaning the seeds with sterile water to obtain sterilized seeds.
c. Planting
Planting the disinfected seeds in a seedling culture medium, sealing a culture dish, and placing the culture dish in a germination accelerating incubator at the culture temperature of 26 ℃ for 46 hours;
after sprouting, vertically fixing the seed buds, and then carrying out long-day treatment, wherein the long-day treatment is carried out for 17 hours under illumination time and 7 hours under no illumination time, the temperature is kept at 26 ℃ during the long-day treatment, and the relative humidity of air is 60%;
the long-day treatment has illumination intensity of 2500LUX.
d. Transplanting
Culturing until cotyledons of the seedlings grow out, removing the seedlings from the culture medium, transferring the seedlings to a nutrient solution for conventional culture, culturing until the height of the seedlings is 12.5cm, and transplanting the seedlings to a greenhouse.
(3) Domestication
Acclimatization is carried out within 30 days before transplanting to a greenhouse, normal illumination is carried out for 1-10 days, and the temperature of a part (00-00 ℃) of 9;
the 50% light transmittance shielding treatment is carried out for 11-20 days, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 23 ℃, and the temperature is controlled to be 21 ℃ from the following parts; 22, 00-4, temperature control at 13 ℃,17, 00-22, 4 2 An ultraviolet lamp is arranged, and the irradiation power is 120W;
21-30 days of 50% light transmittance shielding treatment, wherein the temperature of 9.
(4) Watering method
Watering by adopting nutrient-rich water, wherein the watering period is 7 days before the flowering and fruit setting period, namely 45 days at the seedling stage, the watering is continued until the initial stage of the fruit expanding period is finished, the inter-ridge film watering is adopted, the watering is carried out once every 5 days, the watering amount keeps the soil moisture content at 24%, and the conventional watering method is adopted at the rest growth stages;
the eutrophic water has 6.8mg/L of organic total nitrogen, 0.40mg/L of organic total phosphorus and 7.7 of pH value, and can be treated water from sewage treatment plants or eutrophic water from rivers and lakes.
(5) Using growth regulators
Spraying a growth regulator to leaves five days before the flowering and fruit setting period, spraying 50 times of a growth regulator solution of 4kg per mu, and spraying 3 times every 7 days;
the growth regulator comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1.2 parts of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 1.2 parts of sodium sulfite, 1.2 parts of p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2.2 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 2.2 parts of gibberellin, 2.2 parts of sodium stearate and 32 parts of water;
the preparation method of the growth regulator comprises the step of uniformly mixing a fixed part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, sodium sulfite, p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, chitosan oligosaccharide, gibberellin, sodium stearate and water to obtain the growth regulator.
Measuring the stomatal conductance of 0.074 mol.m in the flowering and fruit setting period after cultivation -1 ·s -1 Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration is 625 μmol/mol;
and the other water and fertilizer management and the pest control adopt a conventional method.
The cultivation method of example 3 can improve the weight of a single fruit while ensuring the fruit setting rate, the fruit setting rate is 95.9%, the average weight of the single fruit is 235.1g, the conventional cultivation method is adopted for the tomatoes which are not resistant to weak light under the same weak light environment, the fruit setting rate is 67.3%, the average weight of the single fruit is 205.3g, the conventional cultivation method is adopted for the tomatoes which are resistant to weak light under the same weak light environment, the fruit setting rate is 95.9%, and the average weight of the single fruit is 176.8g;
the cultivation method of example 3 can make the leaf specific area (leaf area cm) 2 The leaf dry sample mass g) is improved, the leaf specific leaf area is 8.47 on average, the tomatoes which are not resistant to the weak light are cultivated by the conventional cultivation method under the same weak light environment, the leaf specific leaf area is 8.23 on average, the tomatoes which are resistant to the weak light are cultivated by the conventional cultivation method under the same weak light environment, and the leaf specific leaf area is 3.17 on average.
The cultivation method of example 3 can improve the content of nutrients in the low light resistant tomatoes, the carotene content is 512 mug/100 g, the carbohydrate content is 4.22g/100g, and the vitamin A content is 104 mug/100 g.
Claims (1)
1. A cultivation method of a tomato variety with weak light resistance is characterized by comprising the steps of creating a weak light environment, cultivating seedlings, domesticating, watering, and using a growth regulator;
the method comprises the following steps of creating a low-light environment, and alternating normal illumination treatment and shielding treatment in the whole process from transplanting to harvesting, wherein in every 30 days, the normal illumination treatment is performed in the first 10 days, the shielding treatment is performed in the last 20 days, and the shielding light transmittance is 45-55%;
the seedling cultivation comprises the steps of preparing a culture medium, treating seeds, planting and transplanting;
the preparation method comprises the steps of dissolving MS basic salt, glucose and agarose in water, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH to 6.0-6.4, sterilizing at high temperature to prepare a basic culture medium, and then adding inositol and nicotinic acid into the basic culture medium to obtain a seedling culture medium;
the basic culture medium comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.8-1.2 parts of MS-based salt, 1.8-2.2 parts of glucose, 2.5-3.5 parts of agarose and 45-55 parts of water;
the inositol is added into the seedling culture medium to reach the final concentration of 8.0-9.0mg/L; the nicotinic acid is added into the seedling culture medium to achieve the final concentration of 0.50-0.60mg/L;
the seed treatment, namely after sun-drying, adding seeds into a centrifugal tube to one fourth of the volume of the centrifugal tube, adding 73-77% alcohol to two thirds of the volume of the centrifugal tube, standing for 0.5-1.5min, and cleaning the seeds after centrifugation to obtain disinfected seeds;
the field planting is to plant the disinfected seeds in a seedling culture medium, seal the culture medium, and place the culture medium in an incubator at the culture temperature of 24-26 ℃ for 46-50 hours; vertically fixing the seed buds after sprouting, and then carrying out long-day treatment, wherein the long-day treatment is carried out alternately for 15-17h under illumination and 7-9h under no illumination, and the temperature is kept at 24-26 ℃ during the long-day treatment, and the relative humidity of air is 50-60%;
the long-day treatment is carried out, and the illumination intensity is 2500-3500LUX;
transplanting, namely transplanting the seedlings to a nutrient solution for conventional culture after cotyledons of the seedlings grow out, and transplanting the seedlings to a greenhouse after the seedlings are cultured until the height of the seedlings is 11.5-12.5 cm;
the domestication is carried out within 30 days before transplanting to a greenhouse, the domestication is carried out for 1-10 days under normal illumination for 10 days, and the temperature of a 00;
the 50% light transmittance shielding treatment is carried out for 11-20 days, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 21-23 ℃, and the temperature is controlled to be 19-21 ℃ under the conditions that; 22, 00-4, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 11-13 ℃, the temperature is controlled to be 14-16 ℃ in the range of 17-00, 4-00 2 An ultraviolet lamp is arranged, and the irradiation power is 80-120W;
carrying out 50% light transmittance shielding treatment for 21-30 days, wherein the temperature of 9-00 is controlled to be 19-21 ℃, and the temperature of 17;
in the watering method, the watering is carried out by adopting nutrient-rich water, the watering period is 7 days before the flowering and fruit setting period, namely 45 days of the seedling period, the watering is continued until the initial stage of the fruit expanding period is finished, the watering is carried out by adopting inter-ridge film watering, the watering is carried out once every 5 days, the watering amount keeps the soil water content at 22-24%, and the conventional watering method is adopted in the rest growth stages;
the eutrophic water contains 6.0-6.8mg of organic total nitrogen, 0.30-0.40mg of organic total phosphorus and 7.5-7.7 of pH;
the growth regulator is used, the growth regulator is sprayed on the leaves five days before the flowering and fruit setting period, 50 times of liquid of 3.0-4.0kg of the growth regulator is sprayed on each mu, and the liquid is sprayed once every 7 days for 3 times in total;
the growth regulator comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.8-1.2 parts of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 0.8-1.2 parts of sodium sulfite, 0.8-1.2 parts of p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, 1.8-2.2 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 1.8-2.2 parts of gibberellin, 1.8-2.2 parts of sodium stearate and 28-32 parts of water.
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| CN105191605A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-12-30 | 单县绿丰种业有限公司 | Tomato cultivation method |
| CN111149691A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-05-15 | 山东永盛农业发展有限公司 | Method for breeding weak light-resistant inbred line by utilizing tomato hybrid |
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| CN105191605A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-12-30 | 单县绿丰种业有限公司 | Tomato cultivation method |
| CN111149691A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-05-15 | 山东永盛农业发展有限公司 | Method for breeding weak light-resistant inbred line by utilizing tomato hybrid |
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