CN114222884A - 设置有用于压缩气体的罐体的道路车辆 - Google Patents

设置有用于压缩气体的罐体的道路车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114222884A
CN114222884A CN202080039048.7A CN202080039048A CN114222884A CN 114222884 A CN114222884 A CN 114222884A CN 202080039048 A CN202080039048 A CN 202080039048A CN 114222884 A CN114222884 A CN 114222884A
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China
Prior art keywords
tank
road vehicle
compressed gas
gap
compressor
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Granted
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CN202080039048.7A
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CN114222884B (zh
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法布里齐奥·法瓦雷托
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Ferrari Co ltd
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Ferrari Co ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/02—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge involving reinforcing arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/002—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for vessels under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0128—Shape spherical or elliptical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/035—Orientation with substantially horizontal main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/01—Reinforcing or suspension means
    • F17C2203/011—Reinforcing means
    • F17C2203/012—Reinforcing means on or in the wall, e.g. ribs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0629—Two walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/066—Plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/068—Special properties of materials for vessel walls
    • F17C2203/0682—Special properties of materials for vessel walls with liquid or gas layer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/031—Air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/036—Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0344—Air cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
    • F17C2227/0376—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in wall contact
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    • F17C2250/07—Actions triggered by measured parameters
    • F17C2250/072—Action when predefined value is reached
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    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • F17C2260/023—Avoiding overheating
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    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • F17C2260/025—Reducing transfer time
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    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F17C2270/0178—Cars

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种道路车辆(1)具有：框架(5)；四个车轮(2，3)，它们以旋转的方式安装在框架(5)上；主体(6)，其覆盖框架(5)；压缩机(12)，其产生压缩气体；以及至少一个罐体(7)，其从压缩机(12)接收压缩气体并且具有由壁部(10)界定的容纳室(9)。罐体(7)的壁部(10)包括：内板(14)，其直接界定容纳室(9)并且与压缩气体接触；以及外板(15)，其完全环绕内板(14)并且设置为与内板(14)平行且与内板(14)具有恒定的距离(d)。

Description

设置有用于压缩气体的罐体的道路车辆
相关申请的交叉引用
本专利申请要求2019年12月5日提交的意大利专利申请第102019000023103号的优先权，其全部公开内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种设置有用于压缩气体的罐体的道路车辆。
背景技术
在道路车辆中，能够以容纳在罐体内的高压压缩气体的方式储存能量。
例如，高压压缩气体可以是供应至燃料电池的用于产生电能的氢气。替代地，高压压缩气体可以是压缩空气，其用于驱动对内燃机的阀进行驱动的气动致动器或者用于驱动产生适用于改变车辆的运动的压缩空气射流的气动致动器。
总的来说，为了减少罐体的重量，罐体自身由轻质材料制成，例如碳纤维或其他复合材料。
高压气体的压缩对气体自身进行加热，其可以达到很高的温度，甚至可能超过制成罐体的材料可承受的最大温度(尤其是在罐体由具有较低热抗性的复合材料制成时)。为了避免罐体过热，已经提出了增大罐体壁部的厚度使其更耐热，已经提出了通过设置在罐体上游的换热器来预先冷却压缩气体，并且已经提出了在十分小的流速下(即，十分缓慢地)将压缩气体供应至罐体从而减轻流入的热压缩气体对罐体进行的加热。
然而，已知的方案还由于将合适的换热器设置在罐体上游的需求而使得重量和尺寸显著增大，由于压缩气体需要流过换热器而导致压缩气体产生负载损耗，并且使得罐体的填充十分缓慢。
专利US6182717B1以及专利申请CN101162782A、GB870269A和US2013118152A1描述了一种用于加压流体的罐体，其具有由壁部界定的容纳室，该壁部包括直接界定容纳室并且与流体接触的内板以及完全环绕内板并且设置为与内板平行且与内板具有恒定的距离的外板。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种设置有用于压缩气体的罐体的道路车辆，所述罐体不具有上文所述的缺点，即，其是特别轻的并且能够承受具有较高温度的压缩气体的流入，同时制造简单且经济。
根据本发明，提供了一种根据所附权利要求所述的设置有用于压缩气体的罐体的道路车辆。
所附权利要求描述了本发明的优选实施方式并且形成说明书的主要部分。
附图说明
现在将参照示出了本发明的非限制性实施方式的附图来描述本发明，其中：
图1是根据本发明制造的设置有罐体的道路车辆、特别是汽车的示意性平面图；
图2是图1的罐体的示意性剖视图；并且
图3是图1的道路车辆的另一个实施方式的示意性平面图。
具体实施方式
在图1中，附图标记1整体上表示道路车辆(在下文中，在不丧失一般性的情况下也称为汽车)，其设置有两个前轮2以及从动力传动系统4接收力矩的两个后驱动轮3。动力传动系统4可以是完全基于热能的系统(即，仅包括内燃热机)、混合系统(即，包括内燃热机和至少一个电动马达)或者电动系统(即，仅包括一个或多个电动马达)。
汽车1包括框架5，其尤其是支撑动力传动系统4以及车轮2和3；即，四个车轮2和3通过对应的悬架以旋转的方式固定至框架5。
此外，汽车1包括主体6，其覆盖框架5并且安装在框架5上。
汽车1包括至少一个罐体7，其用于压缩气体，例如压缩空气，其例如可具有700-900巴的标称压力。
在图1和3的实施方式中，汽车1包括单独一个压缩气体罐体7，但是根据此处没有示出并且完全等同的其他实施方式，设置有多个压缩气体罐体7，它们可以通过气动的方式彼此永久地连接(从而具有相同的内部压力)或者可以气动地彼此不相关联。
图2示出了压缩气体罐体7的实施方式，其包括由壁部10界定的容纳室9。容纳室9包括主开口11，其被构造为将容纳室9连接至外部，从而清空容纳室9的压缩气体/用压缩气体对其进行填充。
根据此处没有示出并且不是本发明的一部分的实施方式，压缩气体是压缩空气并且来自于压缩机或者来自于设置在道路车辆1的外部并且在填充操作期间与压缩气体罐体7连接的另一个罐体。
根据图1和3所示的实施方式，道路车辆1容纳有压缩机12，其通过压缩气体供应管道13永久地连接至压缩气体罐体7的主开口11并且将压缩气体供应至压缩气体罐体7。
例如，罐体7的壁部10具有圆柱形或球形形状。此外，罐体7的壁部10由具有高抗性和低重量的材料制成(例如，钛，Ti)。
根据图2，壁部10包括内板14，其直接界定容纳室9并且接触压缩空气；此外，壁部10包括完全环绕内板14的外板15，其设置为与内板14平行并且与内板14具有恒定的距离d。因此，内板14和外板15在它们之间限定了间隙16。
此外，多个连接元件17(在图2中示意性地示出)在间隙16中延伸并且被构造为将内板14与外板15彼此物理连接。根据一个优选实施方式，连接元件17具有四面体形状；根据此处没有示出的另外的实施方式，连接元件17可具有与四面体形状不同的其他几何形状。总体上，连接元件17具有高结构强度的轻质几何形状，并且在罐体7的壁部10受到应力的情况下(例如，容纳室9中的压缩气体的压力作用在内板14上)使得壁部10能够抵抗所述应力，由此避免罐体7由于应力自身而显著形变或穿孔。
此外，连接元件17仅占据间隙16的总体积的一部分，例如10％-25％；即，间隙16基本上是中空的(即，其是空的而不是填满的)。
壁部10还包括辅助入口开口18，其与主开口11分离且没有关联，并且被构造为允许通过与供应管道13分离的辅助入口管道19(在图2和3中示意性地示出)将冷却流体引入到间隙16中，从而使冷却流体进入到间隙16中。根据一些实施方式，冷却流体是气体，例如来自外部的空气；因此，辅助入口管道19通过形成在主体6中的空气入口与外部连接并且被构造为允许空气从外部朝向间隙16流动。替代地，根据图3中示意性地示出的另一个实施方式，冷却流体是液体，例如是水；因此，辅助入口管道19连接至冷却回路20(在图3中示意性地示出)，其包括容纳有冷却流体的散热器23并且被构造为允许冷却流体朝向间隙16流动。
壁部10还包括辅助出口开口21，其与容纳室9的主开口11和辅助入口开口18分离且没有关联并且被构造为将间隙16连接至与供应管道13和辅助入口管道19分离的辅助出口管道22，从而允许冷却流体流出间隙16。根据冷却流体是气体、例如来自于外部的空气的实施方式，辅助出口管道22连接至外部并且被构造为允许空气从间隙16流向外部。替代地，根据冷却流体是液体的本发明的另一个实施方式，辅助出口管道22连接至冷却回路20(在图3中示意性地示出)并且被构造为允许冷却流体从间隙16流向冷却回路20。
上文所述的罐体7可通过已知的制造技术来制造，例如增材制造工艺，例如3D打印，或者通过熔化工艺来制造。
此外，上文所述的罐体7可有利地用于在容纳室9填满高压、因此高温的压缩气体时冷却内板14；事实上，在这种情况下，与压缩气体直接接触的内板14受到加热并且内板14自身温度的升高会导致内板14的机械特性显著变化。由于冷却流体在间隙16中流动、即与内板14接触，所述冷却流体能够降低内板14的温度并因此允许罐体7容纳高压且高温的压缩气体。
根据图1和3，汽车1包括多个气体推动器8(即，气动推动器8)，它们各自连接至压缩气体罐体7以从压缩气体罐体7接收压缩气体、整合至框架5(即，向框架5传递气动推力)并且具有多个喷嘴(没有示出)，这些喷嘴(相对于主体6、因此相对于汽车1而言)面朝外并且可以被驱动为各自产生流出喷嘴的空气射流。每个气体推动器8所产生的气动推力在不使用车轮2和3的轮胎的情况下直接作用在汽车1的框架5(即，结构)上。基本上，每个气体推动器8的每个喷嘴都是阀，其根据指令而打开和关闭压缩气体流，该压缩气体流在超音速速度下膨胀的期间加速。
根据图1和3，设置有压力和/或温度传感器24，其确定(测量)压缩气体罐体7内部的压力和/或温度。此外，设置有控制单元25，其连接至压力和/或温度传感器24并且被构造为驱动冷却回路20，从而使冷却流体在压缩机12将压缩气体供应到罐体7的容纳室9中时流过罐体7的间隙16。基本上，控制单元25被构造为例如在压力和/或温度传感器24检测到的压力和/或温度超过指定阈值时、即在确定了压缩气体导致壁部10的内板14达到与内板14可承受的最大温度接近的温度时引入冷却流体。
根据图1和3，连接至压缩气体罐体7的压缩机12被设计为接收来自前车轴(即，两个前轮2)或来自后车轴(即，两个后轮3)的运动。换句话说，压缩机12的马达可连接至前车轴(即，两个前轮2)或连接至后车轴(即，两个后轮3)，从而通过前轮2或后轮3来操作(因此，利用前轮2的运动或后轮3的运动)。特别地，控制单元25在制动阶段使用从车轮2或3接收到的运动来驱动压缩机17，从而使用汽车1具有的动能，否则该动能将会通过制动系统以热能形式耗散。
如上所述，压缩机12对来自于大气的空气进行压缩；压缩机12所产生的并且被储存在罐体7中的压缩空气随后如专利申请EP3674152A1(其通过引用并入本文)所述那样进行使用，从而对气体推动器进行供应，这些气体推动器进行操作以在车辆上施加气动类型的额外推力。
根据此处没有示出并且不是本发明的一部分的实施方式，不具有压缩机12，因此仅在道路车辆1停止时通过外部填充系统对压缩气体罐体7进行填充。
本文所述的实施方式可以彼此结合，但是不会因此而超过本发明的保护范围。
上文所述的压缩气体罐体7具有多种优点。
首先，壁部10的结构允许在保持相同的结构抗性的条件下显著降低压缩气体罐体7的总重量。
此外，壁部10的结构允许罐体7的与压缩气体接触的部分(即，内板14)在不必冷却压缩气体或缓慢地将压缩气体引入到罐体7中的情况下得到冷却。换句话说，通过使冷却流体流入到间隙16中，能够避免压缩气体的高温导致的罐体7的形变或穿孔，而不必预先冷却压缩气体并且不必十分(过于)缓慢地供应压缩气体。
最后，上文所述的罐体7制造简单且经济。
附图标记列表
1 道路车辆/汽车
2 前轮
3 后轮
4 动力传动系统
5 框架
6 主体
7 压缩空气罐体
8 气体推动器
9 容纳室
10 壁部
11 主开口
12 压缩机
13 供应管道
14 内板
15 外板
16 间隙
17 多个连接元件
18 辅助入口开口
19 辅助入口管道
20 冷却回路
21 辅助出口开口
22 辅助出口管道
23 散热器
24 压力和/或温度传感器
25 控制单元

Claims (11)

1.一种道路车辆(1)，其包括：
框架(5)；
四个车轮(2，3)，它们以旋转的方式安装在所述框架(5)上；
主体(6)，其覆盖所述框架(5)；
压缩机(12)，其产生压缩气体；以及
至少一个罐体(7)，其接收和储存由所述压缩机(12)产生的所述压缩气体并且包括由壁部(10)界定的容纳室(9)，
所述道路车辆(1)的特征在于：
所述罐体(7)的所述壁部(10)包括：内板(14)，其直接界定所述容纳室(9)并且与所述压缩气体接触；外板(15)，其完全环绕所述内板(14)并且设置为与所述内板(14)平行且与所述内板(14)具有恒定的距离(d)；以及多个连接元件(17)，它们在所述内板(14)与所述外板(15)之间延伸，从而在不完全填满间隙(16)的情况下将所述内板(14)与所述外板(15)彼此物理连接，所述间隙(16)被限定在所述内板(14)与所述外板(15)之间并且与所述压缩气体的所述容纳室(9)隔离开；并且
设置有冷却回路(20)，其耦合至所述罐体(7)，从而使得与所述压缩机(12)压缩的气体分离且没有关联的冷却流体流过所述罐体(7)的所述间隙(16)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的道路车辆(1)，其包括控制单元(25)，其被构造为驱动所述冷却回路(20)，从而使得所述冷却流体在所述压缩机(12)将所述压缩气体供应到所述罐体(7)的所述容纳室(9)中时流过所述罐体(7)的所述间隙(16)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的道路车辆(1)，其中：
所述冷却流体是液体；并且
所述冷却回路(20)包括散热器(23)。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的道路车辆(1)，其中，所述冷却流体是来自外部的空气。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的道路车辆(1)，其中，所述连接元件(17)具有四面体形状。
6.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的道路车辆(1)，其中，所述连接元件(17)占据所述间隙(16)的总体积的10％-25％。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的道路车辆(1)，其中，所述罐体(7)包括：
主开口(11)，其将所述容纳室(9)连接至所述压缩机(12)，从而填充或清空所述容纳室(9)；以及
辅助入口开口(21)，其与所述主开口(11)分离且没有关联并且将所述间隙(16)连接至所述冷却回路(20)，以使所述冷却流体进入到所述间隙(16)中。
8.根据权利要求7所述的道路车辆(1)，其中，所述罐体(7)包括辅助出口开口(21)，其与所述主开口(11)和所述辅助入口开口(18)分离且没有关联并且将所述间隙(16)连接至所述冷却回路(20)，以使所述冷却流体离开所述间隙(16)。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的道路车辆(1)，其中，所述压缩机(12)通过供应管道(13)永久地连接至所述压缩气体的所述罐体(7)的主开口(11)。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的道路车辆(1)，其中，所述压缩机(12)接收来自前车轴或后车轴的运动，从而通过前部的车轮(2)或后部的车轮(3)来操作。
11.根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的道路车辆(1)，其中，所述压缩机(12)包括来自大气的空气。
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