CN114217643A - Automatic daily tracking and measuring method - Google Patents
Automatic daily tracking and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114217643A CN114217643A CN202111472072.2A CN202111472072A CN114217643A CN 114217643 A CN114217643 A CN 114217643A CN 202111472072 A CN202111472072 A CN 202111472072A CN 114217643 A CN114217643 A CN 114217643A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D3/00—Control of position or direction
- G05D3/12—Control of position or direction using feedback
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
- F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
- F24S30/45—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with two rotation axes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
- F24S40/10—Protective covers or shrouds; Closure members, e.g. lids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
- F24S50/20—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for tracking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
- H02S20/32—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment specially adapted for solar tracking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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Abstract
The invention discloses a day-direction automatic tracking and measuring method, and relates to the technical field of solar energy. The solar tracking and monitoring device aims at the problems that the solar measurement of the existing passive solar tracking and monitoring device has angle deviation and reduces the energy utilization efficiency. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, controlling a double-shaft rotating platform to rotate around a y axis or an x axis according to the light intensity difference received by a pair of first photosensitive sensors which are oppositely arranged along the x axis or the y axis until the light intensity difference of two pairs of first photosensitive sensors arranged along the orthogonal direction is lower than a set standard; and then the power device is utilized to lift the photosensitive sensor assembly arranged at the bottom of the dark cabin until the photosensitive sensor assembly locks the climbing height of the photosensitive sensor assembly after receiving sunlight, and the double-shaft rotating platform is controlled to rotate around the y axis or the x axis according to the light intensity difference received by two pairs of second photosensitive sensors which are oppositely arranged along the x axis or the y axis and closely attached and arranged along the orthogonal direction until the light intensity difference of the two pairs of second photosensitive sensors arranged along the orthogonal direction is lower than a set standard.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solar energy, in particular to a daily automatic tracking and measuring method.
Background
Solar energy's high-efficient utilization can not leave sun to tracking technique to photovoltaic power generation is the example, possesses two fixed photovoltaic electroplax of tradition of sun to tracking performance, and its solar energy utilization efficiency promotes 33%, and to the system of spotlight electricity generation, thermal-arrest class, sun tracking technique is more indispensable.
Currently, there are two main methods for the daily determination: one type is day-wise data obtained by latitude, longitude and position and time according to an astronomy calculation formula, the method has high precision, but the system arrangement is relatively complex and expensive; the other is to establish a passive solar tracking monitoring device by utilizing the characteristics of a photosensitive element, because the solar measurement of the passive solar tracking monitoring device has an angle deviation of 5-8 degrees due to errors of elements such as a sensor, a rotating device and the like, but the energy utilization efficiency caused by the angle deviation is not negligible, so how to design a solar measurement method with higher precision has higher application value.
Disclosure of Invention
The solar tracking and monitoring device aims at the problems that the solar measurement of the existing passive solar tracking and monitoring device has angle deviation and reduces the energy utilization efficiency. The invention aims to provide a daily automatic tracking and measuring method.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: an automatic daily tracking and measuring method comprises the following steps:
s1: installing a solar automatic tracking and measuring device, wherein the solar automatic tracking and measuring device comprises a double-shaft rotating platform, four first photosensitive sensors, a dark bin, a photosensitive sensor assembly, a power device and a control module; the dark storehouse that is the tube-shape connect perpendicularly in the central authorities of biax rotary platform, four first photosensitive sensor along the orthogonal direction equipartition in the edge of biax rotary platform, relative every of setting every the line of first photosensitive sensor with the center coincidence of biax rotary platform, the photosensitive sensor subassembly set up in dark storehouse inner chamber and can be in the axis removal along dark storehouse under power device's the promotion, the photosensitive sensor subassembly includes along the closely laminating four second photosensitive sensors of range of orthogonal direction, relative every of setting every the line of second photosensitive sensor with the center coincidence of biax rotary platform, first photosensitive sensor, photosensitive sensor subassembly and power device all with control module group connects, right day carries out initialization setting to automatic tracking measurement device, a connecting line of one pair of the first photosensitive sensors and one pair of the second photosensitive sensors is superposed with an x axis, and a connecting line of the other pair of the first photosensitive sensors and the second photosensitive sensors is superposed with a y axis;
s2: judging whether the double-shaft rotating platform rotates around the y axis or the x axis according to the light intensity difference received by a pair of first photosensitive sensors which are oppositely arranged along the x axis or the y axis until the light intensity difference of the two first photosensitive sensors which are oppositely arranged is lower than delta E, so as to adjust the posture of the automatic sun tracking and measuring device;
s3: promote the photosensitive sensor subassembly that sets up in dark storehouse bottom through power device, receive sunlight until the photosensitive sensor subassembly, lock the height of climbing of photosensitive sensor subassembly, whether the light intensity difference that a pair of second photosensitive sensor that sets up along x axle or y axle relatively according to the photosensitive sensor subassembly received judges biax rotary platform around y axle or x axle and rotates, the light intensity difference of two second photosensitive sensors until relative setting is less than delta e, make the directional lock day orientation of day orientation automatic tracking determination device, save angle of adjustment in the control module group, and the basis the angle of day orientation that this moment was calculated to the angle of adjustment.
The automatic sun tracking and measuring method comprises the steps that firstly, a double-shaft rotating platform is controlled to rotate around a y axis or an x axis according to the light intensity difference received by a pair of first photosensitive sensors which are oppositely arranged along the x axis or the y axis until the light intensity difference of two pairs of first photosensitive sensors which are arranged along the orthogonal direction is lower than a set standard, so that the direction of the automatic sun tracking and measuring device is close to the sun direction; after the initial positioning, the power device is used for lifting the photosensitive sensor assembly arranged at the bottom of the dark cabin until the photosensitive sensor assembly locks the climbing height of the photosensitive sensor assembly when receiving sunlight, the double-shaft rotating platform is controlled to rotate around the y axis or the x axis according to the light intensity difference received by two pairs of second photosensitive sensors which are oppositely arranged along the x axis or the y axis and are closely attached and arranged until the light intensity difference of the two pairs of second photosensitive sensors arranged along the orthogonal direction is lower than a set standard, the using method firstly uses the two pairs of first photosensitive sensors which are orthogonally arranged at the edge of the double-shaft rotating platform to carry out primary sun tracking, then uses the two pairs of second photosensitive sensors which are orthogonally arranged in the dark cabin to carry out secondary direction calibration, and the measurement error can be controlled below 1 degree after the detection, thereby greatly improving the precision of sun direction measurement and realizing the efficient utilization of solar energy, compared with an active calculation and measurement method based on the astronomy principle, the using method is simple in operation, reduces cost and is high in applicability.
Furthermore, in step S1, a light-transmitting dust cover is further mounted on the top of the dual-axis rotating platform, the light-transmitting dust cover is a hemispherical transparent shell, the light-transmitting dust cover and the dual-axis rotating platform together form an enclosed space, and the dark cabin, the photosensitive sensor assembly, the power device and the control module are all located in the enclosed space.
Further, in step S1, a light shielding cover is further installed on the inner side of the light-transmitting dust cover, the light shielding cover includes a cylindrical cover body vertically disposed between the first photosensitive sensor and the dark cabin, and an arc-shaped cover body disposed on the top of the dark cabin, the cylindrical cover body and the arc-shaped cover body are connected into a whole, and a light inlet hole corresponding to the position of the dark cabin is disposed on the top of the arc-shaped cover body.
Further, in step S1, the power device is an air pump, the side wall of the dark cabin is respectively provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, the air inlet is disposed below the photosensitive sensor assembly, the air outlet is disposed above the photosensitive sensor assembly, the air pump is respectively communicated with the air inlet and the air outlet through a pipeline, and the pipeline is provided with a one-way valve.
Further, in step S3, after the day is initially located to the automatic tracking and measuring device, the control module controls the air pump to inject air into the dark chamber through controlling the air pump, so as to push the photosensitive sensor module to climb upwards along the axis of the dark chamber until the photosensitive sensor module receives sunlight, the control module controls the air pump to stop injecting air, the climbing height of the photosensitive sensor module is locked, after the auxiliary day is accurately aligned to the automatic tracking and measuring device, the control module controls the air pump to pump out the air from the dark chamber, and the photosensitive sensor module falls to the bottom of the dark chamber.
Further, step S3 includes using a power device to step back the photosensitive sensor assembly, performing a step adjustment of the attitude of the automatic tracking and measuring device in the solar direction by combining the dual-axis rotating platform according to the light intensity difference received by the four second photosensitive sensors, and calculating the current solar angle by adjusting the angle of the automatic tracking and measuring device in the solar direction in the x-axis and y-axis directions during the adjustment of each step stored in the control module.
Further, in step S3, the light intensity difference Δ E is 5% to 10% of the greater of the light intensity values measured by the two first photo sensors disposed oppositely on the x-axis or the y-axis, and the light intensity difference Δ E is 5% to 10% of the greater of the light intensity values measured by the two second photo sensors disposed oppositely on the x-axis or the y-axis.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an automatic tracking and measuring device for day direction according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 to 7 are schematic diagrams illustrating steps of an embodiment of the day-wise automatic tracking determination method according to the present invention. The numbers in the figures are as follows:
a biaxial rotation platform 10; a dark chamber 20; an air inlet 22; an air outlet 21; a first photosensitive sensor 30; a photosensitive sensor assembly 40; a core plate 41; a second light sensitive sensor 42; a light-transmissive dust cover 50; a light shielding cover 60; a cylindrical cover body 61; an arc-shaped cover 62; a light entrance hole 62 a; an air pump 70; a control module 80.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples. It is to be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are not to precise scale, which is merely for the purpose of facilitating and distinctly claiming the embodiments of the present invention. For convenience of description, the directions of "up" and "down" described below are the same as the directions of "up" and "down" in the drawings, but this is not a limitation of the technical solution of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, an xyz rectangular coordinate system is established with the height extension direction of the automated tracking measurement apparatus as the z-axis, wherein the y-axis is parallel to the rotation axis of the earth (i.e., the axis of the earth rotating around its centroid), and the day-wise automated tracking measurement apparatus of the present embodiment is described below with reference to fig. 1 to 7, and includes: the system comprises a double-shaft rotating platform 10, four first photosensitive sensors 30, a dark cabin 20, a photosensitive sensor assembly 40, a power device and control module 80; the cylindrical dark cabin 20 is vertically connected to the center of the dual-axis rotating platform 10, four first photosensitive sensors 30 are uniformly distributed at the edge of the dual-axis rotating platform 10 along the orthogonal direction, that is, two first photosensitive sensors 30 are oppositely arranged along the x axis, the other two first photosensitive sensors 30 are oppositely arranged along the y axis, the connecting line of each pair of oppositely arranged first photosensitive sensors 30 is coincided with the center of the dual-axis rotating platform 10, the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 is arranged in the inner cavity of the dark cabin 20 and can move along the axis of the dark cabin 20 under the push of a power device, the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 comprises four second photosensitive sensors 42 which are closely attached and arranged along the orthogonal direction, that is, two second photosensitive sensors 42 are oppositely arranged along the x axis, the other two second photosensitive sensors 42 are oppositely arranged along the y axis, the connecting line of each pair of oppositely arranged second photosensitive sensors 42 is coincided with the center of the dual-axis rotating platform 10, the dual-axis rotary platform 10, the first photosensitive sensor 30, the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 and the power device are all connected with the control module 80.
Firstly, whether the double-shaft rotating platform 10 rotates around the y axis is judged according to the light intensity difference received by the two first photosensitive sensors 30 which are oppositely arranged along the x axis until the light intensity difference of the two first photosensitive sensors 30 which are oppositely arranged along the x axis is lower than delta E, similarly, whether the double-shaft rotating platform 10 rotates around the x axis is judged according to the light intensity difference received by the two first photosensitive sensors 30 which are oppositely arranged along the y axis until the light intensity difference of the two first photosensitive sensors 30 which are oppositely arranged along the y axis is lower than delta E, so that the direction of the automatic tracking and measuring device is close to the sun direction, at the moment, sunlight reaches the interior of the dark cabin 20 at a certain angle, the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 which is arranged at the bottom of the dark cabin 20 is lifted by using a power device until the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 receives the sunlight, namely the climbing height of the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 is locked, and the sunlight is received by the two second photosensitive sensors 42 which are oppositely arranged along the x axis according to the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 Judging whether the double-shaft rotating platform 10 rotates around the y axis or not by difference until the light intensity difference of the two second photosensitive sensors 42 oppositely arranged along the x axis is lower than delta e, and similarly, judging whether the double-shaft rotating platform 10 rotates around the x axis or not according to the light intensity difference received by the two second photosensitive sensors 42 oppositely arranged along the y axis of the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 until the light intensity difference of the two second photosensitive sensors 42 oppositely arranged along the y axis is lower than delta e, so that the direction of the automatic sun tracking and measuring device is accurately locked in the sun direction; this automatic survey device that trails of day direction utilizes the quadrature to set up in two pairs of first photosensitive sensor 30 at biax rotary platform 10 edge earlier and carries out one-level day direction and trail, and the second photosensitive sensor 42 that utilizes the quadrature to set up in dark storehouse 20 carries out the calibration of second grade direction, the setting of two pairs of second photosensitive sensors 42 that closely laminate the range makes the survey of light intensity difference more accurate, can control below 1 through detecting its measuring error, thereby improved the precision of day direction survey by a wide margin, the high-efficient use of solar energy has been realized, and, relative to the initiative survey method based on astronomy principle, this automatic survey device that trails of day direction can realize day direction survey based on photosensitive sensor and control module 80, control module 80 has lower the requirement of chip, and the cost is reduced, and the suitability is stronger.
Furthermore, as the photosensitive sensor is exposed for a long time and is bound to be polluted, the solar direction measurement fails, and in order to solve the problem, as shown in fig. 2, the solar direction automatic tracking and measuring device of the present invention further comprises a light-transmitting dust cover 50, the light-transmitting dust cover 50 is a hemispherical transparent shell, the light-transmitting dust cover 50 is disposed on the top of the dual-axis rotating platform 10 and forms an enclosed space with the dual-axis rotating platform, the dark cabin 20, the photosensitive sensor assembly 40, the power device and the control module 80 are all located in the enclosed space, the hemispherical transparent shell has a good transmission effect on sunlight in various directions outside, and more importantly, the light-transmitting dust cover 50 can prevent the photosensitive sensor from being covered by dust to form an asymmetric error, so that the measured light intensity cannot be effectively aligned to the solar direction under a balanced state.
As shown in fig. 2, the power device of the present embodiment employs an air pump 70, the side walls of the dark chamber 20 are respectively provided with an air inlet 22 and an air outlet 21, the air inlet 22 is disposed below the photosensitive sensor assembly 40, the air outlet 21 is disposed above the photosensitive sensor assembly 40, the air pump 70 is respectively communicated with the air inlet 22 and the air outlet 21 through a pipeline, and a one-way valve (not shown in the figure) is disposed on the pipeline, after the preliminary positioning of the solar direction automatic tracking and measuring device is completed, the control module 80 controls the air pump 70 to inject air into the inner cavity of the dark chamber 20, so as to push the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 to climb upwards along the axis of the dark chamber 20 until the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 receives sunlight, the control module 80 controls the air pump 70 to stop injecting air, lock the climbing height of the photosensitive sensor assembly 40, as shown in fig. 7, after the auxiliary solar direction automatic tracking and measuring device is accurately aligned to the solar direction, the control module 80 controls the air pump 70 to pump the air in the dark chamber 20, and the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 is lowered to the bottom of the dark chamber 20. The form of the power unit of the present embodiment is merely an example, and is not limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 2, the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 further includes a core plate 41, four second photosensitive sensors 42 are closely arranged along an orthogonal direction and fixed on the top of the core plate 41, an outer diameter of the core plate 41 is adapted to an inner diameter of the dark chamber 20, the core plate 41 is disposed in the inner cavity of the dark chamber 20 and can vertically slide along an axis thereof, a slot is radially disposed above the air inlet 22 on the inner wall of the dark chamber 20, so that the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 can be suspended and supported above the air inlet 22, and a gap between the core plate 41 and the biaxial rotation platform 10 is reserved for the air pump 70 to inject air into the inner cavity of the dark chamber 20 and push the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 to climb.
Furthermore, as shown in fig. 2, the sunlight direction automatic tracking and measuring device further includes a light shielding cover 60 disposed inside the light-transmitting dust cover 50, the light shielding cover 60 includes a cylindrical cover body 61 vertically disposed between the first photosensor 30 and the dark chamber 20, and an arc-shaped cover body 62 disposed at the top of the dark chamber 20, the cylindrical cover body 61 and the arc-shaped cover body 62 are connected into a whole, the top of the arc-shaped cover body 62 is provided with a light inlet hole 62a corresponding to the position of the dark chamber 20, and the light shielding cover 60 is disposed such that sunlight can only enter the dark chamber 20 through the light inlet hole 62a, thereby ensuring the measuring accuracy of the photosensor assembly 40.
The automatic daily tracking and measuring method of the present invention is described with reference to fig. 3 to 7, and includes the following steps:
s1: as shown in fig. 3, the automatic tracking and measuring device for the day direction is installed and initialized, and the moving platform of the biaxial rotation platform 10 is in a horizontal state as an initialization condition, the connecting line of one pair of the first photosensitive sensors 30 and one pair of the second photosensitive sensors 42 is overlapped with the x axis, and the connecting line of the other pair of the first photosensitive sensors 30 and the second photosensitive sensors 42 is overlapped with the y axis;
s2: as shown in fig. 4, it is determined whether the dual-axis rotating platform 10 rotates around the y-axis according to the light intensity difference received by the two first photosensors 30 disposed oppositely along the x-axis until the light intensity difference of the two first photosensors 30 disposed oppositely along the x-axis is lower than Δ E, and similarly, it is determined whether the dual-axis rotating platform 10 rotates around the x-axis according to the light intensity difference received by the two first photosensors 30 disposed oppositely along the y-axis until the light intensity difference of the two first photosensors 30 disposed oppositely along the y-axis is lower than Δ E, so that the direction of the automatic tracking and measuring device approaches the sun direction, and the first-stage adjustment of the posture of the automatic tracking and measuring device in the sun direction is completed;
s3: as shown in fig. 5, the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 disposed at the bottom of the dark cabin 20 is lifted by the power device until the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 receives sunlight, and the climbing height of the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 is locked, as shown in fig. 6, whether the dual-axis rotating platform 10 rotates around the y-axis is determined according to the light intensity difference received by the two second photosensitive sensors 42 disposed along the x-axis of the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 until the light intensity difference of the two first photosensitive sensors 30 disposed along the x-axis is lower than Δ e, and similarly, whether the dual-axis rotating platform 10 rotates around the x-axis is determined according to the light intensity difference received by the two second photosensitive sensors 42 disposed along the y-axis of the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 until the light intensity difference of the two second photosensitive sensors 42 disposed along the y-axis is lower than Δ e, so that the direction of the automatic sun tracking and measuring device is accurately locked, the second-stage adjustment of the attitude of the day-direction automatic tracking and measuring device is completed, the adjustment angle is stored in the control module 80, and the day-direction angle at the moment is calculated through a coordinate rotation formula according to the adjustment angle.
According to the automatic sun tracking and measuring method, firstly, a double-shaft rotating platform 10 is controlled to rotate around a y axis or an x axis according to the light intensity difference received by a pair of first photosensitive sensors 30 which are oppositely arranged along the x axis or the y axis until the light intensity difference of two pairs of first photosensitive sensors 30 arranged along the orthogonal direction is lower than a set standard, so that the pointing direction of the automatic sun tracking and measuring device approaches the sun direction; after the initial positioning, the power device is used for lifting the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 arranged at the bottom of the dark cabin 20 until the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 locks the climbing height of the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 when receiving sunlight, the double-shaft rotating platform 10 is controlled to rotate around the y axis or the x axis according to the light intensity difference received by the two pairs of second photosensitive sensors 42 which are oppositely arranged along the x axis or the y axis and are closely attached and arranged along the y axis or the y axis until the light intensity difference of the two pairs of second photosensitive sensors 42 arranged along the orthogonal direction is lower than a set standard, the using method firstly uses the two pairs of first photosensitive sensors 30 which are orthogonally arranged at the edge of the double-shaft rotating platform 10 to carry out primary sun tracking, then uses the two pairs of second photosensitive sensors 42 which are orthogonally arranged in the dark cabin 20 to carry out secondary direction calibration, and the measurement error can be controlled below 1 degree through detection, thereby greatly improving the precision of the sun direction measurement, the method has the advantages that the solar energy is efficiently utilized, and compared with an active calculation and measurement method based on the astronomy principle, the method is simple in operation, low in cost and high in applicability.
In the step S1, a light-transmitting dust cover 50 is further installed on the top of the dual-axis rotating platform 10, the light-transmitting dust cover 50 is a hemispherical transparent shell, the light-transmitting dust cover 50 and the dual-axis rotating platform 10 together form an enclosed space, and the dark cabin 20, the photosensitive sensor assembly 40, the power device and the control module 80 are all located in the enclosed space.
In the step S1, the light-shielding cover 60 is further installed on the inner side of the light-transmitting dust cover 50, the light-shielding cover 60 includes a cylindrical cover body 61 vertically disposed between the first photosensor 30 and the dark chamber 20, and an arc-shaped cover body 62 disposed on the top of the dark chamber 20, the cylindrical cover body 61 and the arc-shaped cover body 62 are connected into a whole, the top of the arc-shaped cover body 62 is provided with a light inlet 62a corresponding to the position of the dark chamber 20, and the light-shielding cover 60 is disposed so that sunlight can enter the dark chamber 20 only through the light inlet 62a, thereby ensuring the measurement accuracy of the photosensor assembly 40.
In the step S3, the power device adopts an air pump 70, the side walls of the dark chamber 20 are respectively provided with an air inlet 22 and an air outlet 21, the air inlet 22 is arranged below the photosensitive sensor assembly 40, the air outlet 21 is arranged above the photosensitive sensor assembly 40, the air pump 70 is respectively communicated with the air inlet 22 and the air outlet 21 through a pipeline, and the pipeline is provided with a one-way valve, after the day-direction automatic tracking and measuring device completes the initial positioning, the control module 80 injects air into the inner cavity of the dark chamber 20 through controlling the air pump 70, so as to push the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 to climb upwards along the axis of the dark chamber 20 until the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 receives sunlight, the control module 80 controls the air pump 70 to stop injecting air, the climbing height of the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 is locked, as shown in fig. 7, after the day-direction automatic tracking and measuring device accurately aligns to the day direction, the control module 80 controls the air pump 70 to pump out the inner cavity of the dark chamber 20, the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 is lowered to the bottom of the dark chamber 20.
Step S3 further includes, in order to further complete more accurate tracking of the solar direction, using a power device to back the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 in stages, if the four second photosensitive sensors 42 in the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 have obvious received light intensity differences, combining the driving motor of the dual-axis rotating platform 10 to complete the stage adjustment of the attitude of the automatic tracking and measuring device of the solar direction according to the received light intensity differences of the four second photosensitive sensors 42, making the error between the automatic tracking and measuring device of the solar direction and the actual solar direction close to zero through the multi-stage attitude adjustment, and calculating the angle of the solar direction at this time through the adjustment angles of the automatic tracking and measuring device of the solar direction in the x axis and the y axis in the stage adjustment process stored in the control module 80.
In step S3, the light intensity difference Δ E is 5% to 10% of the larger of the light intensity values measured by the two first photosensors 30 disposed opposite to each other on the x-axis or the y-axis, and the light intensity difference Δ E is 5% to 10% of the larger of the light intensity values measured by the two second photosensors 42 disposed opposite to each other on the x-axis or the y-axis, so as to provide a basis for determining the light intensity difference and improve the accuracy of daily measurement, in this embodiment, 10% of the larger of the light intensity values is preferred.
The above description is only for the purpose of describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any variations and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the above disclosure are within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. An automatic daily tracking and measuring method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: installing a solar automatic tracking and measuring device, wherein the solar automatic tracking and measuring device comprises a double-shaft rotating platform, four first photosensitive sensors, a dark bin, a photosensitive sensor assembly, a power device and a control module; the dark storehouse that is the tube-shape connect perpendicularly in the central authorities of biax rotary platform, four first photosensitive sensor along the orthogonal direction equipartition in the edge of biax rotary platform, relative every of setting every the line of first photosensitive sensor with the center coincidence of biax rotary platform, the photosensitive sensor subassembly set up in dark storehouse inner chamber and can be in the axis removal along dark storehouse under power device's the promotion, the photosensitive sensor subassembly includes along the closely laminating four second photosensitive sensors of range of orthogonal direction, relative every of setting every the line of second photosensitive sensor with the center coincidence of biax rotary platform, first photosensitive sensor, photosensitive sensor subassembly and power device all with control module group connects, right day carries out initialization setting to automatic tracking measurement device, a connecting line of one pair of the first photosensitive sensors and one pair of the second photosensitive sensors is superposed with an x axis, and a connecting line of the other pair of the first photosensitive sensors and the second photosensitive sensors is superposed with a y axis;
s2: judging whether the double-shaft rotating platform rotates around the y axis or the x axis according to the light intensity difference received by a pair of first photosensitive sensors which are oppositely arranged along the x axis or the y axis until the light intensity difference of the two first photosensitive sensors which are oppositely arranged is lower than delta E, so as to adjust the posture of the automatic sun tracking and measuring device;
s3: promote the photosensitive sensor subassembly that sets up in dark storehouse bottom through power device, receive sunlight until the photosensitive sensor subassembly, lock the height of climbing of photosensitive sensor subassembly, whether the light intensity difference that a pair of second photosensitive sensor that sets up along x axle or y axle relatively according to the photosensitive sensor subassembly received judges biax rotary platform around y axle or x axle and rotates, the light intensity difference of two second photosensitive sensors until relative setting is less than delta e, make the directional lock day orientation of day orientation automatic tracking determination device, save angle of adjustment in the control module group, and the basis the angle of day orientation that this moment was calculated to the angle of adjustment.
2. The automatic daily tracking and measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: in step S1, a light-transmitting dust cover is further mounted on the top of the dual-axis rotating platform, the light-transmitting dust cover is a hemispherical transparent shell, the light-transmitting dust cover and the dual-axis rotating platform jointly form an enclosed space, and the dark cabin, the photosensitive sensor assembly, the power device and the control module are all located in the enclosed space.
3. The automatic daily tracking and measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: in step S1, a light-shielding cover is further installed on the inner side of the light-transmitting dust cover, and the light-shielding cover includes a cylindrical cover body vertically arranged between the first photosensor and the dark cabin and an arc-shaped cover body arranged on the top of the dark cabin, the cylindrical cover body and the arc-shaped cover body are connected into a whole, and a light inlet hole corresponding to the position of the dark cabin is arranged on the top of the arc-shaped cover body.
4. The automatic daily tracking and measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the power device uses an air pump, the side wall of the dark cabin is respectively provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, the air inlet is arranged below the photosensitive sensor assembly, the air outlet is arranged above the photosensitive sensor assembly, the air pump is respectively communicated with the air inlet and the air outlet through a pipeline, and the pipeline is provided with a one-way valve.
5. The day-wise automatic tracking and measuring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: in step S3, after the day is initially located to the automatic tracking and measuring device, the control module injects gas into the dark chamber through the control air pump, the photosensitive sensor module is pushed to climb upwards along the axis of the dark chamber until the photosensitive sensor module receives sunlight, the control module controls the air pump to stop injecting gas, the climbing height of the photosensitive sensor module is locked, after the auxiliary day is accurately aligned to the automatic tracking and measuring device, the control module controls the air pump to pump out the gas in the dark chamber, and the photosensitive sensor module falls to the bottom of the dark chamber.
6. The automatic daily tracking and measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: and step S3, the method further comprises the steps of utilizing a power device to backspace the photosensitive sensor assembly in a grading manner, combining the biaxial rotation platform to carry out grading adjustment on the posture of the automatic sun tracking and measuring device according to the light intensity difference received by the four second photosensitive sensors, and calculating the current sun angle through the previous adjustment angles of the automatic sun tracking and measuring device in the x-axis and y-axis directions in the adjustment processes of all levels stored in the control module.
7. The automatic daily tracking and measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: in step S3, the light intensity difference Δ E is 5% to 10% of the greater of the light intensity values measured by the two first photo sensors disposed opposite to each other on the x-axis or the y-axis, and the light intensity difference Δ E is 5% to 10% of the greater of the light intensity values measured by the two second photo sensors disposed opposite to each other on the x-axis or the y-axis.
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| CN202281957U (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2012-06-20 | 陕西科技大学 | Sun orientation sensor |
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| CN113110619A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-07-13 | 常州工程职业技术学院 | Sun tracking device and method for double-sided photovoltaic panel |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN202281957U (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2012-06-20 | 陕西科技大学 | Sun orientation sensor |
| CN104375514A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-02-25 | 于银龙 | Double-shaft solar automatic tracking power generation device and sensing probe thereof |
| CN204790585U (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2015-11-18 | 沈阳工程学院 | Adopt digital light intensity collection's biax solar energy automatic following control device |
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